| Achatina fulica (giant African land snail) | Introduced as a food |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Alternaria yali-inficiens (chocolate spot of Ya Li Pear) | | |
Yes
| Roberts (2005) |
| Amaranthus cruentus (red amaranth) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-ARS (2016) |
| Amaranthus tricolor (edible amaranth) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Ameiurus melas (black bullhead) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Arracacia xanthorrhiza (arracacha) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Hermann (1997) |
| Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Ragone (2011) |
| Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Balanites aegyptiaca (simple-thorned torchwood) | Edible fruits | |
Yes
| Booth and Wickens (1988) |
| Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) | |
Yes
| | Schloegel et al. (2009) |
| Bixa orellana (annatto) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Morton (1960) |
| Blattella germanica (German cockroach) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Angeli Adegli (1979) |
| Blighia sapida (akee apple) | Consumed as a vegetable and intentionally introduced to many countries for this purpose |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2019); Rashford (2001) |
| Brassica nigra (black mustard) | deliberate |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Brassica rapa (field mustard) | Cultivated and sold at markets worldwide |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2018) |
| Bunias orientalis (Turkish warty-cabbage) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Capra hircus (goats) | |
Yes
| | |
| Ceratitis quinaria (five-spotted fruit fly) | Trade of host fruit |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Ceratitis rosa (Natal fruit fly) | Possible introduction through infested fruits |
Yes
|
Yes
| White and Elson-Harris (1994) |
| Channa argus argus (northern snakehead) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Courtenay and Williams (2004) |
| Channa marulius (bullseye snakehead) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Courtenay and Williams (2004); Froese and Pauly (2009) |
| Clavibacter michiganensis (bacterial canker of tomato) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Clavibacter sepedonicus (potato ring rot) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Claviceps fusiformis (pearl millet ergot) | Sclerotia mixed with seed | |
Yes
| Bhat (1977) |
| Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (chaya) | Sold at local markets | |
Yes
| Ross-Ibarra and Molina-Cruz (2002) |
| Coccinia grandis (scarlet-fruited ivy gourd) | |
Yes
| | Muniappan et al. (2009) |
| Cocos nucifera (coconut) | Coconut |
Yes
|
Yes
| Chan and Elevitch (2006) |
| Coptotermes gestroi (Asian subterranean termite) | If wooden structures are used for storage and transportation |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Corbicula fluminea (Asian clam) | |
Yes
| | Britton and Morton (1979); McMahon (2000) |
| Coriandrum sativum (coriander) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Cornu aspersum (common garden snail) | |
Yes
| | |
| Crepidula fornicata (American slipper limpet) | Introduced to England at the end of the 19th century to meet growing demand for oysters |
Yes
| | |
| Cromileptes altivelis (humpback grouper) | For live food fish trade and also local consumption |
Yes
|
Yes
| Sadovy (2000); Sadovy et al. (2007) |
| Ctenosaura similis (black spiny-tailed iguana) | Released by people from Central America on Providencia and San Andres Islands |
Yes
| | Dunn (1945); Forero-Medina et al. (2006); Rueda-Almonacid (1999) |
| Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows) | Possible virus acquisition by aphid vectors from infected fruit skin (very rare, accidental) |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (bacterial wilt of dry beans) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Dacus ciliatus (lesser pumpkin fly) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Diaporthe eres (apple leaf, branch and fruit fungus) | From apples stored under different conditions; on Castanea sativa (chestnuts in store) |
Yes
|
Yes
| Udayanga et al. (2014); Juhnevica-Radenkova et al. (2016); Florian et al. (2018) |
| Dickeya solani (black leg disease of potato) | Bacterial ooze on storage materials and machinery, and waste from processing, can spread infection |
Yes
| | Toth et al. (2011) |
| Dicrurus macrocercus | Used on a local basis as a subsistence food item when needed | |
Yes
| BirdLife International (2012) |
| Diplazium esculentum (vegetable fern) | Marketed locally for food and as an ornamental | |
Yes
| Badola (2010); HEAR (2020) |
| Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila) | |
Yes
| | |
| Dysphania ambrosioides (Mexican tea) | Leaf vegetable, aromatic herb |
Yes
|
Yes
| Prota4U (2013) |
| Epiphyas postvittana (light brown apple moth) | |
Yes
| | |
| Esox lucius (pike) | See distribution table and list |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Etlingera elatior (torch ginger) | Fruits are consumed by humans |
Yes
|
Yes
| Ibrahim and Setyowati (1999) |
| Garrulax canorus (Chinese hwamei) | Hunted for food in Hainan, China | |
Yes
| Liang et al. (2013) |
| Globodera rostochiensis (yellow potato cyst nematode) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Turner and Evans (1998) |
| Gracilaria tikvahiae (graceful red weed) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| University of Hawaii (2008) |
| Harmonia axyridis (harlequin ladybird) | Found in UK on produce to a supermarket |
Yes
|
Yes
| Brown et al. (2008b); Majerus et al. (2006) |
| Hedychium coronarium (white butterfly ginger lily) | | |
Yes
| |
| Heterotis niloticus (African bonytongue) | Deliberate |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Hyptis suaveolens (pignut) | | |
Yes
| Cullen et al. (2012) |
| Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) | Young fruits, young shoots and flowers are consumed by humans |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2018) |
