Pyrus communis
(European pear)

Pictures

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Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

• Pyrus communis L.

Preferred Common Name

• European pear

Other Scientific Names

• Pyrus asiae-mediae Popov
• Pyrus balansae Decne.
• Pyrus bourgaeana Decne.
• Pyrus domestica Medik.
• Pyrus elata Rubtzov
• Pyrus medvedevii Rubtzov

International Common Names

• English: pear; pear tree
• Spanish: pera; peral
• French: poire; poirier
• Portuguese: pereira

Local Common Names

• Germany: Birnbaum; Birne; Birnenbaum
• Italy: pero
• Japan: seiyo-nashi
• Netherlands: peereboom
• Sweden: paerontraed

EPPO code

• PYUBA (Pyrus balansae)
• PYUCO (Pyrus communis)

Trade name

• jungli leatangi

Taxonomic Tree

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• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Plantae
•         Phylum: Spermatophyta
•             Subphylum: Angiospermae
•                 Class: Dicotyledonae
•                     Order: Rosales
•                         Family: Rosaceae
•                             Genus: Pyrus
•                                 Species: Pyrus communis

List of Pests

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Major host of:

Acetobacter aceti; Acetobacter pasteurianus (bacterial brown rot of apple and pear); Acrobasis pyrivorella (pear fruit moth); Acronicta rumicis (knotgrass moth); Adoxophyes orana (summer fruit tortrix); Aphis pomi (apple aphid); Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (apricot butteratura); Apple stem grooving virus; Apple stem pitting virus (apple Spy 227 epinasty & decline); Archips fuscocupreanus; Archips podanus (great brown twist moth); Archips rosana (European leaf roller); Armillaria mellea (armillaria root rot); Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly); Botryotinia fuckeliana (grey mould-rot); Bryobia rubrioculus (brown apple mite); Cacopsylla pyri (pear sucker); Cacopsylla pyricola (psyllid, pear); Cacopsylla pyrisuga (pear sucker); Candidula intersecta (wrinkled dune snail); Carnation ringspot virus; Carposina sasakii (peach fruit moth); Ceresa alta (buffalo treehopper); Ceroplastes sinensis (Chinese wax scale); Choreutis pariana (apple-and-thorn skeletonizer); Choristoneura rosaceana (oblique banded leaf roller); Conyza bonariensis (hairy fleabane); Cornu aspersum (common garden snail); Cossus cossus (carpenter moth); Cydia pomonella (codling moth); Diaporthe eres (apple leaf, branch and fruit fungus); Digitaria sanguinalis (large crabgrass); Diplodia seriata (grapevine trunk disease); Epidiaspis leperii (European pear scale); Epitrimerus pyri (pear rust mite); Erwinia amylovora (fireblight); Eulecanium tiliae (nut scale); Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge); Euproctis chrysorrhoea (brown-tail moth); Forficula auricularia (European earwig); Globisporangium splendens (blast of oil palm); Gluconobacter oxydans; Gymnosporangium fuscum (European pear rust); Harmonia axyridis (harlequin ladybird); Hedya nubiferana (bud moth); Helicotylenchus dihystera (common spiral nematode); Heliotropium europaeum (common heliotrope); Hoplocampa; Hyalopterus pruni (mealy plum aphid); Hyphantria cunea (mulberry moth); Lepidium draba (hoary cress); Leucoptera malifoliella (pear leaf blister moth); Malacosoma neustria (common lackey); Metcalfa pruinosa (frosted moth-bug); Monilinia fructigena (brown rot); Mycosphaerella pyri (ashy: pear leaf spot); Naupactus xanthographus (South American fruit tree weevil); Neonectria ditissima (Nectria canker (apple, pear)); Orgyia postica (cocoa tussock moth); Pandemis cerasana (common twist moth); Pandemis heparana (apple brown tortrix); Panonychus ulmi (European red spider mite); Pantoea agglomerans (bacterial grapevine blight); Paratrichodorus porosus; Pear blister canker viroid; Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (bacterial root rot of sweet potato); Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (cotton root rot); Phytophthora cactorum (apple collar rot); Phytoplasma pyri (pear decline); Podosphaera leucotricha (powdery mildew of apple); Pratylenchus penetrans (nematode, northern root lesion); Pratylenchus vulnus (walnut root lesion nematode); Proeulia auraria (Chilean fruit tree leaf folder); Proeulia chrysopteris; Pseudococcus calceolariae (scarlet mealybug); Pseudococcus longispinus (long-tailed mealybug); Pseudococcus viburni (obscure mealybug); Pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans (blister spot of apple); Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (bacterial canker or blast (stone and pome fruits)); Rhizobium radiobacter (crown gall); Rhizobium rhizogenes (gall); Rhopalosiphum insertum (apple-grass aphid); Rosellinia necatrix (dematophora root rot); Saturnia pavonia (small emperor moth); Saturnia pyri (giant emperor moth); Senecio vulgaris; Spilonota ocellana (eyespotted bud moth); Stemphylium vesicarium (onion leaf blight); Taeniothrips inconsequens (pear thrips); Tetranychus fijiensis; Tetranychus kanzawai (kanzawa spider mite); Thrips flavus (honeysuckle thrips); Thrips imaginis (plague thrips); Trichodorus (stubby root nematodes); Trirachys holosericeus (apple stem borer); Valsa ceratosperma (dieback of apple); Venturia pyrina (black spot of pear); Xiphinema (dagger nematode); Xyleborus dispar (pear blight beetle); Zeuzera pyrina (wood leopard moth)

