Abelmoschus moschatus (musk mallow) | Often naturalized in ruderal areas, roadsides, fallow lands |
Yes
|
Yes
| Orwa et al. (2009) |
Abutilon hirtum (Indian mallow) | Reported for disturbed habitats: as a weed of irrigated fields, roadsides and overgrazed grasslands. | |
Yes
| Achigan-Dako (2010) |
Abutilon indicum (country mallow) | Common weed in disturbed sites | |
Yes
| PROTA (2015) |
Acacia angustissima (prairie acacia) | Naturalized in open disturbed areas such as roadsides. | |
Yes
| Csurhes and Naive (2009) |
Acacia auriculiformis (northern black wattle) | A fast grower in open areas | |
Yes
| Encyclopedia of Life (2016) |
Acacia crassicarpa (northern wattle) | | |
Yes
| |
Acacia glauca (wild dividivi) | | |
Yes
| |
Acacia mangium (brown salwood) | A pioneer that can naturally regenerate in disturbed sites. Occurs in abundance after forest disturbance, along roads and following slash-and-burn agriculture in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. | |
Yes
| Gunn and Midgley (1991); Krisnawati et al. (2011) |
Acacia mellifera (blackthorn) | | |
Yes
| |
Achillea millefolium (yarrow) | | |
Yes
| Johnston and Pickering (2005) |
Acmella uliginosa (marsh para cress) | Weed |
Yes
|
Yes
| Chung et al. (2007) |
Adenostoma fasciculatum (chamise) | | |
Yes
| |
Adiantum hispidulum (rosy maidenhair fern) | In Singapore, A. hispidulum occurs on bare but shaded earth banks around the suburbs of towns. | |
Yes
| Holttum (1954) |
Aeschynomene americana (shyleaf) | Naturalized along roadsides |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora of China Editorial Committee (2015) |
Agave vivipara (Caribbean agave) | Planted along roadsides |
Yes
|
Yes
| The Mansfeld’s World Database (2015) |
Agdestis clematidea (rockroot) | Grows in waste ground |
Yes
|
Yes
| Nienaber and Thieret (2003) |
Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed) | Weed of disturbed sites | |
Yes
| PROTA (2016) |
Ageratum houstonianum (Blue billygoatweed) | Reported to be a colonizer in disturbed sites | |
Yes
| Johnson (1921) |
Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Zlatnik (1999) |
Agrostis capillaris (common bent) | | |
Yes
| |
Ailanthus altissima (tree-of-heaven) | Frequent, both accidental and deliberate | |
Yes
| Constán-Nava (2012); Kowarik and Säumel (2007) |
Albizia niopoides (silk tree) | Pioneer species |
Yes
|
Yes
| Vozzo (2002) |
Albizia procera (white siris) | Common along roadsides and disturbed sites | |
Yes
| Chinea (1992) |
Allamanda blanchetii (purple allamanda) | Naturalized in disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| Morales (2014) |
Alocasia cucullata (Chinese taro) | Often in forest gaps, disturbed moist areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Nauheimer et al. (2012) |
Alopecurus myosuroides (black-grass) | From Washington to Idaho, USA along road verges | |
Yes
| Lass and Prather (2007) |
Aloysia citrodora (lemon verbena) | Naturalized in disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| Useful Tropical Plants (2019) |
Alternanthera halimifolia (hairy joyweed) | Weeds in ruderal areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Correa et al. (2004) |
Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed) | Weed |
Yes
|
Yes
| Holm et al. (1997) |
Alyssum desertorum (desert madwort) | | |
Yes
| Evangelista et al. (2011) |
Amaranthus dubius (spleen amaranth) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer amaranth) | Often found in agricultural plots and disturbed sites | |
Yes
| Ward et al. (2013) |
Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Motooka et al. (2003) |
Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) | | |
Yes
| |
Ambrosia confertiflora | | |
Yes
| |
Ambrosia peruviana (Peruvian ragweed) | Grows as a weed in disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-ARS (2016) |
