Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose)

Datasheet

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose)

Index

Summary

Last modified
20 November 2019

Datasheet Type(s)
Documented Species
Host Plant

Preferred Scientific Name
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Preferred Common Name
China-rose

Taxonomic Tree
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Spermatophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Dicotyledonae

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Pictures

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Picture

Title

Caption

Flowers

Flowers.

©A.R. Pittaway

Flower

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose); Flower. Réunion island. January 2008.

©Bruno Navez (B.navez)/via Wikimedia Commons - CC BY-SA 4.0

Flower

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose); Flower. Austria. March 2016.

©Robert F. Tobler/via Wikimedia Commons - CC-BY-SA 4.0

Flower

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose); Flower. Tallinn Botanic Garden, Estonia. August 2012.

©Diego Delso/via Wikimedia Commons - CC-BY-SA 3.0

Stigmas and stamens

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose); Stigmas and stamens. Austria. September 2014.

©Robert F. Tobler/via Wikimedia Commons - CC-BY-SA 4.0

Flowering habit

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose); Flowering habit. Bethlehem. May 2012.

©Lazaregagnidze/via Wikimedia Commons - CC-BY-SA 4.0

Cultivar flowers

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose); Cultivar: "White Wings" flowers. Hoolawa Farms Haiku, Maui, Hawaii. December 2006.

©Forest and Kim Starr/via Starr Environmental - CC BY 4.0

Cultivar flower

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose); Cultivar: "White Wings" flower. Makawao, Maui, Hawaii. September 2006.

©Forest and Kim Starr/via Starr Environmental - CC BY 4.0

Flowering habit

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose); Cultivar: "White Wings" flowering habit. Hoolawa Farms Haiku, Maui, Hawaii. December 2006.

©Forest and Kim Starr/via Starr Environmental - CC BY 4.0

Cultivar habit

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose); Cultivar: "White Wings" habit. La Jolla, California, USA. May 2018.

©cultivar413/via Flickr - CC BY 2.0

Cultivar flower

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose); Cultivar: yellow flower. Kaanapali, Maui, Hawaii. February 2007.

©Forest and Kim Starr/via Starr Environmental - CC BY 4.0

Cultivar flower

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose); Cultivar: yellow flower. Wailuku, Maui, Hawaii. January 2010.

©Forest and Kim Starr/via Starr Environmental - CC BY 4.0

Cultivar flower

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose); Cultivar: "Dainty White" flower. Ke‘anae, Maui, Hawaii. May 2009.

©Forest and Kim Starr/via Starr Environmental - CC BY 4.0

Cultivar flower

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose); Cultivar: "Dainty White" flower. September 2009.

©DonBanana/via Wikimedia Commons - CC-BY-SA 4.0

Cultivar flower

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose); Culivar: pink flower. Kula, Maui, Hawaii. September 2007.

©Forest and Kim Starr/via Starr Environmental - CC BY 4.0

Cultivar flower

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose); Cultivar: double petal flowers. Maui, Hawaii. July 2008.

©Forest and Kim Starr/via Starr Environmental - CC BY 4.0

Cultivar flower

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose); Cultivar: "Orange El Capitolio" flower. Bremen botanical garden, Germany. September 2009.

©Tubifex/via Wikimedia Commons - CC BY-SA 3.0

Flower bud

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose); Opening flower bud. Waiehu, Maui, Hawaii. August 2009.

©Forest and Kim Starr/via Starr Environmental - CC BY 4.0

Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.

