| Alburnus alburnus (bleak) | |
Yes
| | Welcomme (1988) |
| Alosa aestivalis (blueback herring) | | |
Yes
| Owens et al. (1998) |
| Alosa pseudoharengus (alewife) | Within the USA and Canada |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Alpinia zerumbet (shell ginger) | Aquatic dispersal is apparently occurring along streams. Invades water courses in S. Africa. |
Yes
|
Yes
| Henderson (2001); Oppenheimer (2008) |
| Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer amaranth) | Moved via water and channels used for irrigation | |
Yes
| Menges (1987); EPPO (2019) |
| Ambrosia confertiflora | | |
Yes
| |
| Ameiurus melas (black bullhead) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Ameiurus nebulosus (brown bullhead) | |
Yes
| | |
| Amphibalanus improvisus (bay barnacle) | On vessels |
Yes
|
Yes
| Carlton et al. (2011) |
| Anguillicoloides crassus | Natural movements of eels |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Aphanomyces astaci | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Oidtmann et al. (2005) |
| Artemisia biennis (biennial wormwood) | Ports and shipping yards | |
Yes
| Jehlík (1984) |
| Aspius aspius (asp) | | |
Yes
| |
| Bactrocera zonata (peach fruit fly) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) | Possible dispersal of pathogen by interconnected waterways |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Bergia capensis (white water fire) | It is reported to occur along stream banks and irrigation channels | |
Yes
| Encyclopedia of Life (2019); New York Botanical Garden (2019) |
| Botrylloides perspicuus | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Botrylloides violaceus (violet tunicate) | | |
Yes
| Pederson et al. (2005) |
| Brachidontes pharaonis | Opening of the Suez Canal |
Yes
|
Yes
| Sarà et al. (2000); Sarà et al. (2006); Zenetos et al. (2005) |
| Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Bunias orientalis (Turkish warty-cabbage) | |
Yes
| | Klinge (1887a); Klinge (1887b); Klinge (1887c) |
| Cabomba caroliniana (Carolina fanwort) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Les and Mehrhoff (1999) |
| Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) | Grows along waterways and in floodplains |
Yes
|
Yes
| Graveson (2012) |
| Ceratopteris thalictroides (watersprite) | Possible movement through water channels | |
Yes
| Carey et al. (2018) |
| Cercopagis pengoi (fishhook waterflea) | Russia, Ukraine |
Yes
| | Glamazda (1971) |
| Channa argus argus (northern snakehead) | | |
Yes
| Courtenay and Williams (2004) |
| Channa marulius (bullseye snakehead) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Courtenay and Williams (2004); Froese and Pauly (2009) |
| Charybdis hellerii | | |
Yes
| Galil and Zenetos (2002) |
| Chelicorophium curvispinum (Caspian mud shrimp) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Jazdzewski and Konopacka (2002); Vaate et al. (2002) |
| Cichlasoma urophthalmum (Mayan cichlid) | Naturally dispersed through interconnected canal systems in south and central Florida | |
Yes
| Schofield et al. (2016) |
| Ciona intestinalis (sea vase) | | |
Yes
| |
| Ciona savignyi | | |
Yes
| |
| Codium parvulum | Dispersed along the Suez Canal | |
Yes
| Israel et al. (2010); ISPRA (2018) |
| Coptotermes gestroi (Asian subterranean termite) | On boats or ship |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Corbicula fluminea (Asian clam) | | |
Yes
| Karatayev et al. (2007); Panov et al. (2007) |
| Crassostrea virginica (eastern oyster) | | |
Yes
| |
| Crassula helmsii (Australian swamp stonecrop) | | |
Yes
| CAPM-CEH (2004) |
| Cuphea carthagenensis (Colombian waxweed) | | |
Yes
| Technigro (2011) |
| Cyprinus carpio (common carp) | | |
Yes
| Jackel (1996) |
