Acacia glauca (wild dividivi) | | |
Yes
| |
Acanthiophilus helianthi (fly, capsule) | Transport of cut flowers or safflower for oil production. |
Yes
| | |
Acanthospermum australe (spiny-bur) | | |
Yes
| |
Acanthospermum hispidum (bristly starbur) | In ship ballast water, also associated with road- and railsides |
Yes
| | |
Acarapis woodi (honeybee mite) | |
Yes
| | Woodward and Quinn (2011) |
Achatina fulica (giant African land snail) | |
Yes
| | |
Achillea millefolium (yarrow) | | |
Yes
| Barros and Pickering (2014) |
Acridotheres tristis (common myna) | |
Yes
| | |
Acrolepiopsis assectella (leek moth) | |
Yes
| | |
Adelges tsugae (hemlock woolly adelgid) | | |
Yes
| |
Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Aegilops cylindrica | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Aeschynomene americana (shyleaf) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Vibrans (2009) |
Agave americana (century plant) | Seeds, bulbils and stem fragments |
Yes
|
Yes
| Weeds of Australia (2016) |
Ageratina adenophora (Croftonweed) | In mud on agricultural machinery |
Yes
| | |
Ageratum houstonianum (Blue billygoatweed) | | |
Yes
| Cornell Garden-Based Learning (2016) |
Agrostis avenacea (Pacific bent grass) | Seeds can be transported long distances, especially via railway. |
Yes
|
Yes
| Victorian Resources Online (2015) |
Agrostis capillaris (common bent) | | |
Yes
| |
Ailanthus altissima (tree-of-heaven) | Frequent, seed |
Yes
|
Yes
| Kowarik and Lippe (2006); Kowarik and Lippe (2011) |
Alburnus alburnus (bleak) | Movement by trucks etc. |
Yes
| | Welcomme (1988) |
Alhagi maurorum (camelthorn) | Shipment |
Yes
| | |
Alopecurus myosuroides (black-grass) | Farm equipment, grain transport. Seed along roadsides | |
Yes
| Lass and Prather (2007) |
Alphitobius diaperinus (lesser mealworm) | Transported in national and international grain trade |
Yes
| | |
Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) | Agricultural and excavation machinery, tyres |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Alysicarpus vaginalis (alyce clover) | Species cultivated in agricultural settings thus possibly spread by machinery and vehicle tires |
Yes
|
Yes
| Duke (1981); Hanelt et al. (2001) |
Alyssum desertorum (desert madwort) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Olliff et al. (2001) |
Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer amaranth) | From agricultural practices | |
Yes
| Ward et al. (2013) |
Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth) | Seeds | |
Yes
| USDA-ARS (2015) |
Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) | Railway freight, dock cargo, agricultural vehicles | |
Yes
| |
Ambrosia confertiflora | | |
Yes
| |
Ambrosia peruviana (Peruvian ragweed) | Seeds | |
Yes
| |
Ambrosia psilostachya (perennial ragweed) | Railway freight, dock cargo, agricultural vehicles |
Yes
| | |
Ambrosia tenuifolia (lacy ragweed) | Seeds and roots |
Yes
|
Yes
| Montagnani et al. (2017) |
Ambrosia trifida (giant ragweed) | Harvest machinery and grain trucks | |
Yes
| |
Anagallis arvensis (scarlet pimpernel) | |
Yes
| | |
Anastrepha fraterculus (South American fruit fly) | Aeroplanes and boats, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Anastrepha obliqua (West Indian fruit fly) | Aeroplanes and boats, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Anastrepha striata (guava fruit fly) | Aeroplanes and boats, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Andropogon virginicus (broomsedge) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Anguina agrostis (nematode, bentgrass) | |
Yes
| | |
Anoplolepis gracilipes (yellow crazy ant) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Aonidomytilus albus (tapioca scale) | Vehicles that have recently carried infested cassava. |
Yes
| | |
Aphelenchoides besseyi (rice leaf nematode) | |
Yes
| | |
Aphelenchoides fragariae (strawberry crimp nematode) | |
Yes
| | |
Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi (Chrysanthemum foliar eelworm) | |
Yes
| | |
Apiognomonia errabunda (anthracnose) | |
Yes
| | |
Aproceros leucopoda (elm zigzag sawfly) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Blank et al. (2010) |
Arthurdendyus triangulatus (New Zealand flatworm) | Could be moved on soil attached to farm equipment | |
Yes
| |
Arundo donax (giant reed) | Seeds, plant fragments |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-NRCS (2014) |
Asparagus asparagoides (bridal creeper) | | |
Yes
| |
Asparagus densiflorus (asparagus fern) | | |
Yes
| |
Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica (cane cactus) | | |
Yes
| |
Austrocylindropuntia subulata (Eve’s needle cactus) | | |
Yes
| |
Avena fatua (wild oat) | |
Yes
| | |
Avocado sunblotch viroid (avocado sun blotch) | |
Yes
| | |
Bactrocera carambolae (carambola fruit fly) | Aeroplanes and boats, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Bactrocera cucumis (cucumber fruit fly) | Lorries, planes, possibly ships with fruit cargo |
Yes
| | |
Bactrocera cucurbitae (melon fly) | Less frequently pupae |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly) | Fruits infested with eggs, larvae and/or pupae | |
Yes
| |
