Paratrichodorus porosus

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P. porosus

Line drawing of P. porosus - A. Amphid. B. Oesophageal region of female. C. Stylet region of female. D. Basal oesophageal region of male. E. Tale end of male. F. Oesophageal region of male. G. En face view of female. H. Entire female. I-J. Lateral and ventral views of vulva region showing vulva and ventromedian advulval body pores.

M.R. Siddiqi

Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

Paratrichodorus porosus (Allen, 1957) Siddiqi, 1974

Other Scientific Names

Atlantadorus porosus (Allen, 1957) Siddiqi, 1980
Paratrichodorus (Atlantadorus) porosus (Allen, 1957) Siddiqi, 1974
Trichodorus bucrius Lordello & Zamith, 1958
Trichodorus porosus Allen, 1957

EPPO code

TRIHPS (Paratrichodorus porosus)

Taxonomic Tree

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Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Nematoda
Family: Trichodoridae
Genus: Paratrichodorus
Species: Paratrichodorus porosus

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Last updated: 17 Feb 2021

Continent/Country/Region	Distribution	Reference	Notes
Africa
South Africa	Present, Widespread	CABI (Undated) CABI and EPPO (2009)	Original citation: Vermeulen & Heyns 1983, 1985
Asia
China	Present	Liu and Cheng (1990) CABI and EPPO (2009)
-Fujian	Present	CABI and EPPO (2009)
-Yunnan	Present	CABI and EPPO (2009)
-Zhejiang	Absent, Intercepted only	CABI and EPPO (2009)
India	Present	CABI and EPPO (2009) Vyas et al. (2008)
-Rajasthan	Present	CABI and EPPO (2009) Vyas et al. (2008)
-Sikkim	Present	CABI and EPPO (2009)
-Uttar Pradesh	Present	Siddiqi (1962) CABI and EPPO (2009)
-West Bengal	Present	CABI and EPPO (2009)
Iran	Present	CABI and EPPO (2009) Pedram et al. (2015)	Gilan
Japan	Present, Widespread	MAMIYA (1967) Nishizawa (1975) Shishida (1979) CABI and EPPO (2009)
-Honshu	Present	CABI and EPPO (2009)
-Shikoku	Present	CABI and EPPO (2009)
South Korea	Present	Lee (1976) CABI and EPPO (2009)
Sri Lanka	Present	CABI and EPPO (2009)
Uzbekistan	Present	Bratus' (1976) CABI and EPPO (2009)
Vietnam	Present	Chau (1997) CABI and EPPO (2009)
Europe
Italy	Present	CABI and EPPO (2009)
Portugal	Present	Sturhan (1973) CABI and EPPO (2009)
-Azores	Present	Sturhan (1973) CABI and EPPO (2009)
-Madeira	Present	Sturhan (1973) CABI and EPPO (2009)
Russia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2009)
-Central Russia	Present	Bratus' (1976) CABI and EPPO (2009)
United Kingdom	Absent, Intercepted only	CABI and EPPO (2009)
North America
Costa Rica	Present	CABI and EPPO (2009)
United States	Present	CABI and EPPO (2009) Reighard et al. (2019)
-Alabama	Present	ALLEN (1957) CABI and EPPO (2009)
-Arkansas	Present	Decraemer (1995) CABI and EPPO (2009)
-California	Present, Widespread	ALLEN (1957) CABI and EPPO (2009)
-Florida	Present, Widespread	Decraemer (1995) CABI and EPPO (2009)
-Hawaii	Present	ALLEN (1957) CABI and EPPO (2009)
-Michigan	Present	Decraemer (1995) CABI and EPPO (2009)
-New Jersey	Present	Decraemer (1995) CABI and EPPO (2009)
-North Carolina	Present, Widespread	CHÉVRESROMÁN et al. (1971) CABI and EPPO (2009)
-South Carolina	Present	CHÉVRESROMÁN et al. (1971) CABI and EPPO (2009) Reighard et al. (2019)
-Tennessee	Present	Decraemer (1995) CABI and EPPO (2009)
Oceania
Australia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2009) Sheedy et al. (2010)
-New South Wales	Present, Widespread	Anderson (1965) McLeod (1979) CABI and EPPO (2009)
-Queensland	Present	CABI and EPPO (2009) Sheedy et al. (2010)
-Western Australia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2009)
Papua New Guinea	Present	CABI and EPPO (2009)
South America
Brazil	Present	CABI and EPPO (2009)
-Bahia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2009)
-Sao Paulo	Present, Widespread	Lordello and Zamith (1958) Gomes Carneiro et al. (1980) CABI and EPPO (2009)
Chile	Present	CABI and EPPO (2009) Aballay and Eriksson (2006)

