Coccus viridis (soft green scale)

Pictures

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Picture

Title

Caption

Copyright

Scale infestation

C. viridis, sooty mould due to scale infestation.

©S.D. Sawant

Coccus viridis infected by V. lecanii|Natural enemy

C. viridis infected by entomopathogenic fungus Verticillium lecanii on citrus.|Coccus viridis infected by V. lecanii on citrus.

©S.D. Sawant

Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

Coccus viridis (Green)

Preferred Common Name

soft green scale

Other Scientific Names

Eulecanium viridis
Lecanium viride
Lecanium viridis

International Common Names

English: coffee, scale, green; green coffee scale; green scale; green shield scale; soft scale, green
Spanish: cochinilla verde del caffe; escama verde; escama verde blanda; escama verde de los cítricos; escama verde del cafeto; escamas del cafe
French: cochenille verte du cafeier; cochenille verte du caféier
Portuguese: cochonilha verde; escama verde

Local Common Names

Germany: Schildlaus, Gruene Kaffee-
Netherlands: Dopluis, groene; Koffieluis, groene

EPPO code

COCCVI (Coccus viridis)

Taxonomic Tree

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Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Metazoa
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Uniramia
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Sternorrhyncha
Unknown: Coccoidea
Family: Coccidae
Genus: Coccus
Species: Coccus viridis

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Last updated: 23 Apr 2020

Continent/Country/Region	Distribution	Reference
Africa
Angola	Present	EPPO (2020)
Benin	Present	EPPO (2020)
Burkina Faso	Present	EPPO (2020)
Cabo Verde	Present	EPPO (2020)
Cameroon	Present	EPPO (2020)
Comoros	Present	EPPO (2020)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	Present	EPPO (2020)
Côte d'Ivoire	Present	EPPO (2020)
Ethiopia	Present	EPPO (2020)
Ghana	Present	EPPO (2020)
Guinea	Present	EPPO (2020)
Kenya	Present	EPPO (2020)
Madagascar	Present	EPPO (2020)
Mali	Present	EPPO (2020)
Mauritius	Present	EPPO (2020)
Niger	Present	EPPO (2020)
Nigeria	Present	EPPO (2020)
Réunion	Present	EPPO (2020)
São Tomé and Príncipe	Present	EPPO (2020)
Senegal	Present	EPPO (2020)
Seychelles	Present	EPPO (2020)
Sierra Leone	Present	EPPO (2020)
South Africa	Present	EPPO (2020)
Tanzania	Present	Bohlen (1973); EPPO (2020)
Togo	Present	EPPO (2020)
Uganda	Present	EPPO (2020)
Zambia	Present	EPPO (2020)
Asia
Bangladesh	Present	EPPO (2020)
Brunei	Present	Waterhouse (1993)
Cambodia	Absent, Invalid presence record(s)	Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2020)
China	Present	EPPO (2020)
Hong Kong	Present	EPPO (2020)
India	Present, Localized	EPPO (2020)
-Assam	Present	EPPO (2020)
-Bihar	Present	EPPO (2020)
-Himachal Pradesh	Present	Reddy and Ruchi Sharma (2015)
-Karnataka	Present	EPPO (2020)
-Kerala	Present	EPPO (2020)
-Tamil Nadu	Present	EPPO (2020)
-Uttar Pradesh	Present	CABI Data Mining (Undated)
Indonesia	Present, Localized	EPPO (2020)
-Irian Jaya	Present	EPPO (2020)
-Java	Present	EPPO (2020)
-Sumatra	Present	EPPO (2020)
Laos	Absent, Invalid presence record(s)	Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2020)
Malaysia	Present, Widespread	EPPO (2020)
-Peninsular Malaysia	Present	EPPO (2020)
-Sabah	Present	EPPO (2020)
-Sarawak	Present	EPPO (2020)
Myanmar	Present	Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2020)
Pakistan	Present	EPPO (2020)
Philippines	Present	EPPO (2020)
Singapore	Present	Waterhouse (1993)
Sri Lanka	Present	EPPO (2020)
Taiwan	Present	EPPO (2020)
Thailand	Present	Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2020)
Vietnam	Present	Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2020)
Europe
Portugal	Present, Localized	EPPO (2020)
-Azores	Present	EPPO (2020)
-Madeira	Present	EPPO (2020)
United Kingdom	Present	Malumphy and Treseder (2012)
North America
Antigua and Barbuda	Present	EPPO (2020)
Bahamas	Present	EPPO (2020)
Barbados	Present	EPPO (2020)
Bermuda	Present	EPPO (2020)
British Virgin Islands	Present	EPPO (2020)
Cayman Islands	Present	EPPO (2020)
Costa Rica	Present	CABI (Undated)
Cuba	Present	EPPO (2020)
Dominica	Present	EPPO (2020)
Dominican Republic	Present	EPPO (2020)
El Salvador	Present	EPPO (2020)
Grenada	Present, Widespread	EPPO (2020)
Guadeloupe	Present	EPPO (2020)
Guatemala	Present	EPPO (2020)
Haiti	Present	EPPO (2020)
Jamaica	Present	EPPO (2020)
Martinique	Present	EPPO (2020)
Mexico	Present	EPPO (2020); Arriola Padilla et al. (2016)
Montserrat	Present	EPPO (2020)
Nicaragua	Present	EPPO (2020)
Panama	Present	EPPO (2020)
Puerto Rico	Present	EPPO (2020)
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Present	EPPO (2020)
Saint Lucia	Present	EPPO (2020)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Present	EPPO (2020)
Trinidad and Tobago	Present	EPPO (2020)
U.S. Virgin Islands	Present	EPPO (2020)
United States	Present, Localized	EPPO (2020)
-Florida	Present	EPPO (2020)
-Hawaii	Present	EPPO (2020)
Oceania
American Samoa	Present	EPPO (2020)
Australia	Present, Localized	EPPO (2020)
-Queensland	Present, Localized	EPPO (2020)
Federated States of Micronesia	Present	EPPO (2020)
Fiji	Present	EPPO (2020)
French Polynesia	Present	EPPO (2020)
Guam	Present	APPPC (1987); EPPO (2020)
Kiribati	Present	EPPO (2020)
Nauru	Present	CABI Data Mining (Undated)
New Caledonia	Present	EPPO (2020)
Niue	Present	APPPC (1987)
Northern Mariana Islands	Present	EPPO (2020)
Palau	Present	EPPO (2020)
Papua New Guinea	Present	EPPO (2020)
Samoa	Present	EPPO (2020)
Tonga	Present	EPPO (2020)
Vanuatu	Present	APPPC (1987)
South America
Bolivia	Present	EPPO (2020)
Brazil	Present, Localized	EPPO (2020)
-Bahia	Present	EPPO (2020)
-Espirito Santo	Present	Culik et al. (2009); EPPO (2020)
-Minas Gerais	Present	EPPO (2020)
-Para	Present	EPPO (2020)
-Rio de Janeiro	Present	EPPO (2020)
-Rio Grande do Norte	Present	EPPO (2020)
-Santa Catarina	Present	EPPO (2020)
-Sao Paulo	Present	EPPO (2020)
Colombia	Present	EPPO (2020)
French Guiana	Present	EPPO (2020)
Guyana	Present	EPPO (2020)
Peru	Present	EPPO (2020)
Suriname	Present	EPPO (2020)
Venezuela	Present	EPPO (2020)