| Didemnum vexillum (carpet sea squirt) | | |
Yes
| Pederson et al. (2005) |
| Didymosphenia geminata (didymo) | Potential form of introduction |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Dikerogammarus villosus (killer shrimp) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Jazdzewski and Konopacka (2002); Vaate et al. (2002) |
| Diplazium esculentum (vegetable fern) | Its dispersal by water is possible as it grows near waterways | |
Yes
| HEAR (2020) |
| Diplosoma listerianum | | |
Yes
| Pederson et al. (2005) |
| Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel) | | |
Yes
| |
| Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (quagga mussel) | Facilitating the natural spread via downstream drift of planktonic larvae |
Yes
|
Yes
| Orlova et al. (2005); Son (2007) |
| Drymaria arenarioides (alfombrilla) | Possible, as it is reported to be spreading through watercourses | |
Yes
| Allison (1977) |
| Eichhornia paniculata (Brazilian water hyacinth) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Husband and Barrett (1998) |
| Erigeron karvinskianus (Karwinsky’s fleabane) | | |
Yes
| |
| Eriocheir sinensis (Chinese mitten crab) | Natural dispersal though canal systems |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed) | |
Yes
| | |
| Fallopia sachalinensis (giant knotweed) | During flood events | |
Yes
| |
| Fallopia x bohemica | | |
Yes
| |
| Faxonius limosus (Spiny-cheek crayfish) | Reached a number of European countries in this way |
Yes
| | Holdich et al. (2006) |
| Faxonius rusticus (rusty crayfish) | The species can disperse quite fast | |
Yes
| Hamr (2002); Olden et al. (2006); Gunderson (2008) |
| Ficopomatus enigmaticus (tubeworm) | The opening of the Volga-Don Canal in 1952 allowed the entrance of several exotic species |
Yes
|
Yes
| Zevina and Kuznetsova (1965) |
| Funtumia elastica (West African rubber tree) | It is believed to be dispersed along waterways in Martinique | |
Yes
| Fleriag (2010) |
| Gammarus tigrinus | Spreading via waterways, including canals, in France, Germany and USA |
Yes
|
Yes
| Piscart et al. (2007); Grigorovich et al. (2008); Piscart et al. (2008) |
| Glyceria declinata (small sweet grass) | | |
Yes
| |
| Glyceria maxima (reed sweet-grass) | Moved in flowing water |
Yes
|
Yes
| Parsons and Cuthbertson (1992) |
| Grateloupia turuturu | Solent (UK), Thau Lagoon (France), Cape Cod Canal (USA) |
Yes
| | Cabioch et al. (1997); Clerck et al. (2005); Farnham (1978); Farnham (1980); Marston and Villalard-Bohnsack (2002); Mathieson et al. (2008a); Mathieson et al. (2008b); Simon et al. (2001) |
| Gymnocephalus cernuus (ruffe) | | |
Yes
| |
| Hedychium gardnerianum (kahili ginger) | |
Yes
| | |
| Hemibarbus labeo (barbel steed) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Kottelat (2000) |
| Hemichromis letourneuxi (African jewelfish) | Natural dispersal in Florida through drainage canals/waterways | |
Yes
| Loftus et al. (2006) |
| Hemimysis anomala | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Audzijonyte et al. (2008); Bij et al. (2002); Stubbington et al. (2008); Wittmann (2007); Wittmann and Ariani (2009) |
| Heracleum persicum (Persian hogweed) | | |
Yes
| |
| Hydrocharis morsus-ranae | | |
Yes
| USGS-NAS (2002) |
| Hygrophila polysperma (Indian swampweed) | | |
Yes
| DCR (2003) |
| Hymenachne amplexicaulis (hymenachne) | Spread with water flow through natural and engineered waterways |
Yes
|
Yes
| Australian Weeds Committee (2012) |
| Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush) | |
Yes
| | |
| Kyllinga nemoralis (white kyllinga) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| MPI (2016) |
| Lagarosiphon major (African elodea) | | |
Yes
| ISSG (2006) |
| Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed) | Could be moved in a slow-moving water flow | |