Ambrosia tenuifolia (lacy ragweed) | Common weed in disturbed areas associated with human activities |
Yes
|
Yes
| Montagnani et al. (2017) |
Ambrosia trifida (giant ragweed) | | |
Yes
| |
Andropogon virginicus (broomsedge) | | |
Yes
| |
Annona glabra (pond apple) | | |
Yes
| Land Protection (2005) |
Anredera baselloides (Madeira vine) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Randall (2012) |
Ardisia humilis (low shoebutton) | Weed |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora of China Editorial Committee (2015) |
Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy) | | |
Yes
| PROTA (2016) |
Argyreia nervosa (elephant creeper) | Reported at roadsides and disturbed areas | |
Yes
| Padhi et al. (2013) |
Aristida ternipes (spidergrass) | Grows on disturbed soils |
Yes
|
Yes
| Allred (2003) |
Aristolochia ringens (Dutchman’s pipe) | Species is known to grow in disturbed areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| PIER (2015); Wunderlin and Hansen (2003) |
Artemisia biennis (biennial wormwood) | Accidental |
Yes
|
Yes
| Kegode and Darbyshire (2013) |
Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) | Naturalized in disturbed areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Little and Skolmen (2003) |
Asparagus falcatus (sicklethorn) | Escaped from cultivation | |
Yes
| NSW Weedwise (2018) |
Asparagus setaceus (asparagus fern) | Along roadsides, in disturbed sites, and in parks and gardens |
Yes
|
Yes
| Weeds of Australia (2016) |
Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica (cane cactus) | | |
Yes
| |
Austrocylindropuntia subulata (Eve’s needle cactus) | | |
Yes
| |
Avena barbata (slender oat) | Seed can propagate on freshly disturbed ground | |
Yes
| |
Baccharis pilularis (coyote brush) | | |
Yes
| |
Bambusa longispiculata (mahal bamboo) | Monospecific stands in disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora of China Editorial Committee (2019) |
Bambusa tuldoides (punting pole bamboo) | Disturbed sites, roadsides, secondary forest |
Yes
|
Yes
| O'Connor et al. (2000) |
Barleria cristata (Philippine violet) | Cultivated and naturalized in secondary shrublands |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora of China Editorial Committee (2015) |
Barleria lupulina (hophead Philippine violet) | Escaped and naturalized in secondary bushland and thickets |
Yes
|
Yes
| Aguilar (2001) |
Barleria prionitis (porcupine flower) | Grows in roadsides, thickets, and secondary shrublands |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora of China Editorial Committee (2015) |
Basella alba (malabar spinach) | | |
Yes
| PROTA (2017) |
Bassia hyssopifolia (fivehook bassia) | | |
Yes
| |
Batis maritima (saltwort) | | |
Yes
| |
Bauhinia monandra (Napoleon's plume) | Escaped from gardens and often naturalised in disturbed areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| PIER (2014) |
Bauhinia purpurea (purple bauhinia) | Naturalized along roadsides |
Yes
|
Yes
| MacKee (1994) |
Bauhinia tomentosa (yellow bauhinia) | Naturalized in disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| Orwa et al. (2009) |
Bauhinia variegata (mountain ebony) | Escaped and naturalized in disturbed areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (2011); Smith (2010) |
Bidens pilosa (blackjack) | Often naturalizes along roadsides, ruderal areas and waste grounds |
Yes
|
Yes
| ISSG (2018) |
Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Muzila (2006) |
Bothriochloa bladhii (Caucasian bluestem) | Naturalized in open disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| MacKee (1994) |
Bougainvillea spectabilis (great bougainvillea) | Naturalized in disturbed sites, along roadsides, forest margins |
Yes
|
Yes
| Fern (2014) |
Brachypodium sylvaticum (slender false brome) | | |
Yes
| Abeyakoon and Pigott (1975); Ninot et al. (2000); Palo et al. (2008) |