Bactrocera facialis | Aeroplanes and boats, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Bactrocera frauenfeldi (mango fruit fly) | Lorries, aeroplanes and perhaps ships, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Bactrocera jarvisi (Jarvis' fruit fly) | Lories, aeroplanes and perhaps ships, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Bactrocera kirki | Aeroplanes and boats, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Bactrocera latifrons (Solanum fruit fly) | Aeroplanes and boats, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Bactrocera melanotus | Aeroplanes and boats, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Bactrocera minax (Chinese citrus fly) | Lorries, planes, possibly ships with fruit cargo |
Yes
| | |
Bactrocera neohumeralis | Lorries, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Bactrocera occipitalis | Aeroplanes and boats, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Bactrocera oleae (olive fruit fly) | Aeroplanes and boats, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Bactrocera psidii (South Sea guava fruit fly) | Aeroplanes and boats, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Bactrocera tau | Aeroplanes and boats, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Bactrocera tryoni (Queensland fruit fly) | Aeroplanes and boats, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Bactrocera tsuneonis (Japanese orange fly) | Lorries, planes, possibly ships carrying fruit cargo |
Yes
| | |
Bactrocera umbrosa | Aeroplanes and boats, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Bactrocera xanthodes (Pacific fruit fly) | Lorries, planes, possibly ships with fruit cargo |
Yes
| | |
Bactrocera zonata (peach fruit fly) | Fruits infested with larvae and/or eggs |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Bauhinia monandra (Napoleon's plume) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (2011) |
Berberis thunbergii (Japanese barberry) | Unintentional transport of seeds |
Yes
| | |
Boiga irregularis (brown tree snake) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Bothriochloa ischaemum (yellow bluestem) | Seeds |
Yes
| | Hilty (2014) |
Bothriochloa pertusa (pitted beard grass) | Seeds, plant fragments | |
Yes
| |
Brachypodium distachyon (purple false brome) | Florets can be dispersed by vehicle tyres | |
Yes
| Cal-IPC (California Invasive Plant Council) (2016) |
Brachypodium sylvaticum (slender false brome) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Brassica nigra (black mustard) | Via seed, soiled tyres |
Yes
| | Cal-IPC (California Invasive Plant Council) (2004) |
Brassica rapa (field mustard) | Possible from its cultivation | |
Yes
| |
Brassica tournefortii (African mustard) | Seeds, plant fragments |
Yes
| | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Briza maxima (large quaking grass) | | |
Yes
| |
Bromus tectorum (downy brome) | All |
Yes
| | |
Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush) | | |
Yes
| |
Buddleja madagascariensis (smokebush) | Seeds and stem fragments |
Yes
|
Yes
| Weeds of Australia (2016) |
Bunias orientalis (Turkish warty-cabbage) | |
Yes
| | |
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pine wilt nematode) | |
Yes
| | |
Cadra cautella (dried currant moth) | Transported in national and international grain |
Yes
| | |
Callisia repens (creeping inch-plant) | Plants and plant segments |
Yes
|
Yes
| Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2005) |
Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Cook et al. (2005) |
Calotropis procera (apple of sodom) | |
Yes
| | |
Cameraria ohridella (horsechestnut leafminer) | Railway wagons, TIR (international road transport) vehicles |
Yes
| | |
Campylopus introflexus | Spores/Shoot tips | |
Yes
| |
Candidatus Liberibacter africanus (African greening) | Only insofar as plants / budwood is transported by vehicles |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (citrus greening) | |
Yes
| | |
Capsicum baccatum (pepper) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Basu and De (2003) |
Carduus pycnocephalus (Italian thistle) | | |
Yes
| |
Carpophilus (dried-fruit beetles) | Transported in national and international grain trade |
Yes
| | |
Cassia grandis (pink shower) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| ICRAF (2014) |
Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Centaurea debeauxii (meadow knapweed) | | |
Yes
| |
Centaurea diffusa (diffuse knapweed) | automobiles, farm vehicles |
Yes
| | |
Centaurea iberica (Iberian starthistle) | |
Yes
| | |
Centaurea melitensis (Maltese starthistle) | | |
Yes
| DiTomaso and Healy (2007); Hubbert (2007) |
Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) | Construction |
Yes
| | |
Centaurea stoebe subsp. micranthos (spotted knapweed) | Logging, off road vehicles |
Yes
| | |
Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) | Aeroplanes and boats, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Ceratitis cosyra (mango fruit fly) | Lorries carrying cargo |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Ceratitis punctata (cacao fruit fly) | Lorries, planes, possibly ships with fruit cargo |
Yes
| | |
Ceratophyllum demersum (coontail) | On wheels, tracks or in attached mud etc. of excavation vehicles | |
Yes
| |
Chionaspis pinifoliae (pine leaf scale) | |
Yes
| | |
Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) | Seeds attached to vehicles and machinery |
Yes
|
Yes
| Weeds of Australia (2020) |
Chromatomyia horticola (pea leaf miner) | Road transport/air/sea as commercial flowers/crops. |
Yes
| | |
Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) | Military vehicles and equipment |
Yes
|
Yes
| McFadyen (2002) |
Chrysanthemoides monilifera (boneseed) | Ship's ballast |
Yes
| | |
Cirsium arvense (creeping thistle) | Farm vehicles |
