Cacopsylla pyri (pear sucker)

Pictures

Picture

Title

Caption

Copyright

Line drawing of body parts

C. pyri. 1. Forewing. 2. Head, dorsal view. 3. Paramere, inner face. 4. Distal portion of aedeagus. 5. Female genitalia, lateral view.

D. Burckhardt

Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

Cacopsylla pyri (Linnaeus, 1758)

Preferred Common Name

pear sucker

Other Scientific Names

Apiopsylla Amyot, 1847
Cacopsylla (Hepatopsylla) pyri (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cacopsylla pyrarboris (Sulc, 1910)
Chermes pyri Linnaeus, 1758
Psylla pyrarboris Sulc, 1910
Psylla pyri (Linnaeus, 1758)
Psylla simulans Haupt, 1935 nec Förster, 1848

International Common Names

English: pear psylla; pear psyllid; psyllid, pear
Spanish: psila de la pera; psilido del peral

Local Common Names

Denmark: paerebladloppe, brunplettet
Finland: päärynäkemppi
France: psylle du poirier
Germany: Birnblattsauger
Netherlands: gevlekte perebladvlo
Norway: päresuger, liten
Sweden: päronbladloppa, mindre

EPPO code

PSYLPI (Cacopsylla pyri)

Taxonomic Tree

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Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Uniramia
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Sternorrhyncha
Unknown: Psylloidea
Family: Psyllidae
Genus: Cacopsylla
Species: Cacopsylla pyri

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Last updated: 12 May 2022

Continent/Country/Region	Distribution	Reference
Africa
Tunisia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2005)
Asia
Armenia	Present	Gegechkori and Loginova (1990) CABI and EPPO (2005)
Azerbaijan	Present	Gegechkori and Loginova (1990) CABI and EPPO (2005)
China	Present	Hodkinson (1984) CABI and EPPO (2005)
-Gansu	Present	Zhang (1997) CABI and EPPO (2005)
Georgia	Present	Gegechkori and Loginova (1990) CABI and EPPO (2005)
Iran	Present	Burckhardt and Lauterer (1993) Mirkarimi (1995) CABI and EPPO (2005)
Kazakhstan	Present	Gegechkori and Loginova (1990) CABI and EPPO (2005)
Syria	Present	Saour et al. (2010)
Turkey	Present	Burckhardt and Önuçar (1993) CABI and EPPO (2005) Serçe et al. (2006) Gazel et al. (2007) EPPO (2022)
Europe
Albania	Present	Isufi and Myrta (1996) CABI and EPPO (2005)
Austria	Present	Hodkinson (1984) CABI and EPPO (2005) Lethmayer et al. (2011)
Belgium	Present	Paternotte (1997) CABI and EPPO (2005)
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Present	Delić et al. (2008) Delic et al. (2005)
Bulgaria	Present	Hodkinson (1984) CABI and EPPO (2005) Etropolska et al. (2015)
Croatia	Present	Ciglar and Barić (1993) CABI and EPPO (2005)
Czechia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2005) Kocourek and Stará (2006) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Czechoslovakia	Present	Hodkinson (1984)
Denmark	Present	Hodkinson (1984) CABI and EPPO (2005)
Estonia	Present	Hodkinson (1984) CABI and EPPO (2005)
Finland	Present	Hodkinson (1984) Ossiannilsson (1992) CABI and EPPO (2005)
France	Present	Hodkinson (1984) CABI and EPPO (2005)
Germany	Present	Hodkinson (1984) CABI and EPPO (2005)
Greece	Present	Hodkinson (1984) CABI and EPPO (2005)
Hungary	Present	Hodkinson (1984) CABI and EPPO (2005) EPPO (2022)
Italy	Present	Hodkinson (1984) Priore (1991) Pasqualini et al. (2002) CABI and EPPO (2005) EPPO (2022)
Malta	Present	EPPO (2022)
Moldova	Present	CABI and EPPO (2005)
Netherlands	Present	Hodkinson (1984) CABI and EPPO (2005)
Norway	Present	Hodkinson (1984) Ossiannilsson (1992) CABI and EPPO (2005)
Poland	Present	Hodkinson (1984) CABI and EPPO (2005)
Portugal	Present	Matias et al. (1994) CABI and EPPO (2005) EPPO (2022)
Romania	Present	Hodkinson (1984) CABI and EPPO (2005)
Russia	Present	Hodkinson (1984) CABI and EPPO (2005)
-Russian Far East	Present	Gegechkori and Loginova (1990) CABI and EPPO (2005)
-Southern Russia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2005)
Serbia	Present	Stamenkovic et al. (2001)
Serbia and Montenegro	Present	CABI and EPPO (2005)
Slovakia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2005)
Slovenia	Present	Milevoj and Krošelj (1995) CABI and EPPO (2005) EPPO (2022)
Spain	Present	Hodkinson (1984) Artigues et al. (1996) CABI and EPPO (2005) EPPO (2022)
Sweden	Present	Hodkinson (1984) Ossiannilsson (1992) CABI and EPPO (2005)
Switzerland	Present	Hodkinson (1984) CABI and EPPO (2005) EPPO (2022)
Ukraine	Present	Hodkinson (1984) CABI and EPPO (2005)
United Kingdom	Present	Hodkinson (1984) CABI and EPPO (2005)

