Lygus lineolaris (tarnished plant bug)

Pictures

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Picture

Title

Caption

Copyright

Adult

Lygus lineolaris (tarnished plant bug); adult, on a clover leaf. USA.

Public Domain - released by the USDA-ARS/original image by Scott Bauer

Nymph

Lygus lineolaris (tarnished plant bug); nymph, ca.6mm in length - a serious pest of alfalfa being grown for seed. USA.

Public Domain - released by the USDA-ARS/original image by Scott Bauer

Nymph

Lygus lineolaris (tarnished plant bug); nymph, ca.6mm in length. USA.

Public Domain - released by the USDA-ARS/original image by Scott Bauer

Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois, 1818

Preferred Common Name

tarnished plant bug

Other Scientific Names

Capsus flavonotatus Provancher, 1872
Capsus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois, 1818
Capsus oblineatus Say, 1832
Capsus strigulatus Walker, 1873
Lygus pratensis var. rubidus Knight, 1917

International Common Names

English: plant bug, tarnished
Spanish: chinche; chinche ligus (Mexico)
French: punaise terne

EPPO code

LYGULI (Lygus lineolaris)

Taxonomic Tree

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Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Uniramia
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Heteroptera
Family: Miridae
Genus: Lygus
Species: Lygus lineolaris

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Continent/Country/Region	Distribution	Reference
Asia
Georgia (Republic of)	Present
North America
Bermuda	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
Canada	Restricted distribution	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Alberta	Restricted distribution	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-British Columbia	Restricted distribution	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Manitoba	Restricted distribution	Turnock et al., 1995; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-New Brunswick	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Newfoundland and Labrador	Restricted distribution	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Nova Scotia	Present	Boivin et al., 1991; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Ontario	Restricted distribution	Juzwik and Hubbes, 1986; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Prince Edward Island	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Quebec	Restricted distribution	Roy and Vincent, 1987; Boivin et al., 1991; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Saskatchewan	Restricted distribution	Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; Bidochka et al., 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
Mexico	Restricted distribution	Machain, 1973; Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
USA	Widespread	Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Alabama	Present	Fleischer et al., 1988; Stewart and Gaylor, 1991; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Alaska	Present	Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Arizona	Present	Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Arkansas	Present	Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; Hopkins and Donaldson, 1996; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-California	Present	Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Colorado	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Connecticut	Present	Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Delaware	Present	Graham and Debolt, 1986; Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-District of Columbia	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Florida	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Georgia	Present	Hopkins and Donaldson, 1996; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Idaho	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Illinois	Present	Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; McPherson et al., 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Indiana	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Iowa	Present	Williams et al., 1987; Olson and Wilson, 1990; Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Kansas	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Kentucky	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Louisiana	Present	Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; Layton, 1995; Holloway et al., 1998; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Maine	Present	Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; Handley et al., 1993; McCue et al., 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Maryland	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Massachusetts	Present	Coli et al., 1985; Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Michigan	Present	Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; Hopkins and Donaldson, 1996; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Minnesota	Present	Strauss, 1987; Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Mississippi	Present	Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; Bagwell, 1996; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Missouri	Present	Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; Bagwell, 1996; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Montana	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Nebraska	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Nevada	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-New Hampshire	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-New Jersey	Present	Day, 1987; Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; Carignan et al., 1995; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-New Mexico	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-New York	Present	Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; Spangler et al., 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-North Carolina	Present	Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-North Dakota	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Ohio	Present	Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; Tonhasca, 1994; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Oklahoma	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Oregon	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Pennsylvania	Present	Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Rhode Island	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-South Carolina	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-South Dakota	Present	Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Tennessee	Present	Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; Bagwell, 1996; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Texas	Present	Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; Hopkins and Donaldson, 1996; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Utah	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Vermont	Present	Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Virginia	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Washington	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-West Virginia	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Wisconsin	Present	Walstrom, 1983; Peterson et al., 1992; Schwartz and Foottit, 1992; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
-Wyoming	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
Central America and Caribbean
El Salvador	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
Guatemala	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
Honduras	Present	CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014
Europe
Netherlands	Absent, confirmed by survey	EPPO, 2014

Growth Stages

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List of Symptoms/Signs

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Sign	Life Stages	Type
Fruit / abnormal patterns
Fruit / abnormal shape
Fruit / discoloration
Fruit / lesions: on pods
Fruit / premature drop
Growing point / dieback
Growing point / distortion
Growing point / lesions
Inflorescence / blight; necrosis
Inflorescence / discoloration (non-graminaceous plants)
Inflorescence / distortion (non-graminaceous plants)
Inflorescence / fall or shedding
Leaves / abnormal colours
Seeds / distortion
Seeds / empty grains
Seeds / lesions on seeds
Seeds / shrivelled
Stems / discoloration of bark
Whole plant / distortion; rosetting
Whole plant / dwarfing

