| Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) | | |
Yes
| Sankaran (2002) |
| Aeginetia indica (forest ghost flower) | Not mentioned in references but foraging for medicinal purposes could be a possible cause of dispersal | |
Yes
| |
| Alocasia cucullata (Chinese taro) | Corms consumed by humans | |
Yes
| Useful Tropical Plants (2019) |
| Alocasia macrorrhizos (giant taro) | | |
Yes
| Manner (2011) |
| Alternanthera bettzickiana (calico plant) | Used as a vegetable. | |
Yes
| Useful Tropical Plants (2016) |
| Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer amaranth) | Leaves used as a vegetable and meal made from ground seed |
Yes
|
Yes
| Ward et al. (2013) |
| Anredera vesicaria (Texas madeira vine) | Tubers foraged for medicinal purposes. | |
Yes
| Missouri Botanical Garden (2019) |
| Aphanomyces astaci | | |
Yes
| Oidtmann et al. (2005) |
| Asclepias curassavica (bloodflower) | People sharing | |
Yes
| |
| Avena barbata (slender oat) | This is a wild oat species and has edible seed which could be spread while foraging | |
Yes
| |
| Bactrocera zonata (peach fruit fly) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo) | Young shoots are edible |
Yes
|
Yes
| Dransfield and Widjaja (1995) |
| Basella alba (malabar spinach) | In some African countries people forage the leaves of plants growing near houses |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2017) |
| Begonia nelumbiifolia (lilypad begonia) | Reported as an edible plant in its native range in Mexico | |
Yes
| Alonso-Castro et al. (2012) |
| Bergia capensis (white water fire) | Possible as the seeds are used for traditional medicine and for ritual purposes | |
Yes
| India Biodiversity Portal (2019); Oas et al. (2015) |
| Brachypodium sylvaticum (slender false brome) | Not documented but possible | |
Yes
| |
| Butia capitata (coquinho-azedo) | Fruits and leaves foraged from natural populations by local communities | |
Yes
| De Lima et al. (2011) |
| Callosciurus finlaysonii (Finlayson's squirrel) | | |
Yes
| Timmins and Duckworth (2008) |
| Canavalia gladiata (sword bean) | Seeds consumed by humans |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2019) |
| Ceratopteris thalictroides (watersprite) | Used locally in Asia and Madagascar as a vegetable | |
Yes
| PROTA (2020) |
| Channa marulius (bullseye snakehead) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Courtenay and Williams (2004); Froese and Pauly (2009) |
| Cissus quadrangularis (treebine) | In Asia, consumed as a vegetable |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROSEA (2018) |
| Clidemia hirta (Koster's curse) | Mud on footware | |
Yes
| Peters (2001) |
| Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm) | Very low risk |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Cocos nucifera (coconut) | Coconut kernel, coconut cream, coconut water, heart of the palm |
Yes
|
Yes
| Chan and Elevitch (2006) |
| Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears) | Grains are eaten by humans and used as beads |
Yes
|
Yes
| van den Bergh and Iamsupasit (1996); USDA-ARS (2017) |
| Colocasia esculenta (taro) | Corms, stems and leaves are edible and planted for human consumption |
Yes
|
Yes
| Safo-Kantaka (2004) |
| Cordia obliqua (clammy cherry) | Fruits are consumed by humans |
Yes
|
Yes
| Parmar and Kaushal (1982) |
| Cornu aspersum (common garden snail) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Corynocarpus laevigatus (karaka) | Around New Zealand and to Chatham Islands |
Yes
|
Yes
| Costall et al. (2006); Dieffenbach (1840) |
| Crassocephalum crepidioides (redflower ragleaf) | Consumed as a vegetable |
Yes
|
Yes
| Denton (2004) |
| Crassostrea virginica (eastern oyster) | | |
Yes
| |
| Crotalaria retusa (rattleweed) | Seeds collected |
Yes
|
Yes
| Prota4U (2013) |
| Cucumis anguria (West Indian gherkin) | For its fruits |
Yes
|
Yes
| Wilkins-Ellert (2004) |
| Cyclosorus parasiticus (parasitic maiden fern) | Presumed cause. Medicinal plant |
Yes
|
Yes
| Srivastava (2009) |
| Dendrocalamus strictus (male bamboo) | Young shoots are edible and used as food | |
Yes
| Guadua-Bamboo (2015) |
| Desmodium incanum (creeping beggerweed) | Sticky seeds provide the means to spread on clothes and equipment |
Yes
|
Yes
| Mori and Brown (1998) |
| Dioscorea alata (white yam) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Diplazium esculentum (vegetable fern) | It is usually foraged from the wild for food | |
Yes
| Badola (2010); HEAR (2020) |
| Dysphania ambrosioides (Mexican tea) | Leaves and seeds are consumed by humans |
Yes
|
Yes
| Prota4U (2013) |
| Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) | Grains eaten by humans in times of scarcity |
Yes
|
Yes
| FAO (2014) |
| Elaeagnus umbellata (autumn olive) | Fruits used to make jelly | |
Yes
| Christenhusz (2009) |
| Emilia coccinea (scarlet tasselflower) | Leaves consumed as a vegetable | |
Yes
| PROTA (2018) |
| Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower) | Leaves eaten as a vegetable |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-ARS (2018) |
| Erechtites hieraciifolius (American burnweed) | Young leaves are eaten as a vegetable |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016) |
| Garcinia dulcis (yellow mangosteen) | Fruits sold in markets for human consumption |