Breynia disticha (snowbush) | Disturbed areas near where cultivated | |
Yes
| PIER (2017); Wildlife of Hawaii (2017) |
Bromus hordeaceus (soft brome) | Weed fields, disturbed areas & waste space | |
Yes
| HITCHCOCK (1935) |
Bromus japonicus (Japanese brome) | Found in open disturbed areas | |
Yes
| Romo and Eddleman (1987) |
Bromus secalinus (rye brome) | Often found in open disturbed areas. |
Yes
|
Yes
| Afonin et al. (2016) |
Brugmansia suaveolens (white angel's trumpet) | | |
Yes
| |
Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush) | | |
Yes
| |
Buddleja madagascariensis (smokebush) | Aggressive invader of heavily disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| Starr et al. (2003) |
Bunias orientalis (Turkish warty-cabbage) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Brandes (1991); Jehlik and Slavik (1968) |
Caesalpinia violacea (brasiletto) | Rehabilitation of disturbed areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Barreto (1998) |
Calliandra houstoniana var. calothyrsus (calliandra) | | |
Yes
| |
Callisia fragrans (basketplant) | Individuals break off and root | |
Yes
| Graveson (2012) |
Canavalia gladiata (sword bean) | Naturalized in ruderal areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2019) |
Canis latrans (Coyote) | Range increase due to human modification of landscape, and possibly elimination of wolves |
Yes
|
Yes
| IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group (2008) |
Caprella mutica | Natural or artificial dispersal following disturbance |
Yes
|
Yes
| Ashton (2006) |
Cardamine flexuosa (wavy bittercress) | Weed in disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora of China (2019) |
Cardiospermum grandiflorum (balloon vine) | Seed and root fragments |
Yes
|
Yes
| PIER (2015) |
Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine) | Often common along roadsides and disturbed areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Acevedo-Rodríguez (2005) |
Carex kobomugi (Asiatic sand sedge) | Dispersed to New York from New Jersey after Hurricane Sandy in 2012. Louise Wootton, Georgian Court |
Yes
|
Yes
| Lamont and Young (2014) |
Carpobrotus chilensis (sea fig) | Established in disturbed dunes | |
Yes
| Brindock and Colwel (2011); California Invasive Plant Council (2020) |
Cascabela thevetia (yellow oleander) | Often naturalized in wastelands | |
Yes
| Weeds of Australia (2020) |
Cassia javanica (pink shower) | Naturalized in disturbed places near cultivation |
Yes
|
Yes
| Orwa et al. (2009) |
Castilla elastica (Mexican rubber tree) | Prefers disturbed areas. Therefore forest disturbances increase the possibility of invasion | |
Yes
| Cokeley et al. (2000); Dawson et al. (2008) |
Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) | Escaped and naturalized in disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| PIER (2015) |
Cecropia peltata (trumpet tree) | | |
Yes
| Binggelli (1999) |
Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar) | | |
Yes
| Cintron (1990) |
Cenchrus biflorus (Indian sandbur) | | |
Yes
| |
Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass) | | |
Yes
| |
Centaurea iberica (Iberian starthistle) | | |
Yes
| |
Centaurea melitensis (Maltese starthistle) | | |
Yes
| Hubbert (2007) |
Cheilocostus speciosus (crepe ginger ) | Naturalized along roadsides and disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| PIER (2015) |
Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) | Often escaped from cultivation and naturalized in disturbed sites, open grasslands, and along roadsides |
Yes
|
Yes
| Weeds of Australia (2020) |
Chloris virgata (feather finger grass) | Weed on disturbed open areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Barkworth (2003) |
Christella dentata (soft fern) | Colonizes disturbed gullies, trailsides and areas frequented by pigs.
