| Picture | Title | Caption | Copyright |
|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms on oat | Oat panicles full of smut spores on right. Uninfected oat on left. | ©AgrEvo |
Datasheet
Ustilago avenae (loose smut of oats)
Index
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Top of pageIdentity
Top of pagePreferred Scientific Name
- Ustilago avenae (Pers.) Rostr.
Preferred Common Name
- loose smut of oats
Other Scientific Names
- Erysibe vera holci-avenacei Wallroth (anamorph)
- Reticularia segetum Bulliard (anamorph)
- Uredo avenae Corda (anamorph)
- Uredo carbo DC (anamorph)
- Uredo segetum Bulliard (anamorph)
- Ustilago avenae (Pers.) Rostrup, Overs (teleomorph)
- Ustilago holci-avenacei (Wallr.) Cif. (teleomorph)
- Ustilago hordei f.sp. avenae Boerema & Verhoeven
- Ustilago nigra Tapke (teleomorph)
- Ustilago perennans Rostrup (teleomorph)
- Ustilago segetum (Bull.) Rousel var. avenae (Pers.) Brunaud (teleomorph)
- Ustilago segetum (Pers.) Ditmar (teleomorph)
- Ustilago segetum var. avenae (Pers.) Rostrup (teleomorph)
- Ustilago segetum var. avenae f.sp. nigra Ainsworth & Sampson (teleomorph)
- Ustilgao nigra Tapke (teleomorph)
International Common Names
- Spanish: carbon desnudo de la avena
- French: charbon nu de l'avoine
Local Common Names
- Germany: Flug-: Hafer Brand; Nackt-: Hafer Brand
EPPO code
- USTIAV (Ustilago segetum var. avenae)
Taxonomic Tree
Top of page- Domain: Eukaryota
- Kingdom: Fungi
- Phylum: Basidiomycota
- Subphylum: Ustilaginomycotina
- Class: Ustilaginomycetes
- Subclass: Ustilaginomycetidae
- Order: Ustilaginales
- Family: Ustilaginaceae
- Genus: Ustilago
- Species: Ustilago avenae
Distribution Table
Top of pageThe distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.
Last updated: 01 Dec 2021| Continent/Country/Region | Distribution | Last Reported | Origin | First Reported | Invasive | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Africa |
|||||||
| Angola | Present | ||||||
| Egypt | Present | ||||||
| Ethiopia | Present | ||||||
| Kenya | Present | ||||||
| Libya | Present | ||||||
| Madagascar | Present | ||||||
| Morocco | Present | ||||||
| South Africa | Present | ||||||
| Tanzania | Present | ||||||
| Tunisia | Present | ||||||
| Zambia | Present | ||||||
| Zimbabwe | Present | ||||||
Asia |
|||||||
| Afghanistan | Present | ||||||
| Azerbaijan | Present | ||||||
| China | Present | ||||||
| -Gansu | Present | ||||||
| -Hebei | Present | ||||||
| -Heilongjiang | Present | ||||||
| -Henan | Present | ||||||
| -Jiangsu | Present | ||||||
| -Jilin | Present | ||||||
| -Liaoning | Present | ||||||
| -Shaanxi | Present | ||||||
| -Shandong | Present | ||||||
| -Shanxi | Present | ||||||
| -Sichuan | Present | ||||||
| -Zhejiang | Present | ||||||
| Georgia | Present | ||||||
| India | Present | ||||||
| -Bihar | Present | ||||||
| -Delhi | Present | ||||||
| -Himachal Pradesh | Present | ||||||
| -Uttar Pradesh | Present | ||||||
| Iran | Present | ||||||
| Iraq | Present | ||||||
| Israel | Present | ||||||
| Japan | Present | ||||||
| Kazakhstan | Present | ||||||
| Kyrgyzstan | Present | ||||||
| Lebanon | Present | ||||||
| Mongolia | Present | ||||||
| Myanmar | Present | ||||||
| Pakistan | Present | ||||||
| Philippines | Present | ||||||
| South Korea | Present | ||||||
| Sri Lanka | Present | ||||||
| Taiwan | Present | ||||||
| Turkey | Present | ||||||
| Turkmenistan | Present | ||||||
Europe |
|||||||
| Austria | Present | ||||||
| Bulgaria | Present | ||||||
| Cyprus | Present | ||||||
| Czechoslovakia | Present | ||||||
| Federal Republic of Yugoslavia | Present | ||||||
| Denmark | Present | ||||||
| Estonia | Present | ||||||
| Faroe Islands | Present | ||||||
| Finland | Present | ||||||
| France | Present | ||||||
| -Corsica | Present | ||||||
| Germany | Present | ||||||
| Greece | Present | ||||||
| -Crete | Present | ||||||
| Hungary | Present | ||||||
| Ireland | Present | ||||||
| Italy | Present | ||||||
| Latvia | Present | ||||||
| Lithuania | Present | ||||||
| Netherlands | Present | ||||||
| Norway | Present | ||||||
| Poland | Present | ||||||
| Portugal | Present | ||||||
| Romania | Present | ||||||
| Russia | Present | Present based on regional distribution. | |||||
| -Russia (Europe) | Present | ||||||
| -Russian Far East | Present | ||||||
| -Siberia | Present | ||||||
| -Southern Russia | Present | ||||||
| Spain | Present | ||||||
| Sweden | Present | ||||||
| Switzerland | Present | ||||||
| United Kingdom | Present, Widespread | ||||||
| -Northern Ireland | Present | ||||||
| -Scotland | Present | ||||||