Minor host of:

Acremonium kiliense; Aculus schlechtendali (apple rust mite); Adoretus versutus (rose beetle); Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm); Alopecurus myosuroides (black-grass); Amphitetranychus viennensis (hawthorn (spider) mite); Anarsia lineatella (peach twig borer); Anastrepha fraterculus (South American fruit fly); Anastrepha ludens (Mexican fruit fly); Anastrepha obliqua (West Indian fruit fly); Anastrepha suspensa (Caribbean fruit fly); Anoplophora chinensis (black and white citrus longhorn); Anthonomus pomorum (apple blossom weevil); Anthonomus quadrigibbus (apple curculio); Apate monachus (black borer); Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid); Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid); Aporia crataegi (black-veined white); Apple rubbery wood phytoplasma (apple rubbery wood); Apple scar skin viroid (apple dimple); Armillaria tabescens (armillaria root rot); Aspidiotus nerii (Oleander scale); Bactrocera jarvisi (Jarvis' fruit fly); Bactrocera neohumeralis; Bactrocera tryoni (Queensland fruit fly); Biscogniauxia rosacearum; Botryosphaeria berengeriana f.sp. pyricola (Physalospora canker); Botryosphaeria dothidea (canker of almond); Cadophora luteo-olivacea; Caliroa cerasi (pear and cherry slugworm); Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris (yellow disease phytoplasmas); Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly); Ceratitis rosa (Natal fruit fly); Ceroplastes floridensis (soft scale); Ceroplastes japonicus (tortoise wax scale); Ceroplastes rubens (red wax scale); Ceroplastes rusci (fig wax scale); Chinavia hilaris (green stink bug); Cirsium arvense (creeping thistle); Colletotrichum acutatum (black spot of strawberry); Conotrachelus nenuphar (plum curculio); Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane); Diaspidiotus perniciosus (San José scale); Dickeya chrysanthemi (bacterial wilt of chrysanthemum and other ornamentals); Emex australis (Doublegee); Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly aphid); Erwinia uzenensis; Eutypa lata (Eutypa dieback); Gibberella avenacea (Fusarium blight); Glomerella cingulata (anthracnose); Grapholita inopinata (Manchurian fruit moth); Grapholita molesta (Oriental fruit moth); Grapholita packardi (cherry fruitworm); Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (European mole cricket); Gymnosporangium asiaticum (Japanese pear rust); Gymnosporangium clavipes (quince rust); Halyomorpha halys (brown marmorated stink bug); Hemiberlesia lataniae (latania scale); Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato (Heterobasidion root rot); Hop stunt viroid (hop stunt viroid); Longidorus elongatus (needle nematode); Lopholeucaspis japonica (Japanese baton shaped scale); Lygus lineolaris (tarnished plant bug); Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth); Lymantria monacha (nun moth); Macrosiphum rosae (rose aphid); Malacosoma parallela (mountain ring silk moth); Melanaphis pyraria; Monilinia fructicola (brown rot); Monilinia laxa (blossom blight); Monilinia polystroma; Mucor piriformis (Mucor post-harvest decay); Neonectria candida; Operophtera brumata (winter moth); Orgyia leucostigma (white-marked tussock moth); Pangaeus bilineatus (burrowing bug); Panonychus citri (citrus red mite); Parthenolecanium corni (European fruit lecanium); Penicillium expansum (blue mould of stored apple); Peridroma saucia (pearly underwing moth); Phlyctinus callosus (vine calandra); Phyllonorycter crataegella (apple blotch leafminer); Phytophthora cambivora (root rot of forest trees); Phytoplasma mali (apple proliferation); Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug); Pratylenchus loosi (root lesion nematode); Pseudomonas cichorii (bacterial blight of endive); Pseudomonas syringae (bacterial blast); Pseudomonas viridiflava (bacterial leaf blight of tomato (USA)); Pterochloroides persicae (peach black aphid); Ramularia eucalypti; Rhagoletis pomonella (apple maggot); Spodoptera eridania (southern armyworm); Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm); Stellaria media (common chickweed); Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion); Tessaratoma papillosa (litchi stink bug); Tobacco mosaic virus (tobacco mosaic); Tobacco necrosis virus (augusta disease of tulip); Tomato bushy stunt virus (Lycopersicon virus 4); Valsa leucostoma (dieback: fruit trees); Venturia inaequalis (apple scab); Xestia c-nigrum (spotted cutworm); Xiphinema index (fan-leaf virus nematode); Xyleborinus saxesenii (fruit-tree pinhole borer)