Yes
| | |
Cirsium mexicanum (Mexican thistle) | Seed |
Yes
|
Yes
| Holm et al. (1997) |
Cirsium vulgare (spear thistle) | Transport vehicles and farm machines |
Yes
| | |
Clavibacter michiganensis (bacterial canker of tomato) | Risk of soil on wheels. |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Clavibacter nebraskensis (Goss's bacterial wilt and leaf blight) | | |
Yes
| |
Clavibacter sepedonicus (potato ring rot) | Soil on machinery. |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Clerodendrum indicum (Turk's turban) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Clerodendrum speciosissimum (Java glory bower) | Rhizome fragments may be accidentally transported in soil stuck to machinery, vehicles, etc |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm) | Very low risk, but possible | |
Yes
| |
Conium maculatum (poison hemlock) | | |
Yes
| |
Coptotermes formosanus (Formosan subterranean termite) | Wooden boats, street-cars |
Yes
| | |
Coptotermes gestroi (Asian subterranean termite) | Alates, larvae or nymphs in wood and wooden structure transported in vehicles |
Yes
|
Yes
| Scheffrahn and Su (2000) |
Cornu aspersum (common garden snail) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Cosmos sulphureus (sulphur cosmos) | Dispersal by vehicles is possible as species is commonly found on roadsides |
Yes
|
Yes
| Liogier and Martorell (2000) |
Cotton leaf curl disease complex (leaf curl disease of cotton) | | | | |
Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus | | | | |
Cowpea mild mottle virus (angular mosaic of beans) | | | | |
Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn) | | |
Yes
| Alverson and Sigg (2008) |
Crocidosema plebejana (cotton tipworm) | |
Yes
| | |
Cromileptes altivelis (humpback grouper) | Juveniles and adults, for short distance transportation, e.g. from airport or port to the farm | |
Yes
| Ou et al. (1999); Sadovy (2000); Sadovy et al. (2007) |
Cronartium ribicola (white pine blister rust) | Aeciospores |
Yes
| | |
Crotalaria spectabilis (showy rattlepod) | Seeds as contaminant in agricultural equipment |
Yes
|
Yes
| Maddox et al. (2011) |
Cryptostegia grandiflora (rubber vine) | Farm machinery |
Yes
| | |
Cryptotermes brevis (powderpost termite) | Ships, boats |
Yes
| | |
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus | Vehicles which have been on infected properties could transmit virus to properties subsequently visited | |
Yes
| |
Cuphea carthagenensis (Colombian waxweed) | | |
Yes
| Technigro (2011) |
Cuscuta japonica (Japanese dodder) | | |
Yes
| |
Cyclosorus parasiticus (parasitic maiden fern) | Likely mode of spore dispersal |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Cylindropuntia fulgida (jumping cholla) | As shown for other Cylindropuntia species | |
Yes
| Deltoro et al. (2014) |
Cylindropuntia rosea (hudson pear) | As shown for other Cylindropuntia species | |
Yes
| Deltoro et al. (2014) |
Cymbopogon nardus (citronella grass) | |
Yes
| | NARO (2004) |
Cynara cardunculus (cardoon) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Kelly (2000) |
Cynodon nlemfuensis (African Bermuda-grass) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Cook et al. (2005) |
Cynodon plectostachyus (African stargrass) | Seeds and stolons | |
Yes
| Cook et al. (2005) |
Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Peterson and Raj Prasad (1998) |
Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Holm et al. (1977) |
Dacus ciliatus (lesser pumpkin fly) | infested fruit |
Yes
| | |
Dalea scandens (low prairie clover) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-NRCS (2015) |
Datura innoxia (downy thorn apple) | | |
Yes
| |
Daucus carota (carrot) | Seed can adhere via mud to underside of vehicles |
Yes
|
Yes
| Schmidt (1989) |
Deanolis albizonalis (mango seed borer) | Wood material through edible fruits carriage. |
Yes
| | |
Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Douglas-fir beetle) | Ships, trucks |
Yes
| | |
Dendroctonus valens (red turpentine beetle) | |
Yes
| | |
Dendrolimus superans sibiricus (Siberian silk moth) | |
Yes
| | |
Dendrolimus tabulaeformis (Chinese pine caterpillar) | Adults in vehicles. |
Yes
| | |
Desmodium incanum (creeping beggerweed) | Sticky seeds could attach to vehicles |
Yes
|
Yes
| Mori and Brown (1998) |
Desmostachya bipinnata (halfa grass) | |
Yes
| | |
Diabrotica undecimpunctata (spotted cucumber beetle) | |
Yes
| | |
Dichanthium annulatum (Kleberg's bluestem) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Vibrans (2011) |
Digitaria bicornis (Asian crabgrass) | Might be carried unintentionally in agricultural machinery | |
Yes
| |
Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass) | Seeds, plant segments, rhizomes |
Yes
|
Yes
| Holm et al. (1979) |
Digitaria fuscescens (yellow crab grass) | Might be carried unintentionally in agricultural machinery | |
Yes
| |
Digitaria insularis (sourgrass) | | |
Yes
| |
Dinoderus minutus (bamboo borer) | |
Yes
| | |
Diprion similis (white pine sawfly) | |
Yes
| | |
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly, common) | If rotten fruit not cleared. |
Yes
| | |
Dysphania ambrosioides (Mexican tea) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-ARS (2013) |
Echium plantagineum (Paterson's curse) | |
Yes
| | |
Elaeagnus umbellata (autumn olive) | | |
Yes
| USDA-NRCS (2016) |
Elodea canadensis (Canadian pondweed) | On wheels, tracks or in attached mud etc. | |
Yes
| Barrat-Segretain and Elger; 2004 |
