| Adoretus sinicus (Chinese rose beetle) | Adults |
Yes
| | Stanaway et al. (2001) |
| Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Anoplolepis gracilipes (yellow crazy ant) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Aromia bungii (red necked longicorn) | accidental | |
Yes
| Reid and Cannon (2010); Smith (2009) |
| Bactrocera zonata (peach fruit fly) | Fruits infested with larvae, pupae and/or eggs |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Bipolaris victoriae (Victoria blight of oats) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Bunias orientalis (Turkish warty-cabbage) | |
Yes
| | |
| Candidula intersecta (wrinkled dune snail) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Meissner et al. (2009) |
| Ceratitis cosyra (mango fruit fly) | |
Yes
| | |
| Citrus leprosis virus C (leprosis of citrus) | |
Yes
| | |
| Clavibacter michiganensis (bacterial canker of tomato) | | |
Yes
| |
| Codium fragile subsp. tomentosoides | Erect plants |
Yes
|
Yes
| Carlton and Scanlon (1985) |
| Crepidula fornicata (American slipper limpet) | During the 1970s from USA or Japan to Europe |
Yes
| | |
| Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus | Potential for movement through contaminated packing materials | |
Yes
| |
| Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) | Adult and larvae |
Yes
|
Yes
| Joyce (1961) |
| Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Erwinia amylovora (fireblight) | E. amylovora seems to be able to survive on some plastics but not on rigid high density polyethylene |
Yes
|
Yes
| Ceroni et al. (2004); Keck et al. (1996) |
| Eucheuma spp. | Live vegetative stage |
Yes
| | |
| Globodera rostochiensis (yellow potato cyst nematode) | Cysts | |
Yes
| Inagarki (2004) |
| Halyomorpha halys (brown marmorated stink bug) | Frequently can occur accidentally due to H. halys seeking sheltered overwintering sites. |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Harmonia axyridis (harlequin ladybird) | Found in UK packing cases from Canada |
Yes
| | Majerus et al. (2006) |
| Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer) | Adults |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Leptocybe invasa (blue gum chalcid) | The small dimension of the pest could help its spread as a hitchhiker, especially in refrigerated containers |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Limax maximus (leopard slug) | Not uncommon |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Lycorma delicatula (spotted lanternfly) | Containers and packaging can harbour egg masses |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Microstegium vimineum (Nepalese browntop) | Possible vector into US |
Yes
| | Fairbrothers and Gray (1972) |
| Mikania micrantha (bitter vine) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Mononychellus tanajoa (cassava green mite) | Eggs, crawlers/adults. Rare pathway |
Yes
| | |
| Parthenium hysterophorus (parthenium weed) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| PAG (2000) |
| Pennisetum polystachion (mission grass) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Plantago asiatica mosaic virus | PlAMV has been detected in milled sphagnum used to package lily bulbs imported from the Netherlands; if this packaging is mixed into plant growth medium without sterilization, transmission to susceptible hosts could occur |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Polypogon monspeliensis (annual beard grass) | |
Yes
| | |
| Rhagoletis cingulata (cherry fruit fly) | Larvae might be overlooked when infestation level is low |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Setaria verticillata (bristly foxtail) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Sicyos angulatus (burcucumber) | Seed |
Yes
| | Kurokawa et al. (2009) |
| Solidago nemoralis (grey goldenrod) | Hypothetical |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass) | Potentially introduced to Washington state as discarded packaging material for shipments of oysters. |
Yes
|
Yes
| Cohen and Carlton (1995) |
| Spermacoce verticillata (shrubby false buttonwood) | | |
Yes
| |
| Spodoptera litura (taro caterpillar) | |
Yes
| | |
| Striga asiatica (witch weed) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant) | Observed associated with metal containers and exports into New Zealand |
Yes
|
Yes
| Harris et al. (2005) |
| Theba pisana (white garden snail) | |
Yes
| | Robinson (1999) |
| Thecaphora frezii (peanut smut) | Spores can contaminate peanut products destined for exportation (edible grain, blanched and crushed peanut) |
Yes
| | Cazón et al. (2016a) |
| Uraba lugens (eucalypt leaf skeletonizer) | |
Yes
| | |
| Vespa velutina (Asian hornet) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Vespula germanica (German wasp) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