Wild host of:

Fomitopsis pinicola (brown crumbly rot); Ochropsora ariae; Xiphinema diversicaudatum (dagger nematode)

Associated with (not a host):

Aspergillus candidus; Candidatus Phytoplasma solani (Stolbur phytoplasma); Epicoccum nigrum (red blotch of grains); Mycosphaerella tassiana (antagonist of Botrytis cinerea); Pseudomonas fluorescens (pink eye: potato); Pseudomonas putida (biocontrol: Erwinia spp.); Spiroplasma citri (stubborn disease of citrus); Trichothecium roseum (fruit rot of tomato)

Host of (source - data mining):

Alternaria alternata (alternaria leaf spot); Anthonomus piri (apple bud weevil); Archips breviplicanus (leafroller, Asiatic); Argyrotaenia ljungiana; Armillaria limonea; Armillaria novae-zelandiae; Ascochyta piricola; Aspergillus clavatus; Brachycaudus amygdalinus; Cacopsylla bidens (pear psylla); Cacopsylla notata; Cadophora malorum (fruit rot of apple); Colladonus montanus (leafhopper, mountain); Contarinia pyrivora (pear midge); Cydia pyrivora; Dasineura pyri (pear leaf midge); Diaporthe ambigua (canker: pear); Diaporthe medusaea; Diaspidiotus ancylus (putnam scale); Diplocarpon maculatum (black spot: pear); Dysaphis plantaginea (rosy apple aphid); Dysaphis pyri (pear, aphid); Epiphyas postvittana (light brown apple moth); Eriophyes marginemtorquens; Eriophyes pseudoinsidiosus; Eriophyes pyri (pearleaf blister mite); Frankliniella cestrum; Gibberella baccata (collar rot of coffee); Hypoxylon serpens (wood rot: tea); Hypurus bertrandi (weevil, portulaca leafmining); Janus compressus; Lasiodiplodia theobromae (diplodia pod rot of cocoa); Lygocoris pabulinus (green capsid bug, common); Lygus pratensis (plant bug, tarnished); Malacosoma indicum; Megaplatypus mutatus; Microtermes unicolor; Neonectria radicicola (black root of strawberry); Odontotermes lokanandi; Ovatus malisuctus (apple leaf-curling aphid); Pandemis pyrusana (apple, pandemis); Parthenolecanium persicae (peach scale); Pezicula malicorticis (apple anthracnose); Phomopsis fukushii (canker: Japanese pear); Phyllactinia guttata (powdery mildew of hardwood trees); Phyllonorycter corylifoliella; Phyllonorycter elmaella (western tentiform leafminer); Phytophthora syringae (twig blight of lilac); Platynota idaeusalis (tufted apple, bud moth); Pseudococcus maritimus (grape mealybug); Pseudomonas marginalis (kansas lettuce disease); Psorosticha zizyphi (citrus leafroller); Pyrolachnus pyri; Recurvaria nanella (lesser bud moth); Retithrips syriacus (black vine thrips); Rhizopus stolonifer (bulb rot); Sappaphis piri; Schizothyrium pomi (fly speck: apple); Scolytus amygdali; Stigmella malella (apple pygmy moth); Tetranychus mcdanieli (mcDaniel spider mite); Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite); Valsa ambiens; Venturia carpophila (almond scab)

Uses List

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Environmental

• Revegetation

Fuels

• Fuelwood

Human food and beverage

• Beverage base
• Fruits

Materials

• Wood/timber

Medicinal, pharmaceutical

• Traditional/folklore