Citrus sinensis
(navel orange)

Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

• Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck

Preferred Common Name

• navel orange

Other Scientific Names

• Citrus aurantium sinensis
• Citrus aurantium var. sinensis L.
• Citrus macracantha Hassk.

International Common Names

• English: orange; orange (sweet); sweet orange; Valencia orange
• Spanish: naranja; naranjo dulce
• French: oranger; oranger doux; sanguine
• Portuguese: laranjeira

Local Common Names

• Germany: Apfelsine; Orangenbaum
• Italy: arancio dolce
• Netherlands: sinaasappelboom
• Sweden: apelsin

EPPO code

• CIDSI (Citrus sinensis)

Taxonomic Tree

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• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Plantae
•         Phylum: Spermatophyta
•             Subphylum: Angiospermae
•                 Class: Dicotyledonae
•                     Order: Rutales
•                         Family: Rutaceae
•                             Genus: Citrus
•                                 Species: Citrus sinensis

List of Pests

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Major host of:

Aceria sheldoni (citrus bud mite); Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm); Aleurodicus dugesii; Alternaria citri (stalk end rot); Amblypelta cocophaga (coconut bug); Anastrepha ludens (Mexican fruit fly); Anoplophora chinensis (black and white citrus longhorn); Aonidiella aurantii (red scale); Aonidiella citrina (yellow scale); Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid); Araecerus fasciculatus (cocoa weevil); Armillaria tabescens (armillaria root rot); Atherigona orientalis (pepper fruit fly); Aulacorthum solani (foxglove aphid); Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly); Bactrocera minax (Chinese citrus fly); Bactrocera tsuneonis (Japanese orange fly); Belonolaimus longicaudatus (sting nematode); Brevipalpus lewisi (citrus flat mite); Brevipalpus phoenicis (false spider mite); Capnodium citri (sooty mould); Ceroplastes destructor (white wax scale); Ceroplastes floridensis (soft scale); Ceroplastes rubens (red wax scale); Chalara elegans (black root rot); Chrysomphalus aonidum (circular scale); Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale); Citripestis sagittiferella (citrus fruit borer); Citrus blight disease (citrus blight); citrus huanglongbing (greening) disease (citrus greening); Citrus impietratura disease (samrah); Citrus leprosis virus C (leprosis of citrus); Citrus tristeza virus (citrus tristeza); Citrus viroid V; Citrus yellow mosaic virus (mosaic of citrus); Commelina benghalensis (wandering jew); Commelina diffusa (spreading dayflower); Dialeurodes citri (citrus whitefly); Diaporthe citri (melanose of Citrus); Ditylenchus destructor (potato tuber nematode); Dysmicoccus neobrevipes (grey pineapple mealybug); Elsinoë australis (citrus scab); Elsinoë fawcettii (citrus scab); Eudocima apta (orange moth); Eudocima fullonia (fruit-piercing moth); Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips); Geotrichum candidum (citrus race) (citrus sour rot); Glomerella cingulata (anthracnose); Gonodonta incurva (fruit-piercing moth); Guignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot); Gymnandrosoma aurantianum (citrus fruit borer); Helicotylenchus dihystera (common spiral nematode); Hop stunt viroid (hop stunt viroid); Indarbela quadrinotata (bark eating caterpillar); Indian citrus ringspot virus; Liberibacter africanus (African greening); Liberibacter americanus (American greening); Liberibacter asiaticus (Asian greening); Longidorus (longidorids); Mycosphaerella citri (greasy spot); Panonychus citri (citrus red mite); Pantomorus cervinus (Fuller's rose beetle); Paratrichodorus porosus; Parlatoria pergandii (chaff scale); Parlatoria ziziphi (black parlatoria scale); Penicillium digitatum (green mould); Penicillium italicum (blue mould); Pezothrips kellyanus (kelly's citrus thrips); Pinnaspis strachani (lesser snow scale); Pratylenchus penetrans (nematode, northern root lesion); Pratylenchus vulnus (walnut root lesion nematode); Pseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.); Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (bacterial canker or blast (stone and pome fruits)); Rhizobium radiobacter (crown gall); Rhizobium rhizogenes (gall); Rosellinia bunodes (black root rot); Scirtothrips aurantii (South African citrus thrips); Scirtothrips dorsalis (chilli thrips); Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (cottony soft rot); Selenaspidus articulatus (West Indian red scale); Spiroplasma citri (stubborn disease of citrus); Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid); Trichodorus (stubby root nematodes); Unaspis citri (citrus snow scale); Unaspis yanonensis (arrowhead scale); Urophorus humeralis (pineapple sap beetle); Xanthomonas citri (citrus canker); Xiphinema americanum (dagger nematode); Xylella fastidiosa (Pierce's disease of grapevines); Zonocerus elegans (elegant grasshopper); Zonocerus variegatus (variegated grasshopper)

Minor host of:

