| Acacia decurrens (green wattle) | Seeds may be dispersed by ants, wind and water | |
Yes
| Henderson (2001); Weeds of Australia (2016) |
| Acacia glauca (wild dividivi) | | |
Yes
| |
| Acer rufinerve (grey snake-bark maple) | | |
Yes
| |
| Acmella uliginosa (marsh para cress) | Seeds | |
Yes
| Chung et al. (2007) |
| Aculops fuchsiae (Fuchsia gall mite) | |
Yes
| | Koehler et al. (1985) |
| Adiantum hispidulum (rosy maidenhair fern) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Adiantum raddianum (delta maidenhair fern) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Aecidium glycines | |
Yes
| | |
| African cassava mosaic virus (African cassava mosaic) | Wind-aided dispersal of viruliferous whiteflies may contribute to field spread |
Yes
|
Yes
| Legg (2010) |
| Agave americana (century plant) | Seeds, bulbils and stem fragments |
Yes
|
Yes
| Weeds of Australia (2016) |
| Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed) | | |
Yes
| Baker (1965) |
| Ageratum houstonianum (Blue billygoatweed) | | |
Yes
| Johnson (1971) |
| Agrilus planipennis (emerald ash borer) | | |
Yes
| |
| Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass) | | |
Yes
| Marlette and Anderson (1986) |
| Agrostis avenacea (Pacific bent grass) | Seeds and vegetative parts. | |
Yes
| Victorian Resources Online (2015) |
| Agrostis capillaris (common bent) | | |
Yes
| |
| Ailanthus altissima (tree-of-heaven) | Frequent, seed |
Yes
|
Yes
| Kowarik and Säumel (2007) |
| Albizia adinocephala (cream albizia) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Roman et al. (2012) |
| Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris) | Seed dispersal in strong winds. Intact pods can be carried hundreds of metres |
Yes
|
Yes
| `t Mannetje and Jones (1992); Lowry (1994) |
| Albizia procera (white siris) | Seeds are dispersed by wind |
Yes
|
Yes
| Parrotta (2004) |
| Allamanda blanchetii (purple allamanda) | Seeds dispersed by wind |
Yes
|
Yes
| Morales (2014) |
| Allamanda cathartica (yellow allamanda) | Winged seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Francis (2000) |
| Aloysia citrodora (lemon verbena) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| India Biodiversity Portal (2019) |
| Alternanthera halimifolia (hairy joyweed) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Holm et al. (1997) |
| Alternaria japonica (pod spot of radish) | conidia | |
Yes
| Tewari and Buchwaldt (2007); Verma and Saharan (1994) |
| Alternaria triticina (leaf blight of wheat) | conidia | |
Yes
| Kumar and Arya (1973a); Kumar and Arya (1976) |
| Alternaria yali-inficiens (chocolate spot of Ya Li Pear) | Characteristic for Alternaria spores in general | |
Yes
| Rotem (1994) |
| Amaranthus dubius (spleen amaranth) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Grubben (2004) |
| Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer amaranth) | Strong winds and hurricane dispersal of the seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Menges (1987) |
| Amaranthus tuberculatus (rough-fruited water-hemp) | | |
Yes
| Costea et al. (2005) |
| Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) | | |
Yes
| |
| Ambrosia confertiflora | | |
Yes
| |
| Ambrosia peruviana (Peruvian ragweed) | Seeds | |
Yes
| |
| Ambrosia tenuifolia (lacy ragweed) | Seeds and roots |
Yes
|
Yes
| Montagnani et al. (2017) |
| Ambrosia trifida (giant ragweed) | | |
Yes
| |
| Amphibalanus improvisus (bay barnacle) | | |
Yes
| Tarasov and Zevina (1957) |
| Andropogon glomeratus (bushy bluestem) | | |
Yes
| PIER (2008); Rojas and Chavez Vibrans (2010) |
| Andropogon virginicus (broomsedge) | | |
Yes
| |
| Angiopteris evecta (king fern) | Spores |
Yes
|
Yes
| Christenhusz and Toivonen (2008) |
| Apiognomonia erythrostoma (cherry leaf scorch) | ejected ascospores are airborne | |
Yes
| Hecht and Zinkernagel (2006) |
| Aproceros leucopoda (elm zigzag sawfly) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Blank et al. (2010) |
| Argemone ochroleuca (pale Mexican pricklypoppy) | | |
Yes
| Queensland Government (2015) |
| Aristida ternipes (spidergrass) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Allred (2003) |
| Aristolochia ringens (Dutchman’s pipe) | Seeds are winged, adapted for wind dispersal | |
Yes
| Acevedo-Rodríguez (2005) |
| Arkoola nigra (black leaf blight of soybean) | ascospores | |
Yes
| Walker and Stovold (1986) |
| Armillaria novae-zelandiae | | |
Yes
| |
| Arrhenatherum elatius (false oat-grass) | | |
Yes
| Albrecht et al. (2008) |
| Artemisia biennis (biennial wormwood) | Seeds | |
Yes
| Kegode and Darbyshire (2013) |
| Arthraxon hispidus (small carpetgrass) | | |
Yes
| |
| Arundo donax (giant reed) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-NRCS (2014) |
| Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Bhowmik (1982); Pleasants (1991) |
| Aulacaspis yasumatsui (cycad aulacaspis scale) | | |
Yes
| |
| Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust) | Spores |
Yes
|
Yes
| Carnegie and Cooper (2011); Grgurinovic et al. (2006) |
| Avena barbata (slender oat) | Seeds can be dispersed locally via wind. | |