Preferred Common Name

China-rose

International Common Names

Spanish: cucarda
French: Rose de Chine

Local Common Names

Germany: Chinesischer Rosen- Eibisch; Chinesischer Roseneibisch
Italy: Rosa della China
Netherlands: heemstroos, Chineese

EPPO code

HIBRS (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)

Taxonomic Tree

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Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Spermatophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Dicotyledonae
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Genus: Hibiscus
Species: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Last updated: 21 Jul 2022

Continent/Country/Region	Distribution	Origin	First Reported	Reference	Notes
Africa
Benin	Present	Introduced		African Plant Database (2020)
Burkina Faso	Present	Introduced		African Plant Database (2020)
Cabo Verde	Present	Introduced		African Plant Database (2020)
Cameroon	Present	Introduced		African Plant Database (2020)
Côte d'Ivoire	Present	Introduced		African Plant Database (2020)
Egypt	Present			Abdel-Salam et al. (2019) Beshr et al. (2016)
Equatorial Guinea	Present	Introduced		African Plant Database (2020)
Kenya	Present	Introduced		African Plant Database (2020)
Liberia	Present	Introduced		African Plant Database (2020)
Malawi	Present	Introduced		Quattrocchi (1999)
Morocco	Present			CABI Data Mining (Undated)
Réunion	Present	Introduced		POWO (2020)
Tanzania	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2020)
Tunisia	Present			Ben Halima-Kamel et al. (2015) Mdellel et al. (2019)
Uganda	Present	Introduced		African Plant Database (2020) Arocha et al. (2009)
Zimbabwe	Present	Introduced		African Plant Database (2020)
Asia
Armenia	Present	Introduced		Euro+Med (2020)
Azerbaijan	Present	Introduced		Euro+Med (2020)
Bangladesh	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
British Indian Ocean Territory	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
China	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Flora of China Editorial Committee (2020) Huang et al. (2004) Zheng et al. (2018)
-Fujian	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Flora of China Editorial Committee (2020) Zheng et al. (2018)
-Guangdong	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
-Guangxi	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Flora of China Editorial Committee (2020)
-Hainan	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Flora of China Editorial Committee (2020)
-Henan	Present			Huang et al. (2004)
-Shandong	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
-Sichuan	Present	Introduced		Flora of China Editorial Committee (2020)
-Yunnan	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Georgia	Present	Introduced		Euro+Med (2020)
Hong Kong	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
India	Present	Introduced		EPPO (2020) Basu and Patro (2007) Rasthra Vardhana (2007) Rasthra Vardhana (2007a) Sakthivel et al. (2012) Aasia Rashid et al. (2014) Lokeshwari et al. (2015) Srivastava et al. (2016) Kumawat et al. (2017) Archana Lal and Kurl (2020)
-Andhra Pradesh	Present	Introduced		India Biodiversity Portal (2020)
-Arunachal Pradesh	Present			Kumawat et al. (2017)
-Assam	Present	Introduced		India Biodiversity Portal (2020)
-Bihar	Present	Introduced		India Biodiversity Portal (2020)
-Goa	Present	Introduced		India Biodiversity Portal (2020)
-Gujarat	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
-Haryana	Present	Introduced		India Biodiversity Portal (2020)
-Himachal Pradesh	Present	Introduced		India Biodiversity Portal (2020)
-Jammu and Kashmir	Present			Aasia Rashid et al. (2014)
-Karnataka	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020) Lokeshwari et al. (2015)
-Kerala	Present	Introduced		India Biodiversity Portal (2020)
-Madhya Pradesh	Present	Introduced		India Biodiversity Portal (2020)
-Maharashtra	Present	Introduced		India Biodiversity Portal (2020)
-Odisha	Present	Introduced		India Biodiversity Portal (2020) Basu and Patro (2007)
-Punjab	Present	Introduced		India Biodiversity Portal (2020)
-Rajasthan	Present	Introduced		India Biodiversity Portal (2020)
-Tamil Nadu	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020) Sakthivel et al. (2012)
-Tripura	Present	Introduced		India Biodiversity Portal (2020)
-Uttar Pradesh	Present	Introduced		India Biodiversity Portal (2020) Rasthra Vardhana (2007) Rasthra Vardhana (2007a)
-Uttarakhand	Present	Introduced		India Biodiversity Portal (2020)
-West Bengal	Present	Introduced		India Biodiversity Portal (2020)
Indonesia	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
-Java	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Iran	Present			Pourrahim et al. (2013) Moghaddam and Bagheri (2010)
Japan	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020) Sahashi et al. (2007)
-Honshu	Present			CABI Data Mining (Undated)
-Kyushu	Present			CABI Data Mining (Undated)
-Ryukyu Islands	Present	Introduced	1950	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
-Shikoku	Present			CABI Data Mining (Undated)
Malaysia	Present	Introduced		EPPO (2020) Mastoi et al. (2014)
-Peninsular Malaysia	Present	Introduced		Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (2020) Mastoi et al. (2014)
-Sabah	Present	Introduced		POWO (2020)
-Sarawak	Present	Introduced		POWO (2020)
Maldives	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Nepal	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Nepal Checklist (2020)
Pakistan	Present	Introduced		Flora of Pakistan (2020) Abbas et al. (2010) Khuhro et al. (2011)
Philippines	Present	Introduced	1903	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020) She et al. (2017)
Saudi Arabia	Present			Bader and Al-Jboory (2020)
Singapore	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)	Cultivated, casual
South Korea	Present			Park et al. (2014)
Sri Lanka	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020) Galanihe et al. (2010)
Taiwan	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020) Ann PaoJen (2000) Li and Chang (2002)
Thailand	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Turkey	Present			Mırık et al. (2018) Kaydan et al. (2013) Karanfil and Korkmaz (2017) Atakan (2019)
Europe
Bulgaria	Present			Yovkova et al. (2013)
Croatia	Present			Šimala et al. (2009) Šimala et al. (2019)
Denmark	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Merveilleux Hibiscus (2005)