Growth Stages

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List of Symptoms/Signs

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Sign	Life Stages	Type
Fruit / external feeding
Leaves / honeydew or sooty mould
Leaves / honeydew or sooty mould
Stems / external feeding

Natural enemies

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Natural enemy	Type	Life stages	Biological control in	Biological control on
Anicetus annulatus	Parasite		India; Karnataka; India; Tamil Nadu	coffee; Vallaris solanacea
Aschersonia aleyrodes	Pathogen	Nymphs
Aschersonia placenta	Pathogen	Adults/Nymphs
Azya luteipes	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Azya orbigera	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Camponotus rufipes	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Cerapteroceroides similis	Parasite
Chilocorus cacti	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Chilocorus melanophthalmus	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Chilocorus nigrita	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Chilocorus politus	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Coccophagus bogoriensis	Parasite	Adults/Nymphs
Coccophagus caridei	Parasite	Adults/Nymphs	Puerto Rico
Coccophagus ceroplastae	Parasite	Adults/Nymphs	India; Karnataka	Manilkara zapota; Vallaris solanacea
Coccophagus cowperi	Parasite	Adults/Nymphs	India; Karnataka	Manilkara zapota; Vallaris solanacea
Coccophagus fallax	Parasite	Adults/Nymphs	Puerto Rico
Coelophora atrolineata	Predator	Adults/Nymphs	Hawaii
Coelophora quadrivittata	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Creobota proleucella	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri	Predator	Adults/Nymphs	Australia; Queensland; India; Tamil Nadu	Citrus; Plumeria rubra
Decadiomus hughesi	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Diversinervus stramineus	Parasite
Dorymyrmex insanus	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Encyrtus lecaniorum	Parasite		India; Karnataka	coffee
Entomophthora lecanii	Pathogen	Adults/Nymphs
Eublemma costimacula	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Eublemma vacillans	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Exochomus quadripustulatus	Predator	Adults/Nymphs	Cape Verde	Citrus
Halmus chalybeus	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Hypocrella javanica	Pathogen	Adults/Nymphs
Hypocrella raciborskii	Pathogen	Adults/Nymphs
Hypocrella reieckiana	Pathogen	Adults/Nymphs
Jauravia pallidula	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Lecanicillium lecanii	Pathogen	Adults/Nymphs	India
Marietta leopardina	Parasite	Adults/Nymphs
Metaphycus baruensis	Parasite		Papua New Guinea	coffee
Metaphycus helvolus	Parasite		India; Karnataka	coffee
Metaphycus lichtensiae	Parasite		India; Karnataka	Nerium oleander
Metaphycus luteolus	Parasite		Hawaii
Metaphycus maculatus	Parasite		India; Karnataka	Citrus; Nerium oleander
Metaphycus stanleyi	Parasite
Microterys flavus	Parasite		India; Karnataka	coffee
Miletus boisduvali	Predator	Adults/Nymphs
Praleurocerus viridis	Parasite
Pseudoazya luteipes	Predator	Adults/Nymphs	Hawaii
Rhyzobius forestieri	Predator	Adults/Nymphs	Cape Verde	Citrus