Yes
| |
| Axonopus fissifolius | | |
Yes
| |
| Bactericera cockerelli (tomato/potato psyllid) | |
Yes
| | |
| Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly) | Adults | |
Yes
| |
| Bactrocera zonata (peach fruit fly) | Adult |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Bauhinia variegata (mountain ebony) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Smith (2010) |
| Bidens pilosa (blackjack) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| ISSG (2018) |
| Blechnum appendiculatum (palm fern) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Bothriochloa bladhii (Caucasian bluestem) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Cook et al. (2005) |
| Bothriochloa ischaemum (yellow bluestem) | Seeds | |
Yes
| Texas Invasives (2015) |
| Bothriochloa pertusa (pitted beard grass) | Presumed | |
Yes
| |
| Botryosphaeria berengeriana f.sp. pyricola (Physalospora canker) | ascospores | |
Yes
| |
| Bougainvillea spectabilis (great bougainvillea) | Fruits with wing-like structure |
Yes
|
Yes
| McMullen (1999) |
| Brassica tournefortii (African mustard) | Seeds, plant fragments |
Yes
| | USDA-ARS (2015) |
| Briza maxima (large quaking grass) | | |
Yes
| |
| Bromus hordeaceus (soft brome) | |
Yes
| | Williams et al. (2011) |
| Bromus secalinus (rye brome) | | |
Yes
| |
| Buddleja asiatica (dog tail) | Numerous tiny seeds are dispersed widely. |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush) | | |
Yes
| |
| Bunias orientalis (Turkish warty-cabbage) | | |
Yes
| |
| Caesalpinia violacea (brasiletto) | Dehiscent legume | |
Yes
| Barreto (1998) |
| Campylopus introflexus | Spores over large distances, shoot tips over short distances |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Cardiospermum grandiflorum (balloon vine) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Weeds of Australia (2015) |
| Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Gildenhuys et al. (2013) |
| Carduus pycnocephalus (Italian thistle) | | |
Yes
| |
| Cassytha filiformis (love-vine) | Seeds and stem fragments may be spread by strong winds | |
Yes
| Heide-Jørgensen (2008); Nelson (2008) |
| Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2015) |
| Cavanillesia platanifolia (cuipo) | Seeds adapted for wind dispersal | |
Yes
| IPlantz (2019) |
| Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass) | | |
Yes
| |
| Centaurea debeauxii (meadow knapweed) | | |
Yes
| |
| Centratherum punctatum (lark daisy) | Achenes |
Yes
|
Yes
| Woodson and Schery (1975) |
| Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Weeds of Australia (2020) |
| Chloris virgata (feather finger grass) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| PIER (2015) |
| Chondrilla juncea (rush skeletonweed) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-NRCS (2015) |
| Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) | Main means of dispersal | |
Yes
| |
| Chrysomyxa abietis (needle rust of fir) | Basidiospores | |
Yes
| Collins (1976a) |
| Chrysomyxa himalensis (needle rust of spruce) | Basidiospores, aeciospores, urediniospores of most rusts | |
Yes
| Alexopoulos et al. (1996) |
| Chrysomyxa rhododendri (European Rhododendron rust) | Basidiospores, aeciospores, urediniospores | |
Yes
| Bennell (1985) |
| Ciborinia allii (neck rot of onion) | conidia | |
Yes
| Lacy and Lorbeer (1995) |
| Cinchona pubescens (quinine tree) | Winged seeds aid in naturalization and spread locally | |
Yes
| Buddenhagen et al. (2004); Starr et al. (2003) |
| Cirsium mexicanum (Mexican thistle) | Seeds with bristles |
Yes
|
Yes
| Pruski (2012) |
| Clavibacter michiganensis (bacterial canker of tomato) | | |
Yes
| |
| Clavibacter nebraskensis (Goss's bacterial wilt and leaf blight) | | |
Yes
| |
| Claviceps africana (ergot) | conidia | |
Yes
| CABI/EPPO (2006); Frederickson et al. (1993); Workneh and Rush (2002) |
| Claviceps fusiformis (pearl millet ergot) | Conidia | |
Yes
| Sharma and Chauhan (1982); Verma and Pathak (1986) |
| Claviceps gigantea (horse's tooth) | Ascospores | |
Yes
| Fuentes et al. (1964) |
| Claviceps sorghi (sorghum ergot) | | |
Yes
| Frederickson (1999) |
| Claviceps sorghicola | macroconidia | |
Yes
| Tsukiboshi et al. (1999) |
| Clematis terniflora (sweet autumn clematis) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Skibo (2006); Global Invasive Species Database (2010) |
| Colletotrichum coccodes (black dot of potato) | Pathogen inoculum carried by blowing soil can infect potato leaves | |
Yes
| Johnson and Miliczky (1993) |
| Combretum grandiflorum (showy combretum) | Fruits are 5-winged and adapted for wind dispersal | |
Yes
| Acevedo-Rodríguez (2005); Midgley (1998) |
| Cortaderia jubata (purple pampas grass) | | |
Yes
| |
| Corymbia citriodora (lemon-scented gum) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Doran (1999) |
| Cotton leaf curl disease complex (leaf curl disease of cotton) | | | | |
| Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus | | | | |
| Crassocephalum crepidioides (redflower ragleaf) | Seeds with silky pappus hairs |
Yes
|
Yes
| Denton (2004) |