France	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Merveilleux Hibiscus (2005)
Germany	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Merveilleux Hibiscus (2005)
Greece	Present	Introduced		EPPO (2020)
Italy	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Euro+Med (2020) Stradis et al. (2008) Luigi et al. (2013)
-Sicily	Present			Stradis et al. (2008)
Netherlands	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Merveilleux Hibiscus (2005)
Portugal	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Merveilleux Hibiscus (2005)
-Azores	Present	Introduced	1985	Seebens et al. (2017)
Romania	Present			Radoi et al. (2019)
Spain	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Merveilleux Hibiscus (2005) Parrella et al. (2012) Parrella et al. (2013)
-Canary Islands	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Plavšić et al. (1984)
North America
Antigua and Barbuda	Present	Introduced	1938	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Bahamas	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Barbados	Present	Introduced	1906	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Belize	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
British Virgin Islands	Present	Introduced		Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012)
Cayman Islands	Present	Introduced		Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012)
Costa Rica	Present	Introduced	1881	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Cuba	Present	Introduced	1895	Missouri Botanical Garden (2020)
Dominican Republic	Present	Introduced	1921	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
El Salvador	Present	Introduced	1921	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Guadeloupe	Present	Introduced	1893	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Guatemala	Present	Introduced	1890	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Haiti	Present	Introduced	1925	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Honduras	Present	Introduced	1886	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Jamaica	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020) Missouri Botanical Garden (2020)	Roadside, escaped
Martinique	Present	Introduced	1932	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Mexico	Present	Introduced	1882	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Montserrat	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Nicaragua	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Panama	Present	Introduced	1923	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Puerto Rico	Present	Introduced	1886	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Trinidad and Tobago	Present	Introduced	1913	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
U.S. Virgin Islands	Present	Introduced	1882	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)	St. Thomas
United States	Present			Hoddle et al. (2003) Roy et al. (2018)
-California	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2020)
-District of Columbia	Present	Introduced	1889	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)	At botanical garden
-Florida	Present	Introduced	1896	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020) Hoddle et al. (2003) Roy et al. (2018)
-Hawaii	Present	Introduced	1896	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
-Maryland	Present	Introduced	1896	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Oceania
Australia	Present	Introduced	1843	Seebens et al. (2017) CABI Data Mining (Undated)
-Queensland	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
-South Australia	Present			CABI Data Mining (Undated)
Cook Islands	Present	Introduced	1899	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Federated States of Micronesia	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
-Pohnpei	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)	Botanic garden
French Polynesia	Present	Introduced	1769	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)	Society Islands
Guam	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Kiribati	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Marshall Islands	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Nauru	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
New Caledonia	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
New Zealand	Present			Tang et al. (2008)
Niue	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Palau	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Papua New Guinea	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Samoa	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Tonga	Present	Introduced	1899	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
South America
Argentina	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) Rivera et al. (2000) Loiácono et al. (2003)	Corrientes, Tucum?n
Bolivia	Present	Introduced	1907	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Brazil	Present			CABI Data Mining (Undated) Miranda et al. (2007) Rodrigues et al. (2008) Specht et al. (2015) Lopes et al. (2019)
-Amazonas	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020) Rodrigues et al. (2008)
-Distrito Federal	Present			Miranda et al. (2007)
-Minas Gerais	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
-Parana	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
-Pernambuco	Present	Introduced	1929	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
-Rio de Janeiro	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Flora do Brasil (2020)
-Santa Catarina	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
-Sao Paulo	Present	Introduced	1936	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Chile	Present	Introduced	1922	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Colombia	Present	Introduced	1919	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Ecuador	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
-Galapagos Islands	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2020)
French Guiana	Present	Introduced		Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Guyana	Present	Introduced	1921	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Peru	Present	Introduced	1929	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)
Suriname	Present	Introduced	1841	Missouri Botanical Garden (2020)
Venezuela	Present	Introduced	1893	Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020)