Emex australis (Doublegee) | Car rubber tyres |
Yes
| | |
Emex spinosa (spiny emex) | Car tyres |
Yes
| | |
Emilia coccinea (scarlet tasselflower) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Davidse et al. (2018) |
Emilia fosbergii (Florida tassel-flower) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Vibrans (2011) |
Emilia praetermissa (yellow thistle) | Seeds dispersed as contaminants adhered to vehicles and farm machinery |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2020) |
Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower) | Seed dispersal |
Yes
|
Yes
| Fern (2019) |
Ephestia kuehniella (Mediterranean flour moth) | |
Yes
| | |
Epidiaspis leperii (European pear scale) | |
Yes
| | |
Eragrostis lehmanniana (Lehmann lovegrass) | Species is common on roadsides and trails, seeds adhere to vehicles |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Eragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass) | Seed | |
Yes
| NDFF (2018) |
Eragrostis plana (South African lovegrass) | Common on roadsides and trails, adheres to vehicles |
Yes
|
Yes
| Reis (1993) |
Eremochloa ophiuroides (centipedegrass) | Seeds and stolons |
Yes
|
Yes
| Brosnan and Deputy (2008) |
Erionota thrax (banana skipper) | | |
Yes
| |
Eucheuma spp. | Live vegetative stage | |
Yes
| Ask and Azanza (2002) |
Euonymus fortunei (wintercreeper) | Potted plants transported to nurseries and homes | |
Yes
| ISSG (2013) |
Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge) | Agricultural equipment and vehicles. |
Yes
| | |
Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed) | Small fragments of rhizome |
Yes
| | |
Fallopia sachalinensis (giant knotweed) | Earch moving equipment | |
Yes
| |
Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Holm et al. (1977) |
Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier) | Seeds as contaminants |
Yes
|
Yes
| Damalas (2008) |
Galinsoga quadriradiata (shaggy soldier) | Seeds as a contaminant |
Yes
|
Yes
| Kabuce and Priede (2010) |
Genista monspessulana (Montpellier broom) | |
Yes
| | |
Gilpinia hercyniae (spruce sawfly) | |
Yes
| | |
Globodera pallida (white potato cyst nematode) | Cysts |
Yes
|
Yes
| Been and Schomaker (2006) |
Globodera rostochiensis (yellow potato cyst nematode) | Cysts as contamination, juveniles |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Globodera tabacum (tobacco cyst nematode) | Cysts in soil |
Yes
| | |
Glycaspis brimblecombei (red gum lerp psyllid) | Trucks and cars. |
Yes
| | |
Glyceria maxima (reed sweet-grass) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Parsons and Cuthbertson (1992) |
Gnathotrichus sulcatus (western hemlock wood stainer) | Ships |
Yes
| | |
Golovinomyces cichoracearum (powdery mildew) | |
Yes
| | |
Golovinomyces orontii (powdery mildew) | |
Yes
| | |
Gomphocarpus physocarpus (balloon cotton bush) | Fruits, seeds, and stem fragments |
Yes
|
Yes
| Motooka et al. (2003) |
Gonipterus gibberus (snout beetle, eucalyptus) | Hitchhikers |
Yes
| | |
Gonipterus scutellatus (eucalyptus snout beetle) | Hitchhikers |
Yes
| | |
Grapholita delineana (hemp borer) | Trucks carrying harvested hemp stalks. |
Yes
| | |
Gremmeniella abietina (Brunchorstia disease) | Christmas trees |
Yes
| | |
Haematoxylum campechianum (logwood) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Gurib-Fakim (2005) |
Halyomorpha halys (brown marmorated stink bug) | Adults found in vehicles, especially when seeking shelter in the autumn. |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Helenium amarum (bitterweed) | | |
Yes
| Tomley and Panetta (2002) |
Helicotylenchus dihystera (common spiral nematode) | With soil |
Yes
| | |
Helicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode) | In soil from banana grower |
Yes
| | |
Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus (spiral nematode) | With soil |
Yes
| | |
Helicotylenchus variocaudatus | With soil |
Yes
| | |
Heliotropium curassavicum (salt heliotrope) | Seeds, root fragments |
Yes
|
Yes
| Hegazy et al. (1994) |
Hemiberlesia pitysophila (pine needle hemiberlesian scale) | |
Yes
| | |
Hemicriconemoides mangiferae | With soil |
Yes
| | |
Hemicycliophora arenaria (sheath nematode) | With soil |
Yes
| | |
Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) | | |
Yes
| Tiley et al. (1996) |
Heracleum persicum (Persian hogweed) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Heracleum sosnowskyi (Sosnowskyi's hogweed) | Seeds may get attached to tyres of cars, tractors and other vehicles |
Yes
|
Yes
| Kabuce (2006) |
Heterodera avenae (cereal cyst eelworm) | Cysts in soil. |
Yes
| | |
Heterodera cajani (pigeon pea cyst nematode) | Cysts |
Yes
| | |
Heterodera ciceri (chickpea cyst nematode) | With soil. |
Yes
| | |
Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode) | Cysts in soil. |
Yes
| | |
Heterodera goettingiana (pea cyst eelworm) | Cysts as contaminants. |
Yes
| | |
Heterodera oryzae (rice cyst nematode) | Cysts in soil |
Yes
| | |
Heterodera oryzicola (rice cyst nematode) | Cysts in soil. |
Yes
| | |
Heterodera sacchari (sugarcane cyst nematode) | Cysts in soil. |
Yes
| | |
Heterodera zeae (corn cyst nematode) | Cysts as contaminants. |
Yes
| | |
Heterotis niloticus (African bonytongue) | | |
Yes
| |
Hirschfeldia incana (shortpod mustard) | | |
Yes
| Brooks (2004) |
Hirschmanniella oryzae (rice root nematode) | With soil. |
Yes
| | |
Hirschmanniella spinicaudata (rice root nematode) | With soil. |
Yes
| | |
Homalodisca vitripennis (glassy winged sharpshooter) | Adults within vehicles; adults and nymphs in storage and transport bins. |