| Crassostrea virginica (eastern oyster) | | |
Yes
| |
| Crassula helmsii (Australian swamp stonecrop) | | |
Yes
| CAPM-CEH (2004) |
| Cronartium flaccidum (Scots pine blister rust) | aeciospores, urediniospores |
Yes
|
Yes
| Smith et al. (1988) |
| Crumenulopsis sororia | Ascospores | |
Yes
| Hayes (1975); Hayes (1980) |
| Cryptostegia madagascariensis (Madagascar rubbervine) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| PIER (2012) |
| Cupressus sempervirens (Mediterranean cypress) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Cyathea cooperi (australian tree fern) | Spores are carried by wind | |
Yes
| Medeiros et al. (1992) |
| Cyclosorus parasiticus (parasitic maiden fern) | Arrived on oceanic islands via spore dispersal |
Yes
| | Holttum (1976) |
| Cymbopogon nardus (citronella grass) | |
Yes
| | NARO (2004) |
| Cymbopogon schoenanthus (camel grass) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Useful Tropical Plants (2019) |
| Cynara cardunculus (cardoon) | Seeds | |
Yes
| Kelly (2000) |
| Cynodon nlemfuensis (African Bermuda-grass) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Cook et al. (2005) |
| Cyperus papyrus (papyrus) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Cyrtomium falcatum (Japanese holly fern) | | |
Yes
| |
| Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) | | |
Yes
| Peterson and Raj Prasad (1998) |
| Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass) | Seeds | |
Yes
| Holm et al. (1977) |
| Dalbergia sissoo | | |
Yes
| Morton (2007) |
| Daphnia lumholtzi | Wind and atmospheric transport is likely to be a frequent mode of local and long distance dispersal |
Yes
|
Yes
| Cáceres and Soluk (2002); Cohen and Shurin (2003); Havel and Shurin (2004) |
| Daucus carota (carrot) | | |
Yes
| Umehara et al. (2005) |
| Dendrocalamus strictus (male bamboo) | Seeds are wind-dispersed | |
Yes
| Flora of China Editorial Committee (2015) |
| Deparia petersenii subsp. petersenii (Petersen’s lady fern) | Spore distribution |
Yes
|
Yes
| Shinohara et al. (2006) |
| Descurainia sophia (flixweed) | | |
Yes
| University of Alaska Anchorage (2011) |
| Diaporthe gulyae (Phomopsis stem canker of sunflower) | Possible ascospore and infected stubble dispersal |
Yes
|
Yes
| Ghimire et al. (2018) |
| Dichanthium annulatum (Kleberg's bluestem) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Vibrans (2011) |
| Dichanthium aristatum (angelton bluestem) | Seeds are wind dispersed | |
Yes
| Cook et al. (2005) |
| Dichanthium caricosum (nadi blue grass) | Seeds | |
Yes
| |
| Dickeya solani (black leg disease of potato) | Likely to spread by wind-blown rain from heavily infected growing plants | |
Yes
| Toth et al. (2011) |
| Didymella fabae (leaf and pod spot) | Ascospores. Possibly long distance also | |
Yes
| Jellis and Punithalingam (1991) |
| Digitaria bicornis (Asian crabgrass) | | |
Yes
| Catasús Guerra (2015) |
| Digitaria insularis (sourgrass) | | |
Yes
| |
| Dimorphotheca sinuata (Cape marigold) | Winged achenes adapted for wind dispersal |
Yes
|
Yes
| De Waal (2015) |
| Dioscorea alata (white yam) | Winged seeds |
Yes
| | Langeland et al. (2008) |
| Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Wagner et al. (1999) |
| Diplazium esculentum (vegetable fern) | Spores are dispersed by wind. | |
Yes
| HEAR (2020) |
| Diplodia seriata (grapevine trunk disease) | | |
Yes
| |
| Dolichandra unguis-cati (cat's claw creeper) | Winged seeds dispersed by wind |
Yes
|
Yes
| Langeland et al. (2008) |
| Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila) | | |
Yes
| |
| Drymaria arenarioides (alfombrilla) | Reported as dispersed by wind | |
Yes
| Allison (1977) |
| Drymaria cordata (tropical chickweed) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Holm et al. (1997) |
| Dysphania ambrosioides (Mexican tea) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-ARS (2013) |
| Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Waterhouse (1994) |
| Ehrharta calycina (perennial veldtgrass) | | |
Yes
| Bossard et al. (2000) |
| Elephantopus mollis (elephant's foot) | | |
Yes
| Queensland Government (2014) |
| Emex spinosa (spiny emex) | |
Yes
| | |
| Emilia coccinea (scarlet tasselflower) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Davidse et al. (2018) |
| Emilia fosbergii (Florida tassel-flower) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Vibrans (2011) |
| Emilia praetermissa (yellow thistle) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2020) |
| Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower) | Seed dispersal |
Yes
|
Yes
| Fern (2019) |
| Epidendrum radicans (crucifix orchid) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| POWO (2020) |
| Epilobium ciliatum (northern willowherb) | | |
Yes
| |
| Eragrostis amabilis (Japanese lovegrass) | Seeds | |
Yes
| PIER (2018) |
| Eragrostis atrovirens (thalia lovegrass) | Seeds dispersed by wind |
Yes
|
Yes
| PIER (2016) |
| Eragrostis ciliaris (gophertail lovegrass) | Seed | |
Yes
| PIER (2018) |
| Eragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass) | Seeds dispersed by wind |
Yes
|
Yes
| PIER (2016) |
