| Alburnus alburnus (bleak) | |
Yes
| | Welcomme,
1988 |
| Alosa aestivalis (blueback herring) | | |
Yes
| Owens et al.,
1998 |
| Alosa pseudoharengus (alewife) | Within the USA and Canada |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Alpinia zerumbet (shell ginger) | Aquatic dispersal is apparently occurring along streams. Invades water courses in S. Africa. |
Yes
|
Yes
| Henderson,
2001; Oppenheimer,
2008 |
| Ameiurus melas (black bullhead) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Ameiurus nebulosus (brown bullhead) | |
Yes
| | |
| Amphibalanus improvisus (bay barnacle) | On vessels |
Yes
|
Yes
| Carlton et al.,
2011 |
| Anguillicoloides crassus | Natural movements of eels |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Aphanomyces astaci | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Oidtmann et al.,
2005 |
| Artemisia biennis (biennial wormwood) | Ports and shipping yards | |
Yes
| Jehlík,
1984 |
| Aspius aspius (asp) | | |
Yes
| |
| Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) | Possible dispersal of pathogen by interconnected waterways |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Botrylloides perspicuus | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Botrylloides violaceus (violet tunicate) | | |
Yes
| Pederson et al.,
2005 |
| Brachidontes pharaonis | Opening of the Suez Canal |
Yes
|
Yes
| Sarà et al.,
2000; Sarà et al.,
2006; Zenetos et al.,
2005 |
| Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Bunias orientalis (Turkish warty-cabbage) | |
Yes
| | Klinge,
1887a; Klinge,
1887b; Klinge,
1887c |
| Cabomba caroliniana (Carolina fanwort) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Les and Mehrhoff,
1999 |
| Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) | Grows along waterways and in floodplains |
Yes
|
Yes
| Graveson,
2012 |
| Cercopagis pengoi (fishhook waterflea) | Russia, Ukraine |
Yes
| | Glamazda,
1971 |
| Channa argus argus (northern snakehead) | | |
Yes
| Courtenay and Williams,
2004 |
| Channa marulius (bullseye snakehead) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Courtenay and Williams,
2004; Froese and Pauly,
2009 |
| Charybdis hellerii | | |
Yes
| Galil and Zenetos,
2002 |
| Chelicorophium curvispinum (Caspian mud shrimp) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Jazdzewski and Konopacka,
2002; Vaate et al.,
2002 |
| Cichlasoma urophthalmum (Mayan cichlid) | Naturally dispersed through interconnected canal systems in south and central Florida | |
Yes
| Schofield et al.,
2016 |
| Ciona intestinalis (sea vase) | | |
Yes
| |
| Ciona savignyi | | |
Yes
| |
| Codium parvulum | Dispersed along the Suez Canal | |
Yes
| Israel et al.,
2010; ISPRA,
2018 |
| Corbicula fluminea (Asian clam) | | |
Yes
| Karatayev et al.,
2007; Panov et al.,
2007 |
| Corbula amurensis (Amur River clam) | Spread throughout San Francisco Estuary | |
Yes
| Carlton et al.,
1990 |
| Crassostrea virginica (eastern oyster) | | |
Yes
| |
| Crassula helmsii (Australian swamp stonecrop) | | |
Yes
| CAPM-CEH,
2004 |
| Cuphea carthagenensis (Colombian waxweed) | | |
Yes
| Technigro,
2011 |
| Cyprinus carpio (common carp) | | |
Yes
| Jackel,
1996 |
| Didemnum vexillum (carpet sea squirt) | | |
Yes
| Pederson et al.,
2005 |
| Didymosphenia geminata (didymo) | Potential form of introduction |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Dikerogammarus villosus (killer shrimp) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Jazdzewski and Konopacka,
2002; Vaate et al.,
2002 |
| Diplosoma listerianum | | |
Yes
| Pederson et al.,
2005 |
| Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel) | | |
Yes
| |
| Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (quagga mussel) | Facilitating the natural spread via downstream drift of planktonic larvae |
Yes
|
Yes
| Orlova et al.,
2005; Son,
2007 |
| Eichhornia paniculata (Brazilian water hyacinth) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Husband and Barrett,
1998 |
| Erigeron karvinskianus (Karwinsky’s fleabane) | | |
Yes
| |
| Eriocheir sinensis (Chinese mitten crab) | Natural dispersal though canal systems |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed) | |
Yes
| | |
| Fallopia sachalinensis (giant knotweed) | During flood events | |
