| Acanthogobius flavimanus | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Nico and Fuller (2008) |
| Acanthophora spicifera | Attached plants that could colonise by either spore release or vegetative fragmentation |
Yes
|
Yes
| Doty (1961) |
| Alitta succinea (pile worm) | |
Yes
| | |
| Amphibalanus improvisus (bay barnacle) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Carlton et al. (2011) |
| Arcuatula senhousia (Asian date mussel) | adults |
Yes
|
Yes
| NIMPIS (2002) |
| Ascidiella aspersa (European sea squirt) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Asterias amurensis (northern Pacific seastar) | |
Yes
| | |
| Austrominius modestus | Perhaps from New Zealand to Australia before 1836, and to Europe |
Yes
|
Yes
| Crisp (1958); Foster (1982) |
| Botrylloides perspicuus | Adult colonies or colony fragments |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Botrylloides violaceus (violet tunicate) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Lambert (2007); Pederson et al. (2005) |
| Brachidontes pharaonis | |
Yes
|
Yes
| CIESM (2009) |
| Bugula neritina (brown bryozoan) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Caprella mutica | C. mutica observed on commercial (fishing boats) and recreational boat hulls |
Yes
|
Yes
| Cook et al. (2007a) |
| Carcinus maenas (European shore crab) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Carijoa riisei (branched pipe coral) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea | anchors |
Yes
|
Yes
| Verlaque et al. (2003) |
| Cercopagis pengoi (fishhook waterflea) | adult or resting egg | |
Yes
| Crosier and Molloy (2007) |
| Chama macerophylla (leafy jewelbox) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Chthamalus proteus | Frequency unknown; adults observed on boat hulls in native and invaded range |
Yes
|
Yes
| Zabin (2005) |
| Ciona intestinalis (sea vase) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Ciona savignyi | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Codium fragile subsp. tomentosoides | Erect plants and green bump form |
Yes
|
Yes
| Carlton and Scanlon (1985) |
| Codium parvulum | | |
Yes
| Hoffman et al. (2014) |
| Coptotermes gestroi (Asian subterranean termite) | Alates |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Corbicula fluminea (Asian clam) | Transport of pediveliger larvae and juveniles | |
Yes
| Karatayev et al. (2007) |
| Cordylophora (euryhaline hydroid) | Assumed adult colonies |
Yes
|
Yes
| bij et al. (2002); Carlton (1979); Pienimäki and Leppäkoski (2004); Streftaris et al. (2005) |
| Corella eumyota (orange-tipped sea squirt) | Adults |
Yes
|
Yes
| Wasson et al. (2001); Lambert (2004); Minchin (2007); El-Nagar et al. (2010) |
| Crassostrea virginica (eastern oyster) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Crepidula fornicata (American slipper limpet) | For Italy or Greece (see history chapter), and for the arrival in Normandy in 1944 |
Yes
| | Blanchard (1995) |
| Didemnum vexillum (carpet sea squirt) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Lambert (2007); Pederson et al. (2005) |
| Diplosoma listerianum | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Lambert (2007); Pederson et al. (2005) |
| Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (quagga mussel) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Orlova et al. (2005) |
| Elodea canadensis (Canadian pondweed) | | |
Yes
| |
| Eriocheir sinensis (Chinese mitten crab) | |
Yes
| | Gollasch (2006) |
| Eualetes tulipa | Most probable vector for adults. No reports in the literature |
Yes
| | |
| Ficopomatus enigmaticus (tubeworm) | Transported as adult |
Yes
|
Yes
| Hewitt et al. (2009) |
| Gammarus tigrinus | Possible | |
Yes
| Sylvester and MacIsaac (2010) |
| Gracilaria salicornia | Attached plants |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Grateloupia turuturu | Growing on boat hulls |
Yes
| | Farnham (1978); Farnham (1980); Simon et al. (2001) |
| Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Asian shore crab) | Adult |
Yes
| | |
| Hemigrapsus takanoi (brush-clawed shore crab) | Larval/adult |
Yes
| | Gollasch (1999) |
| Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla) | | |
Yes
| |
| Hypnea musciformis | Drift plants entangled around hull appendages | |
Yes
| |