| Eragrostis lehmanniana (Lehmann lovegrass) | | |
Yes
| USDA Forest Service (2014) |
| Eragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass) | Seed | |
Yes
| Holm et al. (1997) |
| Eragrostis plana (South African lovegrass) | Seeds carried by wind |
Yes
|
Yes
| Reis (1993) |
| Erechtites glomerata (fireweed) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Erechtites hieraciifolius (American burnweed) | Hairy pappus on seeds aids wind dispersal |
Yes
|
Yes
| Darbyshire et al. (2012) |
| Erechtites valerianifolius (tropical burnweed) | Seeds | |
Yes
| Schwirkowski (2013) |
| Erigeron bellioides (bellorita) | Tiny achenes |
Yes
|
Yes
| Nagata (1995) |
| Erigeron karvinskianus (Karwinsky’s fleabane) | Spreads quickly due to its efficient anemochorous dissemination system | |
Yes
| Triolo (2005) |
| Erwinia amylovora (fireblight) | | |
Yes
| |
| Eucalyptus globulus (Tasmanian blue gum) | | |
Yes
| |
| Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany) | Seeds wind-dispersed | |
Yes
| Orwa et al. (2009) |
| Euschistus heros (Neotropical brown stink bug) | Dispersed by strong winds. | |
Yes
| Aldrich (1990) |
| Fallopia convolvulus (black bindweed) | | |
Yes
| Rutledge and McLendon (1996) |
| Ferrisia virgata (striped mealybug) | | |
Yes
| |
| Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) | | |
Yes
| Australian Government Office of the Gene Technology Regulator (2008) |
| Fimbristylis cymosa (tropical fimbry) | | |
Yes
| |
| Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Holm et al. (1977) |
| Flemingia lineata (wild hops) | Seeds dispersed by wind | |
Yes
| Flora of China (2016) |
| Flemingia strobilifera (wild hops) | Seeds | |
Yes
| ISSG (2014) |
| Fraxinus uhdei (tropical ash) | | |
Yes
| |
| Funtumia elastica (West African rubber tree) | Seeds are adapted for wind dispersal | |
Yes
| Encyclopedia of Life (2018) |
| Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. medicaginis (fusarium wilt of alfalfa) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum (Fusarium wilt of watermelon) | possible, chlamydospores in dust | |
Yes
| Nishimura; 1971; Wang et al.; 1993 |
| Gaillardia pulchella (Indian blanket) | Seeds are wind-dispersed |
Yes
|
Yes
| Turner and Whalen (1975) |
| Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Damalas (2008) |
| Galphimia glauca (goldshower) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Anderson (2007) |
| Globodera pallida (white potato cyst nematode) | | |
Yes
| Been and Schomaker (2006) |
| Globodera rostochiensis (yellow potato cyst nematode) | | |
Yes
| |
| Gomphocarpus physocarpus (balloon cotton bush) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Motooka et al. (2003) |
| Gomphrena globosa (globe amaranth) | | |
Yes
| Staples et al. (2000) |
| Gossypium barbadense (Gallini cotton) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| PIER (2017) |
| Grevillea robusta (silky oak) | Seeds are wind-dispersed |
Yes
|
Yes
| Smith (1998) |
| Gymnosporangium miyabei | |
Yes
| | Yamada and Miyake (1908) |
| Gypsophila paniculata (baby’s breath) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Darwent (1975) |
| Haematoxylum campechianum (logwood) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Gurib-Fakim (2005) |
| Hakea sericea (silky hakea) | | |
Yes
| |
| Halogeton glomeratus (halogeton) | |
Yes
| | Tilley et al. (2015) |
| Helenium amarum (bitterweed) | | |
Yes
| Tomley and Panetta (2002) |
| Heliocarpus americanus (white moho) | | |
Yes
| Smith (1985) |
| Heliocarpus donnellsmithii (majagua) | Wind dispersed fruits |
Yes
|
Yes
| Vázquez‐Yanes and Orozco‐Segovia (1982) |
| Heliotropium curassavicum (salt heliotrope) | Seeds, root fragments |
Yes
|
Yes
| Hegazy et al. (1994) |
| Helminthotheca echioides (bristly oxtongue) | | |
Yes
| New Zealand Plant Conservation Network (2016) |
| Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) | | |
Yes
| Tiley et al. (1996) |
| Heracleum persicum (Persian hogweed) | | |
Yes
| |
| Heracleum sosnowskyi (Sosnowskyi's hogweed) | Seeds can be blown particularly over frozen or snow-covered land | |
Yes
| Kabuce (2006) |
| Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Heterotheca grandiflora (telegraph weed) | | |
Yes
| DiTomaso and Healy (2007) |
| Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf) | | |
Yes
| Fatanmi et al. (2013) |
| Hibiscus elatus (blue mahoe) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Salazar and Soihet (2001) |
| Hiptage benghalensis (hiptage) | | |
Yes
| PIER (2007) |
| Hirschfeldia incana (shortpod mustard) | | |
Yes
| South East Natural Resources Management Board (2009) |
| Hydrocharis morsus-ranae | | |
Yes
| Catling et al. (2003) |
| Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (ash dieback) | ascospores | |
Yes
| Kowalski and Holdenrieder (2009a) |
| Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Starr et al. (2003) |
| Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) | Small seeds readily carried by wind | |
Yes
| TISDALE et al. (1959) |
| Hypogeococcus pungens (cactus mealybug) | | |
Yes
| McFadyen (1979) |
