Abelmoschus esculentus
(okra)

Pictures

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Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

• Abelmoschus esculentus

Preferred Common Name

• okra

Other Scientific Names

• Hibiscus esculentus

International Common Names

• English: lady's finger
• Spanish: quimbombo
• French: gombo
• Portuguese: quiabo

Local Common Names

• Italy: bammia d'Egitto; corna dei Greci; ocra
• Netherlands: malve, eetbare
• Sweden: gronsakhibisk

EPPO code

• ABMES (Abelmoschus esculentus)

Taxonomic Tree

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• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Plantae
•         Phylum: Spermatophyta
•             Subphylum: Angiospermae
•                 Class: Dicotyledonae
•                     Order: Malvales
•                         Family: Malvaceae
•                             Genus: Abelmoschus
•                                 Species: Abelmoschus esculentus

List of Pests

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Major host of:

Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm); Agrotis segetum (turnip moth); Alabama argillacea (cotton leaf worm); Alternaria brassicae (dark spot of crucifers); Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Indian cotton jassid); Anomis flava (cotton semi-looper); Anomis illita (okra leafworm); Argyrogramma signata (green semi-looper); Ascochyta abelmoschi (pod spot of okra); Aspisoma ignitum; Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly); Boeremia exigua var. exigua (leaf spot); Cercospora malayensis; Chinavia marginata (stink bug); Choanephora cucurbitarum (Choanephora fruit rot); Chrysodeixis eriosoma (green looper caterpillar); Chrysodeixis includens (soybean looper); Colletotrichum coccodes (anthracnose); Colletotrichum dematium (leaf spot); Corizus vicenti; Corythuca gossypii (cotton lacebug); Cotton Yellow Mosaic (yellow mosaic of cotton); Crocidosema plebejana (cotton tipworm); Cucumber mosaic virus (cucumber mosaic); Diabolocatantops axillaris (devil grasshopper); Diabrotica graminea (beetle, green); Dysdercus andreae (cotton stainer); Dysdercus cingulatus (red cotton stainer); Dysdercus fulvoniger discolor (cotton stainer); Earias biplaga (spiny bollworm); Earias insulana (Egyptian stem borer); Earias vittella (spiny bollworm); Edessa meditabunda (green and brown stink bug); Eriophyes hibisci (Hibiscus mite); Eutetranychus orientalis (Citrus brown mite); Euxesta stigmatias; Ferrisia virgata (striped mealybug); Frankliniella intonsa (thrips, flower); Golovinomyces cichoracearum (powdery mildew); Haritalodes derogata (cotton leaf roller); Helicotylenchus dihystera (common spiral nematode); Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm); Helicoverpa zea (American cotton bollworm); Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm); Hibiscus yellow vein mosaic disease; Homalodisca vitripennis (glassy winged sharpshooter); Liriomyza sativae (vegetable leaf miner); Liriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer); Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug); Macrophomina phaseolina (charcoal rot of bean/tobacco); Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode); Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode); Murdannia nudiflora (doveweed); Nezara viridula (green stink bug); Okra leaf curl disease; Okra mosaic virus; Okra yellow vein mosaic virus; Omolicna cubana; Parthenium hysterophorus (parthenium weed); Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm); Phenacoccus solenopsis (cotton mealybug); Phyllophaga (white grubs); Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (cotton root rot); Pratylenchus penetrans (nematode, northern root lesion); Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (mulberry scale); Pseudocercospora abelmoschi (leaf spot of okra); Pseudocercospora brachypoda; Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (bacterial canker or blast (stone and pome fruits)); Pythium aphanidermatum (damping-off); Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode); Saissetia coffeae (hemispherical scale); Scirtothrips dorsalis (chilli thrips); Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (cottony soft rot); Spodoptera eridania (southern armyworm); Spodoptera littoralis (cotton leafworm); Spodoptera litura (taro caterpillar); Tarachidia flavibasis; Tetranychus cinnabarinus (carmine spider mite); Tetranychus marianae; Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite); Thrips hawaiiensis (Hawaiian flower thrips); Xanthodes transversa; Xanthomonas campestris pv. esculenti (leafspot.); Zeuzera coffeae (coffee carpenter)

Minor host of:

Acanthospermum australe (spiny-bur); Acanthospermum hispidum (bristly starbur); Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed); Aonidiella aurantii (red scale); Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid); Aspergillus flavus (Aspergillus ear rot); Aspergillus niger (black mould of onion); Athelia rolfsii (sclerotium rot); Atherigona orientalis (pepper fruit fly); Belonolaimus longicaudatus (sting nematode); Bemisia tabaci (MEAM1) (silverleaf whitefly); Bemisia tabaci (MED) (silverleaf whitefly); Botryotinia fuckeliana (grey mould-rot); Brevipalpus californicus (citrus flat mite); Chalara elegans (black root rot); Chinavia hilaris (green stink bug); Cochliobolus lunatus (head mould of grasses, rice and sorghum); Cotton anthocyanosis virus (vermelhao disease); Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus; Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass); Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae (pod blight: soyabean); Eutinobothrus brasiliensis (cotton root borer); Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (vascular cotton wilt); Gargaphia lunulata; Haematonectria haematococca (dry rot of potato); Halyomorpha halys (brown marmorated stink bug); Hilda patruelis (groundnut hopper); Hirschmanniella oryzae (rice root nematode); Hoplolaimus indicus (lance nematode); Horcias nobilellus (cotton bug); Leveillula taurica (powdery mildew of cotton); Megalurothrips usitatus (bean flower thrips); Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm); Merremia umbellata (hogvine); Murgantia histrionica (harlequin bug); Mycosphaerella tassiana (antagonist of Botrytis cinerea); Myzus persicae (green peach aphid); Pachnoda interrupta (chafer beetle); Pantoea agglomerans (bacterial grapevine blight); Paratrichodorus porosus; Pectobacterium carotovorum; Penicillium digitatum (green mould); Pepper veinal mottle virus; Phomopsis longicolla (pod and stem blight); Phyllanthus urinaria (leafflower); Phytophthora nicotianae (black shank); Piezodorus hybneri (legume stink bug); Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth); Potato virus Y (potato mottle); Pratylenchus brachyurus (root-lesion nematode); Pratylenchus loosi (root lesion nematode); Pseudocercospora griseola (angular bean leaf spot); Pseudomonas cichorii (bacterial blight of endive); Radish leaf curl virus; Rattus argentiventer (rice field rat); Sacadodes pyralis (Trinidad bollworm); Scutellonema bradys (yam nematode); Scutellonema clathricaudatum; Solenopsis invicta (red imported fire ant); Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm); Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm); Steirastoma breve (cacao beetle); Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (leaf curl); Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine); Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper); Turnip mosaic virus (cabbage A virus mosaic); Verticillium dahliae (verticillium wilt); Xiphinema ifacolum (dagger nematode)

Associated with (not a host):

Coleomegilla maculata (beetle, Spotted ladybird); Cricula trifenestrata (tea flush worm); Cycloneda sanguinea; Nectria ventricosa; Paecilomyces lilacinus (biocontrol: nematodes); Solenopsis geminata (tropical fire ant); Verticillium chlamydosporium (nematode egg parasite); Zelus longipes

Host of (source - data mining):

Adoretus sinicus (Chinese rose beetle); Alternaria alternata (alternaria leaf spot); Alternaria zinniae (leaf spot of zinnia); Bakerdania gracilis; Bakerdania mesembrinae (mushroom red pepper mite); Desmidophorus hebes; Dysdercus cardinalis; Dysdercus koenigii; Earias cupreoviridis (cotton green moth); Empoasca decipiens (leafhopper, cotton); Epilachna ocellata; Fusarium oxysporum (basal rot); Lasiodiplodia theobromae (diplodia pod rot of cocoa); Lohita grandis; Melanagromyza hibisci; Nisotra sjostedti; Ochropleura flammatra (Indian cutworm); Oligonychus biharensis; Podagrica uniformis; Pseudomonas syringae (bacterial blast); Rhizopus stolonifer (bulb rot); Tetranychus ludeni (red spider mite); Tetranychus macfarlanei; Tetranychus neocaledonicus (spider mite); Trachys herilla

Uses List

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Animal feed, fodder, forage

• Fodder/animal feed

Human food and beverage

• Beverage base
• Flour/starch
• Oil/fat
• Spices and culinary herbs
• Vegetable

Materials

• Fibre

Medicinal, pharmaceutical

• Traditional/folklore