Cucumber mosaic virus (cucumber mosaic)

Datasheet

Cucumber mosaic virus (cucumber mosaic)

Index

Summary

Last modified
18 December 2021

Datasheet Type(s)
Pest
Natural Enemy

Preferred Scientific Name
Cucumber mosaic virus

Preferred Common Name
cucumber mosaic

Taxonomic Tree
Domain: Virus
Group: "Positive sense ssRNA viruses"
Group: "RNA viruses"
Family: Bromoviridae
Genus: Cucumovirus

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Compendia
CAB International
Wallingford
Oxfordshire
OX10 8DE
UK
compend@cabi.org
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Pictures

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Picture

Title

Caption

Symptoms on soyabean

Stunt symptoms caused by CMV soybean stunt strain on soyabean in Indonesia.

Mitsuro Kameya-Iwaki

Virus particles

CMV particles. Reproduced with permission from Rothamsted Experimental Station. http://www.res.bbsrc.ac.uk/cdm/plantpath/

IACR-Rothamsted

Symptoms on tobacco

Necrotic streaks on tobacco plant caused by CMV associated with a necrogenic satellite RNA (Sat-RNA).

©Pasquale Piccirillo

Symptoms on tobacco

Necrotic streaks on tobacco plant caused by CMV associated with a necrogenic satellite-RNA (Sat-RNA).

©Pasquale Piccirillo

Symptoms on pepper

CMV mosaic on pepper (Capsicum annuum) fruits.

©Pasquale Piccirillo

Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

Cucumber mosaic virus

Preferred Common Name

cucumber mosaic

Other Scientific Names

banana infectious chlorosis virus
banana mosaic virus
coleus mosaic virus
common mosaic virus
cowpea banding mosaic virus
cowpea ringspot virus
cucumber mosaic cucumovirus
cucumber yellow mosaic virus
cucumis virus 1
lily ringspot virus
pea top necrosis virus
peanut yellow mosaic virus
southern celery mosaic virus
soybean stunt virus
spinach blight virus
tomato fern leaf virus

International Common Names

English: CMV - spinach strain; pepper rosette disease; southern celery mosaic; spinach blight; tomato fern-leaf; wart disease of cucumber
Spanish: mosaico de las cucurbitáceas
French: mosaïque à tirets; mosaïque du concombre

Local Common Names

Germany: Farnblaettrigkeit: Tomate; Gelbfleckigkeit des Spinats; Gurkenmosaikvirus; Gurkenmosaikvirus: Sellerie; Kraeuselscheckung des Feldsalates; Reisigkrankheit des Paprika

English acronym

EPPO code

CMV000 (Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus)

Taxonomic Tree

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Domain: Virus
Group: "Positive sense ssRNA viruses"
Group: "RNA viruses"
Family: Bromoviridae
Genus: Cucumovirus
Species: Cucumber mosaic virus

