Invasive Species Compendium

Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide

Datasheet

Cochliobolus spicifer
(spring dead spot of grasses)

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Datasheet

Cochliobolus spicifer (spring dead spot of grasses)

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Summary

  • Last modified
  • 16 November 2021
  • Datasheet Type(s)
  • Pest
  • Natural Enemy
  • Preferred Scientific Name
  • Cochliobolus spicifer
  • Preferred Common Name
  • spring dead spot of grasses
  • Taxonomic Tree
  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •   Kingdom: Fungi
  •     Phylum: Ascomycota
  •       Subphylum: Pezizomycotina
  •         Class: Dothideomycetes
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    Compendia
    CAB International
    Wallingford
    Oxfordshire
    OX10 8DE
    UK
    compend@cabi.org
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Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

  • Cochliobolus spicifer Nelson

Preferred Common Name

  • spring dead spot of grasses

Other Scientific Names

  • Bipolaris spicifera (Bainier) Subram.
  • Brachycladium spiciferum Bainier
  • Curvularia spicifera (Bainier) Boedijn
  • Drechslera spicifera (Bainier) von Arx
  • Drechslera tetramera (McKinney) Shoemaker
  • Helminthosporium spiciferum (Bainier) Nicot

International Common Names

  • English: foot rot of wheat; leaf blotch of cereals
  • Spanish: manchas negras del pimiento de Cayena
  • French: maladie des taches noires du poivrier de Cayenne

Local Common Names

  • Germany: Schwarzfleckigkeit: Cayennepfeffer

EPPO code

  • COCHSI (Cochliobolus spicifer)
  • DRECTE (Drechslera tetramera)

Taxonomic Tree

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  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Fungi
  •         Phylum: Ascomycota
  •             Subphylum: Pezizomycotina
  •                 Class: Dothideomycetes
  •                     Subclass: Pleosporomycetidae
  •                         Order: Pleosporales
  •                             Family: Pleosporaceae
  •                                 Genus: Cochliobolus
  •                                     Species: Cochliobolus spicifer

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Last updated: 21 Jul 2022
Continent/Country/Region Distribution Last Reported Origin First Reported Invasive Reference Notes

Africa

EgyptPresent
GhanaPresent
MoroccoPresent
SudanPresent

Asia

AzerbaijanPresent
ChinaPresent2014
-HunanPresent
-ShandongPresent
-ZhejiangPresent
IndiaPresent
-GujaratPresent
-Madhya PradeshPresent
-PunjabPresent
-RajasthanPresent
-Uttar PradeshPresent
IranPresent
IraqPresent
NepalPresent
OmanPresent
PakistanPresent
Saudi ArabiaPresent
TurkeyPresentOriginal citation: Ünal et al. (2011)

Europe

GreecePresent
HungaryPresent
ItalyPresentSouth

North America

United StatesPresentPresent based on regional distribution.
-MississippiPresent
-NebraskaPresent
-TennesseePresent

South America

ArgentinaPresent

Growth Stages

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Post-harvest

References

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Ahmadpour A, Donyadoost-Chelan M, Heidarian Z, Javan-Nikkhah M, 2011. New species of Bipolaris and Curvularia on grass species in Iran. Rostaniha, 12(1):39-49. http://www.magiran.com/rostaniha

Ahmadpour A, Javan-Nikkhah M, Naghavi MR, Dehkaei FP, 2014. Morphological and phylogenetic investigation of Bipolaris oryzae and some species of Bipolaris obtained from rice and grass weeds. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 50(2):Pe123-Pe135, En51-En53. http://www.ijpp.ir/article_10992_1823.html

Al-Sadi, A. M., Al-Ghaithi, A. G., Al-Fahdi, N., Al-Yahyai, R., 2014. Characterization and pathogenicity of fungal pathogens associated with root diseases of citrus in Oman. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 16(2), 371-376. http://www.fspublishers.org/published_papers/94276_..pdf

Amanelah-Baharvandi H, Zafari D, 2015. First report of Cladosporium colocasiae as a pathogen causing leaf spot disease on taro (Colocasia esculenta) in Iran. Journal of Plant Pathology, 97(3):542. http://www.sipav.org/main/jpp/

Amaradasa BS, Amundsen K, 2014. First report of Curvularia inaequalis and Bipolaris spicifera causing leaf blight of buffalograss in Nebraska. Plant Disease, 98(2):279. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Ammar MI, El-Naggar MA, 2011. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fungal diseases in Najran, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Plant Pathology, 2(3):126-135. http://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=ijpp.2011.126.135&org=12