Natural enemies

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Natural enemy	Type	Life stages	Biological control in	Biological control on
Alopecosa helluo	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Anaphes iole	Predator/parasite	Eggs
Beauveria bassiana	Pathogen	Adults
Erythmelus miridiphagus	Predator/parasite	Eggs
Euphoriana lygivora	Parasite	Adults/Nymphs
Jalysus wickhami	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Lasioerythraeus johnstoni	Parasite
Leiophron schusteri	Parasite	Adults/Nymphs
Leiophron uniformis	Predator/parasite	Nymphs
Lycosa antelucana	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Nabicula subcoleoptrata	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Nabis roseipennis	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Orius insidiosus	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Oxyopes salticus	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Pardosa milvina	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Peristenus digoneutis	Predator/parasite	Nymphs	New Jersey; New York; USA	Medicago sativa
Peristenus pallipes	Predator/parasite	Nymphs
Peristenus pseudopallipes	Predator/parasite	Nymphs
Phasia aeneoventris	Predator/parasite	Adults
Phidippus audax	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Philodromus praelustris	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Phymata pennsylvanica	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Podisus maculiventris	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Polymerus basalis	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Polynema pratensiphagum	Parasite
Stiretrus anchorago	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Thiodina puerpera	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Xysticus punctatus	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Zelus tetracanthus	Predator	Adults/Nymphs

References

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Bagwell RD, 1996. Managing resistance - what can we do now? In: 1996 Proceedings Beltwide Cotton Conferences, Volume 1. Memphis, USA: National Cotton Council, 118-124.

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Boivin G; Blanc JPR le; Adams JA, 1991. Spatial dispersion and sequential sampling plan for the tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) on celery. Journal of Economic Entomology, 84(1):158-164.

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Boyd ML; Lentz GL, 1999. Seasonal occurrence and abundance of the tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) and thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on rapeseed in West Tennessee. Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology, 16(3):171-178; 20 ref.

Bryan H, 1989. Control of the tarnished plant bug at the Carters Nursery. Tree Planters' Notes, 40(4):30-33

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Butts RA; Lamb RJ, 1991. Pest status of lygus bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) in oilseed Brassica crops. Journal of Economic Entomology, 84(5):1591-1596

CABI/EPPO, 2000. Lygus lineolaris. Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, Map No. 604. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

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Cleveland TC, 1982. Hibernation and host plant sequence studies of tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris, in the Mississippi Delta. Environmental Entomology, 11(5):1049-1052.

Cleveland TC, 1987. Predation by tarnished plant bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae) of Heliothis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs and larvae. Environmental Entomology, 16(1):37-40.

Coli WM; Green TA; Hosmer TA; Prokopy RJ, 1985. Use of visual traps for monitoring insect pests in the Massachusetts apple IPM program. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 14(3/4):251-265.

Day WH, 1987. Biological control efforts against Lygus and Adelphocoris spp. infesting alfalfa in the United States, with notes on other associated mirid species. In: Hedlund R, Graham HM, eds. Economic Importance and Biological Control of Lygus and Adelphocoris in North America. Washington, USA: USDA, Agric. Res. Publ. ARS., 64:20-39.

Day WH, 1996. Evaluation of biological control of the tarnished plant bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) in alfalfa by the introduced parasite Peristenus digoneutis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Environmental Entomology, 25(2):512-518; 26 ref.

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Fleischer SJ; Gaylor MJ, 1988. Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera: Miridae) population dynamics: nymphal development, life tables, and Leslie matrices on selected weeds and cotton. Environmental Entomology, 17(2):246-253.

Fleischer SJ; Gaylor MJ; Hue NE, 1988. Dispersal of Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera: Miridae) adults through cotton following nursery host destruction. Environmental Entomology, 17(3):533-541.

Grafius E; Morrow EA, 1982. Damage by the tarnished plant bug and alfalfa plant bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) to asparagus. Journal of Economic Entomology, 75(5):882-884.

Graham HM; Debolt JW, 1986. Reproductive isolation between colonies of Lygus lineolaris. Southwestern Entomologist, 11(2):125-130.

Gutierrez AP; Leigh TF; Wang Y; Cave RD, 1977. An analysis of cotton production in California: Lygus hesperus (Heteroptera: Miridae) injury - an evaluation. Canadian Entomologist, 109(10):1375-1386

Handley DT, 1991. Strawberry fruit development and the effects of feeding by the tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineolaris). The strawberry into the 21st century. Proceedings of the Third North American Strawberry Conference Houston, Texas 14-16 February 1990 [edited by Dale, A.; Luby, J. J.] Portland, Oregon, USA; Timber Press, 209-216

Handley DT; Dill JF; Pollard JE, 1993. Tarnished plant bug injury on six strawberry cultivars treated with differing numbers of insecticide sprays. Fruit Varieties Journal, 47(3):133-137.

Handley DT; Pollard JE, 1993. Tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineolaris) behavior on cultivated strawberries. Acta Horticulturae, No.348:463-468

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Juzwik J; Hubbes M, 1986. Bacteria associated with tarnished plant bug stem lesions on hybrid poplars in Ontario. European Journal of Forest Pathology, 16(7):390-400.

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