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Last updated: 12 May 2022

Continent/Country/Region	Distribution	Reference
Africa
Algeria	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Benin	Present	Eni et al. (2008) Eni et al. (2008a) Afouda et al. (2013) EPPO (2022)
Cameroon	Present	Gauhl et al. (1999) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Côte d'Ivoire	Present	Thouvenel and Fauquet (1982) CABI and EPPO (2002) Koné et al. (2010) Kouadio et al. (2013) Kouadio et al. (2014) Toualy et al. (2014) Kouadio et al. (2015) EPPO (2022)
Egypt	Present	Nasser (1994) CABI and EPPO (2002) Amer et al. (2020) EPPO (2022)
Ethiopia	Present, Few occurrences	Tadesse et al. (1999) CABI and EPPO (2002) Alok Kumar et al. (2020) EPPO (2022)
Ghana	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Eni et al. (2008a) EPPO (2022)
Kenya	Present	Bock et al. (1975) CABI and EPPO (2002) Opiyo et al. (2010) EPPO (2022)
Madagascar	Present	EPPO (2022)
Mauritius	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Lobin et al. (2015) EPPO (2022)
Morocco	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Nigeria	Present	Atiri (1985) CABI and EPPO (2002) Kayode et al. (2014) EPPO (2022)
Réunion	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Rwanda	Present	Skelton et al. (2018) EPPO (2022)
Sierra Leone	Present, Widespread	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
South Africa	Present, Widespread	Brand and Wechmar (1993) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Sudan	Present	Magid (1991) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Tanzania	Present, Widespread	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Togo	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Eni et al. (2008a) EPPO (2022)
Tunisia	Present	M'nari et al. (1993) Ben Moussa et al. (2000) Najar et al. (2000) CABI and EPPO (2002) Raboudi et al. (2002) El-Air et al. (2011) Tamarzizt et al. (2013) Salleh et al. (2017) EPPO (2022)
Uganda	Present	EPPO (2022)
Zambia	Present, Widespread	CABI and EPPO (2002) Mulenga et al. (2020) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Zimbabwe	Present, Widespread	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Antarctica
Antarctica	Present	Polischuk et al. (2007)
Asia
Afghanistan	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Azerbaijan	Present	EPPO (2022)
Bangladesh	Present	Akanda et al. (1991) CABI and EPPO (2002) Bagewadi et al. (2015) EPPO (2022)
China	Present	Li et al. (2001) CABI and EPPO (2002) Cardin et al. (2009) Wang et al. (2009) Tan et al. (2010) Chen et al. (2014) Du et al. (2014) Li et al. (2014) Wang et al. (2014) Zhao et al. (2014) Peng HaoRan et al. (2015) Wang et al. (2015) Hu et al. (2016) Lu et al. (2016) Xiao et al. (2016) Cai et al. (2017) Cao et al. (2017) Liu et al. (2017) Sun et al. (2017) Zhu et al. (2017) Wang et al. (2018) Zhu Feng et al. (2018) He et al. (2019) Wei RuoFan et al. (2019) Chen LiJuan et al. (2020) Feng Chong et al. (2020) Hou Han et al. (2020) Rui PengHuan et al. (2020) Yan ChenGe et al. (2020) Zhang Yu et al. (2020) EPPO (2022)
-Anhui	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Wang et al. (2015) Wei et al. (2015) Hou Han et al. (2020) Rui PengHuan et al. (2020) EPPO (2022)
-Beijing	Present	EPPO (2022) Li et al. (2014) Wei RuoFan et al. (2019) Yan ChenGe et al. (2020)
-Chongqing	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Peng HaoRan et al. (2015) Sun et al. (2017) EPPO (2022)
-Fujian	Present	Kearney et al. (1990) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Gansu	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Wang et al. (2009) EPPO (2022)
-Guangdong	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Chen LiJuan et al. (2020) Feng Chong et al. (2020) EPPO (2022)
-Guangxi	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Wang et al. (2014) EPPO (2022)
-Guizhou	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Hainan	Present	Cao YanYong et al. (2008)
-Hebei	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Chen et al. (2014) Yuan et al. (2015) EPPO (2022)
-Heilongjiang	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Henan	Present	Li et al. (2001) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Hubei	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Liu et al. (2014) Wang et al. (2014) Cai et al. (2017) EPPO (2022)
-Hunan	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Inner Mongolia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Jiangsu	Present	Zhu et al. (1992) CABI and EPPO (2002) Yang et al. (2018) He et al. (2019) EPPO (2022)
-Jiangxi	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Wang et al. (2014) Zhu Feng et al. (2018) EPPO (2022)
-Jilin	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Liaoning	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Tan et al. (2010) EPPO (2022)
-Qinghai	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Shaanxi	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Shandong	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Lu et al. (2016) Cao et al. (2017) Liu et al. (2017) EPPO (2022)
-Shanghai	Present	Cardin et al. (2009)
-Shanxi	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Du et al. (2014) EPPO (2022)
-Sichuan	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Zhao et al. (2014) Zhu et al. (2017) Wang et al. (2018) EPPO (2022)