Yes
| |
| Fallopia x bohemica | | |
Yes
| |
| Faxonius limosus (Spiny-cheek crayfish) | Reached a number of European countries in this way |
Yes
| | Holdich et al.,
2006 |
| Faxonius rusticus (rusty crayfish) | The species can disperse quite fast | |
Yes
| Hamr,
2002; Olden et al.,
2006; Gunderson,
2008 |
| Ficopomatus enigmaticus (tubeworm) | The opening of the Volga-Don Canal in 1952 allowed the entrance of several exotic species |
Yes
|
Yes
| Zevina and Kuznetsova,
1965 |
| Funtumia elastica (West African rubber tree) | It is believed to be dispersed along waterways in Martinique | |
Yes
| Fleriag,
2010 |
| Gammarus tigrinus | Spreading via waterways, including canals, in France, Germany and USA |
Yes
|
Yes
| Piscart et al.,
2007; Grigorovich et al.,
2008; Piscart et al.,
2008 |
| Glyceria declinata (small sweet grass) | | |
Yes
| |
| Glyceria maxima (reed sweet-grass) | Moved in flowing water |
Yes
|
Yes
| Parsons and Cuthbertson,
1992 |
| Grateloupia turuturu | Solent (UK), Thau Lagoon (France), Cape Cod Canal (USA) |
Yes
| | Cabioch et al.,
1997; Clerck et al.,
2005; Farnham,
1978; Farnham,
1980; Marston and Villalard-Bohnsack,
2002; Mathieson et al.,
2008a; Mathieson et al.,
2008b; Simon et al.,
2001 |
| Gymnocephalus cernuus (ruffe) | | |
Yes
| |
| Hedychium gardnerianum (kahili ginger) | |
Yes
| | |
| Hemibarbus labeo (barbel steed) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Kottelat,
2000 |
| Hemichromis letourneuxi (African jewelfish) | Natural dispersal in Florida through drainage canals/waterways | |
Yes
| Loftus et al.,
2006 |
| Hemimysis anomala | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Audzijonyte et al.,
2008; Bij et al.,
2002; Stubbington et al.,
2008; Wittmann,
2007; Wittmann and Ariani,
2009 |
| Heracleum persicum (Persian hogweed) | | |
Yes
| |
| Hydrocharis morsus-ranae | | |
Yes
| USGS-NAS,
2002 |
| Hygrophila polysperma (Indian swampweed) | | |
Yes
| DCR,
2003 |
| Hymenachne amplexicaulis (hymenachne) | Spread with water flow through natural and engineered waterways |
Yes
|
Yes
| Australian Weeds Committee,
2012 |
| Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush) | |
Yes
| | |
| Lagarosiphon major (African elodea) | | |
Yes
| ISSG,
2006 |
| Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed) | Could be moved in a slow-moving water flow | |
Yes
| |
| Lemna perpusilla (duckweed) | A. Mikulyuk, Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, USA, personal communcation, 2010 | |
Yes
| |
| Lepidium latifolium (perennial pepperweed) | | |
Yes
| |
| Lepomis cyanellus (green sunfish) | Expanded its range to several US states |
Yes
|
Yes
| USGS,
2013 |
| Leptochloa fusca (sprangletop) | Seeds dispersed by water | |
Yes
| Osca,
2013 |
| Leuciscus leuciscus (common dace) | |
Yes
| | |
| Limnomysis benedeni | Via the Main-Danube Canal and the Mittellandkanal in Germany. |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Limnoperna fortunei (golden mussel) | From China to Hong Kong | |
Yes
| Morton,
1975 |
| Littorina littorea (common periwinkle) | | |
Yes
| Reid,
1996 |
| Ludwigia grandiflora (water primrose) | | |
Yes
| Okada et al.,
2009; Ruaux et al.,
2009 |
| Ludwigia peploides (water primrose) | | |
Yes
| Ruaux et al.,
2009 |
| Lupinus polyphyllus (garden lupin) | Accidental |
Yes
|
Yes
| Timmins and MacKenzie,
1995 |
| Marisa cornuarietis (giant ramshorn) | Associated with flood debris, especially that of dislodged aquatic plants | |
Yes
| |
| Melanoides tuberculata (red-rimmed melania) | | |
Yes
| |
| Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) | |
Yes
| | |
| Mnemiopsis leidyi (sea walnut) | | |
Yes
| Welcomme,
1988 |
| Mononychellus tanajoa (cassava green mite) | Accidental introduction, rare pathway | |
Yes
| |
| Morone americana (white perch) | Into the Great Lakes |
Yes
|
Yes
| Fuller et al.,
2008 |
| Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrot's feather) | | |
Yes
| |
| Myriophyllum spicatum (spiked watermilfoil) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Myxobolus cerebralis (whirling disease agent) | Natural fish migration | |
Yes
| Bartholomew and Reno,
2002 |
| Neogobius fluviatilis (monkey goby) | Migration upstream in rivers is facilitated by man-made alteration of the river |