North America |
|||||||
| Bermuda | Present | ||||||
| Canada | Present | ||||||
| -Alberta | Present | ||||||
| -British Columbia | Present | ||||||
| -Manitoba | Present | ||||||
| -New Brunswick | Present | ||||||
| -Newfoundland and Labrador | Present | ||||||
| -Nova Scotia | Present | ||||||
| -Ontario | Present | ||||||
| -Prince Edward Island | Present | ||||||
| -Saskatchewan | Present | ||||||
| Mexico | Present | ||||||
| Puerto Rico | Present | ||||||
| United States | Present | ||||||
| -Alabama | Present | ||||||
| -Alaska | Present | ||||||
| -Arkansas | Present | ||||||
| -California | Present | ||||||
| -Colorado | Present | ||||||
| -Florida | Present | ||||||
| -Georgia | Present | ||||||
| -Hawaii | Present | ||||||
| -Idaho | Present | ||||||
| -Iowa | Present | ||||||
| -Massachusetts | Present | ||||||
| -Minnesota | Present | ||||||
| -Mississippi | Present | ||||||
| -New Jersey | Present | ||||||
| -New Mexico | Present | ||||||
| -New York | Present | ||||||
| -North Carolina | Present | ||||||
| -Oklahoma | Present | ||||||
| -Oregon | Present | ||||||
| -Pennsylvania | Present | ||||||
| -South Carolina | Present | ||||||
| -South Dakota | Present | ||||||
| -Texas | Present | ||||||
| -Virginia | Present | ||||||
| -Wyoming | Present | ||||||
Oceania |
|||||||
| Australia | Present | Present based on regional distribution. | |||||
| -New South Wales | Present | ||||||
| -Queensland | Present | ||||||
| -South Australia | Present | ||||||
| -Tasmania | Present | ||||||
| -Victoria | Present | ||||||
| -Western Australia | Present | ||||||
| New Zealand | Present | ||||||
| Papua New Guinea | Present | ||||||
South America |
|||||||
| Argentina | Present | ||||||
| Brazil | Present | Present based on regional distribution. | |||||
| -Rio Grande do Sul | Present | ||||||
| Chile | Present | ||||||
| Colombia | Present | ||||||
| Peru | Present | ||||||
| Uruguay | Present | ||||||
| Venezuela | Present | ||||||
List of Symptoms/Signs
Top of page| Sign | Life Stages | Type |
|---|---|---|
| Inflorescence / black fungal spores | ||
| Leaves / fungal growth | ||
| Whole plant / early senescence |
References
Top of pageAinsworth GC, Sampson K, 1950. The British Smut Fungi. Wallingford, UK: CAB International
CMI, 1993. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases. Map No. 238. Wallingford, UK: CAB International
Fischer GW, 1936. The longevity of smut spores in herbarium specimens. Phytopathology, 26:1118-1127
Gaur A, Siddiqui MR, Sharma O, 1996. Studies on isolation distance for loose smut of wheat. Seed Research (New Delhi), 23(2):108-112
Johnsson L, Magyarosi T, Svensson C, 1996. The biology of smut fungi (Ustilago spp.) and seed dressing experiments against loose smut on oats. 37th Swedish Crop Protection Conference Uppsala, Sweden, 26-27 January, 1996. Uppsala, Sweden: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences), 243-256
Jones DG, Clifford BC, 1983. Cereal Diseases, their Pathology and Control. Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons
Manners JG, 1971. Cereals: rusts and smuts. In: Western JH, ed. Diseases of Crop Plants. London, UK: The MacMillan Press Ltd., 226-253
Neergaard P, 1977. Seed Pathology. Volume 1. London, UK: Macmillan Press Ltd., 839 pp
Neergaard P, 1988. Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul. In: Smith IM, Dunez J, Lelliott RA, Phillips DH, Archer SA, eds. European Handbook of Plant Diseases. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 465-466
Neergaard P, 1988. Ustilago avenae (Pers.) Rostrup. In: Smith IM, Dunez J, Lelliott RA, Phillips DH, Archer SA, eds. European Handbook of Plant Diseases. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 468
Olofsson B, 1972. Investigation into smut disease on cereals. Vaxtskyddsnotiser, 36(5/6):70-79
Paveley ND, Rennie WJ, Reeves JC, Wray MW, Sawson DD, Clark WS, Cockerell V, Mitchell AG, 1996. Cereal seed treament and seed treatment strategies. Research Review No. 34. London, UK: Home-Grown Cereals Authority
Thomas PL, Menzies JG, 1997. Cereal smuts in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, 1989-95. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 11:133-136
Tyulina LR, Mal'tseva AI, 1983. Control of barley black smut. Zashchita Rastenii, No. 8:26
Whitehead R, 1999. The UK pesticide guide 1999. The UK pesticide guide 1999., xi + 736 pp
Distribution References
CABI, Undated. CABI Compendium: Status inferred from regional distribution. Wallingford, UK: CABI
Distribution Maps
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