-Tianjin	Present	Li ShuJu et al. (2004)
-Xinjiang	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Yunnan	Present	Shong et al. (1990) CABI and EPPO (2002) Xiao et al. (2016) EPPO (2022)
-Zhejiang	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Georgia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Hong Kong	Present, Widespread	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
India	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Verma et al. (2004) Verma et al. (2005) Sudhakar et al. (2006) Ali et al. (2008a) Dubey et al. (2008) Raj et al. (2008) Singh et al. (2009) Sharma et al. (2015) Sharma et al. (2016) Sharma et al. (2016a) Usharani et al. (2016) Lepcha et al. (2017) Poonam Chaudhary et al. (2018) Raj Verma et al. (2019) Sinha and Samad (2019) EPPO (2022)
-Andhra Pradesh	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Assam	Present	EPPO (2022)
-Bihar	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Delhi	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Gujarat	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Haryana	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Himachal Pradesh	Present	Sharma and Chowfla (1986) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Karnataka	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Kerala	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
-Madhya Pradesh	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Maharashtra	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Raj Verma et al. (2019) EPPO (2022)
-Manipur	Present	EPPO (2022)
-Meghalaya	Present	EPPO (2022)
-Nagaland	Present	EPPO (2022)
-Odisha	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Punjab	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Malik et al. (2006) Muhammad Bashir et al. (2006) Sukhjeet Kaur et al. (2014) Poonam Chaudhary et al. (2018) EPPO (2022)
-Rajasthan	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Sikkim	Present	EPPO (2022) Lepcha et al. (2017)
-Tamil Nadu	Present	Mohan and Lakshmanan (1988) CABI and EPPO (2002) Sudhakar et al. (2006) EPPO (2022)
-Uttar Pradesh	Present	Rao et al. (1995) CABI and EPPO (2002) Singh et al. (2009) Muzafar Sheikh et al. (2013) EPPO (2022)
-West Bengal	Present	Ghosh and Mukhopadhyay (1979) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Indonesia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Damayanti et al. (2010) EPPO (2022)
-Java	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Iran	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Golnaraghi et al. (2002) Shahraeen et al. (2003) Golnaraghi et al. (2004) Ghotbi and Bananej (2005) Shahraeen et al. (2005) Farzadfar et al. (2006) Massumi et al. (2007) Bananej and Vahdat (2008) Massumi et al. (2009) Ghorbani et al. (2010) Dizadji and Shahraeen (2011) Saidi and Safaeizadeh (2011) Hajiabadi et al. (2012) Koolivand et al. (2012) Safaeizadeh and Saidi (2012) Saidi and Safaeizadeh (2012) Arafati et al. (2013) Eyvazi et al. (2015) Rabiee et al. (2015) Shahmohammadi et al. (2015) Mohammadi et al. (2016) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Iraq	Present	Fegla et al. (1981) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Israel	Present	Gera (1994) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Japan	Present, Widespread	Nakamura et al. (1994) CABI and EPPO (2002) Ohki et al. (2006) EPPO (2022)
-Hokkaido	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Honshu	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Kyushu	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Ryukyu Islands	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Shikoku	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Jordan	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Kazakhstan	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Kuwait	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Kyrgyzstan	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Mazenov and Serçe (2018) EPPO (2022)
Lebanon	Present	Katul and Makkouk (1987) CABI and EPPO (2002) Choueiri et al. (2015) EPPO (2022)
Malaysia	Present	Doon (1991) CABI and EPPO (2002) Mohamad Roff et al. (2006) EPPO (2022)
-Peninsular Malaysia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Sabah	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Sarawak	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Nepal	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Oman	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Pakistan	Present	Bashir and Malik (1993) Bashir et al. (2002) CABI and EPPO (2002) Malik et al. (2006) Muhammad Bashir et al. (2006) EPPO (2022)
Philippines	Present	Xuan et al. (1988) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Saudi Arabia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Elbeshehy et al. (2017) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Singapore	Present, Few occurrences	Yik (1994) AVA (2001) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
South Korea	Present	Yoon (1987) Lee SangYong et al. (1997) CABI and EPPO (2002) Kim JaeHyun et al. (2002) Choi et al. (2014) Yoon et al. (2014) Park et al. (2015) Yoon et al. (2017) Yoon et al. (2017a) Kim NamYeon et al. (2018) Lee HyoJeong et al. (2018) Park TaeSeon et al. (2018) Yoon et al. (2018) Kwon et al. (2019) Igori et al. (2020) Min DongJoo et al. (2020) EPPO (2022)
