Invasive Species Compendium

Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide

Datasheet

Solanum aethiopicum
(african scarlet eggplant)

Toolbox

Datasheet

Solanum aethiopicum (african scarlet eggplant)

Index

Summary

  • Last modified
  • 24 January 2022
  • Datasheet Type(s)
  • Pest
  • Host Plant
  • Preferred Scientific Name
  • Solanum aethiopicum
  • Preferred Common Name
  • african scarlet eggplant
  • Taxonomic Tree
  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •   Kingdom: Plantae
  •     Phylum: Spermatophyta
  •       Subphylum: Angiospermae
  •         Class: Dicotyledonae

Don't need the entire report?

Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need.

Generate report
Expand all sections Collapse all sections

Pictures

Top of page
PictureTitleCaptionCopyright
Solanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); fruits ripening for seed production, at the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC). Arusha, Tanzania. September 2013.
TitleFruits
CaptionSolanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); fruits ripening for seed production, at the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC). Arusha, Tanzania. September 2013.
Copyright©Michael Hermann/Crops for the Future/http://www.cropsforthefuture.org - CC BY-SA 3.0
Solanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); fruits ripening for seed production, at the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC). Arusha, Tanzania. September 2013.
FruitsSolanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); fruits ripening for seed production, at the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC). Arusha, Tanzania. September 2013.©Michael Hermann/Crops for the Future/http://www.cropsforthefuture.org - CC BY-SA 3.0
Solanum aethiopicum (african scarlet eggplant); habit, with fruits, var. 'RedRuffled'. Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid, Spain. September 2008.
TitleFruits
CaptionSolanum aethiopicum (african scarlet eggplant); habit, with fruits, var. 'RedRuffled'. Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid, Spain. September 2008.
Copyright©Cillas/via wikipedia - CC BY-SA 4.0
Solanum aethiopicum (african scarlet eggplant); habit, with fruits, var. 'RedRuffled'. Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid, Spain. September 2008.
FruitsSolanum aethiopicum (african scarlet eggplant); habit, with fruits, var. 'RedRuffled'. Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid, Spain. September 2008.©Cillas/via wikipedia - CC BY-SA 4.0
Solanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); fruits, var. 'Red Ruffled'. Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid, Spain. September 2008.
TitleFruits
CaptionSolanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); fruits, var. 'Red Ruffled'. Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid, Spain. September 2008.
Copyright©Cillas/via wikipedia - CC BY-SA 4.0
Solanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); fruits, var. 'Red Ruffled'. Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid, Spain. September 2008.
FruitsSolanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); fruits, var. 'Red Ruffled'. Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid, Spain. September 2008.©Cillas/via wikipedia - CC BY-SA 4.0
Solanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); harvested fruits, a white variety. Arusha, Tanzania. September 2013.
TitleFruits
CaptionSolanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); harvested fruits, a white variety. Arusha, Tanzania. September 2013.
Copyright©Michael Hermann/Crops of the Future/http://www.cropsforthefuture.org - CC BY-SA 3.0
Solanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); harvested fruits, a white variety. Arusha, Tanzania. September 2013.
FruitsSolanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); harvested fruits, a white variety. Arusha, Tanzania. September 2013.©Michael Hermann/Crops of the Future/http://www.cropsforthefuture.org - CC BY-SA 3.0
Solanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); harvested fruits, of a white variety, on a local market stall. Abidjan, Ivory Coast. November 2014.
TitleFruits
CaptionSolanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); harvested fruits, of a white variety, on a local market stall. Abidjan, Ivory Coast. November 2014.
Copyright©African Hope/via wikipedia - CC BY-SA 4.0
Solanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); harvested fruits, of a white variety, on a local market stall. Abidjan, Ivory Coast. November 2014.
FruitsSolanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); harvested fruits, of a white variety, on a local market stall. Abidjan, Ivory Coast. November 2014.©African Hope/via wikipedia - CC BY-SA 4.0
Solanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); harvested fruits, var 'Sola'. Used cooked in many popular traditional sauces in the central Africa region.
TitleFruits
CaptionSolanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); harvested fruits, var 'Sola'. Used cooked in many popular traditional sauces in the central Africa region.
Copyright©T.K. Naliaka/via wikipedia - CC BY-SA 4.0
Solanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); harvested fruits, var 'Sola'. Used cooked in many popular traditional sauces in the central Africa region.
FruitsSolanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); harvested fruits, var 'Sola'. Used cooked in many popular traditional sauces in the central Africa region.©T.K. Naliaka/via wikipedia - CC BY-SA 4.0
Solanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); harvested fruits. Shown here as sold in Senegal street markets and ready to cook. Scale compared with spoons.
TitleFruits
CaptionSolanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); harvested fruits. Shown here as sold in Senegal street markets and ready to cook. Scale compared with spoons.
Copyright©T.K. Naliaka/via wikipedia - CC BY-SA 4.0
Solanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); harvested fruits. Shown here as sold in Senegal street markets and ready to cook. Scale compared with spoons.
FruitsSolanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); harvested fruits. Shown here as sold in Senegal street markets and ready to cook. Scale compared with spoons.©T.K. Naliaka/via wikipedia - CC BY-SA 4.0
Solanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); flower. Botanische tuin TU Delft in Delft, The Netherlands. May 2006.
TitleFlower
CaptionSolanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); flower. Botanische tuin TU Delft in Delft, The Netherlands. May 2006.
CopyrightPublic Domian - Released by Hans B/via wkipedia
Solanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); flower. Botanische tuin TU Delft in Delft, The Netherlands. May 2006.
FlowerSolanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); flower. Botanische tuin TU Delft in Delft, The Netherlands. May 2006.Public Domian - Released by Hans B/via wkipedia
Solanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); being grown for seed production, at the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC). Arusha, Tanzania. September 2013.
TitleHabit
CaptionSolanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); being grown for seed production, at the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC). Arusha, Tanzania. September 2013.
Copyright©Michael Hermann/Crops for the Future/http://www.cropsforthefuture.org - CC BY-SA 3.0
Solanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); being grown for seed production, at the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC). Arusha, Tanzania. September 2013.
HabitSolanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); being grown for seed production, at the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC). Arusha, Tanzania. September 2013.©Michael Hermann/Crops for the Future/http://www.cropsforthefuture.org - CC BY-SA 3.0
Solanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); fruits being harvested for seed production, at the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC). Arusha, Tanzania. September 2013.
TitleHarvesting
CaptionSolanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); fruits being harvested for seed production, at the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC). Arusha, Tanzania. September 2013.
Copyright©Michael Hermann/Crops for the Future/http://www.cropsforthefuture.org - CC BY-SA 3.0
Solanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); fruits being harvested for seed production, at the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC). Arusha, Tanzania. September 2013.
HarvestingSolanum aethiopicum (African scarlet eggplant); fruits being harvested for seed production, at the World Vegetable Center (AVRDC). Arusha, Tanzania. September 2013.©Michael Hermann/Crops for the Future/http://www.cropsforthefuture.org - CC BY-SA 3.0