Growth Stages

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Flowering stage, Fruiting stage, Post-harvest, Vegetative growing stage

List of Symptoms/Signs

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Sign	Life Stages	Type
Fruit / honeydew or sooty mould
Inflorescence / honeydew or sooty mould
Leaves / abnormal forms
Leaves / abnormal leaf fall
Leaves / honeydew or sooty mould
Leaves / necrotic areas

Natural enemies

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Natural enemy	Type	Life stages	Biological control in	Biological control on
Adalia bipunctata	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs
Allothrombium fuliginosum	Parasite		France	pears
Anthocoris confusus	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Anthocoris nemoralis	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France; Netherlands	pears
Anthocoris nemorum	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Aphidencyrtus mamitus	Parasite
Atractotomus mali	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs
Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki	Pathogen	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs
Campyloneura virgula	Parasite		France	pears
Chilocorus renipustulatus	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Chrysoperla carnea	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Coccinella septempunctata	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France; Netherlands	pears
Coccinula quatuordecimpustulata	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Coniopteryx borealis	Predator		France	pears
Demetrias atricapillus	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Dendrocerus psyllarum	Parasite
Deraeocoris lutescens	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Deraeocoris ruber	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Episyrphus balteatus	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Forficula auricularia	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs
Formica neoclara	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs
Hemerobius humulinus	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Heterotoma meriopterum	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Himacerus apterus	Predator		France	pears
Lasius pallitarsis	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs
Leptothorax muscorum	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs
Mallada flavifrons	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs
Mallada picteti	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France
Mallada prasina	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Meliscaeva auricollis	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Mimocoris rugicollis			France	pears
Myrmica incompleta	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs
Nabis ferus	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Nabis punctatus	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Oenopia conglobata	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Oenopia lyncea	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Orius horvathi	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Orius laevigatus	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Orius majusculus	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Orius minutus	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Orius niger	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Orius vicinus	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Orthotylus marginalis	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France
Pachyneuron aphidis	Parasite
Pachyneuron muscarum	Parasite
Phytocoris longipennis	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Phytocoris ulmi	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Pilophorus clavatus	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Pilophorus gallicus	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Pilophorus perplexus	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Prionomitus mitratus	Parasite	Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Propylea quatuordecimpunctata	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Psallus ambiguus	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Rhyzobius chrysomeloides	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Scymnus interruptus	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Scymnus rubromaculatus	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Scymnus subvillosus	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Stethorus punctillum	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs
Sympherobius pygmaeus	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Syrphus vitripennis	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Tapinoma sessile	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs
Temnostethus pusillus	Predator	Adults; Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Trechnites psyllae	Parasite	Arthropods\|Nymphs	France	pears
Wesmaelius subnebulosus	Predator		France	pears

References

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Atger P, 1982. The pear psylla. Le psylle du poirier. Paris, France: Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Legumes, 68 pp.

Avinent L; Llßcer G; Almacellas J; Torß R, 1997. Pear decline in Spain. Plant Pathology, 46(5):694-698; 15 ref.

Baldassari N; Baronio P; Nemec V; Rejzek M; Wimmer Z, 1997. Control of Cacopsylla (Psylla) pyri (L.) (Stenorhyncha, Psyllidae) by juvenile hormone analogues. Journal of Applied Entomology, 121(6):343-351; 35 ref.

Berankova J; Kocourek F, 1994. The monitoring of the phenology and population dynamics of the pear psylla (Psylla pyri L.). Ochrana Rostlin, 30(4):283-292

Bouron H, 1987. Pear psyllids. Phytoma, 387:35

Burckhardt D; +nutar A, 1993. A review of Turkish jumping plant lice (Homoptera, Psylloidea). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 100(3):547-574

Burckhardt D; Hodkinson ID, 1986. A revision of the west Palparctic pear psyllids (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 76(1):119-132

Burckhardt D; Lauterer P, 1993. The jumping plant-lice of Iran (Homoptera, Psylloidea). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 100(4):829-898

CABI/EPPO, 2005. Cacopsylla pyri. Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, No. 671. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

Ciglar I; Baric B, 1993. Repelentno djelovanje kunilenta (technico riblje ulje) na odlaganje jaja kruskine buhe Psylla pyri L. (Homoptera: Psyllidae). Fragmenta Phytomedica et Herbologica, 21(1):23-29.

