Cochliobolus spicifer
(spring dead spot of grasses)

Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

• Cochliobolus spicifer Nelson

Preferred Common Name

• spring dead spot of grasses

Other Scientific Names

• Bipolaris spicifera (Bainier) Subram.
• Brachycladium spiciferum Bainier
• Curvularia spicifera (Bainier) Boedijn
• Drechslera spicifera (Bainier) von Arx
• Drechslera tetramera (McKinney) Shoemaker
• Helminthosporium spiciferum (Bainier) Nicot

International Common Names

• English: foot rot of wheat; leaf blotch of cereals
• Spanish: manchas negras del pimiento de Cayena
• French: maladie des taches noires du poivrier de Cayenne

Local Common Names

• Germany: Schwarzfleckigkeit: Cayennepfeffer

EPPO code

• COCHSI (Cochliobolus spicifer)
• DRECTE (Drechslera tetramera)

Taxonomic Tree

• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Fungi
•         Phylum: Ascomycota
•             Subphylum: Pezizomycotina
•                 Class: Dothideomycetes
•                     Subclass: Pleosporomycetidae
•                         Order: Pleosporales
•                             Family: Pleosporaceae
•                                 Genus: Cochliobolus
•                                     Species: Cochliobolus spicifer

Distribution Table

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Growth Stages

References

Ahmadpour A; Donyadoost-Chelan M; Heidarian Z; Javan-Nikkhah M, 2011. New species of Bipolaris and Curvularia on grass species in Iran. Rostaniha, 12(1):39-49. http://www.magiran.com/rostaniha

Ahmadpour A; Javan-Nikkhah M; Naghavi MR; Dehkaei FP, 2014. Morphological and phylogenetic investigation of Bipolaris oryzae and some species of Bipolaris obtained from rice and grass weeds. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 50(2):Pe123-Pe135, En51-En53. http://www.ijpp.ir/article_10992_1823.html

Amanelah-Baharvandi H; Zafari D, 2015. First report of Cladosporium colocasiae as a pathogen causing leaf spot disease on taro (Colocasia esculenta) in Iran. Journal of Plant Pathology, 97(3):542. http://www.sipav.org/main/jpp/

Amaradasa BS; Amundsen K, 2014. First report of Curvularia inaequalis and Bipolaris spicifera causing leaf blight of buffalograss in Nebraska. Plant Disease, 98(2):279. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Ammar MI; El-Naggar MA, 2011. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fungal diseases in Najran, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Plant Pathology, 2(3):126-135. http://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=ijpp.2011.126.135&org=12

Anuja Khare; Srivastava M; Kumud Kumar; Vijay Kumar, 2003. In vitro studies on associative and antagonistic effects between seed-borne fungi and Alternaria tenuissima causing leaf blight in pigeonpea. Farm Science Journal, 12(2):153-154.

Banerjee N; Pandey AK; Jamaluddin, 2011. First report of the Drechslera state of Cochliobolus spicifer infecting seeds of Parthenium hysterophorus in India. New Disease Reports, 24:Article 7. http://www.ndrs.org.uk/article.php?id=024007

Bohra NK; Purohit DK, 2003. Mycoflora and elaboration of aflatoxin in stored seeds and pods of Prosopis cineraria. Advances in Plant Sciences, 16(1):63-66.

Deepak Kumar; Vikas Gupta; Verma VS, 2013. First report of Helminthosporium spiciferum (Bainer) Nicot on mint (Mentha arvensis). Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 8(1):73-74. http://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13314-013-0098-6/fulltext.html

Fakhrunnisa; Hashmi MH; Ghaffar A, 2006. Seedborne mycoflora of wheat, sorghum and barley. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 38(1):185-192. http://www.pjbot.org

IPPC, 2005. Disease of Crops. IPPC Official Pest Report. Rome, Italy: FAO. https://www.ippc.int/IPP/En/default.jsp

Kailash Agrawal; Rajni Jain; Kirti Sharma, 2008. Efficacy of root extract of Tinospora cordifolia against seed-borne pathogens of cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 16(1):143-146. http://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:apps&type=home

Kumud Kumar; Jitendra Singh; Ved Ratan, 2004. Seedborne fungi of cowpea, their parasitism and control. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 12(1):80-82.

Lalitha V; Kiran B; Raveesha KA, 2011. Antifungal activity of Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw. against seed borne fungi of paddy (Oryza sativa L). Journal of Phytology, 3(5):4-8. http://journal-phytology.com/article/view/6776/3458

Nasreen Nasir, 2003. Effect of fungicides in limiting the growth of seed borne fungi of soybean. Pakistan Journal of Plant Pathology, 2(2):119-122. http://www.ansinet.org/detail_issue.php?V_No=331&j_id=ppj#

Sahu RK; Agarwal VK; Sachan IP, 2003. Detection of fungi associated with the seeds of gulmohur (Delonix regia Boj. Hook.) Raf. Bioved, 14(1/2):37-40.