Identity

Top of page

Preferred Scientific Name

  • Solanum aethiopicum

Preferred Common Name

  • african scarlet eggplant

International Common Names

  • French: aubergine amère

EPPO code

  • SOLAE (Solanum aethiopicum)

Taxonomic Tree

Top of page
  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Plantae
  •         Phylum: Spermatophyta
  •             Subphylum: Angiospermae
  •                 Class: Dicotyledonae
  •                     Order: Solanales
  •                         Family: Solanaceae
  •                             Genus: Solanum
  •                                 Species: Solanum aethiopicum

Distribution Table

Top of page

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Last updated: 14 Feb 2022
Continent/Country/Region Distribution Last Reported Origin First Reported Invasive Reference Notes

Africa

GhanaPresent
NigeriaPresent
TanzaniaPresent

Asia

ChinaPresent
-YunnanPresent
IndiaPresent
TurkeyPresentIntroduced1860
Yemen
-SocotraPresentIntroduced2003

Europe

BelgiumPresentIntroduced1947
ItalyPresent

North America

United StatesPresent
-FloridaPresent

South America

BrazilPresent
-Distrito FederalPresent
-Espirito SantoPresent

Habitat List

Top of page
CategorySub-CategoryHabitatPresenceStatus
Terrestrial

References

Top of page

Abolusoro, S. A., Abe, M. O., Abolusoro, P. F., Izuogu, N. B., 2015. Control of nematode disease of egg plant (Solanum aethiopicum) using manure., Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 48(2):188-193 http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gapp20

Acquadro, A., Barchi, L., Gramazio, P., Portis, E., Vilanova, S., Comino, C., Plazas, M., Prohens, J., Lanteri, S., 2017. Coding SNPs analysis highlights genetic relationships and evolution pattern in eggplant complexes., PLoS ONE, 12(7):e0180774 http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0180774

Adeniji, O. T., Aloyce, A., 2012. Farmer's knowledge of horticultural traits and participatory selection of African eggplant varieties (Solanum aethiopicum) in Tanzania., Tropicultura, 30(3):185-191 http://www.tropicultura.org/text/v30n3/185.pdf

Adeniji, O. T., Kusolwa, P. M., Reuben, S. O. W. M., 2012. Genetic diversity among accessions of Solanum aethiopicum L. groups based on morpho-agronomic traits., Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization, 10(3):177-185 http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=PGR

Bationo-Kando P, Nanema KR, Kiébre Z, Sawadogo B, Kiébre M, Nébie B, Sawadogo N, Traoré RE, Sawadogo M, Zongo JD, 2015. Genetic diversity of cultivars of Kumba group (Solanum aethiopicum) assessed by EST-SSRs, International Journal of Development Research, 5(10):5686-5691 http://www.journalijdr.com/sites/default/files/issue-pdf/4154.pdf

Biscaro, G. A., Leal Filho, O. M., Zonta, T. T., Mendonça, V., Maia, S. M., 2008. Phosphate fertilization in the scarlet culture irrigated in the conditions of Cassilândia-MS., Caatinga, 21(5):69-74 http://periodicos.ufersa.edu.br/index.php/sistema/article/view/256/454

Gisbert C, Prohens J, Nuez F, 2006. Efficient regeneration in two potential new crops for subtropical climates, the scarlet (Solanum aethiopicum) and gboma (S. macrocarpon) eggplants, New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science , 34(1):55-62

Horna D, Timpo S, Gruère G, 2007. Marketing underutilized crops: the case of the African garden egg (Solanum aethiopicum) in Ghana:26 pp https://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/_migrated/uploads/tx_news/Marketing_underutilized_crops__the_case_of_the_African_garden_egg__Solanum_ethiopicum__in_Ghana_1267.pdf

Kamga, R. T., Kouamé, C., Atangana, A. R., Abdulai, M. S., Tenkouano, A., 2015. Characterization of African eggplant accessions for morphological and yield parameters in the bimodal rainfall agroecology of Cameroon., Acta Horticulturae:109-120 http://www.actahort.org/books/1102/1102_13.htm

Kariyat, R. R., Hardison, S. B., Moraes, C. M. de, Mescher, M. C., 2017. Plant spines deter herbivory by restricting caterpillar movement., Biology Letters, 13(5):20170176 http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/13/5/20170176

Keding G, Weinberger K, Swai I, Mndiga H, 2007. Diversity, traits and use of traditional vegetables in Tanzania, Technical Bulletin No. 40:53 pp http://203.64.245.61/fulltext_pdf/EB/2001-2010/TB40.pdf

Lester RN, Seck A, 2004. Solanum aethiopicum L, In: Grubben GJH, Denton OA, eds. Vegetables. Plant Resources of Tropical Africa (PROTA) 2. Wageningen, Netherlands: PROTA Foundation, Backhuys, CTA. 472-477. http://edepot.wur.nl/417517