Sri Lanka	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Syria	Present	Katul and Makkouk (1987) CABI and EPPO (2002) Ali et al. (2008) EPPO (2022)
Taiwan	Present	Chen et al. (1995) CABI and EPPO (2002) Chen et al. (2005) Hu WenChi and Chang YaChun (2006) Deng et al. (2010) EPPO (2022)
Tajikistan	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Thailand	Present	Chandrasrikul and Patrakosol (1986) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Turkey	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Caglayan et al. (2004) Ozaslan et al. (2006) Özdemİr and Erİlmez (2012) Topkaya and Ertunç (2012) Ergün et al. (2013) Șevİk and Balkaya (2015) Yeşil (2020) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Uzbekistan	Present, Localized	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Vietnam	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Yemen	Present	Alhubaishi et al. (1987) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Europe
Albania	Present	Finetti-Sialer et al. (2005) EPPO (2022)
Austria	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Belarus	Present	Ambrosov (1980) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Belgium	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Bešta-Gajević et al. (2013) Trkulja et al. (2013) EPPO (2022)
Bulgaria	Present, Widespread	CABI and EPPO (2002) Kostova et al. (2003) Xanthis et al. (2015) Dikova et al. (2016) Pasev et al. (2018) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Croatia	Present, Widespread	Krajačič and Juretić (1993) Juretić et al. (1996) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Cyprus	Present, Widespread	Ioannou (1985) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Czechia	Present, Widespread	Polák and Sirový (1995) Polák (1996) CABI and EPPO (2002) Svoboda et al. (2006) Červená et al. (2011) Svoboda (2011) Svoboda and Leisova-Svobodova (2011) Svoboda and Svobodová-Leišová (2012) Svoboda and Leisova-Svobodova (2013) EPPO (2022)
Denmark	Present, Widespread	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Estonia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Finland	Present, Localized	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
France	Present, Widespread	Farreyrol et al. (2001) CABI and EPPO (2002) Cardin et al. (2003) Cardin et al. (2003a) Cardin et al. (2005) Cardin and Moury (2007) Cardin and Moury (2007a) Cardin et al. (2007) Cardin and Moury (2009) Cardin et al. (2009) Steyer et al. (2010) EPPO (2022)
Germany	Present, Widespread	Haack (1986) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Greece	Present, Widespread	Kyriakopoulou (1992) Varveri and Boutsika (1999) CABI and EPPO (2002) Chatzivassiliou et al. (2004) Vovlas and Franco (2004) Efthimiou et al. (2011) Fotopoulos et al. (2011) Malandraki et al. (2014) Xanthis et al. (2015) Xanthis et al. (2015a) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
-Crete	Present	Vovlas et al. (1994)
Hungary	Present	Salamon et al. (1989) CABI and EPPO (2002) Fekete et al. (2003) Salamon et al. (2013) Salamon et al. (2016) EPPO (2022)
Ireland	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Italy	Present	Paradies et al. (2000) Roggero et al. (2000) Bellardi et al. (2002) CABI and EPPO (2002) Cardin et al. (2003) Cardin et al. (2003a) Cardin et al. (2005) Parrella and Crescenzi (2005) Tomassoli et al. (2005) Cardin and Moury (2007) Davino et al. (2008) Cardin and Moury (2009) Cardin et al. (2009) Al-Abdallah et al. (2012) Parrella and Greco (2014) Troiano et al. (2019) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
-Sicily	Present	D'Urso et al. (2000) Tomassoli et al. (2005) Davino et al. (2008)
Latvia	Present	Ignash (1977) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Lithuania	Present	Stanyulis et al. (1977) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Malta	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Moldova	Present	Koev et al. (1984) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Montenegro	Present	Zindović et al. (2007) Zindovic et al. (2017)
Netherlands	Present, Widespread	Bouwen et al. (1978) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
North Macedonia	Present, Widespread	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Poland	Present	Frencel and Pospieszny (1985) Miczyński et al. (1997) CABI and EPPO (2002) Kobyłko and Dańda (2008) EPPO (2022)
Portugal	Present	Leitão et al. (1996) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Romania	Present, Widespread	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Russia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Central Russia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Northern Russia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Russian Far East	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Southern Russia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Serbia	Present, Widespread	EPPO (2022) Dukić et al. (2006) Milojević et al. (2012) Milojević et al. (2013) Milojević et al. (2014) Milošević et al. (2015) Milojević et al. (2016)
Serbia and Montenegro	Present, Widespread	Subašić et al. (1990) CABI and EPPO (2002)
Slovakia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Predajňa et al. (2017) Glasa et al. (2018) Tomašechová et al. (2020) EPPO (2022)