Delic D; Martini M; Ermacora P; Carraro L; Myrta A, 2008. Identification of fruit tree phytoplasmas and their vectors in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Acta Horticulturae [Proceedings of the Twentieth International Symposium on Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Temperate Fruit Crops, Fruit Tree Diseases, Antalya, Turkey, 22-26 May 2006.], No.781:429-433. http://www.actahort.org

Delic, D., Martini, M., Ermacora, P., Carraro, L., Myrta, A., 2005. First report of fruit tree phytoplasmas and their psyllid vectors in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Plant Pathology, 87(2), 150.

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Geoffrion R, 1984. Pear psyllids - history, economic importance. Bulletin SROP, 7(5):13-15

Girantet T; Goebel O; Roubaud G; Vergnet C, 1997. La lutte contre les formes hivarnantes des ravageurs: intérOt d'une huile blanche en arboriculture fruitiFre. In: QuatriFme Conférence Internationale sur les Ravageurs en Agriculture, 6-8 janvier 1997, le Corum, Montpellier, France. Paris, France: ANPP, 2:275-282.

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Lethmayer, C., Hermann, HAUSDORF, Suarez-Mahecha, B., Reisenzein, H., 2011. The importance of psyllids (Hemiptera psyllidae) as vectors of phytoplasmas in pome and stone fruit trees in Austria. Bulletin of Insectology, 64(Supplement), S255-S256. http://www.bulletinofinsectology.org/

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Lyoussoufi A; Rieux R; Armand E; Faivre d'Arcier F; Sauphanor B, 1994. The entomophagous fauna of pear psyllids (Homoptera: Psyllidae) in Europe. Bibliographic review: I. Arachnids, paraneopteran and polyneopteran insects. Bulletin OILB/SROP, 17(2):86-92

Lyoussoufi A; Rieux R; Armand E; Faivre d'Arcier F; Sauphanor B, 1994. The entomophagous fauna of pear psyllids (Homoptera: Psyllidae) in Europe. Bibliographic review: II. Oligoneopteran insect predators. Bulletin OILB/SROP, 17(2):93-98

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Mirkarimi A, 1995. An investigation on the oviposition behavior and ontogeny of Prionomitus mitratus Dalm. (Hym. Encyrtidae), parasitoid of Psylla pyri L (Hom. Psyllidae) in the laboratory. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26(2):82-92; 10 ref.

Nin S; Ferri A; Sacchetti P; Giordani E, 2012. Pear resistance to psilla (Cacopsylla pyri L.). A review. Advances in Horticultural Science, 26(2):59-74. http://www.unifi.it/unifi/dofi/advances/advances.html

Ossiannilsson F, 1992. The Psylloidea (Homoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Leiden, Netherlands; E.J. Brill, 347 pp.

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Pasqualini, E., Civolani, S., Grappadelli, L. C., 2002. Particle Film Technology: approach for a biorational control of Cacopsylla pyri (Rhynchota Psyllidae) in Northern Italy. Bulletin of Insectology, 55(1/2), 39-42.

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Saour G; Ismail H; Hashem A, 2010. Impact of kaolin particle film, spirodiclofen acaricide, harpin protein, and an organic biostimulant on pear psylla Cacopsylla pyri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). International Journal of Pest Management, 56(1):75-79. http://journalsonline.tandf.co.uk/link.asp?id=100665

Schaub L; Bloesch B; Bencheikh M; Pigeaud A, Polesny F (ed. ), Muller W, Olszak RW, 1996. Spatial distribution of teflubenzuron resistance by pear psylla in western Switzerland. In: International Conference on Integrated Fruit Production, Cedzyna, Poland, 28 August-2 September 1995. Bulletin OILB SROP, 19(4):311-314.

Schaub L; Bloesch B; Pittet O; Rippstein F, 1997. La resistance des psylles du poirier a l'amitraze menace. Revue Suisse de Viticulture, d'Arboriculture et d'Horticulture, 29(3):143-144.

Serçe, Ç. U., Gazel, M., Çaglayan, K., Baș, M., Son, L., 2006. Phytoplasma diseases of fruit trees in germplasm and commercial orchards in Turkey. Journal of Plant Pathology, 88(2), 179-185. http://www.agr.unipi.it/sipav/jpp/index.html

Szeoke K, 1995. Control of pear psyllid (Psylla pyri L.) by using Dimilin 25 WP and Hyspray. Novenyvedelem, 31(5):233-234

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