Lester, R. N., 1986. Taxonomy of scarlet eggplants, Solanum aethiopicum L., Acta Horticulturae:125-132

Majubwa RO, Msogoya TJ, Maerere AP, 2015. Effects of local storage practices on deterioration of African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.) fruits, Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 14(2):106-111 https://www.ajol.info/index.php/tjags/article/view/158494/148113

Mally, R., Korycinska, A., Agassiz, D. J. L., Hall, J., Hodgetts, J., Nuss, M., 2015. Discovery of an unknown diversity of Leucinodes species damaging Solanaceae fruits in sub-Saharan Africa and moving in trade (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea)., ZooKeys:117-162 http://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4535

Naegele, R. P., Boyle, S., Quesada-Ocampo, L. M., Hausbeck, M. K., 2014. Genetic diversity, population structure, and resistance to Phytophthora capsici of a worldwide collection of eggplant germplasm., PLoS ONE, 9(5):e95930 http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0095930

Ojo, O. D., 2010. Influence of harvesting frequency on garden egg (Solanum gilo cv Yalo) yield and crop value., Tropical Agriculture, 87(3):124-128

Olet, E. A., Ziraba, R. B., Stedje, B., 2007. Solanum aethiopicum L. and S. anguivi Lam. in Uganda: utilization aspects., Breeding of neglected and under-utilized crops, spices and herbs:203-213

Partha Saha, Lyngdoh, Y. A., Tomar, B. S., 2016. Screening of cultivated eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and wild Solanum sp. against Fusarium wilt in India., Indian Phytopathology, 69(4s):729-733 http://epubs.icar.org.in/ejournal/index.php/IPPJ/article/view/71435/30285

Prohens, J., Plazas, M., Raigón, M. D., Seguí-Simarro, J. M., Stommel, J. R., Vilanova, S., 2012. Characterization of interspecific hybrids and first backcross generations from crosses between two cultivated eggplants (Solanum melongena and S. aethiopicum Kumba group) and implications for eggplant breeding., Euphytica, 186(2):517-538 http://springerlink.metapress.com/link.asp?id=102881

RBG, 2017. The Plant List http://www.theplantlist.org/

Roxas, D. M. R., Viña, A. C. dela, Ramirez, D. A., 1995. Cytogenetics of Solanum melongena Linn., Solanum aethiopicum and their F1 hybrid., Philippine Journal of Crop Science, 20(2):129-140

Sekara A, Cebula S, Kunicki E, 2007. Cultivated eggplants - origin, breeding objectives and genetic resources, a review, Folia Horticulturae, 19(1):97-114 http://www.ptno.ogr.ar.krakow.pl/Wydawn/FoliaHorticulturae/Spisy/FH2007/PDF19012007/fh1901p09.pdf

Sunseri, F., Polignano, G. B., Alba, V., Lotti, C., Bisignano, V., Mennella, G., D'Alessandro, A., Bacchi, M., Riccardi, P., Fiore, M. C., Ricciardi, L., 2010. Genetic diversity and characterization of African eggplant germplasm collection., African Journal of Plant Science, 4(7):231-241 http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380120387_Sunseri%20et%20al.pdf

Torres, S. B., Paiva, E. P. de, 2009. Controlled deterioration test to evaluate the physiological quality of jilo seeds., Caatinga, 22(3):35-39 http://periodicos.ufersa.edu.br/index.php/sistema/article/view/905/609

Yadav, P. K., Warade, S. D., Shakywar, R. C., Siddhartha Singh, Dubey, R. K., Pandey, A. K., 2017. Screening of brinjal genotypes for bacterial wilt in foot hills of Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh, India., Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 25(1):164-170 http://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:apps&type=home

Distribution References

Badii K B, Billah M K, Afreh-Nuamah K, Obeng-Ofori D, 2015. Species composition and host range of fruit-infesting flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northern Ghana. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science. 35 (3), 137-151. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=JTI