Yes
| | |
Hoplolaimus indicus (lance nematode) | With soil. |
Yes
| | |
Hoplolaimus pararobustus (lance nematode) | With soil. |
Yes
| | |
Hoplolaimus seinhorsti (lance nematode) | With soil. |
Yes
| | |
Hydrocharis morsus-ranae | Vehicles with trailers |
Yes
|
Yes
| USGS-NAS (2002) |
Hylobitelus xiaoi | |
Yes
| | |
Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Starr et al. (2003) |
Hyptis alata (clustered bushmint) | Seeds as contaminants | | | |
Hyptis brevipes (lesser roundweed) | | |
Yes
| |
Hyptis spicigera (black sesame) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Le Bourgeois et al. (2019) |
Hyptis suaveolens (pignut) | | |
Yes
| Merril (1981) |
Impatiens parviflora (small balsam) | Seed in attached dirt; forestry vehicles |
Yes
| | Trepl (1984) |
Impatiens walleriana (busy lizzy) | Stem fragments and seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Queensland Government (2018) |
Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass) | | |
Yes
| |
Indigofera trita (Asian indigo) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2014) |
Indigofera trita subsp. scabra (Asian Indigo) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2014) |
Ipomoea indica (ocean blue morning-glory) | Seeds and stem fragments can be dispersed by slashers, movers and other vehicles |
Yes
|
Yes
| Queensland Government (2017) |
Ips hauseri (Kyrgyz mountain engraver) | |
Yes
| | |
Ips subelongatus (larch bark beetle) | |
Yes
| | |
Isatis tinctoria (dyer's woad) | Especially agricultural vehicles | |
Yes
| Zouhar (2009) |
Japanagromyza tristella (soyabean black leaf-miner) | Road transport/air/sea as commercial flowers/crops. |
Yes
| | |
Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush) | |
Yes
| | |
Juncus effusus (common rush) | | |
Yes
| |
Juncus ensifolius (swordleaf rush) | | |
Yes
| |
Juncus tenuis (slender rush) | |
Yes
| | |
Kalanchoe delagoensis (chandelier plant) | Seeds, plantlets, plant fragments |
Yes
|
Yes
| BioNET-EAFRINET (2011) |
Lagarosiphon major (African elodea) | Vegetation moving between water bodies on vehicles, moving boats, trailers, recreational equipment |
Yes
|
Yes
| Cronk and Fuller (1995) |
Lasioderma serricorne (cigarette beetle) | Transported in national and international grain trade |
Yes
| | |
Launaea intybacea (bitter lettuce) | Seeds as contaminants |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2018) |
Lepidium draba (hoary cress) | All including agricultural machines, undercarriage |
Yes
| | |
Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle) | Adults are occasionally found in all sorts of road vehicles, which pass or park near infested fields |
Yes
| | |
Leptochloa fusca (sprangletop) | | |
Yes
| |
Leptocybe invasa (blue gum chalcid) | | |
Yes
| |
Leucanthemum vulgare (oxeye daisy) | | |
Yes
| |
Leuciscus leuciscus (common dace) | |
Yes
| | |
Limnocharis flava (yellow bur-head) | |
Yes
| | |
Linaria dalmatica (dalmatian toadflax) | | |
Yes
| |
Linepithema humile (Argentine ant) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Liriomyza brassicae (serpentine leafminer) | Road transport/air. |
Yes
| | |
Liriomyza bryoniae (tomato leaf miner) | Road transport/air. |
Yes
| | |
Liriomyza sativae (vegetable leaf miner) | |
Yes
| | |
Liriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer) | Road transport/air. |
Yes
| | |
Longidorus elongatus (needle nematode) | With soil. |
Yes
| | |
Lopholeucaspis japonica (Japanese baton shaped scale) | Air and surface transport of ornamental and crop plant material. |
Yes
| | |
Lupinus angustifolius (narrow-leaf lupin) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-NRCS (2017) |
Lupinus plattensis (Nebraska lupine) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Georgia (1914) |
Lycium ferocissimum (African boxthorn) | Farm vehicles |
Yes
| | |
Lycorma delicatula (spotted lanternfly) | Egg masses deposited on vehicles. Adults found on vehicles can be transported |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Kean et al. (2015); Liebhold and Tobin (2006); Ross (2005) |
Lymantria mathura (pink gypsy moth) | |
Yes
| | |
Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) | All kinds of treads | |
Yes
| Thompson et al. (1987) |
Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug) | Larvae on passing vehicles | |
Yes
| |
Manduca quinquemaculata (tomato hornworm) | Aircraft |
Yes
| | |
Martynia annua (tiger's claw) | Seeds/“clawed” fruit |
Yes
|
Yes
| Weeds of Australia (2016) |
Melanagromyza dolichostigma (miner, soybean root) | Road transport/air. |
Yes
| | |
Melanaspis glomerata (sugarcane scale) | |
Yes
| | |
Melilotus officinalis (yellow sweet clover) | Seeds as a contaminant | |
Yes
| Klein (2011) |
Meloidogyne acronea (African cotton root nematode) | Eggs and galls in soil. |
Yes
| | |
Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode) | Eggs and galls in soil. |
Yes
| | |
Meloidogyne chitwoodi (columbia root-knot nematode) | Eggs in soil. |
Yes
| | |
Meloidogyne coffeicola (coffee root-knot nematode) | |
Yes
| | |
Meloidogyne decalineata (African coffee root-knot nematode) | Eggs and juveniles in soil. |
Yes
| | |
Meloidogyne exigua (coffee root-knot nematode) | Eggs and juveniles in soil. |
Yes
| | |
Meloidogyne fallax (false Columbia root-knot nematode) | Eggs and juveniles in soil. |
Yes
| | |
Meloidogyne graminicola (rice root knot nematode) | Eggs and juveniles in soil. |
Yes
| | |