Growth Stages

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Seedling stage, Vegetative growing stage

List of Symptoms/Signs

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Sign	Life Stages	Type
Fruit / premature drop
Leaves / abnormal colours
Leaves / abnormal patterns
Leaves / wilting
Roots / reduced root system
Roots / soft rot of cortex
Roots / stubby roots
Stems / dieback
Whole plant / dwarfing
Whole plant / plant dead; dieback

Pathway Vectors

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Vector	Notes	Long Distance	Local	References
Land vehicles	With soil	Yes
Soil, sand and gravel		Yes

Plant Trade

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Plant parts liable to carry the pest in trade/transport	Pest stages	Borne externally	Visibility of pest or symptoms
Growing medium accompanying plants	nematodes/adults; nematodes/eggs; nematodes/juveniles	Yes	Pest or symptoms not visible to the naked eye but usually visible under light microscope
Roots	nematodes/adults; nematodes/eggs; nematodes/juveniles	Yes	Pest or symptoms not visible to the naked eye but usually visible under light microscope
Seedlings/Micropropagated plants	nematodes/adults; nematodes/eggs; nematodes/juveniles	Yes	Pest or symptoms not visible to the naked eye but usually visible under light microscope

Plant parts not known to carry the pest in trade/transport
Bark
Bulbs/Tubers/Corms/Rhizomes
Flowers/Inflorescences/Cones/Calyx
Fruits (inc. pods)
Leaves
Stems (above ground)/Shoots/Trunks/Branches
True seeds (inc. grain)
Wood

References

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Aballay, E., Eriksson, B., 2006. Trichodorid nematodes in the central area of Chile. Nematologia Mediterranea, 34(1), 43-48.

Allen MW, 1957. A review of the nematode genus Trichodorus with descriptions of ten new species. Nematologica, 2:32-62.

Anderson EJ, 1965. Plant-parasitic nematodes in fruit trees nurseries of New South Wales. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 90:225-230

Ayala A; Allen MW, 1966. Transmission of the Californian tobacco rattle virus by three species of the nematode genus Trichodorus. Nematologica, 12:87.

Ayala A; Allen MW, 1968. Transmission of the California tobacco rattle virus, CTRV. by three species of the nematode genus Trichodorus. Journal of Agriculture, University of Puerto Rico, 52:101-125.

AYALA A; ALLEN MW; NOFFSINGER EM, 1970. Host range, biology, and factors affecting survival and reproduction of the stubby root nematode. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico, 54:341-369.

Barriga R, 1965. Parasitism of Camellias by some nematode species. Nematologica, 34:34.

Bird GW, 1971. Digestive system of Trichodorus porosus. Journal of Nematology 3(1):50-57.

Bratus' EI, 1976. The nematode fauna of onion and its rhizosphere in the Tashkent area. VIII Vsesoyuznoe soveshchanie no nematodnym boleznyam sel'skokhozyaistvennykh kul'tur. Tezisy dokladov i soobshchenii. Kishinev, USSR: Izdatel'stvo "Shtiintsa", 127-128.

CABI/EPPO, 2009. Paratrichodorus porosus. [Distribution map]. Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, No.October. Wallingford, UK: CABI, Map 1066 (Edition 1).

Carneiro RMDG; Carneiro RG; Monteiro AR, 1982. Vertical distribution of four sugarcane nematodes in relation to soil factors. In: : Lordello LGE, ed. Trabalhos apresentados a VI reuniao Brasileira de nematologia, 8-12 fevereiro de 1982, Fortaleza. Publicacao No. 6. Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil: Sociedade Brasileira de Nematologia, 117-132

Chau NN, 1997. On some trichodorids (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) from Vietnam. International Journal of Nematology, 7(1):80-84; 10 ref.

Chévres-Román R; Gross HD; Sasser JN, 1971. Influence of selected nematode species and number of consecutive plantings of corn and sorghum on forage production, chemical composition and plant and soil, and water use efficiency. Nematropica, 1(2):40-41.

Decraemer W, 1995. The family Trichodoridae: stubby root and virus vector nematodes. The family Trichodoridae: stubby root and virus vector nematodes., xvi + 360 pp.; [Developments In Plant Pathology 6]; 15 pp. of ref.

Gomes Carneiro RMD; Lordello LGE; Gomes Carneiro R; Rocha Monteiro A, 1980. Population fluctuations of four nematode species parasitic on sugar-cane in relation to rainfall and soil humidity. In: Lordello LGE, ed. Trabalhos apresentados a IV Reuniao Brasileira de Nematologia, 16-20 de julho de 1979, Sao Paulo. Publicacao No. 4. Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil: Sociedade Brasileira de Nematologia,127-141

Heyns J, 1975. Paratrichodorus christei. CIH Descriptions of Plant-parasitic Nematodes, Set 5, No. 69. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 4 pp.