Badillo-Vargas I E, Roe N, Funderburk J E, Adkins S, 2015. First report of Tomato chlorotic spot virus in scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum) and American black nightshade (Solanum americanum) in the United States. Plant Disease. 99 (10), 1450-1451. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis DOI:10.1094/PDIS-04-15-0385-PDN

CABI Data Mining, Undated. CAB Abstracts Data Mining.,

Camele I, Marcone C, Caponero A, Ambrico A, Nigro C, Rana G L, 2006. First report of Verticillium dahliae causing Verticillium wilt of Solanum aethiopicum in Italy. Plant Pathology. 55 (4), 581. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2006.01366.x

Fonseca M E N, Boiteux L S, Lima M F, Mendonça J L, Costa A F, Fontes M G, Costa H, González-Arcos M, 2016. First report of Tomato chlorosis virus infecting eggplant and scarlet eggplant in Brazil. Plant Disease. 100 (4), 867-868. DOI:10.1094/PDIS-09-15-1087-PDN

Li Y Y, Ma Y, Meng Y, Huang M Z, Ren G M, Zhao J F, Li F, 2018. First report of Chilli vein mottle virus infecting Solanum aethiopicum in China. Plant Disease. 102 (6), 1181. DOI:10.1094/PDIS-09-17-1351-PDN

Mwatawala M W, Meyer M de, Makundi R H, Maerere A P, 2009. Host range and distribution of fruit-infesting pestiferous fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) in selected areas of Central Tanzania. Bulletin of Entomological Research. 99 (6), 629-641. DOI:10.1017/S0007485309006695

Mwatawala M, Meyer M de, White I M, Maerere A, Makundi R H, 2007. Detection of the solanum fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) in Tanzania (Dipt., Tephritidae). Journal of Applied Entomology. 131 (7), 501-503. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/jen DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0418.2007.01156.x

Nono-Womdim R, Swai I S, Chadha M L, 2001. Occurrence of Chilli veinal mottle virus in Solanum aethiopicum in Tanzania. Plant Disease. 85 (7), 801. DOI:10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.7.801A

Oliveira C M, Frizzas M R, 2013. Field biology of the beetle Aegopsis bolboceridus in Brazil, with a list of host plants. Journal of Insect Science (Madison). 13 (48), (4 June 2013). http://www.insectscience.org/13.48/i1536-2442-13-48.pdf DOI:10.1673/031.013.4801

Seebens H, Blackburn T M, Dyer E E, Genovesi P, Hulme P E, Jeschke J M, Pagad S, Pyšek P, Winter M, Arianoutsou M, Bacher S, Blasius B, Brundu G, Capinha C, Celesti-Grapow L, Dawson W, Dullinger S, Fuentes N, Jäger H, Kartesz J, Kenis M, Kreft H, Kühn I, Lenzner B, Liebhold A, Mosena A (et al), 2017. No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide. Nature Communications. 8 (2), 14435. http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14435

Seo J K, Kwak H R, Kim M K, Choi H S, 2015. First report of Carnation Italian ringspot virus in Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum in Korea. Plant Disease. 99 (10), 1451. DOI:10.1094/PDIS-03-15-0267-PDN

Suaste-Dzul A, Veloso J S, Reis A, 2021. First report of Verticillium dahliae race 2 on scarlet eggplant in Brazil. Journal of Plant Pathology. 103 (2), 667-667. DOI:10.1007/s42161-021-00754-z

Tanimola A A, Godwin-Egein M I, 2011. Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with garden egg (Solanum aethiopicum) in Obio-Akpor LGA, Rivers State, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nematology. 29 (2), 139-146.

Distribution Maps

Top of page
You can pan and zoom the map
Save map
Select a dataset
Map Legends
  • CABI Summary Records
Map Filters
Extent
Invasive
Origin
Third party data sources:
Download KML file
Download CSV file
Top of page