Meloidogyne hapla (root knot nematode) | Eggs and juveniles in soil. |
Yes
| | |
Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) | Eggs and galls in soil. |
Yes
| | |
Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm) | Eggs and galls in soil. |
Yes
| | |
Meloidogyne mayaguensis | Eggs and galls in soil. |
Yes
| | |
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (crystalline iceplant) | | |
Yes
| The Arizona Wildland Invasive Plant Working Group (AZ-WIPWG) (2005) |
Mesosphaerum pectinatum (comb bushmint) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Miconia calvescens (miconia) | Seeds. Introduced to Nuku iva and Fatu Hiva by vehicles and engines for road construction |
Yes
|
Yes
| Meyer (1998a) |
Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) | | |
Yes
| |
Mikania micrantha (bitter vine) | |
Yes
| | |
Mimosa arenosa (elegant mimosa) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Francis (2004) |
Mimosa casta (graceful mimosa) | Fruits and seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-ARS (2012) |
Mimosa ceratonia (climbing mimosa) | Fruits and seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-ARS (2012) |
Mimosa diplotricha (giant sensitive plant) | | |
Yes
| DAF (2016); Parsons and Cuthbertson (1992) |
Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant) | |
Yes
| | |
Monochamus sutor (small white-marmorated longicorn) | Aircraft, ships |
Yes
| | |
Mononychellus tanajoa (cassava green mite) | Eggs, crawlers/adults. Common pathway |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) | Cultivated seed can be transported by agricultural vehicles and machinery |
Yes
|
Yes
| Duke (1981) |
Mus musculus (house mouse) | |
Yes
| | |
Mycosphaerella citri (greasy spot) | Dead leaves. |
Yes
| | |
Nacobbus aberrans (false root-knot nematode) | Eggs and adults as contaminants. |
Yes
| | |
Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock grass) | |
Yes
| | |
Nasturtium microphyllum (one-row watercress) | | |
Yes
| |
Nelsonia canescens (blue pussyleaf) | Seeds and roots |
Yes
|
Yes
| Mahbubur (2013) |
Neodiprion sertifer (European pine sawfly) | |
Yes
| | |
Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) | Tiny seeds can be transported in soil, on vehicle tyres, on footwear, etc |
Yes
|
Yes
| PIER (2014) |
Odontonema cuspidatum (Cardinal’s guard) | Pieces of stems and roots from gardens |
Yes
|
Yes
| Francis (2005) |
Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines) | Seeds, roots, stem fragments |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROSEA (2018) |
Oldenlandia lancifolia (calycose mille graines) | Seeds as contaminant |
Yes
|
Yes
| Pringle (1982) |
Onopordum acanthium (scotch thistle) | Transport vehicles and farm machinery |
Yes
| | |
Ophiostoma novo-ulmi (Dutch elm disease) | Truck, ship, aeroplane, train |
Yes
| | |
Ophiostoma ulmi (Dutch elm disease) | Truck, ship, aeroplane, train |
Yes
| | |
Orobanche cernua (nodding broomrape) | | |
Yes
| |
Orobanche cumana (sunflower broomrape) | | |
Yes
| |
Orobanche ramosa (branched broomrape) | | |
Yes
| Jacobsohn (1984) |
Oryza barthii | | |
Yes
| |
Oryzaephilus surinamensis (saw toothed grain beetle) | Transported in national and international grain trade |
Yes
| | |
Osteopilus septentrionalis (Cuban treefrog) | Adults |
Yes
| | Johnson (2017) |
Papuana huebneri (taro beetle) | | |
Yes
| |
Paracoccus marginatus (papaya mealybug) | | |
Yes
| |
Paralongidorus australis (needle nematode) | With soil |
Yes
| | |
Paratrichodorus minor (stubby root nematode) | With soil |
Yes
| | |
Paratrichodorus porosus | With soil |
Yes
| | |
Parthenium hysterophorus (parthenium weed) | Tractors, combine harvestors, etc | |
Yes
| |
Paspalum dilatatum (dallisgrass) | | |
Yes
| Eurobodalla Shire Council (2017) |
Paspalum urvillei (Vasey grass) | From agricultural practices | |
Yes
| Hitchcock (1936); FAO (2012b) |
Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum) | | |
Yes
| |
Pectinophora scutigera (pink spotted bollworm) | In cotton modules being transported to gin |
Yes
| | |
Pennisetum pedicellatum (deenanath grass) | |
Yes
| | |
Pennisetum polystachion (mission grass) | Very low seed numbers | |
Yes
| Lonsdale and Lane (1994) |
Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) | Seed and plant segments attached to vehicles |
Yes
|
Yes
| Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (2011) |
Pentas lanceolata (Egyptian starcluster) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2018) |
Pheidole megacephala (big-headed ant) | |
Yes
| | |
Phylacteophaga froggatti (leafblister sawfly) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Phyllophaga smithi (white grub) | Ships, boats, aeroplanes. |
Yes
| | |
Phytophthora cambivora (root rot of forest trees) | Movement of soil |
Yes
| | |
Phytophthora cinnamomi (Phytophthora dieback) | In moist soil stuck to vehicles | |
Yes
| Batini (1977); Colquhoun and Petersen (1994) |
Phytophthora lateralis (Port-Orford-cedar root disease) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Goheen et al. (2012) |
Phytophthora megasperma (root rot) | Tractor tyres, car tyre treads. |
Yes
| | |
Phytophthora ramorum (Sudden Oak Death (SOD)) | All if soil moved. | | | |
Pineus boerneri (pine woolly aphid) | |
Yes
| | |
Piper aduncum (spiked pepper) | | |
Yes
| ISSG (2016) |
Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) | |
Yes
| | |
Poa annua (annual meadowgrass) | Seed |
Yes
|
Yes
| Holm et al. (1997) |
Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail) | Cargo ships/boats |