Slovenia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Mehle et al. (2020) EPPO (2022)
Spain	Present, Widespread	CABI and EPPO (2002) Alonso-Prados et al. (2003) Ortega et al. (2005) Alfaro-Fernández et al. (2010) Soler et al. (2010) Chatzivassiliou et al. (2016) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Sweden	Present	Akius (1983) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Switzerland	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Ukraine	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Shevchenko et al. (2015) EPPO (2022)
United Kingdom	Present, Widespread	Pemberton and Frost (1986) Spence et al. (2000) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
North America
Antigua and Barbuda	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Barbados	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Bermuda	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Canada	Present, Localized	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-British Columbia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Ontario	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Quebec	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Costa Rica	Present	Rivera et al. (1991) Hord et al. (2001) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Cuba	Present	Castro et al. (1992) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Dominica	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Dominican Republic	Present	Baker and Zettler (1988) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
El Salvador	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Grenada	Present	Chatzivassiliou et al. (2016)
Guadeloupe	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Haiti	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Honduras	Present	Espinoza and McLeod (1994) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Jamaica	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Martinique	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Mexico	Present	Delgado Sanchez (1974) CABI and EPPO (2002) González Franco et al. (2014) EPPO (2022)
Montserrat	Present	Thomas (1981) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Panama	Present	Herrera-Vásquez et al. (2009) Herrera-Vásquez et al. (2009a) EPPO (2022)
Puerto Rico	Present	Meiners et al. (1977) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Trinidad and Tobago	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
United States	Present, Widespread	Boehm and Nameth (2000) Nameth and Fisher (2001) CABI and EPPO (2002) Rodríguez-Alvarado et al. (2002) Baker et al. (2003) Whitten and Nameth (2004) Lockhart (2005) Shah et al. (2006) Jossey and Babadoost (2008) Sampangi et al. (2009) Tzanetakis (2009) Poudel et al. (2010) Sundaraj et al. (2011) Abdalla and Ali (2012) Ali et al. (2012) Baker et al. (2012) Fisher (2013) Fisher (2013a) Babu et al. (2014) Henderson et al. (2014) Bratsch et al. (2015) Dey et al. (2019) EPPO (2022)
-Alabama	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Arizona	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Arkansas	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Poudel et al. (2010) Ali et al. (2012) EPPO (2022)
-California	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
-Connecticut	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Delaware	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Florida	Present	Kucharek et al. (1998) CABI and EPPO (2002) Baker et al. (2003) Baker et al. (2012) Babu et al. (2014) Dey et al. (2019) EPPO (2022)
-Georgia	Present	Gillaspie et al. (1998) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Hawaii	Present	Hu et al. (1995) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Idaho	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Illinois	Present	Weinzierl (1995) CABI and EPPO (2002) Jossey and Babadoost (2008) EPPO (2022)
-Indiana	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Iowa	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Kansas	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Kentucky	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Louisiana	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Maine	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Maryland	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Henderson et al. (2014) EPPO (2022)
-Massachusetts	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Michigan	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Minnesota	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Lockhart (2005) EPPO (2022)
-Mississippi	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Missouri	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Bratsch et al. (2015) EPPO (2022)
-Montana	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Nebraska	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-New Hampshire	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-New Jersey	Present	Smith and Davis (1986) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-New Mexico	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Rodríguez-Alvarado et al. (2002) EPPO (2022)
-New York	Present	Rist and Lorbeer (1991) CABI and EPPO (2002) Shah et al. (2006) EPPO (2022)
-North Carolina	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Ohio	Present	Nameth and Steininger (1997) Boehm and Nameth (2000) Nameth and Fisher (2001) CABI and EPPO (2002) Whitten and Nameth (2004) Fisher (2013) Fisher (2013a) EPPO (2022)