Anuja Khare, Srivastava M, Kumud Kumar, Vijay Kumar, 2003. In vitro studies on associative and antagonistic effects between seed-borne fungi and Alternaria tenuissima causing leaf blight in pigeonpea. Farm Science Journal, 12(2):153-154

Banerjee N, Pandey AK, Jamaluddin, 2011. First report of the Drechslera state of Cochliobolus spicifer infecting seeds of Parthenium hysterophorus in India. New Disease Reports, 24:Article 7. http://www.ndrs.org.uk/article.php?id=024007

Bohra NK, Purohit DK, 2003. Mycoflora and elaboration of aflatoxin in stored seeds and pods of Prosopis cineraria. Advances in Plant Sciences, 16(1):63-66

Cui WenLi, Lu XiaoQiang, Bian JinYue, Qi XiLing, Li DeWei, Huang Lin, 2020. Curvularia spicifera and Curvularia muehlenbeckiae causing leaf blight on Cunninghamia lanceolata. Plant Pathology, 69(6), 1139-1147. doi: 10.1111/ppa.13198

Deepak Kumar, Vikas Gupta, Verma VS, 2013. First report of Helminthosporium spiciferum (Bainer) Nicot on mint (Mentha arvensis). Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 8(1):73-74. http://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13314-013-0098-6/fulltext.html

El-Nagerabi, S. A. F., Elshafie, A. E., 2000. Composition of mycoflora and aflatoxins in lupine seeds from the Sudan. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 39(2), 257-262.

Fakhrunnisa, Hashmi MH, Ghaffar A, 2006. Seedborne mycoflora of wheat, sorghum and barley. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 38(1):185-192. http://www.pjbot.org

Garganese, F., Sanzani, S. M., Mincuzzi, A., Ippolito, A., 2015. First report of Curvularia spicifera causing brown rot of citrus in southern Italy. Journal of Plant Pathology, 97(3), 543. http://www.sipav.org/main/jpp/

IPPC, 2005. Disease of Crops. IPPC Official Pest Report. Rome, Italy: FAO. https://www.ippc.int/IPP/En/default.jsp

Ismail, A. M., Essa, T. A., Kamel, S. M., Perrone, G., 2016. First report of Curvularia spicifera causing leaf spot on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Egypt. Journal of Plant Pathology, 98(3), 679. http://www.sipav.org/main/jpp/index.php/jpp/article/view/3684/2339

Kailash Agrawal, Rajni Jain, Kirti Sharma, 2008. Efficacy of root extract of Tinospora cordifolia against seed-borne pathogens of cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.]. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 16(1):143-146. http://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:apps&type=home

Kumud Kumar, Jitendra Singh, Ved Ratan, 2004. Seedborne fungi of cowpea, their parasitism and control. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 12(1):80-82

Lalitha V, Kiran B, Raveesha KA, 2011. Antifungal activity of Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw. against seed borne fungi of paddy (Oryza sativa L). Journal of Phytology, 3(5):4-8. http://journal-phytology.com/article/view/6776/3458

Li, G. F., Liu, K. X., Xiao, S. Q., Lu, Y. Y., Xue, C. S., Wang, G. Q., 2016. First report of leaf spot of maize (Zea mays) caused by Bipolaris spicifera in China. Plant Disease, 100(4), 855. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-07-15-0750-PDN

Mubashir Niaz, Abbas, S. Q., Rubab Ayesha, Iftikhar Ali, Tehreema Iftikhar, 2010. New fungal records on Morus alba from Faisalabad Pakistan II. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42(3), 1949-1958. http://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/42(3)/PJB42(3)1949.pdf

Nasreen Nasir, 2003. Effect of fungicides in limiting the growth of seed borne fungi of soybean. Pakistan Journal of Plant Pathology, 2(2):119-122. http://www.ansinet.org/detail_issue.php?V_No=331&j_id=ppj#

Pratt, R. G., 2001. Occurrence and virulence of Bipolaris hawaiiensis on bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) on poultry waste application sites in Mississippi. Plant Disease, 85(11), 1206. doi: 10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.11.1206B

Pratt, R. G., 2006. Johnsongrass, yellow foxtail, and broadleaf signalgrass as new hosts for six species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, and Exserohilum pathogenic to bermudagrass. Plant Disease, 90(4), 528. doi: 10.1094/PD-90-0528B

Sahu RK, Agarwal VK, Sachan IP, 2003. Detection of fungi associated with the seeds of gulmohur (Delonix regia Boj. Hook.) Raf. Bioved, 14(1/2):37-40

Samira Serghat, Karima Mradmi, Touhami, A. O., Allal Douira, 2005. Rice leaf pathogenic fungi on wheat, oat, Echinochloa phyllopogon and Phragmites australis. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 44(1), 44-49.