Distribution Database Table

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Distribution References

Aasia Rashid, Azad S A, Umar Farooq, 2014. Community analysis of plant parasitic nematodes associated with ornamental plants in Rajouri district (J&K), India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 3 (1), 194-197. http://www.ijcmas.com/vol-3-1/Aasia%20Rashid,%20et%20al.pdf

Abbas G, Arif M J, Muhammad Ashfaq, Muhammad Aslam, Shafqat Saeed, 2010. Host plants distribution and overwintering of cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis; Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 12 (3), 421-425. http://www.fspublishers.org/ijab/past-issues/IJABVOL_12_NO_3/20.pdf

Abdel-Salam A M M, Rezk A A, Dawoud R A, 2019. Biochemical, serological, molecular and natural host studies on Tomato Chlorosis Virus in Egypt. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 22 (2), 83-94. https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=pjbs.2019.83.94&org=11

Acevedo-Rodríguez P, Strong M T, 2012. Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies. Washington, DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution. 1192 pp. http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/catalog.htm

African Plant Database, 2020. African Plant Database. In: African Plant Database, Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de Geneve & South African National Biodiversity Institute. http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa/recherche.php

Ann PaoJen, 2000. New diseases and records of flowering potted plants caused by Phytophthora species in Taiwan. Plant Pathology Bulletin. 9 (1), 1-10.

Archana Lal, Kurl S P, 2020. Identification of aphid species (Homoptera : Aphididae) of economic importance from Delhi and its NCR using DNA barcodes and PCR-SSR based approach. Journal of Experimental Zoology, India. 23 (2), 1791-1797.

Arocha Y, Echodu R, Talengera D, Muhangi J, Rockefeller E, Asher O, Nakacwa R, Serugga R, Gumisiriza G, Tripathi J, Kabuye D, Otipa M, Vutseme K, Lukanda M, Boa E, 2009. Occurrence of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia' (16SrII group) in cassava and four other species in Uganda. Plant Pathology. 58 (2), 390. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/ppa DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2008.01963.x

Atakan E, 2019. Thrips (Thysanoptera) species associated with ornamental plants in the Çukurova region of Turkey. Derim. 36 (2), 146-153. DOI:10.16882/derim.2019.518502

Bader A K, Al-Jboory I J, 2020. First record of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), from Saudi Arabia. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin. 50 (3), 557-560. DOI:10.1111/epp.12674

Basu M, Patro B, 2007. New records of host plants and natural enemies of Aphis gossypii Glover (Aphididae: Homoptera) from Orissa, India. Journal of Plant Protection and Environment. 4 (2), 74-80.