| Limnomysis benedeni | Mysids attached to the outside hull of ships |
Yes
|
Yes
| Behning (1938); Reinhold and Tittizer (1997); Reinhold and Tittizer (1998); Wittmann (1995) |
| Limnoperna fortunei (golden mussel) | Fixed juveniles and adults | |
Yes
| Darrigran (2002) |
| Limnoria lignorum (gribble) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Iljin (1992); Shino (1950); Vinogradov et al. (2006) |
| Limnoria quadripunctata (gribble) | Colonies in hulls of wooden boats is seen as a likely means of dispersal |
Yes
|
Yes
| Carlton (1975) |
| Magallana gigas (Pacific oyster) | |
Yes
| | Minchin and Gollasch (2008) |
| Marisa cornuarietis (giant ramshorn) | Eggs and/or snails attached to hull in vessels operating in reshwater systems | |
Yes
| |
| Miconia calvescens (miconia) | Introduced in Nuku Hiva and Fatu Hiva (Marquesas, French Polynesia) by contaminated vehicles |
Yes
| | |
| Microcosmus squamiger | Assumed to be the main factor responsible for adult transport |
Yes
| | Rius et al. (2008b) |
| Mycale grandis (orange keyhole sponge) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Myriophyllum heterophyllum (broadleaf watermilfoil) | | |
Yes
| |
| Myriophyllum spicatum (spiked watermilfoil) | | |
Yes
| |
| Mytilicola intestinalis (mussel red worm) | In infected bivalve hosts attached to ship/boat hull. |
Yes
|
Yes
| Rohde (1993); Wickstead (1960) |
| Mytilopsis sallei (Caribbean false mussel) | | |
Yes
| Willan et al. (2000) |
| Mytilus galloprovincialis (Mediterranean mussel) | |
Yes
| | |
| Neogobius fluviatilis (monkey goby) | Possibly as eggs |
Yes
|
Yes
| Ahnelt et al. (1998) |
| Neogobius melanostomus (round goby) | Possibly as eggs |
Yes
|
Yes
| Corkum et al. (2004); Jude (1997); Jude et al. (1992) |
| Palaemon macrodactylus (oriental shrimp) | Most likely as adults | |
Yes
| Ashelby et al. (2004); Béguer et al. (2007); Cuesta et al. (2004); González-Ortegón et al. (2007); Micu and Nita (2009); Newman (1963); Spivak et al. (2006); Udekem et al. (2005) |
| Percnon gibbesi (sally lightfoot crab) | adult |
Yes
|
Yes
| Cannicci et al. (2006) |
| Perna viridis (Asian green mussel) | |
Yes
| | |
| Petricolaria pholadiformis (false angel wing) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Zenetos et al. (2004) |
| Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey) | Adults |
Yes
| | Fuller et al. (2008) |
| Phyllorhiza punctata (Australian spotted jellyfish) | |
Yes
| | |
| Pinctada imbricata radiata (rayed pearl oyster) | |
Yes
| | |
| Polyandrocarpa zorritensis | |
Yes
| | Brunetti and Mastrototaro (2004) |
| Polysiphonia brodiei | this has been speculated as the means of introduction by |
Yes
|
Yes
| Adams (1983); Womersley (1979) |
| Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Pomacea maculata | Eggs, hatchlings |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Pontogammarus robustoides | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Arbaciauskas et al. (2011a); Kurashov and Barbashova (2008); Panov et al. (2009) |
| Rattus rattus (black rat) | |
Yes
| | |
| Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Harris mud crab) | |
Yes
| | Cohen and Carlton (1995) |
| Sargassum muticum (wire weed) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Schizoporella errata (branching bryozoan) | |
Yes
| | |
| Schizoporella japonica (orange ripple bryozoan) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Ryland et al. (2014) |
| Styela clava (Asian tunicate) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Styela plicata (pleated sea squirt) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Teredo navalis (naval shipworm) | Adults inside wood that release larvae |
Yes
|
Yes
| Didžiulis (2011) |
| Tricellaria inopinata | | |
Yes
| Dyrynda et al. (2000) |
| Tridentiger trigonocephalus (chameleon goby) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Lockett and Gomon (2001); NIMPIS (2014) |
| Tubastraea coccinea (orange-cup coral) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Ulva pertusa | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Aguilar-Rosas et al. (2008) |
| Ulva reticulata (ribbon sea lettuce) | Attached germlings, spores, zygotes |
Yes
|
Yes
| Piola and Conwell (2010) |
| Undaria pinnatifida (Asian kelp) | Microscopic gametophytes | |
Yes
| Forrest et al. (2000); Voisin et al. (2005) |