| Hyptis alata (clustered bushmint) | Seeds | | | Harley (1983) |
| Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| van Valkenburg and Bunyapraphatsara (2001) |
| Impatiens walleriana (busy lizzy) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Queensland Government (2018) |
| Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass) | | |
Yes
| |
| Indian cassava mosaic virus (Indian cassava mosaic) | Spread may occur via movement of wind-aided viruliferous whiteflies. |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Indigofera suffruticosa (Anil indigo) | | |
Yes
| |
| Inula britannica (british yellowhead) | | |
Yes
| |
| Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morning glory) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Queensland Government (2018) |
| Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (bush morning glory) | Seeds dispersed by wind | |
Yes
| Al-Sodany (2016) |
| Ipomoea purpurea (tall morning glory) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-ARS (2014) |
| Iris yellow spot virus (iris yellow spot) | Wind can spread thrips to new cropping areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Isatis tinctoria (dyer's woad) | Suggested as important under snow conditions |
Yes
|
Yes
| Farah et al. (1988) |
| Jacaranda mimosifolia (jacaranda) | | |
Yes
| |
| Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush) | Cyclones |
Yes
| | |
| Juncus planifolius (broadleaf rush) | | |
Yes
| |
| Kalanchoe daigremontiana (devil's backbone) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Herrera and Nassar (2009) |
| Kalanchoe delagoensis (chandelier plant) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| BioNET-EAFRINET (2011) |
| Kuehneola uredinis (Cane and leaf rust) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Shands et al. (2018) |
| Kyllinga nemoralis (white kyllinga) | | |
Yes
| MPI (2016) |
| Lachnellula willkommii (European larch canker) | |
Yes
| | Sinclair and Lyon (2005) |
| Lactuca floridana (woodland lettuce) | | |
Yes
| |
| Laelia rubescens (flor de la concepción) | | |
Yes
| Arditti and Ghani (2000) |
| Lagerstroemia indica (Indian crape myrtle) | Seeds are wind-dispersed |
Yes
|
Yes
| Orwa et al. (2009) |
| Lagerstroemia speciosa (Pride of India) | Seeds are wind-dispersed | |
Yes
| Orwa et al. (2009) |
| Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| PFAF (2017) |
| Launaea intybacea (bitter lettuce) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Kilian (1997) |
| Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed) | Could be blown by wind into nearby areas | |
Yes
| Mkandawire and Dudel (2007) |
| Lemna minuta | |
Yes
| | Armstrong (2009) |
| Leonurus japonicus (honeyweed) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| eFloras (2014) |
| Lepidium virginicum (Virginian peppercress) | Individual seedpods or entire racemes can be carried away by wind. | |
Yes
| Encyclopedia of Life (2016) |
| Leptocybe invasa (blue gum chalcid) | | |
Yes
| |
| Leptospermum scoparium (manuka) | | |
Yes
| |
| Limnobium laevigatum (South American spongeplant) | | |
Yes
| Akers (2010) |
| Limnocharis flava (yellow bur-head) | | |
Yes
| |
| Linaria dalmatica (dalmatian toadflax) | | |
Yes
| |
| Lindernia crustacea (Malaysian false pimpernel) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Holm et al. (1979) |
| Livistona chinensis (Chinese fan palm) | seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| ISSG (2016) |
| Lupinus plattensis (Nebraska lupine) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Georgia (1914) |
| Lygodium flexuosum (maidenhair creeper) | No information available but it could be a possibility as it is used as an ornamental |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-APHIS-PPQ (2009) |
| Lygodium japonicum (Japanese climbing fern) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Ferriter (2001) |
| Macaranga tanarius (parasol leaf tree) | | |
Yes
| Starr et al. (2003) |
| Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug) | Larvae blown about - an important means of movement locally |
Yes
|
Yes
| Kairo (1997); Harman (in press) |
| Macrothelypteris torresiana (swordfern) | Spores |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Melaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree) | | |
Yes
| PIER (2007) |
| Melinis minutiflora (molasses grass) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Melinis repens (natal redtop) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Stokes et al. (2011) |
| Merremia tuberosa (woodrose) | Stem fragments and seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Mansur (2001) |
| Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (crystalline iceplant) | | |
Yes
| The Arizona Wildland Invasive Plant Working Group (AZ-WIPWG) (2005) |
| Mikania micrantha (bitter vine) | |
Yes
| | |
| Mikania scandens | | |
Yes
| PIER (2013) |
| Mimosa arenosa (elegant mimosa) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Francis (2004) |
| Miscanthus sinensis (eulalia) | Seed wind dispersal in USA | |
Yes
| Meyer (2003) |
| Monilinia fructigena (brown rot) | ascospores and conidia | |