Saravanan T; Karuppiah R, 2005. Effects of fungicides, biocontrol agents and plant extracts on sorghum seed infection. Journal of Ecobiology, 17(5):461-465.

Sonawane VV; Bharaswadkar SB; Chavan AM, 2004. Studies on seedborne fungi of pea varieties cultivated in Marathwada. Flora and Fauna (Jhansi), 10(2):131-134.

Talevi S; Pucci N; Nardi S; Giambattista Gdi; Porta-Puglia A, 2004. Analysis of the mycoflora on wheat kernels imported from USA. (Micoflora presente su cariossidi di grano duro importato dagli Stati Uniti.) Informatore Fitopatologico, 54(10):41-45.

Vu AL; Dee MM; Gualandi RJ Jr; Huff S; Zale J; Gwinn KD; Ownley BH, 2011. First report of leaf spot caused by Bipolaris spicifera on switchgrass in the United States. Plant Disease, 95(9):1191. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Ünal F; Turgay EB; Yildirim AF, 2010. First detection of Bipolaris spicifera on sorghum in Turkey and pathogenicity on important gramineous plants. (Türkiye'de Sorgum bitkisinde Bipolaris spicifera'nin varliginin ilk tespiti ve önemli bugdaygil bitkilerinde patojenitesinin belirlenmesi.) Yüzüncü Yil Üniversitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20(3):153-158. http://tarimdergisi.yyu.edu.tr

Ünal F; Turgay EB; Yildirim AF; Yüksel C, 2011. First report of leaf blotch on sorghum caused by Bipolaris spicifera in Turkey. Plant Disease, 95(4):495. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Distribution References

Ahmadpour A, Donyadoost-Chelan M, Heidarian Z, Javan-Nikkhah M, 2011. New species of Bipolaris and Curvularia on grass species in Iran. Rostaniha. 12 (1), 39-49. http://www.magiran.com/rostaniha

Ahmadpour A, Javan-Nikkhah M, Naghavi M R, Dehkaei F P, 2014. Morphological and phylogenetic investigation of Bipolaris oryzae and some species of Bipolaris obtained from rice and grass weeds. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology. 50 (2), Pe123-Pe135, En51-En. http://www.ijpp.ir/article_10992_1823.html

Amanelah-Baharvandi H, Zafari D, 2015. First report of Cladosporium colocasiae as a pathogen causing leaf spot disease on taro (Colocasia esculenta) in Iran. Journal of Plant Pathology. 97 (3), 542. http://www.sipav.org/main/jpp/

Amaradasa B S, Amundsen K, 2014. First report of Curvularia inaequalis and Bipolaris spicifera causing leaf blight of buffalograss in Nebraska. Plant Disease. 98 (2), 279. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis DOI:10.1094/PDIS-05-13-0487-PDN

Ammar M I, El-Naggar M A, 2011. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fungal diseases in Najran, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Plant Pathology. 2 (3), 126-135. http://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=ijpp.2011.126.135&org=12 DOI:10.3923/ijpp.2011.126.135

Banerjee N, Pandey A K, Jamaluddin, 2011. First report of the Drechslera state of Cochliobolus spicifer infecting seeds of Parthenium hysterophorus in India. New Disease Reports. Article 7. http://www.ndrs.org.uk/article.php?id=024007

CABI Data Mining, Undated. CAB Abstracts Data Mining.,

CABI, Undated. Compendium record. Wallingford, UK: CABI

CABI, Undated a. CABI Compendium: Status inferred from regional distribution. Wallingford, UK: CABI

CABI, Undated b. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. Wallingford, UK: CABI

Deepak Kumar, Vikas Gupta, Verma V S, 2013. First report of Helminthosporium spiciferum (Bainer) Nicot on mint (Mentha arvensis). Australasian Plant Disease Notes. 8 (1), 73-74. http://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13314-013-0098-6/fulltext.html DOI:10.1007/s13314-013-0098-6

IPPC, 2005. Disease of Crops. In: IPPC Official Pest Report, Rome, Italy: FAO. https://www.ippc.int/IPP/En/default.jsp

Vu A L, Dee M M, Gualandi R J Jr, Huff S, Zale J, Gwinn K D, Ownley B H, 2011. First report of leaf spot caused by Bipolaris spicifera on switchgrass in the United States. Plant Disease. 95 (9), 1191. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis DOI:10.1094/PDIS-10-10-0774

Distribution Maps