Khan TH; Jairajpuri MS; Ahmad W, 1989. Descriptions of some new and known species of dorylaim nematodes. Nematologica, 35(4):419-437; 13 ref.

Lee YB, 1976. Two genera of Trichodoridae (Trichodoroidea: Nematoda) new to Korea. Korean Journal of Plant Protection, 15(2):75-78

Liu R; Cheng H, 1990. Occurrence of trichodorid species (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) in China. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 13:50-54.

Lordello LGE; Zamith APL, 1958. Nota sobre género Trichodorus Cobb, 1913, com descritâo de Trichodorus bucrius sp. n. (Nematoda: Dorylaimoidea). Ann. Acad. Brs. Sci., 30:103-105.

Mamiya Y, 1967. Descriptive notes on three species of Trichodorus (Dorylaimida: Trichodoridae) from forest nurseries in Japan. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2:61-68.

McLeod RW, 1979. Plant parasitic and soil nematodes found in New South Wales. Department of Agriculture, New South Wales. Science Bulletin, 87:1-48.

Nishizawa T, 1973. Pathogenicity of Trichodorus porosus to Chinese yam. Japanese Journal of Nematology, 3:33-37

Nishizawa T, 1973. Study of the causal agents of the black scurf-like syndrome of Chinese yam by inoculation experiments. 17th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Nagano, Japan 3-5 April 1973, 136

Nishizawa T, 1975. Investigation on morphological variation, reproduction and host range of Paratrichodorus (Atlantadorus) porosus. Japanese Journal of Nematology, 5:26-31

Pedram M; Pourjam E; Panahandeh Y; Soleymanzadeh M; Atighi MR; Roshan-Bakhsh A; Ehsani A, 2015. Additional data on Iranian trichodorids (Triplonchida: Trichodoridae) and proposal for a new synonymy. Nematology, 17(10):1185-1191. http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/15685411-00002933

Reighard, G. L., Henderson, W. G., Scott, S. O., Subbotin, S. A., 2019. First report of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne floridensis infecting Guardian® Peach Rootstock in South Carolina, USA. Journal of Nematology, 51 doi: 10.21307/jofnem-2019-061

Sheedy JG; Clewett TG; Hodda M; Thompson JP, 2010. First record of stubby-root nematode (Paratrichodorus porosus) associated with barley in Australia. Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 5(1):66-69. http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/208.htm

Shishida Y, 1979. Studies on nematodes parasitic on woody plants. 1. Family Trichodoridae (Thorne, 1933) Clark, 1961. Japanese Journal of Nematology, 9:28-44

Siddiqi MR, 1962. Trichodorus pakistanensis n.sp. (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) with observations on T. porosus Allen, 1957, T. mirzai Siddiqi, 1960, and T. minor Colbran, 1956, from India. Nematologica, 8:193-200.

Siddiqi MR, 1980. On the generic status of Atlantadorus Siddiqi, 1974 and Nanidorus Siddiqi, 1974 (Nematoda: Trichodoridae). Systematic Parasitology, 1(2):151-152

Sturhan D, 1973. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreise auf die Azoren 1969. II. Zur Nematodenfauna der Azoren. Bolm. Mus. munic. Funchal., 27:18-25.

Vermeulen WJJ; Heyns J, 1983. Studies on Trichodoridae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from South Africa. Phytophylactica, 15(1):17-34

Vermeulen WJJ; Heyns J, 1985. Further studies on southern African Trichodoridae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). Phytophylactica, 16:301-305.

Vyas, N., Kadela, P., Nama, P., Deepika, Y., 2008. Community analysis of plant-parasitic nematodes in and around IGNP region of Jaisalmer, Rajasthan. Journal of Experimental Zoology, India, 11(2), 415-417.

Distribution References

Aballay E, Eriksson B, 2006. Trichodorid nematodes in the central area of Chile. Nematologia Mediterranea. 34 (1), 43-48.

ALLEN M W, 1957. A review of the nematode genus Trichodorus with descriptions of ten new species. Nematologica. 2 (1), 32-62.

Anderson E J, 1965. Plant parasitic nematodes in fruit tree nurseries of New South Wales. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 225-230.

Bratus' E I, 1976. The nematode fauna of onion and its rhizosphere in the Tashkent area. In: VIII Vsesoyuznoe soveshchanie no nematodnym boleznyam sel'skokhozyaistvennykh kul'tur. Tezisy dokladov i soobshchenii. Kishinev, USSR: Izdatel'stvo "Shtiintsa". 127-128.

