Spinacia oleracea
(spinach)

Pictures

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Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

• Spinacia oleracea L.

Preferred Common Name

• spinach

Other Scientific Names

• Spinacia inermis Moench., nom. illeg.
• Spinacia spinosa Moench., nom. illeg.

International Common Names

• Spanish: espinaca
• French: epinard
• Portuguese: espinafre

Local Common Names

• Germany: Spinat
• India: pinni; saag
• Italy: spinacio
• Japan: horenso
• Netherlands: spinazie
• Sweden: spenat

EPPO code

• SPQOL (Spinacia oleracea)

Taxonomic Tree

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• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Plantae
•         Phylum: Spermatophyta
•             Subphylum: Angiospermae
•                 Class: Dicotyledonae
•                     Order: Caryophyllales
•                         Family: Chenopodiaceae
•                             Genus: Spinacia
•                                 Species: Spinacia oleracea

List of Pests

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Major host of:

Agrotis segetum (turnip moth); Autographa gamma (silver-Y moth); Autographa nigrisigna (beet worm); Beet mild yellowing virus (beet mild yellowing); Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (rhizomania); Beet western yellows virus (turnip (mild) yellows); Broad bean wilt virus (lamium mild mosaic); Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris (yellow disease phytoplasmas); Cercospora beticola (cercospora leaf spot of beets); Chamomilla recutita (common chamomile); Choanephora cucurbitarum (Choanephora fruit rot); Clavigralla tomentosicollis (African pod bug); Colletotrichum dematium (leaf spot); Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier); Helicotylenchus dihystera (common spiral nematode); Heterodera schachtii (beet cyst eelworm); Liriomyza sativae (vegetable leaf miner); Liriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer); Listroderes costirostris (vegetable weevil); Lolium temulentum (darnel); Longidorus (longidorids); Myzus persicae (green peach aphid); Nacobbus aberrans (false root-knot nematode); Orobanche (broomrape); Peronospora farinosa (downy mildew: Chenopodiaceae); Phytophthora cryptogea (tomato foot rot); Piesma quadratum (beet bug); Pratylenchus penetrans (nematode, northern root lesion); Pythium aphanidermatum (damping-off); Pythium ultimum (black-leg of seedlings); Pythium vexans (damping off); Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (cottony soft rot); Senecio vulgaris; Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm); Spodoptera littoralis (cotton leafworm); Spoladea recurvalis (Hawaiian beet webworm); Tobacco leaf curl virus; Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)

Minor host of:

Achatina fulica (giant African land snail); Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid); Albugo occidentalis (white rust); Alternaria alternata (alternaria leaf spot); Aphis fabae (black bean aphid); Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid); Bean yellow mosaic virus (bean yellow mosaic); Beet curly top virus (curly top); Beet yellows virus (beet yellows); Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus; Cirsium arvense (creeping thistle); Cladosporium variabile (leaf spot: spinach); Cochliobolus lunatus (head mould of grasses, rice and sorghum); Cucumber mosaic virus (cucumber mosaic); Delia platura (bean seed fly); Ditylenchus dipsaci (stem and bulb nematode); Dociostaurus maroccanus (Moroccan locust); Epitrix tuberis (tuber flea beetle); Fallopia convolvulus (black bindweed); Feltia subterranea (granulate cutworm); Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. spinaciae (wilt: spinach); Globisporangium irregulare (dieback: carrot); Helicoverpa zea (American cotton bollworm); Impatiens necrotic spot virus (TSWV-I); Lettuce mosaic virus (lettuce mosaic); Leveillula taurica (powdery mildew of cotton); Liriomyza bryoniae (tomato leaf miner); Liriomyza huidobrensis (serpentine leafminer); Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass); Meloidogyne ethiopica (Root-knot nematode); Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode); Myrothecium verrucaria (myrothecium blotch); Olive mild mosaic virus; Olpidium brassicae (lettuce big vein); Orobanche aegyptiaca (Egyptian broomrape); Pangaeus bilineatus (burrowing bug); Pegomya hyoscyami (mangold fly); Penicillium digitatum (green mould); Peridroma saucia (pearly underwing moth); Peronospora farinosa f.sp. spinaciae (downy mildew); Pieris rapae (cabbage white butterfly); Pleospora betae (black leg of beet); Pleospora tarda; Polymyxa betae; Pythium myriotylum (brown rot of groundnut); Rhodococcus fascians (fasciation: leafy gall); Sowbane mosaic virus; Spodoptera eridania (southern armyworm); Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm); Spodoptera praefica (western yellowstriped armyworm); Stellaria media (common chickweed); Tetranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spider mite); Tobacco rattle virus (spraing of potato); Tomato spotted wilt virus (tomato spotted wilt); Tuta absoluta (tomato leafminer); Verticillium dahliae (verticillium wilt)

Wild host of:

Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (internal cork disease of sweet potato)

Associated with (not a host):

Frankliniella schultzei (cotton thrips); Phytophthora nicotianae (black shank); Pseudomonas fluorescens (pink eye: potato); Pseudomonas putida (biocontrol: Erwinia spp.)

Host of (source - data mining):

Aphanomyces cladogamus; Aphanomyces cochlioides (root rot of beet); Colletotrichum dematium f.sp. spinaciae (anthracnose: spinach); Fusarium oxysporum (basal rot); Fusarium redolens (root rot: pea); Gibberella pulicaris (basal canker of hop); Neonectria radicicola (black root of strawberry); Pseudomonas syringae (bacterial blast); Pythium paroecandrum (root rot: Phacelia spp.); Pythium sylvaticum (seedling rot of conifers); Pythium tracheiphilum (bottom rot of lettuce)

Uses List

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Human food and beverage

• Vegetable

Medicinal, pharmaceutical

• Traditional/folklore