Datasheet
Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 (bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops)
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Identity
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Preferred Scientific Name Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 (Smith 1896) Yabuuchi et al. 1996 Preferred Common Name bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops Other Scientific Names Burkholderia solanacearum race 1 (Smith 1896) Yabuuchi et al. 1992 Pseudomonas solanacearum race 1 (Smith 1896) Smith 1914 International Common Names English:
granville wilt of tobacco; southern bacterial wilt of tomatoSpanish:
marchitez bacteriana del tabaco; marchitez del tomateFrench:
bactériose vasculaire des solanacées; flétrissement bactérien de la tomate; flétrissement bactérien du tabacPortuguese:
murcha-bacteriana; murchadeiraLocal Common Names EPPO code PSDMSO (Ralstonia solanacearum race 1)
Taxonomic Tree
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Domain: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Betaproteobacteria Order: Burkholderiales Family: Ralstoniaceae Genus: Ralstonia Species: Ralstonia solanacearum race 1
Distribution
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R. solanacearum is comprises sub-populations variously reported as groups, races, biovars, biotypes, sub-races and strains. The commonly applied terms biovar and biotype refer to differences in biochemical and phage reactions (
Hayward, 1962 ). Races, distinguished on the basis of differences in plant host range (
Buddenhagen et al., 1962 ), are usually referred to in this text. The distribution is given for confirmed Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 or presumed race 1 based on host range. This race has a wider host range than race 3 and a higher temperature optimum (35-37°C).
Distribution Table Top of page The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.
Last updated: 23 Apr 2020
Continent/Country/Region
Distribution
Last Reported
Origin
First Reported
Invasive
Reference
Notes
Africa
Angola Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Burundi Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Cameroon Present, Widespread EPPO (2020)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Côte d'Ivoire Present EPPO (2020)
Egypt Present EPPO (2020)
Ethiopia Present CABI and EPPO (1999) ; EPPO (2020)
Gambia Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Kenya Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Libya Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Madagascar Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Mali Present Thera et al. (2010) ; EPPO (2020)
Mauritius Present CABI and EPPO (1999) ; EPPO (2020)
Morocco Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Nigeria Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Rwanda Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Senegal Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Sierra Leone Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Somalia Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
South Africa Present, Localized CABI and EPPO (1999)
Tanzania Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Uganda Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Zambia Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Zimbabwe Present, Localized CABI and EPPO (1999)
Asia
Bangladesh Present, Widespread CABI and EPPO (1999)
China Present, Localized CABI and EPPO (1999) ; EPPO (2020)
-Anhui Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Fujian Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Guangdong Present, Widespread CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Guangxi Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Hebei Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Henan Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Hubei Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Hunan Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Jiangsu Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Jiangxi Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Shandong Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Sichuan Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Yunnan Present CABI and EPPO (1999) ; EPPO (2020)
-Zhejiang Present CABI and EPPO (1999) ; EPPO (2020)
Georgia Present, Localized CABI and EPPO (1999)
Hong Kong Present, Few occurrences CABI and EPPO (1999)
India Present, Widespread CABI and EPPO (1999) ; EPPO (2020)
-Andaman and Nicobar Islands Present EPPO (2020)
-Andhra Pradesh Present CABI and EPPO (1999) ; EPPO (2020)
-Assam Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Himachal Pradesh Present CABI and EPPO (1999) ; EPPO (2020)
-Karnataka Present CABI and EPPO (1999) ; Chandrashekara et al. (2011) ; EPPO (2020)
-Kerala Present CABI and EPPO (1999) ; EPPO (2020)
-Maharashtra Present CABI and EPPO (1999) ; EPPO (2020)
-Nagaland Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Odisha Present CABI and EPPO (1999) ; EPPO (2020)
-Punjab Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Tamil Nadu Present EPPO (2020)
-Uttar Pradesh Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-West Bengal Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Indonesia Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Irian Jaya Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Java Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Sulawesi Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Sumatra Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Iran Present CABI and EPPO (1999) ; EPPO (2020)
Japan Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Honshu Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Lebanon Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Malaysia Present, Widespread CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Sabah Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Sarawak Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Myanmar Present CABI and EPPO (1999) ; EPPO (2020)
North Korea Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Singapore Present CABI and EPPO (1999) ; CABI (Undated) ;
South Korea Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Sri Lanka Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Taiwan Present, Widespread CABI and EPPO (1999) ; EPPO (2020)
Thailand Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Turkey Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Vietnam Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Europe
Bulgaria Absent, Formerly present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Italy Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) CABI and EPPO (1999)
Netherlands Present, Transient under eradication CABI and EPPO (1999) ; NPPO of the Netherlands (2013) ; EPPO (2020)
Poland Absent, Formerly present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Romania Absent, Formerly present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Russia Present, Localized CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Eastern Siberia Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Russian Far East Present, Localized CABI (Undated)
-Southern Russia Present, Localized CABI and EPPO (1999)
Switzerland Absent, Eradicated EPPO (2020)
Ukraine Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
North America
Belize Present, Widespread CABI and EPPO (1999)
Costa Rica Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Cuba Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Dominican Republic Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Guadeloupe Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Guatemala Present CABI and EPPO (1999) ; EPPO (2020)
Martinique Present, Widespread CABI and EPPO (1999)
Mexico Present, Localized CABI and EPPO (1999)
Panama Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Puerto Rico Present Romero et al. (2013)
United States Present, Widespread CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Alabama Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Florida Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Georgia Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Hawaii Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-North Carolina Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Oceania
Australia Present, Localized CABI and EPPO (1999)
-New South Wales Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Northern Territory Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Queensland Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-South Australia Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Western Australia Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Fiji Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Papua New Guinea Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
South America
Brazil Present CABI and EPPO (1999) ; EPPO (2020)
-Amazonas Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Goias Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
-Pernambuco Present EPPO (2020)
Colombia Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
French Guiana Present EPPO (2020)
Guyana Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Peru Present CABI and EPPO (1999)
Uruguay Present, Widespread CABI and EPPO (1999)
Hosts/Species Affected
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Lists of host records have been recorded (
Kelman, 1953 ;
Bradbury, 1986 ;
Persley, 1986 ;
Hayward, 1994 ) but the original reports, gathered over many years, vary greatly in reliability. Few reference strains of race 1 from reported host plants have been deposited in publicly accessible culture collections to support the authenticity of records. There are many solanaceous and non-solanaceous plant species that are hosts to R. solanacearum. They can only be ascribed to known and possibly novel races when strains from them are isolated and examined.