For references, please see te |
Yes
| | |
Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver) | Often planted in degraded lands |
Yes
|
Yes
| Joy (2009) |
Cissus quadrangularis (treebine) | Naturalized along roadsides, open forests and wastelands |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2018) |
Cissus verticillata (possum grape vine) | Common in disturbed areas, pastures, roadsides |
Yes
|
Yes
| Acevedo-Rodríguez (2005) |
Cleome viscosa (Asian spiderflower) | Common in grassy slopes, wasteland and along roadsides |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora of China Editorial Committee (2015) |
Clerodendrum lindleyi (clerodendrum) | Naturalized in open sites and disturbed areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Méndez Santos (2013) |
Clerodendrum paniculatum (pagoda flower) | Naturalized in open areas, waste fields, roadsides, etc |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora of Panama (2020) |
Clidemia hirta (Koster's curse) | Landslides etc. | |
Yes
| Peters (2001) |
Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (chaya) | Possible, if cuttings are able to root | |
Yes
| |
Cocos nucifera (coconut) | Planted in disturbed areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Chan and Elevitch (2006) |
Corbicula fluminea (Asian clam) | | |
Yes
| Panov et al. (2007) |
Cornus sericea (redosier dogwood) | North America |
Yes
| | Middleton (2002); USDA-FS (2009) |
Cortaderia selloana (pampas grass) | | |
Yes
| Pausas et al. (2006) |
Cosmos sulphureus (sulphur cosmos) | |
Yes
| | |
Crotalaria maypurensis (rattlebox weed) | Common along roadsides and disturbed sites | |
Yes
| Avendaño (2011) |
Crotalaria retusa (rattleweed) | Escaped from cultivation |
Yes
|
Yes
| Prota4U (2013) |
Crotalaria spectabilis (showy rattlepod) | Weed on disturbed sites and along roadsides |
Yes
|
Yes
| Francis (2004) |
Croton argenteus (silver July croton) | Weed in disturbed areas and sunny open fields |
Yes
|
Yes
| González (2000) |
Cucumis anguria (West Indian gherkin) | Naturalized in wastelands, open areas and along roadsides |
Yes
|
Yes
| Wilkins-Ellert (2004) |
Cupressus sempervirens (Mediterranean cypress) | Along roadsides and disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| Belov (2009) |
Cyanthillium cinereum (little ironweed) | Common weed |
Yes
|
Yes
| Holm et al. (1997) |
Cymbopogon schoenanthus (camel grass) | Naturalized in disturbed sites and along roads |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2019) |
Cynara cardunculus (cardoon) | Commonly colonises disturbed fields associated with overgrazing | |
Yes
| Thomsen et al. (1986) |
Cynodon nlemfuensis (African Bermuda-grass) | Plants escaped from cultivation often colonize disturbed areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Prota4U (2013) |
Cynodon plectostachyus (African stargrass) | Naturalized along roadsides and in disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2015) |
Cyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge) | Grows as a weed in disturbed areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Holm et al. (1979) |
Cyperus imbricatus (shingle flatsedge) | Seeds and stem segments are commonly dispersed in dumped garden waste. |
Yes
|
Yes
| Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (2011) |
Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) | Often common along roadsides and in disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-NRCS (2016) |
Dalea scandens (low prairie clover) | Pioneer species on disturbed sites | |
Yes
| Groom (2012) |
Datura ferox (fierce thornapple) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Parsons and Cuthbertson (2001) |
Datura innoxia (downy thorn apple) | | |
Yes
| |
Datura metel (Hindu datura) | Species is often found growing sporadically in disturbed areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Delonix regia (flamboyant) | | |
Yes
| PIER (2009) |
Deparia petersenii subsp. petersenii (Petersen’s lady fern) | Spread facilitated by feral pigs/goats | |
Yes
| US Fish and Wildlife Service (1996) |
Derris elliptica (tuba root) | Naturalized in disturbed sites, along roadsides, forest edges |
Yes
|
Yes
| De Padua et al. (1999) |
Desmodium cajanifolium (tropical tick trefoil) | Reported from disturbed sites | |
Yes
| Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020) |
Dichanthium annulatum (Kleberg's bluestem) | Common grass in degraded areas | |
Yes
| Perkins (2014) |
Dichanthium aristatum (angelton bluestem) | Found in disturbed and heavily grazed areas | |
Yes
| PIER (2018); Texas Invasives (2020) |
Dichanthium caricosum (nadi blue grass) | Common on disturbed sites and along roadsides |
Yes
|
Yes