Saravanan T, Karuppiah R, 2005. Effects of fungicides, biocontrol agents and plant extracts on sorghum seed infection. Journal of Ecobiology, 17(5):461-465

Shahzad, S., 2001. Fungi associated with root and stem of betelvine in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 33(2), 217-219.

Shamim Iftikhar, Shahzad Asad, Anjum Munir, Iftikhar Ahmad, Amir Sultan, 2006. Prevalence and distribution of foliar blight pathogens of wheat in different agroecological zones of Pakistan, with special reference to Bipolaris sorokiniana. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 38(1), 205-210. http://www.pjbot.org

Shazia Iram, Iftikhar Ahmad, 2005. Prevalence and disease incidence of foliar blight of wheat in rice wheat cropping system of Punjab. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 37(4), 973-980. http://www.pjbot.org

Sonawane VV, Bharaswadkar SB, Chavan AM, 2004. Studies on seedborne fungi of pea varieties cultivated in Marathwada. Flora and Fauna (Jhansi), 10(2):131-134

Talevi S, Pucci N, Nardi S, Giambattista Gdi, Porta-Puglia A, 2004. Analysis of the mycoflora on wheat kernels imported from USA. (Micoflora presente su cariossidi di grano duro importato dagli Stati Uniti.) Informatore Fitopatologico, 54(10):41-45

Vu AL, Dee MM, Gualandi RJ Jr, Huff S, Zale J, Gwinn KD, Ownley BH, 2011. First report of leaf spot caused by Bipolaris spicifera on switchgrass in the United States. Plant Disease, 95(9):1191. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Ünal F, Turgay EB, Yildirim AF, 2010. First detection of Bipolaris spicifera on sorghum in Turkey and pathogenicity on important gramineous plants. (Türkiye'de Sorgum bitkisinde Bipolaris spicifera'nin varliginin ilk tespiti ve önemli bugdaygil bitkilerinde patojenitesinin belirlenmesi.) Yüzüncü Yil Üniversitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20(3):153-158. http://tarimdergisi.yyu.edu.tr

Ünal F, Turgay EB, Yildirim AF, Yüksel C, 2011. First report of leaf blotch on sorghum caused by Bipolaris spicifera in Turkey. Plant Disease, 95(4):495. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis

Ünal, F., Tülek, S., Bingöl, M. Ü., Öztürk, Ö., Eğerci, Y., Kurbetli, İ., Canpolat, S., Sarpkaya, K., Ünlü, A., Dolar, F. S., 2020. Identification and pathogenicity studies of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) fungi on turfgrass areas in Turkey. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 60(1), 63-69. doi: 10.16955/bitkorb.574000

Distribution References

Ahmadpour A, Donyadoost-Chelan M, Heidarian Z, Javan-Nikkhah M, 2011. New species of Bipolaris and Curvularia on grass species in Iran. Rostaniha. 12 (1), 39-49. http://www.magiran.com/rostaniha

Ahmadpour A, Javan-Nikkhah M, Naghavi M R, Dehkaei F P, 2014. Morphological and phylogenetic investigation of Bipolaris oryzae and some species of Bipolaris obtained from rice and grass weeds. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology. 50 (2), Pe123-Pe135, En51-En. http://www.ijpp.ir/article_10992_1823.html

Al-Sadi A M, Al-Ghaithi A G, Al-Fahdi N, Al-Yahyai R, 2014. Characterization and pathogenicity of fungal pathogens associated with root diseases of citrus in Oman. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 16 (2), 371-376. http://www.fspublishers.org/published_papers/94276_..pdf

Amanelah-Baharvandi H, Zafari D, 2015. First report of Cladosporium colocasiae as a pathogen causing leaf spot disease on taro (Colocasia esculenta) in Iran. Journal of Plant Pathology. 97 (3), 542. http://www.sipav.org/main/jpp/

Amaradasa B S, Amundsen K, 2014. First report of Curvularia inaequalis and Bipolaris spicifera causing leaf blight of buffalograss in Nebraska. Plant Disease. 98 (2), 279. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis DOI:10.1094/PDIS-05-13-0487-PDN

Ammar M I, El-Naggar M A, 2011. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fungal diseases in Najran, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Plant Pathology. 2 (3), 126-135. http://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=ijpp.2011.126.135&org=12 DOI:10.3923/ijpp.2011.126.135

Banerjee N, Pandey A K, Jamaluddin, 2011. First report of the Drechslera state of Cochliobolus spicifer infecting seeds of Parthenium hysterophorus in India. New Disease Reports. Article 7. http://www.ndrs.org.uk/article.php?id=024007