| Lepomis gibbosus (pumpkinseed) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Limax maximus (leopard slug) | Accidental transport with vegetables and some fruits |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Limnocharis flava (yellow bur-head) | | |
Yes
| |
| Litopenaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp) | Frozen and processed exports sent worldwide |
Yes
|
Yes
| Globefish (2007) |
| Littorina littorea (common periwinkle) | Hypothesis |
Yes
|
Yes
| Department of Marine Resources State of Maine (2009a); Department of Marine Resources State of Maine (2009b); Marine Institute Ireland (2009); Marine Sacs Project UK (2009); Sharp (1998); Sharp et al. (1998) |
| Luffa acutangula (angled luffa) | | |
Yes
| PROTA (2016) |
| Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug) | |
Yes
| | Harman (in press) |
| Mangifera indica (mango) | Fruit production |
Yes
|
Yes
| Bally (2006) |
| Maranta arundinacea (arrowroot) | Arrowroot |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-ARS (2018) |
| Melicoccus bijugatus (Spanish lime) | Fruits are commonly consumed |
Yes
|
Yes
| Acevedo-Rodríguez (2003) |
| Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) | Root crops commonly found in the market. |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Monilinia fructigena (brown rot) | infected fruit |
Yes
| | Mackie et al. (2005) |
| Monopterus albus (Asian swamp eel) | Presumed to have been brought to Hawaii by Asian immigrants as a food fish |
Yes
| | Fuller et al. (2011) |
| Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry) | Fruits/ Leaves consumed as vegetable |
Yes
|
Yes
| Nelson (2006) |
| Morus nigra (black mulberry) | Edible fruits | |
Yes
| Orwa et al. (2009) |
| Nopalea cochenillifera (cochineal cactus) | Used as a vegetable |
Yes
|
Yes
| Hanelt (2017) |
| Paenibacillus larvae | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Chen et al. (2008) |
| Pandanus tectorius (screw pine) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Paracoccus marginatus (papaya mealybug) | Long distance and local trade in infested produce, especially papaya fruits |
Yes
|
Yes
| Macharia et al. (2017) |
| Paratrechina longicornis (crazy ant) | |
Yes
| | |
| Pectobacterium brasiliense (soft rot and blackleg of ornamentals and potato) | | |
Yes
| |
| Pelophylax cf. bedriagae | Especially in France and Switzerland |
Yes
| | Pagano et al. (1997); Plötner (2005) |
| Penaeus monodon (giant tiger prawn) | Frozen and processed exports from all main producer countries send worldwide for further processing |
Yes
|
Yes
| Globefish (2007); National Marine Fisheries Service (2007) |
| Phthorimaea absoluta (tomato leafminer) | | |
Yes
| |
| Phyllostachys flexuosa (drooping timber bamboo) | Shoots consumed as a vegetable |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora of China Editorial Committee (2017) |
| Phyllostachys reticulata (giant timber bamboo) | Shoots consumed as vegetable |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora of China Editorial Committee (2017) |
| Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry) | Not documented but likely dispersal as whole fruit for sale |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Pomacea maculata | Some ethnicities might culture snails or collect locally |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Portulaca quadrifida (chickenweed) | | |
Yes
| |
| Pseudomonas cichorii (bacterial blight of endive) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Rapana venosa (veined rapana whelk) | | |
Yes
| |
| Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) | Stems and leaves sold in markets and groceries |
Yes
|
Yes
| Missouri Botanical Garden Plant Finder (2014) |
| Rubus rosifolius (roseleaf raspberry) | Fruits and leaves are consumed by humans |
Yes
|
Yes
| ISSG (2010) |
| Salvelinus fontinalis (brook trout) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Sander lucioperca (pike-perch) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Sander vitreus (walleye) | See distribution table and list |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Sechium edule (chayote) | Fruits, tubers, seeds and young shoots are consumed by humans |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROSEA (2018) |
| Senna hirsuta (hairy senna) | Young pods in salads, beverage in Laos |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Solanum quitoense (naranjilla) | Fruit crop |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-ARS (2017) |
| Solanum tuberosum (potato) | A staple crop worldwide, tubers capable of regenerating |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Solenopsis papuana (Papuan thief ant) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Sporisorium pulverulentum (Sporisorium smut of wild Saccharum) | | |
Yes
| |
| Sternochetus mangiferae (mango seed weevil) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Syzygium malaccense (Malay apple) | Fruits of species foraged for food and commonly sold in local supermarkets | |
Yes
| Morton (1987); Panggabean (1991) |
| Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant) | Most frequently observed entering New Zealand on fresh produce such as coconuts |
Yes
|
Yes
| Harris et al. (2005) |
| Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond) | Fruits edible – consumed by humans |
Yes
|
Yes
| Orwa et al. (2009) |
| Theba pisana (white garden snail) | |
Yes
| | Basinger (1927); Mead (1961) |
| Triphasia trifolia (limeberry) | Fruits are edible |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-ARS (2012) |
| Varanus indicus (ambon lizard) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Wasmannia auropunctata (little fire ant) | | |
Yes
| |
| Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria (bacterial spot of tomato and pepper) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri (bacterial spot of tomato and pepper) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens (bacterial leaf streak of barley) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Xanthomonas vesicatoria (bacterial spot of tomato and pepper) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
| Ziziphus mauritiana (jujube) | |
Yes
| | Azam-Ali et al. (2006) |
| Ziziphus spina-christi (Christ's thorn jujube) | Fruits |
Yes
|
Yes
| Orwa et al. (2009) |