Yes
| |
| Lemna perpusilla (duckweed) | A. Mikulyuk, Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, USA, personal communcation, 2010 | |
Yes
| |
| Lepidium latifolium (perennial pepperweed) | | |
Yes
| |
| Lepomis cyanellus (green sunfish) | Expanded its range to several US states |
Yes
|
Yes
| USGS (2013) |
| Leptochloa fusca (sprangletop) | Seeds dispersed by water | |
Yes
| Osca (2013) |
| Leuciscus leuciscus (common dace) | |
Yes
| | |
| Limnomysis benedeni | Via the Main-Danube Canal and the Mittellandkanal in Germany. |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Limnoperna fortunei (golden mussel) | From China to Hong Kong | |
Yes
| Morton (1975) |
| Littorina littorea (common periwinkle) | | |
Yes
| Reid (1996) |
| Ludwigia grandiflora (water primrose) | | |
Yes
| Okada et al. (2009); Ruaux et al. (2009) |
| Ludwigia peploides (water primrose) | | |
Yes
| Ruaux et al. (2009) |
| Lupinus polyphyllus (garden lupin) | Accidental |
Yes
|
Yes
| Timmins and MacKenzie (1995) |
| Magallana gigas (Pacific oyster) | | |
Yes
| Pollard and Hutchings (1990) |
| Marisa cornuarietis (giant ramshorn) | Associated with flood debris, especially that of dislodged aquatic plants | |
Yes
| |
| Melanoides tuberculata (red-rimmed melania) | | |
Yes
| |
| Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) | |
Yes
| | |
| Mnemiopsis leidyi (sea walnut) | | |
Yes
| Shiganova et al. (2001) |
| Monochoria hastata (hastate-leaved pondweed) | As a possible way for entering Pakistan |
Yes
|
Yes
| Ali et al. (2018) |
| Mononychellus tanajoa (cassava green mite) | Accidental introduction, rare pathway | |
Yes
| |
| Morone americana (white perch) | Into the Great Lakes |
Yes
|
Yes
| Fuller et al. (2008) |
| Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrot's feather) | | |
Yes
| |
| Myriophyllum spicatum (spiked watermilfoil) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Myxobolus cerebralis (whirling disease agent) | Natural fish migration | |
Yes
| Bartholomew and Reno (2002) |
| Neogobius fluviatilis (monkey goby) | Migration upstream in rivers is facilitated by man-made alteration of the river |
Yes
| | Ahnelt et al. (1998); Grabowska et al. (2008); Pinchuk et al. (2003); Semenchenko et al. (2011) |
| Neogobius melanostomus (round goby) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Pinchuk et al. (2003) |
| Nerium oleander (oleander) | Seeds dispersed through water after heavy rainfalls | |
Yes
| Herrera (1991) |
| Nymphaea lotus (white Egyptian lotus) | | |
Yes
| |
| Nymphoides peltata (yellow floating-heart) | | |
Yes
| ISSG (2006) |
| Parmentiera aculeata (cucumber tree) | Seeds can be dispersed by water |
Yes
|
Yes
| Queensland Government (2018) |
| Paspalum urvillei (Vasey grass) | Possibly as it is reported as water dispersed | |
Yes
| Hitchcock (1936); FAO (2012b) |
| Pelophylax cf. bedriagae | Immigration from Switzerland and France to Germany |
Yes
| | Ohst (2008) |
| Pennisetum setaceum (fountain grass) | Seed dispersal |
Yes
| | Florabase (2012) |
| Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey) | Adults. Believed to have migrated through Erie Canal, Welland, and St Lawrence canal systems |
Yes
| | Fuller et al. (2008) |
| Phoxinus phoxinus (European minnow) | | |
Yes
| |
| Phragmites australis (common reed) | | |
Yes
| |
| Phytophthora alni species complex (alder Phytophthora) | Spreads rapidly downstream in invaded watercourses | |
Yes
| Gibbs et al. (1999); Jung and Blaschke (2004) |
| Phytophthora kernoviae | Movement of diseased abscised plant materials in local waterways | |
Yes
| Benson et al. (2010) |
| Plectranthus scutellarioides (coleus) | Grows by streams; water dispersal is likely | |
Yes
| Flora of China Editorial Committee (2014) |