References
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Bradbury JF, 1986. Guide to Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
Buddenhagen IW; Sequeira L; Kelman A, 1962. Designation of races of Pseudomonas solanacearum. Phytopathology, 52:726.
CABI; EPPO, 1999. Ralstonia solanacearum race 1. [Distribution map]. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, April (Edition 1). Wallingford, UK: CAB International, Map 783.
Chandrashekara KN; Prasannakumar MK; Deepa M; Vani A, 2011. Coleus, a new host for Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 biovar 3 in India. Journal of Plant Pathology, 93(1):233-235. http://sipav.org/main/jpp/index.php/jpp/article/view/298/164
EPPO, 2014. PQR database. Paris, France: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. http://www.eppo.int/DATABASES/pqr/pqr.htm
EPPO, 2016. EPPO Global database (available online). Paris, France: EPPO. https://gd.eppo.int/
Hayward AC, 1964. Characteristics of Pseudomonas solanacearum. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 27:265-277.
Hayward AC, 1994. The hosts of Pseudomonas solanacearum. In: Hayward AC, Hartman GL, eds. Bacterial wilt: The Disease and its Causative Agent, Pseudomonas solanacearum. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 9-24.
Kelman A, 1953. The bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum. A literary review and bibliography. Technical Bulletin of North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, No. 99.
Lemessa F; Zeller W, 2006. Biological control of potato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in Ethiopia: determination of biovars of Ralstonia solanacearum. Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft [Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Biological Control of Bacterial Plant Diseases, Seeheim, Darmstadt, Germany, 23-26 October, 2005.], No.408:119-120.
Persley GJ, 1986. Ecology of Pseudomonas solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt. In: Persley GJ, ed. Proceedings of an International Workshop held at PCARRD, Los Banos, Philippines 8-10 October 1985. ACIAR Proceedings, 13, 71-76.
Romero GC; Estévez de Jensen C; Palmateer AJ, 2013. First report of tomato wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 1 in Puerto Rico. Plant Health Progress, No.April:PHP-2013-0418-01-BR. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/php/elements/sum.aspx?id=10624&photo=5938
Thera AT; Jacobsen BJ; Neher OT, 2010. Bacterial wilt of solanaceae caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 biovar 3 in Mali. Plant Disease, 94(3):372. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis
Distribution References CABI, EPPO, 1999. Ralstonia solanacearum race 1. [Distribution map]. In: Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, Wallingford, UK: CAB International. Map 783.
CABI, Undated. Compendium record. Wallingford, UK: CABI
CABI, Undated a. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. Wallingford, UK: CABI
Chandrashekara K N, Prasannakumar M K, Deepa M, Vani A, 2011. Coleus, a new host for Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 biovar 3 in India. Journal of Plant Pathology. 93 (1), 233-235. http://sipav.org/main/jpp/index.php/jpp/article/view/298/164
EPPO, 2020. EPPO Global database. In: EPPO Global database, Paris, France: EPPO.
NPPO of the Netherlands, 2013. Pest status of harmful organisms in the Netherlands., Wageningen, Netherlands:
Romero G C, Estévez de Jensen C, Palmateer A J, 2013. First report of tomato wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum biovar 1 in Puerto Rico. Plant Health Progress. PHP-2013-0418-01-BR. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/php/elements/sum.aspx?id=10624&photo=5938
Thera A T, Jacobsen B J, Neher O T, 2010. Bacterial wilt of solanaceae caused by Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 biovar 3 in Mali. Plant Disease. 94 (3), 372. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis DOI:10.1094/PDIS-94-3-0372B
Distribution Maps
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