Ustilago avenae
(loose smut of oats)

Pictures

Picture	Title	Caption	Copyright
Title Symptoms on oat Caption Oat panicles full of smut spores on right. Uninfected oat on left. Copyright ©AgrEvo	Symptoms on oat	Oat panicles full of smut spores on right. Uninfected oat on left.	©AgrEvo

Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

• Ustilago avenae (Pers.) Rostr.

Preferred Common Name

• loose smut of oats

Other Scientific Names

• Erysibe vera holci-avenacei Wallroth
• Reticularia segetum Bulliard
• Uredo avenae Corda
• Uredo carbo DC
• Uredo segetum Bulliard
• Ustilago avenae (Pers.) Rostrup, Overs
• Ustilago holci-avenacei (Wallr.) Cif.
• Ustilago hordei f.sp. avenae Boerema & Verhoeven
• Ustilago nigra Tapke
• Ustilago perennans Rostrup
• Ustilago segetum (Bull.) Rousel var. avenae (Pers.) Brunaud
• Ustilago segetum (Pers.) Ditmar
• Ustilago segetum var. avenae (Pers.) Rostrup
• Ustilago segetum var. avenae f.sp. nigra Ainsworth & Sampson
• Ustilgao nigra Tapke

International Common Names

• Spanish: carbon desnudo de la avena
• French: charbon nu de l'avoine

Local Common Names

• Germany: Flug-: Hafer Brand; Nackt-: Hafer Brand

EPPO code

• USTIAV (Ustilago segetum var. avenae)

Taxonomic Tree

• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Fungi
•         Phylum: Basidiomycota
•             Subphylum: Ustilaginomycotina
•                 Class: Ustilaginomycetes
•                     Subclass: Ustilaginomycetidae
•                         Order: Ustilaginales
•                             Family: Ustilaginaceae
•                                 Genus: Ustilago
•                                     Species: Ustilago avenae

Distribution Table

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Growth Stages

List of Symptoms/Signs

References

Ainsworth GC, Sampson K, 1950. The British Smut Fungi. Wallingford, UK: CAB International

CMI, 1993. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases. Map No. 238. Wallingford, UK: CAB International

Fischer GW, 1936. The longevity of smut spores in herbarium specimens. Phytopathology, 26:1118-1127

Forsberg G, Johnsson L, Lagerholm J, 2005. Effects of aerated steam seed treatment on cereal seed-borne diseases and crop yield. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 112(3):247-256

Gair R, Jenkins JEE, Lester E, 1987. Cereal pests and diseases. Cereal pests and diseases., Ed. 4:268 pp

Gaur A, Siddiqui MR, Sharma O, 1996. Studies on isolation distance for loose smut of wheat. Seed Research (New Delhi), 23(2):108-112

Gerhardson B, H÷keberg M, Johnsson L, 1998. Disease control by a formulation of a living bacterium. Brighton Crop Protection Conference: Pests & Diseases - 1998: Volume 3: Proceedings of an International Conference, Brighton, UK, 16-19 November 1998., 901-906; 5 ref

Johnsson L, Magyarosi T, Svensson C, 1996. The biology of smut fungi (Ustilago spp.) and seed dressing experiments against loose smut on oats. 37th Swedish Crop Protection Conference Uppsala, Sweden, 26-27 January, 1996. Uppsala, Sweden: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences), 243-256

Jones DG, Clifford BC, 1983. Cereal Diseases, their Pathology and Control. Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons

Koch E, Löffler I, 2009. Partial characterization of the antimicrobial activity of Streptomyces antimycoticus FZB53. Journal of Phytopathology, 157(4):235-242. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/jph

Manners JG, 1971. Cereals: rusts and smuts. In: Western JH, ed. Diseases of Crop Plants. London, UK: The MacMillan Press Ltd., 226-253

Neergaard P, 1977. Seed Pathology. Volume 1. London, UK: Macmillan Press Ltd., 839 pp

Neergaard P, 1988. Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul. In: Smith IM, Dunez J, Lelliott RA, Phillips DH, Archer SA, eds. European Handbook of Plant Diseases. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 465-466

Neergaard P, 1988. Ustilago avenae (Pers.) Rostrup. In: Smith IM, Dunez J, Lelliott RA, Phillips DH, Archer SA, eds. European Handbook of Plant Diseases. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 468

Olofsson B, 1972. Investigation into smut disease on cereals. Vaxtskyddsnotiser, 36(5/6):70-79

Paveley ND, Rennie WJ, Reeves JC, Wray MW, Sawson DD, Clark WS, Cockerell V, Mitchell AG, 1996. Cereal seed treament and seed treatment strategies. Research Review No. 34. London, UK: Home-Grown Cereals Authority

Punithalingam E, Waterson JM, 1970. Descriptions of pathogenic fungi and Bacteria No. 279. Wallingford, UK: CAB International

Sabel'nikova V, 1977. The effectiveness of Vitavax and Benlate in the control of smuts of oats. Trudy Khar'kovskogo SKHI, No.232:64-68

Sperlingsson K, 1994. Loose smut of oats - an increasing problem? Meddelande fran Statens Utsadeskontroll, 69:55-60

Stepanovskikh AS, 1976. Characteristics of the cultivation method and resistance of barley to smut. Zashchita Rastenii, No.10:12

Thomas PL, 1978. Barley smuts in Manitoba and eastern Saskatchewan, 1975-77. Canadian Plant Disease Survey, 58(4):92-94

Thomas PL, 1989. Barley smuts in the Prairie Provinces of Canada, 1983-88. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 11(2):133-136

Thomas PL, Menzies JG, 1997. Cereal smuts in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, 1989-95. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 11:133-136

Tyulina LR, Mal'tseva AI, 1983. Control of barley black smut. Zashchita Rastenii, No. 8:26

Whitehead R, 1999. The UK pesticide guide 1999. The UK pesticide guide 1999., xi + 736 pp

Distribution References

CABI, Undated. CABI Compendium: Status inferred from regional distribution. Wallingford, UK: CABI

UK, CAB International, 1993. Ustilago segetum var. avenae. [Distribution map]. In: Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, Wallingford, UK: CAB International. Map 238.

Distribution Maps