| PIER (2015) |
Digitaria bicornis (Asian crabgrass) | A weed in disturbed areas | |
Yes
| Quattrocchi (2006) |
Digitaria eriantha (pangola grass) | At disturbed sites in Australia. | |
Yes
| Weeds of Australia (2016) |
Digitaria fuscescens (yellow crab grass) | Weed in disturbed sites | |
Yes
| Quattrocchi (2006) |
Dimorphotheca sinuata (Cape marigold) | Naturalized along roads, in disturbed sites and along washes |
Yes
|
Yes
| Halvorson and Guertin (2003) |
Diplazium esculentum (vegetable fern) | At disturbed sites | |
Yes
| HEAR (2020) |
Discus rotundatus (rotund disc) | Not explicitly mentioned in literature, but likely based on the species’ biology | |
Yes
| |
Dracaena fragrans (corn plant) | Often naturalized along roadsides and disturbed areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2020) |
Drymaria arenarioides (alfombrilla) | Possible, as it is spreading across open areas through the north of Mexico | |
Yes
| Allison (1977) |
Drymaria cordata (tropical chickweed) | Common weed in disturbed areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-ARS (2014) |
Dysphania ambrosioides (Mexican tea) | This species grows as a weed |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-ARS (2013) |
Ehrharta calycina (perennial veldtgrass) | | |
Yes
| Bossard et al. (2000) |
Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian olive) | | |
Yes
| Katz and Shafroth (2003) |
Elaeagnus umbellata (autumn olive) | | |
Yes
| Munger (2003) |
Eleutherodactylus planirostris (greenhouse frog) | Tolerant of disturbed sites, may use disturbed sites as stepping stones to natural areas from urban | |
Yes
| Meshaka et al. (2009) |
Emilia coccinea (scarlet tasselflower) | Often naturalized in disturbed areas, open ground and roadsides | |
Yes
| Davidse et al. (2018) |
Emilia praetermissa (yellow thistle) | Weed in disturbed sites, roadsides, open areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora of China Editorial Committee (2020) |
Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower) | Weed of disturbed sites | |
Yes
| Flora of China (2018) |
Epilobium ciliatum (northern willowherb) | | |
Yes
| |
Eragrostis atrovirens (thalia lovegrass) | Grows along railways and roadsides |
Yes
|
Yes
| Barkworth et al. (2004) |
Eragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass) | Grows along roadsides and disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| Barkworth et al. (2004) |
Eragrostis lehmanniana (Lehmann lovegrass) | Spreads by seed and stolons | |
Yes
| Uchytil (1992) |
Eragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass) | | |
Yes
| Alien plants of Belgium (2018) |
Eragrostis plana (South African lovegrass) | Especially along roads and trails, on compacted soils |
Yes
|
Yes
| Reis (1993) |
Erechtites hieraciifolius (American burnweed) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Eremochloa ophiuroides (centipedegrass) | Naturalized along roadsides and disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| Coile (1993) |
Erigeron bellioides (bellorita) | Weed of disturbed areas, roadsides, lawns etc |
Yes
|
Yes
| Mears (2009) |
Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) | Naturalized along roadsides and in disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| PIER (2016) |
Erodium cicutarium (common storksbill) | | |
Yes
| |
Euphorbia lactea (mottled spurge) | Naturalized and spreading on disturbed and waste sties |
Yes
|
Yes
| Little et al. (1974) |
Euphorbia leucocephala (white Christmas bush) | Escaped from cultivation and naturalized in disturbed sites, open areas, dry thickets |
Yes
|
Yes
| Hyde et al. (2020) |
Euphorbia milii (crown-of-thorns) | Naturalized in disturbed sites near cultivation |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora of China Editorial Committee (2020) |
Euphorbia tirucalli (Indian-tree spurge) | Protects bare soil in dry areas from wind and water |
Yes
|
Yes
| Orwa et al. (2009) |
Euphorbia trigona (African milk weed) | Often growing in disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-ARS (2016) |
Falcataria moluccana (batai wood) | | |
Yes
| |
Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed) | | |
Yes
| |
Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) | | |
Yes
| |
Ficus benghalensis (banyan) | Escaped from cultivation and often naturalized in disturbed areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Starr et al. (2003) |
Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis) | Common weed in roads, open slopes, muddy places near water, grasslands, and paddy fields |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora of China Editorial Committee (2014) |
Flemingia strobilifera (wild hops) | