Tectona grandis
(teak)

Pictures

Picture	Title	Caption	Copyright
Title Tree Caption The largest teak in India with a height of 49 m and a dbh of 224 cm. Located at Idamalayar in Malayattur Forest Division, Kerala State, India. Copyright Subhash Kuriakose/KFRI	Tree	The largest teak in India with a height of 49 m and a dbh of 224 cm. Located at Idamalayar in Malayattur Forest Division, Kerala State, India.	Subhash Kuriakose/KFRI
Title Plantation Caption 58-year-old plantation in Nellikkutha, Nilambur, Kerala. Copyright Subhash Kuriakose/KFRI	Plantation	58-year-old plantation in Nellikkutha, Nilambur, Kerala.	Subhash Kuriakose/KFRI
Title Young plantation Caption After first thinning. Copyright Subhash Kuriakose/KFRI	Young plantation	After first thinning.	Subhash Kuriakose/KFRI
Title Young plantation Caption One-year-old plantation in Kerala. Copyright Subhash Kuriakose/KFRI	Young plantation	One-year-old plantation in Kerala.	Subhash Kuriakose/KFRI
Title Nursery Caption Traditional production of planting stock using stump plants in Kerala, India. Copyright Subhash Kuriakose/KFRI	Nursery	Traditional production of planting stock using stump plants in Kerala, India.	Subhash Kuriakose/KFRI
Title Line artwork Caption 1. tree habit 2. fruiting twig 3. fruits with inflated calyx 4. flower 5. fruit with opened calyx Copyright PROSEA Foundation	Line artwork	1. tree habit 2. fruiting twig 3. fruits with inflated calyx 4. flower 5. fruit with opened calyx	PROSEA Foundation
Title Detailed line artwork Caption Flowering twig with panicles, flowers and fruits. A. flowering twig B. node showing branching pattern C. cross-section of leaf D. flowers E. enlarged flower F. calyx G. cross-section of flower showing carpel and bracts H. anther - ventral view I. anther - dorsal view J. pistil K. part of style showing indumentum L. fruit with calyx M. naked fruit N. cross-section of fruit Copyright N. Sasidharan/KFRI	Detailed line artwork	Flowering twig with panicles, flowers and fruits. A. flowering twig B. node showing branching pattern C. cross-section of leaf D. flowers E. enlarged flower F. calyx G. cross-section of flower showing carpel and bracts H. anther - ventral view I. anther - dorsal view J. pistil K. part of style showing indumentum L. fruit with calyx M. naked fruit N. cross-section of fruit	N. Sasidharan/KFRI
Title Flowers and fruits Caption Copyright Subhash Kuriakose/KFRI	Flowers and fruits		Subhash Kuriakose/KFRI
Title Flowers Caption Copyright Subhash Kuriakose/KFRI	Flowers		Subhash Kuriakose/KFRI
Title Fruits Caption Left to right: 1. Fruit with inflated calyx 2. Fruit with ruptured calyx 3. Fruit without calyx (seed) 4. Fruit without mesocarp (with stony endocarp) Copyright Subhash Kuriakose/KFRI	Fruits	Left to right: 1. Fruit with inflated calyx 2. Fruit with ruptured calyx 3. Fruit without calyx (seed) 4. Fruit without mesocarp (with stony endocarp)	Subhash Kuriakose/KFRI
Title Root system Caption Root system of a 55-year-old tree. Copyright Subhash Kuriakose/KFRI	Root system	Root system of a 55-year-old tree.	Subhash Kuriakose/KFRI
Title Hyblaea puera, adult (moth) Caption A serious pest of T. grandis plantations in Kerala. Copyright V.V. Sudheendrakumar/KFRI	Hyblaea puera, adult (moth)	A serious pest of T. grandis plantations in Kerala.	V.V. Sudheendrakumar/KFRI
Title Fifth instar larvae of Hyblaea puera Caption Fifth instar larvae dead due to Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus infection. Copyright Shri T.V. Sajeev	Fifth instar larvae of Hyblaea puera	Fifth instar larvae dead due to Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus infection.	Shri T.V. Sajeev
Title Damaged leaves Caption Leaf folds and defoliation caused by fifth instar larvae of Hyblaea puera. Copyright Shri T.V. Sajeev	Damaged leaves	Leaf folds and defoliation caused by fifth instar larvae of Hyblaea puera.	Shri T.V. Sajeev
Title Defoliated plantation Caption A six-year-old teak plantation of Kerala Forest Department at Nilambur being defoliated by Hyblaea puera larvae. Copyright Shri T.V. Sajeev	Defoliated plantation	A six-year-old teak plantation of Kerala Forest Department at Nilambur being defoliated by Hyblaea puera larvae.	Shri T.V. Sajeev
Title Mistletoe damage Caption Copyright Subhash Kuriakose/KFRI	Mistletoe damage		Subhash Kuriakose/KFRI

Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

• Tectona grandis L. f.

Preferred Common Name

• teak

Other Scientific Names

• Jatus grandis (L. f.) Kuntze
• Tectona theka Lour.
• Theka grandis (L. f.) Lam.

International Common Names

• English: Bangkok teak; Indian oak; Teak(wood) tree
• Spanish: teca
• French: teck

Local Common Names

• Brazil: teca
• Germany: Teak(holz)baum; tiek
• India: sagwan; thekku
• Indonesia: deleg; jati; kulidawa
• Italy: teck
• Laos: sak
• Myanmar: kyun
• Philippines: dalanang; djati
• Thailand: mai-sak; sak
• Vietnam: c[aa]y t[ees]ch; gi[as]t[ij]

EPPO code

• TCTGR (Tectona grandis)

Trade name

• teak

Taxonomic Tree

• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Plantae
•         Phylum: Spermatophyta
•             Subphylum: Angiospermae
•                 Class: Dicotyledonae
•                     Order: Lamiales
•                         Family: Lamiaceae
•                             Genus: Tectona
•                                 Species: Tectona grandis

Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature

The genus Tectona, with four Asian species, is treated as belonging to the family Verbenaceae, although some authors treat it as belonging to the closely related family Lamiaceae. The name Tectona is derived from tekku or thekku, the Indian vernacular name for the tree. Tectona grandis is the type species of the genus. Based on leaf characters, Moldenke (1975) recognized several infraspecific taxa in T. grandis.

Distribution Table

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Latitude/Altitude Ranges

Air Temperature

Rainfall

Rainfall Regime

Soil Tolerances

Soil drainage

• free

Soil reaction

• acid
• neutral

Soil texture

• heavy
• light
• medium

Uses List

Environmental

• Agroforestry

Fuels

• Fuelwood

General

• Ornamental

Materials

• Carved material
• Dye/tanning
• Essential oils
• Miscellaneous materials
• Wood/timber

Medicinal, pharmaceutical

• Source of medicine/pharmaceutical
• Traditional/folklore

Wood Products

Boats

Containers

• Boxes
• Cases
• Cooperage
• Crates
• Pallets
• Tanks
• Vats

Furniture

Railway sleepers

Roundwood

• Building poles
• Piles
• Pit props
• Posts
• Roundwood structures
• Stakes
• Transmission poles

Sawn or hewn building timbers

• Beams
• Bridges
• Carpentry/joinery (exterior/interior)
• Engineering structures
• Flooring
• For heavy construction
• For light construction
• Hydraulic works
• Shingles
• Wall panelling

Vehicle bodies

Veneers

Wood extractives (including oil)

Wood-based materials

• Plywood

Woodware

• Brushes
• Cutlery
• Industrial and domestic woodware
• Marquetry
• Musical instruments
• Sports equipment
• Tool handles
• Toys
• Turnery
• Wood carvings

Gaps in Knowledge/Research Needs

An analysis of the effects of predicted climate change on teak production in India indicated that 30% of teak grids were vulnerable to climate change scenarios, although with elevated CO₂ levels increases in net primary productivity and biomass could be expected (Gopalakrishnan et al., 2011). Carbon storage to mitigate increased atmospheric CO₂ was estimated at 351 t C/ha for teak plantations in Panama (Kraenzel et al., 2003). However, Varadharajan et al. (2010) showed that CO₂ enrichment had an adverse effect on teak growth.

References

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Distribution Maps