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Ranavirus infection in amphibians

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Datasheet

Ranavirus infection in amphibians

Index

Summary

  • Last modified
  • 07 October 2021
  • Datasheet Type(s)
  • Animal Disease
  • Preferred Scientific Name
  • Ranavirus infection in amphibians
  • Pathogens
  • Ranavirus
  • Overview

  • Mass mortality of amphibians has occurred globally since at least the early 1990s from viral pathogens that are members of the genus Ranavirus, family Iridoviridae (

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Pictures

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PictureTitleCaptionCopyright
Ranavirus infection in amphibians; Main symptoms of Andrias davidianus ranavirus (ADRV) in diseased Chinese giant salamanders (Andrias davidianus). The hyperemic and edematous orbit (A), ecchymotic oral mucosa (B), skin edema and ulcer (C), congestion and swelling in the liver (Li) and spleen (Sp), as well as purplish ecchymoses in the kidney (Ki), lung (Lu), intestines (In) and bladder (Bl) (D), are shown.
TitleSymptoms
CaptionRanavirus infection in amphibians; Main symptoms of Andrias davidianus ranavirus (ADRV) in diseased Chinese giant salamanders (Andrias davidianus). The hyperemic and edematous orbit (A), ecchymotic oral mucosa (B), skin edema and ulcer (C), congestion and swelling in the liver (Li) and spleen (Sp), as well as purplish ecchymoses in the kidney (Ki), lung (Lu), intestines (In) and bladder (Bl) (D), are shown.
Copyright©BioMed Central Ltd. - Chen, Z., Gui, J., Gao, X. et al. Genome architecture changes and major gene variations of Andrias davidianus ranavirus (ADRV). Vet Res 44, 101 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-44-101 - CC BY 2.0
Ranavirus infection in amphibians; Main symptoms of Andrias davidianus ranavirus (ADRV) in diseased Chinese giant salamanders (Andrias davidianus). The hyperemic and edematous orbit (A), ecchymotic oral mucosa (B), skin edema and ulcer (C), congestion and swelling in the liver (Li) and spleen (Sp), as well as purplish ecchymoses in the kidney (Ki), lung (Lu), intestines (In) and bladder (Bl) (D), are shown.
SymptomsRanavirus infection in amphibians; Main symptoms of Andrias davidianus ranavirus (ADRV) in diseased Chinese giant salamanders (Andrias davidianus). The hyperemic and edematous orbit (A), ecchymotic oral mucosa (B), skin edema and ulcer (C), congestion and swelling in the liver (Li) and spleen (Sp), as well as purplish ecchymoses in the kidney (Ki), lung (Lu), intestines (In) and bladder (Bl) (D), are shown.©BioMed Central Ltd. - Chen, Z., Gui, J., Gao, X. et al. Genome architecture changes and major gene variations of Andrias davidianus ranavirus (ADRV). Vet Res 44, 101 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-44-101 - CC BY 2.0
Ranavirus infection in amphibians; This slide shows a transmission electron micrograph of ranaviruses gathering close to the cell border where they can be seen leaving the cell via a process called budding. https://www.scienceimage.csiro.au/image/2010
TitleTransmission electron micrograph
CaptionRanavirus infection in amphibians; This slide shows a transmission electron micrograph of ranaviruses gathering close to the cell border where they can be seen leaving the cell via a process called budding. https://www.scienceimage.csiro.au/image/2010
Copyright©CSIRO (Electron Microscopy Unit, Australian Animal Health Laboratory)/via Wikimedia Commons - CC BY 3.0
Ranavirus infection in amphibians; This slide shows a transmission electron micrograph of ranaviruses gathering close to the cell border where they can be seen leaving the cell via a process called budding. https://www.scienceimage.csiro.au/image/2010
Transmission electron micrographRanavirus infection in amphibians; This slide shows a transmission electron micrograph of ranaviruses gathering close to the cell border where they can be seen leaving the cell via a process called budding. https://www.scienceimage.csiro.au/image/2010©CSIRO (Electron Microscopy Unit, Australian Animal Health Laboratory)/via Wikimedia Commons - CC BY 3.0

Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

  • Ranavirus infection in amphibians

Pathogen/s

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Ranavirus

Overview

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Mass mortality of amphibians has occurred globally since at least the early 1990s from viral pathogens that are members of the genus Ranavirus, family Iridoviridae (Gray et al., 2009).

The first ranaviruses were isolated from northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) in 1965 (Granoff et al., 1965), but little consideration was given to ranaviruses as disease agents until the late 1980s when they were associated with mortality events in ecologically and economically important fish, amphibians and later reptiles. Ranaviruses have now been identified in aquaculture, zoo and wild populations on five continents. Given their wide host range and the movement of ranavirus-infected animals in commerce, ranaviruses have become an increasing threat to captive and wild populations, especially amphibians (Miller et al., 2011; Lesbarrres et al., 2012).

