Cichorium intybus (chicory)
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Top of pageIdentity
Top of pagePreferred Scientific Name
- Cichorium intybus L.
Preferred Common Name
- chicory
Other Scientific Names
- Cichorium intybus var. foliosum Hegi
- Cichorium intybus var. sativum (Bisch.) Janch.
International Common Names
- English: Belgium endive; French endive; Italian chicory; succory; witloof chicory
- Spanish: achicoria (de Bruselas); achicorias
- French: chicorée; chicorée de Bruxelles; chicorée sauvage
- Portuguese: almeirao
Local Common Names
- France: chicorée
- Germany: Cicorie; Kaffeezichorie; Salat- Zichorie; Wegwarte; Wurzelzichorie
- Italy: cicoria amara; cicoria da taglio; cicorias; radicchio; treviso
- Netherlands: witloof
- Sweden: sikorisallad
EPPO code
- CICIF (Cichorium intybus var. foliosum)
- CICIN (Cichorium intybus)
- CICIS (Cichorium intybus var. sativum)
Taxonomic Tree
Top of page- Domain: Eukaryota
- Kingdom: Plantae
- Phylum: Spermatophyta
- Subphylum: Angiospermae
- Class: Dicotyledonae
- Order: Asterales
- Family: Asteraceae
- Genus: Cichorium
- Species: Cichorium intybus
Distribution Table
Top of pageThe distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.
Last updated: 17 Dec 2021Continent/Country/Region | Distribution | Last Reported | Origin | First Reported | Invasive | Reference | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Africa |
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Cabo Verde | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 920 MT (F) | |||||
Congo, Republic of the | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 878 MT (Im) | |||||
Djibouti | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 2 MT (F) | |||||
Egypt | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 94,344 MT | |||||
Ethiopia | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 11,494 MT (Im) | |||||
Kenya | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 1,379 MT | |||||
Madagascar | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 218 MT (Im) | |||||
Mauritius | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 906 MT | |||||
Morocco | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 4,622 MT (Im) | |||||
Niger | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 69,235 MT | |||||
Réunion | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 3,214 MT (Im) | |||||
South Africa | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 35,978 MT | |||||
Tunisia | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 21,060 MT (Im) | |||||
Zimbabwe | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 184 MT (Im) | |||||
Asia |
|||||||
Bahrain | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 699 MT (Im) | |||||
Bangladesh | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 40,265 MT (Im) | |||||
Bhutan | Present | Introduced | 1987 | ||||
Brunei | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 6 MT (Im) | |||||
China | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 1,343,4100 MT (F) | |||||
-Chongqing | Present | ||||||
India | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 1,059,850 MT (Im) | |||||
Iran | Present | ||||||
Iraq | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 86,218 MT | |||||
Israel | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 32,184 MT | |||||
Japan | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 543,591 MT (Im) | |||||
Jordan | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 40,376 MT | |||||
Kuwait | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 12,338 MT (Im) | |||||
Kyrgyzstan | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 700 MT (*) | |||||
Lebanon | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 55,000 MT (F) | |||||
Pakistan | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 278 MT | |||||
Philippines | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 3,519 MT | |||||
Qatar | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 399 MT | |||||
Saudi Arabia | Present | ||||||
Singapore | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 400 MT (*) | |||||
South Korea | Present | ||||||
Syria | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 61,763 MT | |||||
Taiwan | Present | Introduced | 1976 | ||||
Thailand | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 29,170 MT | |||||
Turkey | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 424,252 MT | |||||
United Arab Emirates | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 1,108 MT (Im) | |||||
Uzbekistan | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 3,000 MT (*) | |||||
Yemen | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 1,320 MT (Im) | |||||
Europe |
|||||||
Albania | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 9,000 MT (F) | |||||
Austria | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 47,358 MT | |||||
Belgium | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 68,235 MT (Im) | |||||
Bulgaria | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 4,886 MT | |||||
Croatia | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 9,115 MT | |||||
Cyprus | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 1,308 MT | |||||
Czechia | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 1,492 MT | |||||
Denmark | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 11,080 MT | |||||
Estonia | Present | Introduced | 1777 | ||||
Finland | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 14,480 MT | |||||
France | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 326,885 MT | |||||