Achatina fulica (giant African land snail); Adoretus versutus (rose beetle); Aleurocanthus woglumi (citrus blackfly); Anastrepha fraterculus (South American fruit fly); Anastrepha obliqua (West Indian fruit fly); Anastrepha serpentina (sapodilla fruit fly); Anastrepha striata (guava fruit fly); Anastrepha suspensa (Caribbean fruit fly); Apate monachus (black borer); Aphis fabae (black bean aphid); Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid); Armillaria luteobubalina (armillaria root rot); Aspergillus niger (black mould of onion); Bactrocera carambolae (carambola fruit fly); Bactrocera cucurbitae (melon fly); Bactrocera facialis; Bactrocera frauenfeldi (mango fruit fly); Bactrocera jarvisi (Jarvis' fruit fly); Bactrocera kirki; Bactrocera neohumeralis; Bactrocera tryoni (Queensland fruit fly); Bathycoelia thalassina (cocoa shield bug); Brachycaudus helichrysi (leaf-curling plum aphid); Brevipalpus chilensis (Chilean false red mite); Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris (yellow disease phytoplasmas); Celidodacus obnubilus; Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly); Ceratitis ditissima; Ceratitis penicillata; Ceratitis rosa (Natal fruit fly); Chaetanaphothrips orchidii (anthurium thrips); Chinavia hilaris (green stink bug); Cirsium vulgare (spear thistle); Coccus viridis (soft green scale); Cochliobolus lunatus (head mould of grasses, rice and sorghum); Dacus bivittatus (fruit fly); Dacus ciliatus (lesser pumpkin fly); Dacus transitorius; Dacus umehi; Diplodia seriata (grapevine trunk disease); Fusarium oxysporum (basal rot); Ganoderma lucidum (basal stem rot: Hevea spp.); Helicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode); Leptoglossus zonatus; Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug); Paracoccus marginatus (papaya mealybug); Paraleyrodes minei; Penicillium ulaiense; Peridroma saucia (pearly underwing moth); Perilampsis woodi; Phoma tracheiphila (mal secco); Phyllocoptruta oleivora (citrus rust mite); Phytophthora citrophthora (brown rot of citrus fruit); Phytophthora nicotianae (black shank); Phytoplasma aurantifolia (lime witches' broom phytoplasma); Platynota stultana (omnivorous leaf roller); Prays citri (citrus flower moth); Proeulia auraria (Chilean fruit tree leaf folder); Proeulia chrysopteris; Pseudomonas viridiflava (bacterial leaf blight of tomato (USA)); Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode); Riptortus; Riptortus pedestris; Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode); Saissetia oleae (olive scale); Satsuma dwarf virus (dwarf disease of satsuma); Singhiella citrifolii (cloudy winged whitefly); Sophonia orientalis (two-spotted leafhopper); Spodoptera eridania (southern armyworm); Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm); Syncephalastrum racemosum (black soft rot of Indian gooseberry); Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper); Trichothecium roseum (fruit rot of tomato); Trioza erytreae (African citrus psyllid); Trirhithrum nigerrimum; Tylenchulus semipenetrans (citrus root nematode); Xestia c-nigrum (spotted cutworm); Xiphinema basiri; Xiphinema rivesi (dagger nematode); Zaprionus indianus

Wild host of:

Phenacoccus solenopsis (cotton mealybug)

Associated with (not a host):

Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly, common); Khuskia oryzae (cob rot of maize)

Host of (source - data mining):

Alternaria alternata (alternaria leaf spot); Armillaria limonea; Armillaria novae-zelandiae; Asymmetrasca decedens; Botryotinia fuckeliana (grey mould-rot); Carpophilus mutilatus (flower beetle); Ceroplastes sinensis (Chinese wax scale); Charaxes jasius; Circulifer tenellus (beet leafhopper); Citrus psorosis B (citrus scaly bark); Citrus vein enation disease (citrus woody gall); Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (citricola, scale); Colletotrichum acutatum (black spot of strawberry); Colletotrichum limetticola (withertip of lime); Deudorix isocrates (anar caterpillar); Diploschema rotundicolle; Drosophila hydei; Drosophila immigrans; Drosophila repleta; Drosophila simulans; Empoasca decipiens (leafhopper, cotton); Euscelidius variegatus; Frankliniella bispinosa; Hoplolaimus galeatus; Lasiodiplodia theobromae (diplodia pod rot of cocoa); Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid); Myllocerus discolor; Myllocerus viridanus; Neoaliturus haematoceps; Nipaecoccus viridis (spherical mealybug); Odontotermes lokanandi; Orthezia praelonga (croton bug); Paracoccus burnerae (oleander mealybug); Paratylenchus minutus; Phytophthora hibernalis (brown rot of Citrus fruit); Phytophthora syringae (twig blight of lilac); Pseudomonas syringae (bacterial blast); Psorosticha zizyphi (citrus leafroller); Rattus rattus (black rat); Scaphytopius nitridus; Stathmopoda auriferella; Tegolophus australis; Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite); Thaumatotibia leucotreta (false codling moth); Wound tumour virus

Uses List

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Animal feed, fodder, forage

• Fodder/animal feed

Human food and beverage

• Beverage base
• Fruits
• Honey/honey flora
• Spices and culinary herbs

Materials

• Essential oils

Medicinal, pharmaceutical

• Traditional/folklore