Yes
| Batra (1991); Byrde and Willetts (1977) |
| Moniliophthora roreri (frosty pod rot) | Dominant natural means of dispersal | |
Yes
| |
| Mononychellus tanajoa (cassava green mite) | Eggs, crawlers/adults. Common pathway | |
Yes
| |
| Moraea (Cape tulip) | | |
Yes
| |
| Moraea collina (Cape tulip) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Moraea miniata (two-leaf Cape-tulip) | | |
Yes
| |
| Moringa oleifera (horse radish tree) | Seeds are winged and disperse over short distances | |
Yes
| Csurhes and Navie (2016) |
| Murdannia nudiflora (doveweed) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-NRCS (2017) |
| Mycosphaerella gibsonii (needle blight of pine) | | |
Yes
| |
| Myroxylon balsamum (Peru balsam) | | |
Yes
| |
| Nelsonia canescens (blue pussyleaf) | Seeds | |
Yes
| Daniel (2001) |
| Neolecanium cornuparvum (magnolia scale) | | |
Yes
| |
| Nephrolepis hirsutula (sword fern) | Possible as spores in ferns are small and easily carried by wind | |
Yes
| |
| Nerium oleander (oleander) | Seeds are wind dispersed | |
Yes
| Herrera (1991) |
| Neyraudia reynaudiana (burma reed) | | |
Yes
| |
| Oracella acuta (loblolly pine mealybug) | Immature forms transported by wind | |
Yes
| |
| Orbea variegata (carrion-flower) | | |
Yes
| Dunbar and Facelli (1999) |
| Orobanche cernua (nodding broomrape) | | |
Yes
| |
| Orobanche cumana (sunflower broomrape) | | |
Yes
| |
| Orobanche ramosa (branched broomrape) | | |
Yes
| |
| Paederia foetida (skunkvine) | | |
Yes
| Puff and Werbowsky (1991) |
| Paracoccus marginatus (papaya mealybug) | Passive transport of crawlers |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Parentucellia viscosa (yellow glandweed) | | |
Yes
| |
| Parthenium hysterophorus (parthenium weed) | | |
Yes
| Navie et al. (1996); Taye (2002) |
| Paspalum botterii (rusty-seed crown grass) | | |
Yes
| Hitchcock (1936) |
| Paspalum paniculatum (Russell River grass) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Más and Garcia-Molinari (2006) |
| Paspalum urvillei (Vasey grass) | | |
Yes
| Hitchcock (1936); FAO (2012b); Catasús Guerra (2015) |
| Pastinaca sativa (parsnip) | Frequent short distance dispersal of seeds by wind | |
Yes
| Cain et al. (2010) |
| Paulownia tomentosa (paulownia) | | |
Yes
| SE-EPPC (2003) |
| Pelagia noctiluca (mauve stinger) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Pelargonium peltatum (ivy geranium) | Pelargonium spp. can disperse their small seeds by wind, water, and soil. | |
Yes
| Dixon (2011); Western Australian Herbarium (2014) |
| Pelargonium zonale (horseshoe pelargonium) | Members of the Pelargonium genus can disperse their small seeds by wind, water, and soil. |
Yes
|
Yes
| Dixon (2011); Western Australian Herbarium (2014) |
| Pennisetum polystachion (mission grass) | | |
Yes
| Parsons and Cuthbertson (1992) |
| Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Duke (1983) |
| Pennisetum setaceum (fountain grass) | Seeds |
Yes
| | Rahlao et al. (2010a) |
| Peronosclerospora philippinensis (Philippine downy mildew of maize) | Wind dispersal of P. philippinensis to adjacent fields is mostly localized | |
Yes
| USDA (2006) |
| Persicaria wallichii (Himalayan knotweed) | | |
Yes
| |
| Petiveria alliacea (guinea hen weed) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Alegre and Clavo (2007) |
| Petrea volubilis (queen's wreath) | Seeds can be wind dispersed | |
Yes
| Monaco Nature Encyclopedia (2019) |
| Phakopsora ampelopsidis (Ampelopsis rust fungus) | Urediniospores, basidiospores |
Yes
|
Yes
| Alexopoulos et al. (1996) |
| Phakopsora euvitis (grape rust fungus) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Alexopoulos et al. (1996) |
| Phakopsora meibomiae (soybean rust) | Urediniospores |
Yes
|
Yes
| Stavely and Pastor-Corrales (2005) |
| Phleum pratense (timothy grass) | | |
Yes
| |
| Phoma tracheiphila (mal secco) | | |
Yes
| Balmas et al. (2005); Laviola and Scarito (1989) |
| Phomopsis vexans (Phomopsis blight of eggplant) | | |
Yes
| Edgerton and Moreland (1921) |
| Phragmites australis (common reed) | | |
Yes
| |
| Phyllachora maydis (black spot of maize) | Ascospores | |
Yes
| Hock et al. (1995); Liu (1973) |
| Phytophthora kernoviae | Transport of diseased abscised leaves | |
Yes
| Benson et al. (2010); Dick and Parke (2012) |
| Phytophthora lateralis (Port-Orford-cedar root disease) | | |
Yes
| Robin et al. (2011); Trione and Roth (1957) |
| Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Oteng-Amoako and Brink (2008) |
| Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) | Up to 8 km dispersal recorded | |
Yes
| Langdon et al. (2010); Ledgard (2001) |
| Pinus elliottii (slash pine) | | |
Yes
| Cooper (1957); Queensland Government (2011) |
| Pinus pinaster (maritime pine) | | |
Yes
| Cronk and Fuller (1995) |
| Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug) | | |
Yes
| Gerson (2016) |
| Pluchea indica (Indian camphorweed) | Natural dispersion of seed | |
Yes
| |
| Plumeria rubra (red frangipani) | Seeds dispersed by wind |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora of Nicaragua (2020) |
| Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) | Adults |
Yes
|
Yes
| Chapman et al. (2002) |
| Poa annua (annual meadowgrass) | Seed |
Yes
|
Yes
| Holm et al. (1997) |
| Podranea ricasoliana (pink trumpet vine) | Propagules adapted to wind dispersal with seed wings nearly 1cm wide | |
Yes
| Webb et al. (1988) |
| Polygonum arenastrum (common knotweed) | | |
Yes
| Hook (2013) |
| Polypogon monspeliensis (annual beard grass) | | |
Yes
| |
| Portulaca quadrifida (chickenweed) | | |
Yes
| |
| Prunus serotina (black cherry) | The bulk of the fruits, i.e., up to 95 %, fall within the first 5–10 m of the seed tree in forests | |
Yes
| Hoppes (1988) |
| Pseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Kuate (1998) |
| Pseudococcus viburni (obscure mealybug) | Growing season; first-instar crawlers blown away | |
Yes
| |
| Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides (Mexican flamevine) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Gilman (1999) |
| Pteris multifida (spider brake) | Spores are wind-dispersed |
Yes
|
Yes
| PIER (2018) |
| Pteris tripartita (giant brake) | Spores are wind-dispersed | |
Yes
| Morton (1957) |
| Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern) | Spores are easily transported by wind |
Yes
|
Yes
| UF/IFAS Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants (2019) |
| Pterocarpus indicus (red sandalwood) | Seeds floating in waterways and rivers |
Yes
|
Yes
| Thomson (2006) |
| Pterocarpus macrocarpus (Burma padauk) | Seeds dispersed by wind |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Puccinia buxi | Basidiospores | |
Yes
| Alexopoulos et al. (1996) |
| Puccinia gladioli | spores | |
Yes
| Wise et al. (2004) |
| Puccinia pittieriana (common rust of potato) | basidiospores | |
Yes
| EPPO (1988) |
| Pucciniastrum coryli | |
Yes
| | |
| Pyrrhalta luteola (elm leaf beetle) | Adults are not long distance flyers – can move from tree to tree |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Quadrastichus erythrinae (Erythrina gall wasp) | | |
Yes
| |
| Raoiella indica (red palm mite) | Thought to aid dispersal locally or between islands in the Caribbean |
Yes
|
Yes
| Hoy et al. (2006) |
| Rhamphicarpa fistulosa | Seeds are tiny and could be transported by wind |
Yes
| | |
| Rhaponticum repens (Russian knapweed) | | |
Yes
| |
| Rubus parviflorus (thimbleberry) | Seeds | |
Yes
| Haeussler et al. (1990) |
| Salvinia auriculata (giant salvinia) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| ISSG (2009) |
| Schismus arabicus (Arabian schismus) | Seeds are wind dispersed |
Yes
|
Yes
| Esque and Schwalbe (2002) |
| Schizolobium parahyba (Brazilian fern tree) | Fruits wind-dispersed | |
Yes
| Turchetto-Zolet et al. (2012) |
| Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae (brown stripe downy mildew of maize) | | |
Yes
| Singh and Renfro (1971) |
| Senecio glastifolius (holly-leaved senecio) | | |
Yes
| |
| Senecio inaequidens (South African ragwort) | | |
Yes
| Monty et al. (2008) |
| Senna multijuga (November shower) | Seed is adapted for wind dispersal | |
Yes
| PIER (2014) |
| Sesbania sericea (silky sesban) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Francis (2000) |
| Setaria palmifolia (palm grass) | | |
Yes
| |
| Sida repens (Javanese fanpetals) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Raju and Rani (2016) |
| Silene latifolia subsp. alba (white campion) | Natural seed dispersal | |
Yes
| Jongejans and Schippers (1999) |
| Solanum capsicoides (cockroach berry) | |
Yes
| | Levin et al. (2005) |
| Solanum rostratum (prickly nightshade) | Species is a tumbleweed |
Yes
|
Yes
| CSU (2010) |
| Solenopsis richteri (black imported fire ant) | Newly mated queens | |
Yes
| Taber (2000) |
| Solidago canadensis (Canadian goldenrod) | | |
Yes
| Werner et al. (1980) |
| Solidago gigantea (giant goldenrod) | |
Yes
| | Weber and Jakobs (2005) |
| Solidago nemoralis (grey goldenrod) | Hypothetical | |
Yes
| |
| Sonchus asper (spiny sow-thistle) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Hutchinson et al. (1984) |
| Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) | | |
Yes
| |
| Spartium junceum (Spanish broom) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Nilsen et al. (1993); Zouhar (2005) |
| Spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree) | | |
Yes
| ICRAF (2008) |
| Spathoglottis plicata (Philippine ground orchid) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Spermacoce verticillata (shrubby false buttonwood) | | |
Yes
| |
| Spodoptera eridania (southern armyworm) | Outbreaks recorded after the passage of a hurricane | |
Yes
| Torres (1992) |
| Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Johnson (1987) |
| Spodoptera litura (taro caterpillar) | Adult moth | |
Yes
| |
| Sporisorium pulverulentum (Sporisorium smut of wild Saccharum) | | |
Yes
| |
| Sporisorium sacchari (Asian sugarcane smut) | spores | |
Yes
| Lee-Lovick (1978) |
| Sporobolus pyramidalis (giant rat’s tail grass) | | |
Yes
| |
| Sporobolus tenuissimus (tropical dropseed) | Seeds are small and wind dispersed |