Germany | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 340,487 MT | |||||
Greece | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 106,500 MT | |||||
-Crete | Present | ||||||
Hungary | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 7,627 MT | |||||
Ireland | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 6,081 MT (Im) | |||||
Italy | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 364,843 MT | |||||
Latvia | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 348 MT | |||||
Luxembourg | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 200 MT | |||||
Malta | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 4,199 MT | |||||
Netherlands | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 83,500 MT | |||||
Norway | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 12,302 MT (Im) | |||||
Poland | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 32,204 MT | |||||
Portugal | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 94,602 MT (Im) | |||||
-Azores | Present | Introduced | 1838 | ||||
Romania | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 2,673 MT | |||||
Serbia | Present | ||||||
Slovakia | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 3,124 MT (Im) | |||||
Slovenia | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 15,683 MT | |||||
Spain | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 868,203 MT | |||||
Sweden | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 25,830 MT | |||||
Switzerland | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 75,652 MT | |||||
Ukraine | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 20,000 MT (*) | |||||
United Kingdom | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 132,500 MT | |||||
North America |
|||||||
Barbados | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 499 MT | |||||
Canada | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 63,049 MT | |||||
-Ontario | Present | ||||||
Dominica | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 288 MT (Im) | |||||
Dominican Republic | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 20,953 MT | |||||
Grenada | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 112 MT (Im) | |||||
Guadeloupe | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 3,733 MT (Im) | |||||
Guatemala | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 51,764 MT (Im) | |||||
Haiti | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 494 MT (Im) | |||||
Honduras | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 1,768 MT (Im) | |||||
Jamaica | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 11,185 MT | |||||
Martinique | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 7,464 MT (Im) | |||||
Mexico | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 370,066 MT | |||||
Panama | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 4,704 MT (Im) | |||||
Puerto Rico | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 91 MT (Im) | |||||
Saint Lucia | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 192 MT (Im) | |||||
Trinidad and Tobago | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 1,632 MT (Im) | |||||
United States | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 3,889,120 MT | |||||
-California | Present | ||||||
-Florida | Present | ||||||
Oceania |
|||||||
Australia | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 144,637 MT | |||||
-New South Wales | Present | ||||||
French Polynesia | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 400 MT (F) | |||||
New Zealand | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 28,149 MT (Im) | |||||
South America |
|||||||
Argentina | Present | ||||||
Brazil | Present | ||||||
-Distrito Federal | Present | ||||||
-Para | Present | ||||||
Chile | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 101,559 MT (Im) | |||||
Colombia | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 56,271 MT | |||||
Ecuador | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 12,657 MT (Im) | |||||
Peru | Present | Lettuce and chicory production (2011) 48,997 MT |
References
Top of pageDe Simone M; Morgante M; Lucchin M; Parrini P; Marocco A, 1997. A first linkage map of Cichorium intybus L. using a one-way pseudo-testcross and PCR-derived markers. Molecular Breeding, 3:415-425.
Desprez BF; Delesalle L; Dhelleme C; Desprez MF, 1994. Genetics and breeding of industrial chicory. Comptes Rendus Academie Agricole Francaise, 80:47-62.
Eurostat, 1998. Crop production statistics. Brussels, Belgium: Data Shop Eurostat.
FAO, 2013. FAOSTAT database. Rome, Italy: FAO. http://faostat3.fao.org/home/index.html [2011 data taken in 2013.]
Hedrick UP, 1972. Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World. New York: Dover Publications Incorporated.
Hintum TJL; Boukema IW, 1999. Genetic resources of leafy vegetables. In: Lebeda A, Kriskova E, eds. Eucarpia Leafy Vegetables 99. Olomouc, Czech Republic: Palacky University, 59-72.
Huyskes JA, 1963. Improvement of witloof for forcing without covering soil. Instituut voor Veredeling van Tuinbouwgewassen, Vol. 202.
Kiers AM; Mes THM; van der Meijden R; Bachmann K, 2000. A search for diagnostic AFLP markers in Cichorium species with emphasis on endive and chicory cultivar groups. Genome, 43:470-476.
Rick CM, 1953. Hybridization between chicory and endive. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 62:459-466.
Distribution References
FAO, 2013. FAOSTAT database., Rome, Italy: FAO. http://faostat3.fao.org/home/index.html
Distribution Maps
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