Invasive Species Compendium

Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide

Datasheet

Ceratocystis fagacearum
(oak wilt)

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Datasheet

Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt)

Index

Summary

  • Last modified
  • 10 December 2020
  • Datasheet Type(s)
  • Invasive Species
  • Pest
  • Preferred Scientific Name
  • Ceratocystis fagacearum
  • Preferred Common Name
  • oak wilt
  • Taxonomic Tree
  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •   Kingdom: Fungi
  •     Phylum: Ascomycota
  •       Subphylum: Pezizomycotina
  •         Class: Sordariomycetes

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Pictures

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PictureTitleCaptionCopyright
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Large yard tree killed by oak wilt. Ramsey County, Minnesota, USA.
TitleSymptoms
CaptionCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Large yard tree killed by oak wilt. Ramsey County, Minnesota, USA.
Copyright©Steven Katovich/USDA Forest Service/Bugwood.org - CC BY 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Large yard tree killed by oak wilt. Ramsey County, Minnesota, USA.
SymptomsCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Large yard tree killed by oak wilt. Ramsey County, Minnesota, USA.©Steven Katovich/USDA Forest Service/Bugwood.org - CC BY 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Red oak with oak wilt, shedding leaves and marked for removal. Minnesota, USA.
TitleSymptoms
CaptionCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Red oak with oak wilt, shedding leaves and marked for removal. Minnesota, USA.
Copyright©Joseph O'Brien/USDA Forest Service/Bugwood.org - CC BY 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Red oak with oak wilt, shedding leaves and marked for removal. Minnesota, USA.
SymptomsCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Red oak with oak wilt, shedding leaves and marked for removal. Minnesota, USA.©Joseph O'Brien/USDA Forest Service/Bugwood.org - CC BY 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); early symptoms on northern red oak (Quercus rubra). USA.
TitleSymptoms
CaptionCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); early symptoms on northern red oak (Quercus rubra). USA.
Copyright©Ronald F. Billings/Texas A&M Forest Service/Bugwood.org - CC BY-NC 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); early symptoms on northern red oak (Quercus rubra). USA.
SymptomsCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); early symptoms on northern red oak (Quercus rubra). USA.©Ronald F. Billings/Texas A&M Forest Service/Bugwood.org - CC BY-NC 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms on individual leaves. USA.
TitleSymptoms
CaptionCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms on individual leaves. USA.
Copyright©Joseph O'Brien/USDA Forest Service/Bugwood.org - CC BY 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms on individual leaves. USA.
SymptomsCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms on individual leaves. USA.©Joseph O'Brien/USDA Forest Service/Bugwood.org - CC BY 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Interveinal necrosis on Texas live oak (Quercus fusiformis). USA.
TitleSymptoms
CaptionCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Interveinal necrosis on Texas live oak (Quercus fusiformis). USA.
Copyright©Ronald F. Billings/Texas A&M Forest Service/Bugwood.org - CC BY-NC 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Interveinal necrosis on Texas live oak (Quercus fusiformis). USA.
SymptomsCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Interveinal necrosis on Texas live oak (Quercus fusiformis). USA.©Ronald F. Billings/Texas A&M Forest Service/Bugwood.org - CC BY-NC 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Interveinal chlorosis on Texas live oak (Quercus fusiformis). USA.
TitleSymptoms
CaptionCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Interveinal chlorosis on Texas live oak (Quercus fusiformis). USA.
Copyright©Ronald F. Billings/Texas A&M Forest Service/Bugwood.org - CC BY-NC 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Interveinal chlorosis on Texas live oak (Quercus fusiformis). USA.
SymptomsCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Interveinal chlorosis on Texas live oak (Quercus fusiformis). USA.©Ronald F. Billings/Texas A&M Forest Service/Bugwood.org - CC BY-NC 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Infected leaves of live oak (Quercus virginiana). USA.