Yes
|
Yes
| Jansen (1991) |
| Inga acreana (ice-cream bean tree) | Harvested from the wild for its fruits |
Yes
|
Yes
| Van den Eynden et al. (1999) |
| Inga mucuna (ice-cream bean tree) | Harvested from the wild for its fruits |
Yes
|
Yes
| Useful Tropical Plants (2020) |
| Juncus ensifolius (swordleaf rush) | Bulbs eaten as food by Swinomish peoples of Washington State | |
Yes
| Gunther (1973) |
| Lactuca floridana (woodland lettuce) | | |
Yes
| |
| Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) | Young fruits, young shoots and flowers are consumed by humans |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2018) |
| Launaea intybacea (bitter lettuce) | Leaves consumed as a vegetable |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2018) |
| Leonurus sibiricus (Siberian motherwort) | Vegetable and famine food source | |
Yes
| Baranov (1967) |
| Lepidium virginicum (Virginian peppercress) | Gathered from the wild by various indigenous cultures for food and medicinal purposes. | |
Yes
| Useful Tropical Plants (2016) |
| Lupinus angustifolius (narrow-leaf lupin) | Human food (pulse) |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-ARS (2017) |
| Lygodium flexuosum (maidenhair creeper) | It is foraged for medicinal purposes | |
Yes
| USDA-APHIS-PPQ (2009) |
| Manilkara zapota (sapodilla) | Fruits eaten by humans |
Yes
|
Yes
| Orwa et al. (2009) |
| Maranta arundinacea (arrowroot) | Arrowroot – starch |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-ARS (2018) |
| Monochoria hastata (hastate-leaved pondweed) | It is foraged locally for food | |
Yes
| Useful Tropical Plants (2019) |
| Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry) | Fruits/ Leaves consumed as vegetable |
Yes
|
Yes
| Nelson (2006) |
| Nephrolepis hirsutula (sword fern) | For leis, decorations and mulch | |
Yes
| Whistler (1988) |
| Nopalea cochenillifera (cochineal cactus) | Used as a vegetable |
Yes
|
Yes
| Encyclopedia of Life (2017) |
| Ocimum gratissimum (African basil) | Leaves eaten as vegetables and also used for tea |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROSEA (2018) |
| Paederia foetida (skunkvine) | Plant parts are harvested from the wild for food and medicine | |
Yes
| Srianta et al. (2012) |
| Pandanus dubius (bakong) | Leaves and roots are used locally in its native range for various purposes, including flooring, mats, umbrellas and roof thatching | |
Yes
| Brink and Escobin (2003) |
| Parkia biglobosa (néré) | | |
Yes
| |
| Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2014) |
| Phyllostachys aurea (golden bamboo) | Shoots are consumed as a vegetable |
Yes
|
Yes
| Chengde and Widjaja (1995) |
| Phyllostachys flexuosa (drooping timber bamboo) | Shoots consumed as a vegetable |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora of China Editorial Committee (2017) |
| Phyllostachys reticulata (giant timber bamboo) | Shoots consumed as vegetable |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora of China Editorial Committee (2017) |
| Phytophthora lateralis (Port-Orford-cedar root disease) | | |
Yes
| USDA (2003) |
| Plasmodiophora brassicae (club root) | Infested soil can be moved on footwear | |
Yes
| Wallenhammar et al. (2016) |
| Polyscias fruticosa (ming aralia) | Leaves are consumed by humans |
Yes
|
Yes
| Useful Tropical Plants (2020) |
| Potamogeton crispus (curlyleaf pondweed) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| ISSG (2006) |
| Rytidostylis carthagenensis | Fruits used for food in Central America | |
Yes
| Chizmar Fernández (2009) |
| Sambucus canadensis (American black elderberry) | Cultivated for its fruits |
Yes
|
Yes
| Charlebois et al. (2010) |
| Sesbania bispinosa (dunchi fibre) | For famine food, medicinal uses and to use in cooking | |
Yes
| Duke (1983); Orwa et al. (2009); Useful Tropical Plants (2016) |
| Solanum sisymbriifolium (sticky nightshade) | The berry is considered edible and consumed by humans | |
Yes
| PBI Solanum Project (2020) |
| Solanum tuberosum (potato) | Species has a long and wide history of cultivation both locally and commercially |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Sonchus asper (spiny sow-thistle) | Leaves are eaten as a vegetable |
Yes
|
Yes
| Useful Tropical Plants (2014) |
| Sterculia apetala (Panama tree) | Foraged by pigs, other mammals and birds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Rodríguez-Vargas (2007); Timm et al. (2009) |
| Syzygium malaccense (Malay apple) | Species produces edible fruits which are much foraged and sold in local marketplaces |
Yes
|
Yes
| Morton (1987); Panggabean (1991); Whistler and Elevitch (2006) |
| Tamarindus indica (tamarind) | Fruits are consumed by humans |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROSEA (2018) |
| Urochloa reptans (sprawling signalgrass) | Seeds consumed as famine food |
Yes
|
Yes
| Gupta (2013) |
| Urtica dioica (stinging nettle) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| PFAF (2015) |
| Verbena officinalis (vervain) | Foraged from the wild for medicinal uses | |
Yes
| PFAF (2020) |
| Vigna marina (beach bean) | Possible use of roots for food by aboriginals | |
Yes
| ILDIS (2014) |
| Yucca aloifolia (Spanish bayonet) | Edible fruit | |
Yes
| Gilman (2014) |