Yes
| | Ahnelt et al.,
1998; Grabowska et al.,
2008; Pinchuk et al.,
2003; Semenchenko et al.,
2011 |
| Neogobius melanostomus (round goby) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Pinchuk et al.,
2003 |
| Nymphaea lotus (white Egyptian lotus) | | |
Yes
| |
| Nymphoides peltata (yellow floating-heart) | | |
Yes
| ISSG,
2006 |
| Pelophylax cf. bedriagae | Immigration from Switzerland and France to Germany |
Yes
| | Ohst,
2008 |
| Pennisetum setaceum (fountain grass) | Seed dispersal |
Yes
| | Welcomme,
1988 |
| Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey) | Adults. Believed to have migrated through Erie Canal, Welland, and St Lawrence canal systems |
Yes
| | Fuller et al.,
2008 |
| Phoxinus phoxinus (European minnow) | | |
Yes
| |
| Phragmites australis (common reed) | | |
Yes
| |
| Phytophthora alni species complex (alder Phytophthora) | Spreads rapidly downstream in invaded watercourses | |
Yes
| Gibbs et al.,
1999; Jung and Blaschke,
2004 |
| Plectranthus scutellarioides (coleus) | Grows by streams; water dispersal is likely | |
Yes
| Flora of China Editorial Committee,
2014 |
| Polistes dominula (European paper wasp) | | |
Yes
| Royal BC Museum,
2011 |
| Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail) | Can be transported passively downstream and can crawl upstream to a limited extent | |
Yes
| |
| Pomacea maculata | As the snails are aquatic they can easily move between water bodies |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Pontogammarus robustoides | Distrbution through Europe via system of interconnected channels |
Yes
|
Yes
| Panov et al.,
2009 |
| Portunus segnis | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Galil,
2011 |
| Potamogeton crispus (curlyleaf pondweed) | | |
Yes
| ISSG,
2006 |
| Pseudorasbora parva (topmouth gudgeon) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Copp et al.,
2005a |
| Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato) | |
Yes
| | |
| Rapana venosa (veined rapana whelk) | | |
Yes
| ICES,
2004 |
| Rhamphicarpa fistulosa | Uncontrolled flooding of contaminated fields can cause seed dispersal into streams and rivers |
Yes
| | |
| Rhopilema nomadica (nomad jellyfish) | Known from the Red Sea and east coast of Africa |
Yes
|
Yes
| Galil et al.,
1990 |
| Rutilus rutilus (roach) | Accidental, probably in water diverted during a flood event, or dredging the outflow of lakes. | |
Yes
| Stokes et al.,
2006; Volta and Jepsen,
2008 |
| Salvinia auriculata (giant salvinia) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| ISSG,
2009 |
| Salvinia minima | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Salvinia molesta (kariba weed) | | |
Yes
| McFarland et al.,
2004 |
| Sander lucioperca (pike-perch) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Sida acuta (sida) | | |
Yes
| Pettit and Froend,
2001 |
| Siganus luridus (dusky spinefoot) | From Red Sea to Mediterranean through Suez Canal |
Yes
|
Yes
| Ben-Tuvia,
1964 |
| Siganus rivulatus (marbled spinefoot) | From Red Sea to Mediterranean through Suez Canal |
Yes
|
Yes
| Por,
1978 |
| Silurus asotus (Amur catfish) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Manchin and Dgebuadze,
2010 |
| Silybum marianum (variegated thistle) | | |
Yes
| |
| Squalius cephalus (European chub) | |
Yes
| | |
| Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass) | | |
Yes
| |
| Trapa natans (waterchestnut) | | |
Yes
| |
| Typha domingensis (southern cattail) | Achenes and rhizomes disperse with water currents. | |
Yes
| Grace and Harrison,
1986; Parsons and Cuthbertson,
1992 |
| Typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail) | | |
Yes
| Hansen and Clevenger,
2005 |
| Typha x glauca (hybrid cattail) | Masses of fruits and hairs or rhizome fragments disperse with water currents | |
Yes
| Grace and Harrison,
1986; Parsons and Cuthbertson,
1992 |
| Umbra pygmaea (eastern mudminnow) | Dispersal between southern Netherlands and northern Belgium |
Yes
| | Verreycken et al.,
2010 |
| Urochloa distachya (signal grass) | Species is tolerant of waterlogged soils |
Yes
|
Yes
| Kissmann,
1997 |
| Varanus niloticus (Nile monitor) | Dispersed naturally | |
Yes
| Enge et al.,
2004 |