| Polistes dominula (European paper wasp) | | |
Yes
| Royal BC Museum (2011) |
| Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail) | Can be transported passively downstream and can crawl upstream to a limited extent | |
Yes
| |
| Pomacea maculata | As the snails are aquatic they can easily move between water bodies |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Pontogammarus robustoides | Distrbution through Europe via system of interconnected channels |
Yes
|
Yes
| Panov et al. (2009) |
| Portunus segnis | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Galil (2011) |
| Potamocorbula amurensis (Amur River clam) | Spread throughout San Francisco Estuary | |
Yes
| Carlton et al. (1990) |
| Potamogeton crispus (curlyleaf pondweed) | | |
Yes
| ISSG (2006) |
| Pseudorasbora parva (topmouth gudgeon) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Copp et al. (2005a) |
| Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern) | Spores reported as possibly transported via water | |
Yes
| UF-IFAS Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants (2019) |
| Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato) | |
Yes
| | |
| Rapana venosa (veined rapana whelk) | | |
Yes
| ICES (2004) |
| Rhamphicarpa fistulosa | Uncontrolled flooding of contaminated fields can cause seed dispersal into streams and rivers |
Yes
| | |
| Rhopilema nomadica (nomad jellyfish) | Known from the Red Sea and east coast of Africa |
Yes
|
Yes
| Galil et al. (1990) |
| Rutilus rutilus (roach) | Accidental, probably in water diverted during a flood event, or dredging the outflow of lakes. | |
Yes
| Stokes et al. (2006); Volta and Jepsen (2008) |
| Salvinia auriculata (giant salvinia) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| ISSG (2009) |
| Salvinia biloba (giant salvinia) | Although there is no information available, it is highly possible that flooding events could disperse the species into interconnected waterways | |
Yes
| |
| Salvinia minima | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Salvinia molesta (kariba weed) | | |
Yes
| McFarland et al. (2004) |
| Sander lucioperca (pike-perch) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Sida acuta (sida) | | |
Yes
| Pettit and Froend (2001) |
| Siganus luridus (dusky spinefoot) | From Red Sea to Mediterranean through Suez Canal |
Yes
|
Yes
| Ben-Tuvia (1964) |
| Siganus rivulatus (marbled spinefoot) | From Red Sea to Mediterranean through Suez Canal |
Yes
|
Yes
| Por (1978) |
| Silurus asotus (Amur catfish) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Manchin and Dgebuadze (2010) |
| Silybum marianum (variegated thistle) | | |
Yes
| |
| Spirodela polyrrhiza (giant duckweed) | Dispersed with high waters into interconnected waterways | |
Yes
| Les (2020); PIER (2020) |
| Squalius cephalus (European chub) | |
Yes
| | |
| Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass) | | |
Yes
| |
| Trapa natans (waterchestnut) | | |
Yes
| |
| Typha domingensis (southern cattail) | Achenes and rhizomes disperse with water currents. | |
Yes
| Grace and Harrison (1986); Parsons and Cuthbertson (1992) |
| Typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail) | | |
Yes
| Hansen and Clevenger (2005) |
| Typha x glauca (hybrid cattail) | Masses of fruits and hairs or rhizome fragments disperse with water currents | |
Yes
| Grace and Harrison (1986); Parsons and Cuthbertson (1992) |
| Umbra pygmaea (eastern mudminnow) | Dispersal between southern Netherlands and northern Belgium |
Yes
| | Verreycken et al. (2010) |
| Urochloa distachya (signal grass) | Species is tolerant of waterlogged soils |
Yes
|
Yes
| Kissmann (1997) |
| Varanus niloticus (Nile monitor) | Dispersed naturally | |
Yes
| Enge et al. (2004) |