CABI Data Mining, Undated. CAB Abstracts Data Mining.,

CABI, Undated. Compendium record. Wallingford, UK: CABI

CABI, Undated a. CABI Compendium: Status inferred from regional distribution. Wallingford, UK: CABI

CABI, Undated b. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. Wallingford, UK: CABI

Cui WenLi, Lu XiaoQiang, Bian JinYue, Qi XiLing, Li DeWei, Huang Lin, 2020. Curvularia spicifera and Curvularia muehlenbeckiae causing leaf blight on Cunninghamia lanceolata. Plant Pathology. 69 (6), 1139-1147. DOI:10.1111/ppa.13198

Deepak Kumar, Vikas Gupta, Verma V S, 2013. First report of Helminthosporium spiciferum (Bainer) Nicot on mint (Mentha arvensis). Australasian Plant Disease Notes. 8 (1), 73-74. http://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13314-013-0098-6/fulltext.html DOI:10.1007/s13314-013-0098-6

El-Nagerabi S A F, Elshafie A E, 2000. Composition of mycoflora and aflatoxins in lupine seeds from the Sudan. Phytopathologia Mediterranea. 39 (2), 257-262.

Garganese F, Sanzani S M, Mincuzzi A, Ippolito A, 2015. First report of Curvularia spicifera causing brown rot of citrus in southern Italy. Journal of Plant Pathology. 97 (3), 543. http://www.sipav.org/main/jpp/

IPPC, 2005. Disease of Crops. In: IPPC Official Pest Report, Rome, Italy: FAO. https://www.ippc.int/IPP/En/default.jsp

Li G F, Liu K X, Xiao S Q, Lu Y Y, Xue C S, Wang G Q, 2016. First report of leaf spot of maize (Zea mays) caused by Bipolaris spicifera in China. Plant Disease. 100 (4), 855. DOI:10.1094/PDIS-07-15-0750-PDN

Mubashir Niaz, Abbas S Q, Rubab Ayesha, Iftikhar Ali, Tehreema Iftikhar, 2010. New fungal records on Morus alba from Faisalabad Pakistan II. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 42 (3), 1949-1958. http://www.pakbs.org/pjbot/PDFs/42(3)/PJB42(3)1949.pdf

Özer G, Imren M, Alkan M, Paulitz T C, Bayraktar H, Palacioğlu G, Mehdiyev I, Muminjanov H, Dababat A A, 2020a. Molecular and pathogenic characterization of Cochliobolus anamorphs associated with common root rot of wheat in Azerbaijan. Phytopathologia Mediterranea. 59 (1), 147-158. DOI:10.14601/Phyto-10772

Özer G, Paulitz T C, Imren M, Alkan M, Muminjanov H, Dababat A A, 2020. Identity and pathogenicity of fungi associated with crown and root rot of dryland winter wheat in Azerbaijan. Plant Disease. 104 (8), 2149-2157. DOI:10.1094/PDIS-08-19-1799-RE

Pratt R G, 2001. Occurrence and virulence of Bipolaris hawaiiensis on bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) on poultry waste application sites in Mississippi. Plant Disease. 85 (11), 1206. DOI:10.1094/PDIS.2001.85.11.1206B

Pratt R G, 2006. Johnsongrass, yellow foxtail, and broadleaf signalgrass as new hosts for six species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, and Exserohilum pathogenic to bermudagrass. Plant Disease. 90 (4), 528. DOI:10.1094/PD-90-0528B

Samira Serghat, Karima Mradmi, Touhami A O, Allal Douira, 2005. Rice leaf pathogenic fungi on wheat, oat, Echinochloa phyllopogon and Phragmites australis. Phytopathologia Mediterranea. 44 (1), 44-49.

Shahzad S, 2001. Fungi associated with root and stem of betelvine in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 33 (2), 217-219.

Shazia Iram, Iftikhar Ahmad, 2005. Prevalence and disease incidence of foliar blight of wheat in rice wheat cropping system of Punjab. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 37 (4), 973-980. http://www.pjbot.org

Ünal F, Tülek S, Bingöl M Ü, Öztürk Ö, Eğerci Y, Kurbetli İ, Canpolat S, Sarpkaya K, Ünlü A, Dolar F S, 2020. Identification and pathogenicity studies of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) fungi on turfgrass areas in Turkey. Bitki Koruma Bülteni. 60 (1), 63-69. DOI:10.16955/bitkorb.574000

Vu A L, Dee M M, Gualandi R J Jr, Huff S, Zale J, Gwinn K D, Ownley B H, 2011. First report of leaf spot caused by Bipolaris spicifera on switchgrass in the United States. Plant Disease. 95 (9), 1191. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/loi/pdis DOI:10.1094/PDIS-10-10-0774

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