-Oklahoma	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Abdalla and Ali (2012) Ali et al. (2012) EPPO (2022)
-Oregon	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Sampangi et al. (2009) EPPO (2022)
-Pennsylvania	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-South Carolina	Present	Flasinski et al. (1995) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Tennessee	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Texas	Present	Wilson and Halliwell (1985) CABI and EPPO (2002) Ali et al. (2012) EPPO (2022)
-Utah	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Vermont	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Virginia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Washington	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Wisconsin	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Oceania
American Samoa	Present	Brooks (2002) EPPO (2022)
Australia	Present, Widespread	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-New South Wales	Present	Perry et al. (1993) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Queensland	Present	Shukla et al. (1980) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-South Australia	Present	Alberts et al. (1985) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Tasmania	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Victoria	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Western Australia	Present	Tapscott and Cowling (1995) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Cook Islands	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Federated States of Micronesia	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Fiji	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
French Polynesia	Present	Farreyrol et al. (2001) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Kiribati	Present	Shanmuganathan (1980) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
New Zealand	Present, Widespread	Cameron et al. (1992) CABI and EPPO (2002) Cardin et al. (2005a) Fletcher et al. (2005) Delmiglio and Pearson (2006) Corona et al. (2007) EPPO (2022)
Niue	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Samoa	Present	Gerlach (1988) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Solomon Islands	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Davis and Tsatsia (2009) EPPO (2022)
Tonga	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Vanuatu	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
South America
Argentina	Present	Atencio et al. (1997) CABI and EPPO (2002) Breuil et al. (2005) Breuil et al. (2006) Breuil et al. (2008) EPPO (2022)
Brazil	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Lacroix et al. (2011) Duarte et al. (2013) Yuki et al. (2017) EPPO (2022)
-Ceara	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Espirito Santo	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Goias	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Maranhao	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Mato Grosso do Sul	Present	Bergmann et al. (2002)
-Minas Gerais	Present	Zambolim et al. (1994) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Para	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Parana	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Lacroix et al. (2011) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
-Pernambuco	Present	Bergmann et al. (2002)
-Piaui	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
-Rio de Janeiro	Present	Boari et al. (2000)
-Santa Catarina	Present	Lacroix et al. (2011)
-Sao Paulo	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) Duarte et al. (2013) Yuki et al. (2017) EPPO (2022)
Chile	Present	Castro and Sandoval B. (1998) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Colombia	Present	Jayasinghe (1982) CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022)
Ecuador	Present	Soler et al. (2005) Yeturu et al. (2018) EPPO (2022)
French Guiana	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Guyana	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Suriname	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)
Venezuela	Present	CABI and EPPO (2002) EPPO (2022) CABI (Undated)

Growth Stages

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Flowering stage, Fruiting stage, Seedling stage, Vegetative growing stage

List of Symptoms/Signs

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Sign	Life Stages	Type
Fruit / abnormal patterns
Fruit / abnormal shape
Fruit / discoloration
Fruit / lesions: black or brown
Fruit / reduced size
Leaves / abnormal colours
Leaves / abnormal forms
Leaves / abnormal patterns
Leaves / necrotic areas
Whole plant / dwarfing

Vectors and Intermediate Hosts

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Vector	Reference	Group	Distribution
Acyrthosiphon kondoi		Insect	Australia
Aphis craccivora		Insect
Aphis glycines		Insect
Aphis gossypii	Palukaitis and Garciá-Arenal (2003)	Insect
Aphis spiraecola		Insect
Aulacorthum solani	Contangelo et al. (1994)	Insect
Lipaphis erysimi	Blackman and Eastop (2000)	Insect
Macrosiphum euphorbiae	Raccah et al. (1985)	Insect
Myzus persicae	Palukaitis and Garciá-Arenal (2003)	Insect
Planococcus citri		Insect

References

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