References

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APPPC, 1987. Insect pests of economic significance affecting major crops of the countries in Asia and the Pacific region. Technical Document No. 135. Bangkok, Thailand: Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific region (RAPA).

Arriola Padilla VJ; Estrada Martínez E; Romero Nápoles J; González Hernández H; Pérez Miranda R, 2016. Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) on ornamental plants in greenhouses from the central zone of the Morelos state, Mexico. (Insectos escama (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) en plantas ornamentales en viveros de la zona centro del estado de Morelos, México.) Interciencia, 41(8):552-560. http://www.interciencia.org/v41_08/indexe.html

Bohlen E, 1973. Crop pests in Tanzania and their control. Berlin, Germany: Verlag Paul Parey.

Culik MP; Ventura JA; Martins Ddos S, 2009. Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae) of pineapple in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Acta Horticulturae [Proceedings of the Sixth International Pineapple Symposium, Joao Pessoa, Brazil, 18-23 November 2007.], No.822:215-218. http://www.actahort.org

EPPO, 2014. PQR database. Paris, France: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. http://www.eppo.int/DATABASES/pqr/pqr.htm

Kohler G, 1976. Contribution to knowledge of the male of the green coffee coccid, Coccus viridis (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccinea - Coccidae). (Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Mannchens der Grunen Kaffeeschildlaus, Coccus viridis (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccinea - Coccidae).) Beitrage zur Entomologie, 26(2):471-477.

Malumphy C; Treseder K, 2012. Green coffee scale Coccus viridis (Hemiptera: Coccidae), new to Britain. British Journal of Entomology and Natural History, 25(4):217-223. http://www.benhs.org.uk

Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería Servicio Fitosanitario del Estado (Costa Rica), 2009. Listado de Plagas (insectos y ácaros) en cultivos de importancia económica en Costa Rica (C). http://www.protecnet.go.cr/laboratorios/plagcul/cultivoc.htm

Reddy SGE; Ruchi Sharma, 2015. First report of scale insects as pests of Kangra tea in Himachal Pradesh, India. Current Biotica, 9(3):289-292. http://www.currentbiotica.com/CB/Journals9-Issue-III/CB-9-3-Short-notes-4.pdf

Waterhouse DF, 1993. The Major Arthropod Pests and Weeds of Agriculture in Southeast Asia. ACIAR Monograph No. 21. Canberra, Australia: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, 141 pp.

Distribution References

APPPC, 1987. Insect pests of economic significance affecting major crops of the countries in Asia and the Pacific region. In: Technical Document No. 135, Bangkok, Thailand: Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific region (RAPA).

Arriola Padilla V J, Estrada Martínez E, Romero Nápoles J, González Hernández H, Pérez Miranda R, 2016. Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) on ornamental plants in greenhouses from the central zone of the Morelos state, Mexico. (Insectos escama (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) en plantas ornamentales en viveros de la zona centro del estado de Morelos, México.). Interciencia. 41 (8), 552-560. http://www.interciencia.org/v41_08/indexe.html

Bohlen E, 1973. Crop pests in Tanzania and their control. In: Crop pests in Tanzania and their control. Berlin, Germany: Verlag Paul Parey. 142pp.

CABI Data Mining, Undated. CAB Abstracts Data Mining.,

CABI, Undated. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. Wallingford, UK: CABI

Culik M P, Ventura J A, Martins D dos S, 2009. Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae) of pineapple in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Acta Horticulturae. 215-218. http://www.actahort.org

EPPO, 2020. EPPO Global database. In: EPPO Global database, Paris, France: EPPO.

Malumphy C, Treseder K, 2012. Green coffee scale Coccus viridis (Hemiptera: Coccidae), new to Britain. British Journal of Entomology and Natural History. 25 (4), 217-223. http://www.benhs.org.uk

Reddy S G E, Ruchi Sharma, 2015. First report of scale insects as pests of Kangra tea in Himachal Pradesh, India. Current Biotica. 9 (3), 289-292. http://www.currentbiotica.com/CB/Journals9-Issue-III/CB-9-3-Short-notes-4.pdf

Waterhouse D F, 1993. The major arthropod pests and weeds of agriculture in Southeast Asia. Canberra, Australia: ACIAR. v + 141 pp.