TitleSymptoms
CaptionCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Infected leaves of live oak (Quercus virginiana). USA.
Copyright©Ronald F. Billings/Texas A&M Forest Service/Bugwood.org - CC BY-NC 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Infected leaves of live oak (Quercus virginiana). USA.
SymptomsCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Infected leaves of live oak (Quercus virginiana). USA.©Ronald F. Billings/Texas A&M Forest Service/Bugwood.org - CC BY-NC 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Vertical cracks in a northern red oak (Quercus rubra) killed by oak wilt, indicating the presence of spore mats under the bark. USA.
TitleSymptoms
CaptionCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Vertical cracks in a northern red oak (Quercus rubra) killed by oak wilt, indicating the presence of spore mats under the bark. USA.
Copyright©Joseph OBrien/USDA Forest Service/Bugwood.org - CC BY 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Vertical cracks in a northern red oak (Quercus rubra) killed by oak wilt, indicating the presence of spore mats under the bark. USA.
SymptomsCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Vertical cracks in a northern red oak (Quercus rubra) killed by oak wilt, indicating the presence of spore mats under the bark. USA.©Joseph OBrien/USDA Forest Service/Bugwood.org - CC BY 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Dark streaking on wood of oak branch. Laboratory-Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
TitleSymptoms
CaptionCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Dark streaking on wood of oak branch. Laboratory-Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Copyright©Sandra Jensen/Cornell University/Bugwood.org - CC BY-NC 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Dark streaking on wood of oak branch. Laboratory-Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
SymptomsCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); symptoms. Dark streaking on wood of oak branch. Laboratory-Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.©Sandra Jensen/Cornell University/Bugwood.org - CC BY-NC 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); disease transmission is mainly through root grafts (arrowed), as here in a live oak (Quercus virginiana). USA.
TitleDisease transmission
CaptionCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); disease transmission is mainly through root grafts (arrowed), as here in a live oak (Quercus virginiana). USA.
Copyright©James Solomon/USDA Forest Service/Bugwood.org - CC BY 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); disease transmission is mainly through root grafts (arrowed), as here in a live oak (Quercus virginiana). USA.
Disease transmissionCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); disease transmission is mainly through root grafts (arrowed), as here in a live oak (Quercus virginiana). USA.©James Solomon/USDA Forest Service/Bugwood.org - CC BY 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); asexual spore - conidia from culture showing chains of spores. Laboratory-Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
TitleAsexual spore
CaptionCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); asexual spore - conidia from culture showing chains of spores. Laboratory-Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Copyright©Sandra Jensen/Cornell University/Bugwood.org - CC BY-NC 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); asexual spore - conidia from culture showing chains of spores. Laboratory-Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Asexual sporeCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); asexual spore - conidia from culture showing chains of spores. Laboratory-Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.©Sandra Jensen/Cornell University/Bugwood.org - CC BY-NC 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); sexual spore, spore mat. USA
TitleSexual spore, spore mat
CaptionCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); sexual spore, spore mat. USA
Copyright©Joseph O'Brien/USDA Forest Service/Bugwood.org - CC BY 3.0 US
Ceratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); sexual spore, spore mat. USA
Sexual spore, spore matCeratocystis fagacearum (oak wilt); sexual spore, spore mat. USA©Joseph O'Brien/USDA Forest Service/Bugwood.org - CC BY 3.0 US

Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

  • Ceratocystis fagacearum (Bretz) Hunt

Preferred Common Name

  • oak wilt

Other Scientific Names

  • Chalara quercina Henry
  • Endoconidiophora fagacearum Bretz

International Common Names

  • English: wilt of oak; wilt: oak
  • Spanish: marchitez de la encina; marchitez del roble
  • French: fletrissement du chene; flétrissement du chêne

Local Common Names

  • Germany: Amerikanische: Eiche Welke; Welke: Eiche

EPPO code

  • CERAFA (Ceratocystis fagacearum)

Taxonomic Tree

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  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Fungi
  •         Phylum: Ascomycota
  •             Subphylum: Pezizomycotina
  •                 Class: Sordariomycetes
  •                     Subclass: Hypocreomycetidae
  •                         Order: Microascales
  •                             Family: Ceratocystidaceae
  •                                 Genus: Ceratocystis
  •                                     Species: Ceratocystis fagacearum

Distribution

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See also CABI/EPPO (1998, No. 180).

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Last updated: 12 May 2022
Continent/Country/Region Distribution Last Reported Origin First Reported Invasive Reference Notes

Europe

BulgariaAbsent, Invalid presence record(s)
LithuaniaAbsent, Confirmed absent by survey
NetherlandsAbsent, Confirmed absent by survey
PolandAbsent, Invalid presence record(s)
RomaniaAbsent, Invalid presence record(s)
SloveniaAbsent, Confirmed absent by survey
SpainPresent

North America

United States
-AlabamaPresent
-ArkansasPresent
-IllinoisPresent
-IndianaPresent
-IowaPresent
-KansasPresent
-KentuckyPresent
-LouisianaPresent
-MarylandPresent
-MichiganPresent
-MinnesotaPresent
-MississippiPresent
-MissouriPresent
-NebraskaPresent
-New YorkPresent
-North CarolinaPresent
-OhioPresent
-OklahomaPresent
-PennsylvaniaPresent
-South CarolinaPresent
-South DakotaPresent
-TennesseePresent
-TexasPresent, Widespread
-VirginiaPresent
-West VirginiaPresent
-WisconsinPresent

Host Plants and Other Plants Affected

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Plant nameFamilyContextReferences
Castanea (chestnuts)FagaceaeMain
Quercus (oaks)FagaceaeUnknown
Jensen-Tracy et al. (2009)
Quercus ellipsoidalis (Northern pin oak)FagaceaeUnknown
Quercus robur (common oak)FagaceaeUnknown
Quercus rubra (northern red oak)FagaceaeUnknown
Jensen-Tracy et al. (2009)
Quercus steenisiiFagaceaeUnknown
Quercus virginiana (Live oak)FagaceaeUnknown

Natural enemies

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Natural enemyTypeLife stagesSpecificityReferencesBiological control inBiological control on
Trichoderma harzianum Antagonist Poland

References

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CABI/EPPO, 1998. Distribution maps of quarantine pests for Europe (edited by Smith IM, Charles LMF). Wallingford, UK: CAB International, xviii + 768 pp.

EPPO, 2014. PQR database. Paris, France: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. http://www.eppo.int/DATABASES/pqr/pqr.htm

IPPC, 2016. Information on Pest Status in the Republic of Lithuania in 2015. IPPC Official Pest Report, No. LTU-01/2. Rome, Italy: FAO. https://www.ippc.int/

Jensen-Tracy, S., Kenaley, S., Hudler, G., Harrington, T., Logue, C., 2009. First report of the oak wilt fungus, Ceratocystis fagacearum, in New York state. Plant Disease, 93(4), 428. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-93-4-0428B

Distribution References

CABI Data Mining, Undated. CAB Abstracts Data Mining.,

EPPO, 2022. EPPO Global database. In: EPPO Global database, Paris, France: EPPO. 1 pp. https://gd.eppo.int/

IPPC, 2016. Information on Pest Status in the Republic of Lithuania in 2015. In: IPPC Official Pest Report, No. LTU-01/2, Rome, Italy: FAO. https://www.ippc.int/

Jensen-Tracy S, Kenaley S, Hudler G, Harrington T, Logue C, 2009. First report of the oak wilt fungus, Ceratocystis fagacearum, in New York state. Plant Disease. 93 (4), 428. DOI:10.1094/PDIS-93-4-0428B

NPPO of the Netherlands, 2013. Pest status of harmful organisms in the Netherlands., Wageningen, Netherlands:

Seebens H, Blackburn T M, Dyer E E, Genovesi P, Hulme P E, Jeschke J M, Pagad S, Pyšek P, Winter M, Arianoutsou M, Bacher S, Blasius B, Brundu G, Capinha C, Celesti-Grapow L, Dawson W, Dullinger S, Fuentes N, Jäger H, Kartesz J, Kenis M, Kreft H, Kühn I, Lenzner B, Liebhold A, Mosena A (et al), 2017. No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide. Nature Communications. 8 (2), 14435. http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14435

Distribution Maps

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