Yes
| | |
Portulaca pilosa (kiss-me-quick) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Portulaca quadrifida (chickenweed) | | |
Yes
| |
Pratylenchus brachyurus (root-lesion nematode) | Farm machinery |
Yes
| | |
Pratylenchus coffeae (banana root nematode) | |
Yes
| | |
Pratylenchus penetrans (nematode, northern root lesion) | In soil. |
Yes
| | |
Pratylenchus thornei | In soil. |
Yes
| | |
Pratylenchus vulnus (walnut root lesion nematode) | In soil. |
Yes
| | |
Pratylenchus zeae (root lesion nematode) | In soil. |
Yes
| | |
Prays citri (citrus flower moth) | |
Yes
| | |
Prosopis ruscifolia | |
Yes
| | |
Prostephanus truncatus (larger grain borer) | Carried by national and international grain trade |
Yes
| | |
Pseudococcus viburni (obscure mealybug) | Harvest time, crawlers, on hired or shared farm vehicles | |
Yes
| |
Pseudoidium neolycopersici (tomato powdery mildew) | |
Yes
| | |
Psittacus erithacus (African grey parrot) | | |
Yes
| CITES (2005) |
Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern) | Spores can be transported via clothing and equipment | |
Yes
| UF/IFAS Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants (2019) |
Puccinia asparagi (asparagus rust) | |
Yes
| | |
Pueraria phaseoloides (tropical kudzu) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Cook et al. (2005) |
Punctodera chalcoensis | In soil. |
Yes
| | |
Radopholus citri | With soil from citrus orchards. |
Yes
| | |
Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode) | With soil |
Yes
| | |
Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato) | |
Yes
| | |
Rastrococcus invadens (fruit tree mealybug) | Theoretically possible from lorries and trucks brushing against plants. Probably very minor. |
Yes
| | |
Rattus rattus (black rat) | | |
Yes
| |
Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus (red ring nematode) | In soil and plant tissue. |
Yes
| | |
Rhagoletis cerasi (European cherry fruit fly) | Aeroplanes and boats, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Rhagoletis cingulata (cherry fruit fly) | Lorries, aeroplanes and perhaps ships, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Rhagoletis completa (walnut husk fly) | Lorries, aeroplanes and perhaps ships, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Rhagoletis fausta (black cherry fruit fly) | Lorries, aeroplanes and perhaps ships, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Rhagoletis indifferens (western cherry fruit fly) | Lorries, aeroplanes and perhaps ships, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Rhagoletis mendax (blueberry fruit fly) | Lorries, aeroplanes and perhaps ships, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Rhagoletis pomonella (apple maggot) | Aeroplanes and boats, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Rhagoletis ribicola (American currant fruit fly) | Lorries, aeroplanes and perhaps ships, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Rhaponticum repens (Russian knapweed) | Farm vehicles; road maintenance machinery |
Yes
| | |
Rhinella marina (cane toad) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Rivina humilis (bloodberry) | | |
Yes
| |
Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Missouri Botanical Garden Plant Finder (2014); Randall (2012) |
Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass) | Rail trucks from Mexico to USA |
Yes
| | Lehtonen (2003) |
Rotylenchulus parvus (reniform nematode) | With soil. |
Yes
| | |
Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode) | In soil. |
Yes
| | |
Rubus fruticosus (blackberry) | Unintentional transport of seeds |
Yes
| | |
Rudbeckia laciniata (cutleaf coneflower) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Akasaka et al. (2015) |
Salvinia auriculata (giant salvinia) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| ISSG (2009) |
Scapanes australis (rhinoceros beetle) | |
Yes
| | |
Schismus arabicus (Arabian schismus) | Off-road vehicles causing soil disturbances promotes spread | |
Yes
| Guertin (2003) |
Scirtothrips perseae (avocado thrips) | Road, rail, sea and air |
Yes
| | |
Sciurus aberti (Abert's squirrel) | Frequent occurrence with adult animals in 1990s; <100 individuals moved to a location |
Yes
|
Yes
| Davis and Brown (1988) |
Sclerospora graminicola (downy mildew of pearl millet) | Oospores with soil |
Yes
| | |
Scolytus morawitzi (scolytid of Morawitz) | |
Yes
| | |
Scolytus multistriatus (smaller European elm bark beetle) | |
Yes
| | |
Scutellonema brachyurus | With soil. |
Yes
| | |
Scutellonema bradys (yam nematode) | With soil. |
Yes
| | |
Scutellonema clathricaudatum | In soil. |
Yes
| | |
Senecio inaequidens (South African ragwort) | Road and rail vehicles | |
Yes
| |
Senecio jacobaea (common ragwort) | Farm vehicles, etc. |
Yes
| | |
Senecio madagascariensis (fireweed) | Farm vehicle, etc |
Yes
| | |
Senecio vulgaris | |
Yes
| | |
Senna aculeata (senna) | Seeds as contaminants |
Yes
|
Yes
| Queensland Government (2020) |
Senna hirsuta (hairy senna) | On tyres | |
Yes
| |
Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod) | Motor vehicles |
Yes
| | |
Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) | Tractors and farm vehicles | |
Yes
| Parsons and Cuthbertson (1992) |
Senna surattensis (golden senna) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Hanelt et al. (2001); Little and Skolmen (1989); Sosef and Maesen (1997) |
Septoria cannabis (yellow leaf spot) | |
Yes
| | |
Sesbania punicea (red sesbania) | |
Yes
| | |
