Fraxinus pennsylvanica (downy ash)
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Top of pagePreferred Scientific Name
- Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall
Preferred Common Name
- downy ash
Other Scientific Names
- Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh.
- Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. lanceolata (Borkh.) Sarg.
- Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima (Vahl) Fernald
- Fraxinus pubescens Lam.
- Fraxinus viridis F. Michx.
International Common Names
- English: green ash; red ash; swamp ash; water ash
- French: frêne rouge d'Amérique
Local Common Names
- Germany: Esche, Amerikanische Grün-; Esche, Amerikanische Rot-; Esche, Grün-
- Italy: frassino di Pensilvania
- Netherlands: amerikaanse roode es
- Sweden: rödask
EPPO code
- FRXPE (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
- FRXPS (Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima)
Summary of Invasiveness
Top of pageThe following summary is from Witt and Luke (2017):
Description
Medium-sized tree [12–25 (–45) m tall] with a trunk to 60 cm in diameter; deciduous (sheds most or all of its leaves at the end of the growing season), crown irregular to round, twigs grey to green-brown; root system shallow, wide and spreading.
Origin
USA.
Reason for Introduction
Fuelwood, timber and ornament.
Invades
Various habitats, including floodplain woodlands, mesic woodlands, riverbanks, swamps and abandoned fields.
Impacts
F. pennsylvanica was in 1948 planted as a fire break around commercial forestry plantations in the Mau Forest, Kenya. Seedlings, saplings and mature trees are now found in areas outside of these original plantings. In invaded areas, F. pennsylvanica, according to reports, “appears to affect community diversity, reducing species richness and abundance among the seedlings and saplings of trees of other species”.
Taxonomic Tree
Top of page- Domain: Eukaryota
- Kingdom: Plantae
- Phylum: Spermatophyta
- Subphylum: Angiospermae
- Class: Dicotyledonae
- Order: Oleales
- Family: Oleaceae
- Genus: Fraxinus
- Species: Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Distribution Table
Top of pageThe distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.
Last updated: 10 Feb 2022Continent/Country/Region | Distribution | Last Reported | Origin | First Reported | Invasive | Reference | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Africa |
|||||||
Kenya | Present | Introduced | Invasive | ||||
Europe |
|||||||
Austria | Present | Introduced | First reported: <1930 | ||||
Belgium | Present | Introduced | 2005 | ||||
Czechia | Present | Introduced | 1835 | ||||
Estonia | Present | Introduced | 1932 | ||||
Poland | Present | Introduced | 1817 | ||||
Portugal | |||||||
-Azores | Present | Introduced | 2001 | ||||
Romania | Present | Introduced | 1969 | ||||
Russia | Present | Introduced | 1960 | ||||
Slovakia | Present | Introduced | First reported: 1870. First reported in wild: 1994 | ||||
Spain | Present | ||||||
North America |
|||||||
Canada | Present | ||||||
-Alberta | Present | ||||||
-Manitoba | Present | ||||||
-New Brunswick | Present | ||||||
-Nova Scotia | Present | ||||||
-Ontario | Present | ||||||
-Quebec | Present | ||||||
-Saskatchewan | Present | ||||||
United States | Present | ||||||
-Alabama | Present | ||||||
-Arkansas | Present | ||||||
-Colorado | Present | ||||||
-Connecticut | Present | ||||||
-Delaware | Present | ||||||
-Florida | Present | ||||||
-Georgia | Present | ||||||
-Illinois | Present | ||||||
-Indiana | Present | ||||||
-Iowa | Present | ||||||
-Kansas | Present | ||||||
-Kentucky | Present | ||||||
-Louisiana | Present | ||||||
-Maine | Present | ||||||
-Maryland | Present | ||||||
-Massachusetts | Present | ||||||
-Michigan | Present | ||||||
-Minnesota | Present | ||||||
-Mississippi | Present | ||||||
-Missouri | Present | ||||||
-Montana | Present | ||||||
-Nebraska | Present | ||||||
-New Hampshire | Present | ||||||
-New Jersey | Present | ||||||
-New York | Present | ||||||
-North Carolina | Present | ||||||
-North Dakota | Present | ||||||
-Ohio | Present | ||||||
-Oklahoma | Present | ||||||
-Oregon | Present | ||||||
-Pennsylvania | Present | ||||||
-Rhode Island | Present | ||||||
-South Carolina | Present | ||||||
-South Dakota | Present | ||||||
-Tennessee | Present | ||||||
-Texas | Present | ||||||
-Utah | Present | ||||||
-Vermont | Present | ||||||
-Virginia | Present | ||||||
-West Virginia | Present | ||||||
-Wisconsin | Present | ||||||
-Wyoming | Present | ||||||
Oceania |
|||||||
Australia | Present | Introduced | 1906 |
Air Temperature
Top of pageParameter | Lower limit | Upper limit |
---|---|---|
Mean maximum temperature of hottest month (ºC) | 18 | 27 |
Mean minimum temperature of coldest month (ºC) | -18 | 13 |
Rainfall
Top of pageParameter | Lower limit | Upper limit | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Mean annual rainfall | 380 | 1520 | mm; lower/upper limits |
Soil Tolerances
Top of pageSoil drainage
- free
- impeded
- seasonally waterlogged
Soil reaction
- acid
- alkaline
- neutral
Soil texture
- heavy
- light
- medium
Uses List
Top of pageEnvironmental
- Agroforestry
- Revegetation
- Shade and shelter
General
- Ornamental
Materials
- Carved material
- Wood/timber
References
Top of pageBurns RM, Honkala BH, 1990. Silvics of North America: 2. Hardwoods. Agriculture Handbook 654. Washington DC, USA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Also available on the Internet (individual authors noted) at: < target="_blank">http://willow.ncfes.umn.edu/fth_pub.htm>
Kennedy HE Jr, 1990. Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh., Green ash. In: Burns RM, Honkala BH, tech. coords. Silvics of North America: 2. Hardwoods. USDA Agriculture Handbook, No. 654. Washington DC, USA: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service
Distribution References
CABI Data Mining, Undated. CAB Abstracts Data Mining.,
CABI, Undated. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. Wallingford, UK: CABI
Distribution Maps
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