Ben Halima-Kamel M, Germain J F, Mdellel L, 2015. First records of two mealybugs, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) and Phenacoccus peruvianus Granara de Willink, in Tunisia and the North of Africa. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin. 45 (1), 139-143. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2338 DOI:10.1111/epp.12186

Beshr S M, Badr S A, Ahmad A A, Mohamed G H, 2016. New record of host plants of invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Tinsley, 1898), (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Alexandria and Behaira governorates. Journal of Entomology. 13 (4), 155-160. http://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=je.2016.155.160&org=10

CABI Data Mining, Undated. CAB Abstracts Data Mining.,

CABI, Undated. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. Wallingford, UK: CABI

Chong K Y, Tan H T W, Corlett R T, 2009. A checklist of the total vascular plant flora of Singapore: native, naturalised and cultivated species. Singapore: Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore. 273 pp. https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/app/uploads/2017/04/flora_of_singapore_tc.pdf

EPPO, 2020. EPPO Global database. In: EPPO Global database, Paris, France: EPPO. https://gd.eppo.int/

Euro+Med, 2020. Euro+Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. In: Euro+Med PlantBase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity, http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed

Flora do Brasil, 2020. Brazilian flora 2020. In: Brazilian flora 2020, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Rio de Janeiro Botanic Garden. http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br

Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2020. Flora of China. In: Flora of China, St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2

Flora of Pakistan, 2020. Flora of Pakistan/Pakistan Plant Database (PPD). Tropicos website. In: Flora of Pakistan/Pakistan Plant Database (PPD). Tropicos website, St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. http://www.tropicos.org/Project/Pakistan

Galanihe L D, Jayasundera M U P, Vithana A, Asselaarachchi N, Watson G W, 2010. Occurrence, distribution and control of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), an invasive alien pest in Sri Lanka. Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension. 13 (3), 81-86. http://www.sljol.info/index.php/TARE/article/view/3143/2522

Hoddle M S, Triapitsyn S V, Morgan D J W, 2003. Distribution and plant association records for Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Florida. Florida Entomologist. 86 (1), 89-91. http://www.fcla.edu/FlaEnt/ DOI:10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0089:DAPARF]2.0.CO;2

Huang J G, Fan Z F, Li H F, Tian G Z, Hu J S, 2004. First report of tomato mosaic virus on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis in China. Plant Disease. 88 (6), 683. DOI:10.1094/PDIS.2004.88.6.683C

India Biodiversity Portal, 2020. Online Portal of India Biodiversity. In: Online Portal of India Biodiversity, http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/list

Karanfil A, Korkmaz S, 2017. First report of Hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus in Turkey. New Disease Reports. 22. DOI:10.5197/j.2044-0588.2017.035.022

Kaydan M B, Çalıșkan A F, Ulusoy M R, 2013. New record of invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Turkey. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin. 43 (1), 169-171. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2338 DOI:10.1111/epp.12015

Khuhro S N, Kalroo A M, Mahmood R, 2011. Present status of mealy bug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) on cotton and other plants in Sindh (Pakistan). In: World Cotton Research Conference-5, Mumbai, India, 7-11 November 2011 [World Cotton Research Conference-5, Mumbai, India, 7-11 November 2011.], [ed. by Kranthi K R, Venugopalan M V, Balasubramanya R H, Kranthi S, Singh S, Blaise]. New Delhi, India: Excel India Publishers. 268-271. http://icac.org/meetings/wcrc/wcrc5/Proceedings.pdf

Kumawat M M, Singh K M, Wangchu L, 2017. First report of an invasive longhorn beetle, Aristobia reticulator (Voet) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in litchi, Litichi chinensis Sonn. (Sapindaceae), in India. Coleopterists Bulletin. 71 (1), 131-136. DOI:10.1649/0010-065X-71.1.131

Li S C, Chang Y C, 2002. First report of Hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus in Taiwan. Plant Pathology. 51 (6), 803. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-3059.2002.00775.x

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