Sesbania sericea (silky sesban) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Francis (2000) |
Sida acuta (sida) | | |
Yes
| Lonsdale and Lane (1994) |
Sisymbrium irio | | |
Yes
| |
Solanum elaeagnifolium (silverleaf nightshade) | Vehicles, earth moving equipment and agricultural implements. |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Solanum sisymbriifolium (sticky nightshade) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| ISSG (2020) |
Solanum viarum (tropical soda apple) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Medal et al. (2012) |
Solenopsis invicta (red imported fire ant) | All types |
Yes
| | |
Solenopsis richteri (black imported fire ant) | Newly mated queens attracted to shiny surfaces | |
Yes
| Taber (2000) |
Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) | Seeds as contaminant |
Yes
|
Yes
| Holm et al. (1977) |
Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) | | |
Yes
| |
Spermacoce verticillata (shrubby false buttonwood) | | |
Yes
| |
Sphagneticola trilobata (wedelia) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Spodoptera litura (taro caterpillar) | eggs, larvae, pupae, moths |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Sporobolus africanus (rat’s tail grass) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Sporobolus pyramidalis (giant rat’s tail grass) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Squalius cephalus (European chub) | |
Yes
| | |
Stachytarpheta cayennensis (blue snakeweed) | |
Yes
| | Smith (2002) |
Striga asiatica (witch weed) | | |
Yes
| |
Taeniatherum caput-medusae (medusahead wildrye) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Nafus and Davies (2014) |
Tetropium gracilicorne (fine-horned spruce borer) | |
Yes
| | |
Thaumastocoris peregrinus (bronze bug) | Adults and nymphs | |
Yes
| Nadel et al. (2010) |
Theba pisana (white garden snail) | |
Yes
| | Cowie (1987); Cowie and Robinson (2003); Godan (1983) |
Themeda arguens (Christmas grass) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Motta (1953) |
Themeda quadrivalvis (grader grass) | Contaminant |
Yes
|
Yes
| Keir and Vogler (2006) |
Thunbergia alata (black eyed Susan) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (2011) |
Tibouchina herbacea (cane tibouchina) | Frequent along roadsides. Possibly more frequent at helicopter landing sites. |
Yes
|
Yes
| Almasi (2000) |
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (Tomato brown rugose fruit virus) | Vehicles used in infected fields can transmit the virus into subsequent fields | |
Yes
| |
Tomato mottle virus | |
Yes
| | |
Toxotrypana curvicauda (papaya fruit fly) | Lorries, aeroplanes and perhaps ships, with fruit cargo. |
Yes
| | |
Tradescantia fluminensis (wandering Jew) | |
Yes
| | |
Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine) | Farm machinery, bicycles, road vehicles |
Yes
| | |
Tripsacum dactyloides (eastern gamagrass) | Seeda | |
Yes
| Cook et al. (2005) |
Trophotylenchulus piperis | In soil. |
Yes
| | |
Tylenchorhynchus annulatus (stunt nematode) | With soil. |
Yes
| | |
Tylenchorhynchus claytoni (stunt nematode) | |
Yes
| | |
Tylenchulus semipenetrans (citrus root nematode) | In soil. |
Yes
| | |
Ulex europaeus (gorse) | Farm machinery |
Yes
| | Hoshovsky (1986) |
Urochloa decumbens (signal grass) | Seeds – contaminants |
Yes
|
Yes
| Cook et al. (2005) |
Urochloa distachya (signal grass) | Species is common on roadsides and trails, adheres to vehicles |
Yes
|
Yes
| New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries (2015) |
Urochloa mutica (para grass) | Seeds, stem fragments |
Yes
|
Yes
| Cook et al. (2005) |
Ventenata dubia (North Africa grass) | When seeds are present |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Verbesina encelioides (golden crownbeard) | Unintentional transport of seeds on military bulldozer within and between Hawaiian Islands. |
Yes
|
Yes
| Woodward (1972) |
Vespa velutina (Asian hornet) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Vincetoxicum nigrum (black swallowwort) | Railroads, highways |
Yes
| | |
Vincetoxicum rossicum (European swallowwort) | Utility rights-of-way, railroad, highway |
Yes
| | |
Xanthium spinosum (bathurst burr) | | |
Yes
| PIER (2013) |
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vasculorum (sugarcane gumming disease) | Harvesters |
Yes
| | |
Xanthomonas citri (citrus canker) | Water splashed from machinery in orchard. |
Yes
| | |
Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria (bacterial spot of tomato and pepper) | | |
Yes
| |
Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans (bacterial spot of tomato) | | |
Yes
| |
Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis (bacterial leaf streak of grasses) | | |
Yes
| |
Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum (bacterial leaf streak of corn) | | |
Yes
| Sivitis (2017) |
Xanthomonas vesicatoria (bacterial spot of tomato and pepper) | | |
Yes
| |
Xiphinema americanum (dagger nematode) | In wet soil. |
Yes
| | |
Xiphinema diversicaudatum (dagger nematode) | In soil. |
Yes
| | |
Xiphinema index (fan-leaf virus nematode) | With soil in grape vines. |
Yes
| | |
Xiphinema rivesi (dagger nematode) | |
Yes
| | |
Xylella fastidiosa (Pierce's disease of grapevines) | Bacteria in living vector insects |
Yes
| | |
Xylotrechus altaicus (Altay longhorn beetle) | |
Yes
| | |
Zabrotes subfasciatus (Mexican bean weevil) | Transported in national and international grain trade |
Yes
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