Infection with Ranavirus is one of only two notifiable diseases of amphibians listed by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). For information on this disease from OIE, see the website: www.oie.int

Host Animals

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Animal nameContextLife stageSystem
Anura
Caudata

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Last updated: 07 Jan 2022
Continent/Country/Region Distribution Last Reported Origin First Reported Invasive Reference Notes

Africa

AlgeriaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2020
Cabo VerdeAbsentJul-Dec-2019
EgyptAbsentJul-Dec-2019
GhanaAbsentJul-Dec-2019
KenyaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
LesothoAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2019
LibyaAbsentJul-Dec-2019
MadagascarAbsentJul-Dec-2020
MauritiusAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2019
MozambiqueAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
NigeriaAbsentJul-Dec-2019
Saint HelenaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2019
SeychellesAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2018
SomaliaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2018
South AfricaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
SudanAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
TunisiaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019

Asia

AfghanistanAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
ArmeniaAbsentJul-Dec-2020
AzerbaijanAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2018
BangladeshAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2020
ChinaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
GeorgiaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2018
IndiaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2018
IndonesiaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2019
IraqAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
IsraelAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2020
JapanAbsentJul-Dec-2020
JordanAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2018
KuwaitAbsentJan-Jun-2019
KyrgyzstanAbsentJan-Jun-2019
MaldivesAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2019
MongoliaAbsentJul-Dec-2018
Saudi ArabiaAbsentJul-Dec-2019
SingaporeAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2020
South KoreaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
TaiwanAbsentJul-Dec-2019
TajikistanAbsentJan-Jun-2019
ThailandAbsentJul-Dec-2019
United Arab EmiratesAbsentJul-Dec-2020
VietnamAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019

Europe

AndorraAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
BelarusAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
BelgiumAbsentJul-Dec-2019
Bosnia and HerzegovinaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
CroatiaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
CyprusAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
CzechiaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
DenmarkAbsentJul-Dec-2020
EstoniaAbsentJul-Dec-2019
Faroe IslandsAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2018
FinlandAbsentJul-Dec-2019
FranceAbsentJul-Dec-2019
GreeceAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
HungaryAbsentJul-Dec-2019
IcelandAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
IrelandAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
ItalyPresent, LocalizedJul-Dec-2020; in wild animals only
LatviaAbsentJul-Dec-2020
LiechtensteinAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
LithuaniaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
MaltaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2019
MoldovaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2020
NetherlandsPresentJul-Dec-2019; in wild animals only
North MacedoniaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
NorwayAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
PortugalPresentJul-Dec-2019; in wild animals only
SerbiaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
SloveniaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2019
SpainPresent, LocalizedJul-Dec-2020; in wild animals only
SwedenAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
SwitzerlandAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2020
UkraineAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2019
United KingdomPresentJul-Dec-2019; in wild animals only

North America

BahamasAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2018
BarbadosAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2020
BelizeAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
CanadaPresentJul-Dec-2019; in wild animals only
CubaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2019
El SalvadorAbsentJul-Dec-2019
GreenlandAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2018
MexicoPresentJul-Dec-2019
United StatesPresentJan-Jun-2019; in wild animals only

Oceania

AustraliaAbsentJul-Dec-2019
Cook IslandsAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2019
Federated States of MicronesiaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2019
French PolynesiaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2019
KiribatiAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2019
Marshall IslandsAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2019
New ZealandAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2019
PalauAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2019
Papua New GuineaAbsentJan-Jun-2019
SamoaAbsentJan-Jun-2019
TongaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2020
VanuatuAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2019

South America

BoliviaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2019
ChileAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2019
ColombiaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2019
EcuadorAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2019
Falkland IslandsAbsent, No presence record(s)Jul-Dec-2018
UruguayAbsentJul-Dec-2020
VenezuelaAbsent, No presence record(s)Jan-Jun-2019

References

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Granoff A, Came PE, Rafferty KA, 1965. The isolation and properties of viruses from Rana pipiens: their possible relationship to renal adenocarcinoma of the leopard frog. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 126:237-255

Gray MJ, Miller DL, Hoverman JT, 2009. Ecology and pathology of amphibian ranaviruses. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 87(3):243-266. http://www.int-res.com/articles/dao_oa/d087p243.pdf

Lesbarrères D, Balseiro A, Brunner J, Chinchar VG, Duffus A, Kerby J, Miller DL, Robert J, Schock DM, Waltzek T, Gray MJ, 2012. Ranavirus: past, present and future. Biology Letters, 8(4):481-483. http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/8/4/481.full

Miller D, Gray M, Storfer A, 2011. Ecopathology of ranaviruses infecting amphibians. Viruses, 3(11):2351-2373. http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/3/11/2351/

Distribution References

OIE, 2018. World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS): Jul-Dec. In: OIE-WAHIS Platform, Paris, France: OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health). unpaginated. https://wahis.oie.int/

OIE, 2018a. World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS): Jan-Jun. In: OIE-WAHIS Platform, Paris, France: OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health). unpaginated. https://wahis.oie.int

OIE, 2019. World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS): Jul-Dec. In: OIE-WAHIS Platform, Paris, France: OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health). unpaginated. https://wahis.oie.int/

OIE, 2019a. World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS): Jan-Jun. In: OIE-WAHIS Platform, Paris, France: OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health). unpaginated. https://wahis.oie.int/

OIE, 2020. World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS): Jul-Dec. In: OIE-WAHIS Platform, Paris, France: OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health). unpaginated. https://wahis.oie.int/

OIE, 2020a. World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS). Jan-Jun. In: OIE-WAHIS Platform, Paris, France: OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health). unpaginated. https://wahis.oie.int/

Distribution Maps

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