CABI, EPPO, 2009. Paratrichodorus porosus. [Distribution map]. In: Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, Wallingford, UK: CABI. Map 1066 (Edition 1). DOI:10.1079/DMPD/20093245825

CABI, Undated. Compendium record. Wallingford, UK: CABI

CABI, Undated a. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. Wallingford, UK: CABI

Chau N N, 1997. On some trichodorids (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) from Vietnam. International Journal of Nematology. 7 (1), 80-84.

CHÉVRESROMÁN R, GROSS H D, SASSER J N, 1971. The influence of selected nematode species and number of consecutive plantings of corn and sorghum on forage production, chemical composition of plant and soil, and water use efficiency. Nematropica. 1 (2), 40-41, 46.

Decraemer W, 1995. The family Trichodoridae: stubby root and virus vector nematodes. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. xvi + 360 pp.

Gomes Carneiro R M D, Lordello L G E, Gomes Carneiro R, Rocha Monteiro A, 1980. Population fluctuations of four nematode species parasitic on sugar-cane in relation to rainfall and soil humidity. (Flutuacao populacional de quatro especies de nematoides parasitos da cana de acucar (Saccharum officiarum L.) em relacao a pluviosidade e umidade do solo.). In: Trabalhos apresentados a IV Reuniao Brasileira de Nematologia, 16-20 de julho de 1979, Sao Paulo. Publicacao No. 4. [ed. by : Lordello L G E]. Piracicaba, SP, Brazil: Sociedade Brasileira de Nematologia. 127-141.

Lee Y B, 1976. Two genera of Trichodoridae (Trichodoroidea: Nematoda) new to Korea. Korean Journal of Plant Protection. 15 (2), 75-78.

Liu R, Cheng H, 1990. Occurrence of trichodorid species (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) in China. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University. 13 (2), 50-54.

Lordello LGE, Zamith APL, 1958. (Nota sobre género Trichodorus Cobb, 1913, com descritâo de Trichodorus bucrius sp. n. (Nematoda: Dorylaimoidea)). In: Ann. Acad. Brs. Sci. 30 103-105.

MAMIYA Y, 1967. Descriptive notes on three species of Trichodorus (Dorylaimida: Trichodoridae) from forest nurseries in Japan. Applied Entomology and Zoology. 2 (2), 61-68.

McLeod R W, 1979. Plant parasitic and soil nematodes found in New South Wales. In: Science Bulletin, Department of Agriculture, New South Wales, 48 pp.

Nishizawa T, 1975. Investigation on morphological variation, reproduction and host range of Paratrichodorus (Atlantadorus) porosus. Japanese Journal of Nematology. 26-31.

Pedram M, Pourjam E, Panahandeh Y, Soleymanzadeh M, Atighi M R, Roshan-Bakhsh A, Ehsani A, 2015. Additional data on Iranian trichodorids (Triplonchida: Trichodoridae) and proposal for a new synonymy. Nematology. 17 (10), 1185-1191. http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/15685411-00002933 DOI:10.1163/15685411-00002933

Reighard G L, Henderson W G, Scott S O, Subbotin S A, 2019. First report of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne floridensis infecting Guardian® Peach Rootstock in South Carolina, USA. Journal of Nematology. DOI:10.21307/jofnem-2019-061

Sheedy J G, Clewett T G, Hodda M, Thompson J P, 2010. First record of stubby-root nematode (Paratrichodorus porosus) associated with barley in Australia. Australasian Plant Disease Notes. 5 (1), 66-69. http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/208.htm DOI:10.1071/DN10024

Shishida Y, 1979. Studies on nematodes parasitic on woody plants. 1. Family Trichodoridae (Thorne, 1933) Clark, 1961. Japanese Journal of Nematology. 28-44.

Siddiqi MR, 1962. Trichodorus pakistanensis n.sp. (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) with observations on T. porosus Allen, 1957, T. mirzai Siddiqi, 1960, and T. minor Colbran, 1956, from India. In: Nematologica, 8 193-200.

Sturhan D, 1973. Results of the study tour to the Azores 1969. International study project of the Makaronesian area. II. Nematode fauna of the Azores. (Ergebnisse der Forschungsreise auf die Azoren 1969. Internationales Forschungsprojekt Makaronesischer Raum. II. Zur Nematodenfauna der Azoren.). Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal. 18-25.

Vyas N, Kadela P, Nama P, Deepika Y, 2008. Community analysis of plant-parasitic nematodes in and around IGNP region of Jaisalmer, Rajasthan. Journal of Experimental Zoology, India. 11 (2), 415-417.

Distribution Maps

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Paratrichodorus porosus

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