Yes
|
Yes
| Catasús Guerra (1997) |
| Striga asiatica (witch weed) | | |
Yes
| |
| Tabebuia heterophylla (pink trumpet tree) | Up to or over 100m | |
Yes
| Weaver (1990) |
| Tabebuia rosea (pink poui) | Seeds are wind dispersed | |
Yes
| PROTA (2016) |
| Tamarix ramosissima (saltcedar) | | |
Yes
| |
| Tecoma capensis (Cape honeysuckle) | Winged seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2016) |
| Thaumastocoris peregrinus (bronze bug) | Adults | |
Yes
| Nadel et al. (2010) |
| Thecaphora frezii (peanut smut) | Spores can be transported by wind from infested plots to healthy plots. Peanut processing plants are a major source of aerial spores | |
Yes
| Cazón (2015); Rago et al. (2016); Rago et al. (2017) |
| Thekopsora areolata (cherry spruce rust) | Basidiospores, aeciospores, urediniospores | |
Yes
| Alexopoulos et al. (1996) |
| Thelypteris opulenta (jewelled maiden fern) | Spores | |
Yes
| |
| Thymophylla tenuiloba (Dahlberg daisy) | Seeds are wind-dispersed | |
Yes
| Dave's Garden (2019) |
| Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Roothaert and Paterson (1997) |
| Tithonia rotundifolia (red sunflower) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| BioNET-EAFRINET (2018) |
| Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (Tomato New Delhi virus) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (leaf curl) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Cohen et al. (1988) |
| Trachelospermum jasminoides (star-jasmine) | Seeds | |
Yes
| Flora of China Editorial Committee (2017) |
| Tradescantia spathacea (boat lily) | Seeds carried by wind |
Yes
|
Yes
| Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (2011) |
| Tragus racemosus (stalker bur grass) | Although adapted for animal dispersal, there is a report of the species being wind dispersed | |
Yes
| Catasús Guerra (2015) |
| Trichoconiella padwickii (stackburn disease) | conidia | |
Yes
| Sreeramulu and Vittal (1966) |
| Trifolium hybridum (alsike clover) | | |
Yes
| |
| Triplaris americana (ant tree) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Pires et al. (2015) |
| Turbina corymbosa (Christmas vine) | | |
Yes
| |
| Typha angustifolia (lesser bulrush) | | |
Yes
| |
| Typha domingensis (southern cattail) | Achenes with hairs. |
Yes
|
Yes
| Krattinger (1975) |
| Typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail) | | |
Yes
| Grace and Harrison (1986) |
| Typha x glauca (hybrid cattail) | Fruits with hairs |
Yes
|
Yes
| Krattinger (1975) |
| Ulex europaeus (gorse) | | |
Yes
| Hill et al. (1996) |
| Uraba lugens (eucalypt leaf skeletonizer) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Urochloa decumbens (signal grass) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Cook et al. (2005) |
| Urochloa reptans (sprawling signalgrass) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| India Biodiversity Portal (2018) |
| Urocystis agropyri (flag smut of wheat) | | |
Yes
| Vánky and Shivas (2008) |
| Uromycladium spp. that cause gall rusts (Acacia gall rusts) | Teliospores readily dispersed by wind |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Urtica dioica (stinging nettle) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Verbena officinalis (vervain) | Reported as wind dispersed, but without further information | |
Yes
| India Biodiversity Portal (2020) |
| Verbesina encelioides (golden crownbeard) | | |
Yes
| Kaul and Mangal (1987) |
| Vespa velutina (Asian hornet) | | |
Yes
| |
| Viguiera dentata (sunflower goldeneye) | Seeds | |
Yes
| Schilling (2006) |
| Wheat streak mosaic virus (wheat streak) | The vector is carried by winds for up to 4 km. |
Yes
| | Coutts et al. (2008); Stillwell (2009) |
| Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. alfalfae (bacterial leaf spot of lucerne) | | |
Yes
| |
| Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria (bacterial spot of tomato and pepper) | | |
Yes
| |
| Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans (bacterial spot of tomato) | | |
Yes
| |
| Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri (bacterial spot of tomato and pepper) | | |
Yes
| |
| Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis (bacterial leaf streak of grasses) | | |
Yes
| |
| Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens (bacterial leaf streak of barley) | | |
Yes
| |
| Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa (bacterial leaf streak of wheat and barley) | | |
Yes
| |
| Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum (bacterial leaf streak of corn) | | |
Yes
| Sivitis (2017) |
| Xanthomonas vesicatoria (bacterial spot of tomato and pepper) | | |
Yes
| |
| Youngia japonica (oriental false hawksbeard) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-NRCS (2018) |
| Zeuxine strateumatica (soldier’s orchid) | Seeds carried by wind over long distances |
Yes
|
Yes
| Chau and Siu (1998) |
| Zinnia peruviana (Peruvian zinnia) | Seeds adapted for wind dispersal | |
Yes
| PlantPono (2014) |
| Ziziphus spina-christi (Christ's thorn jujube) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Saied et al. (2008) |
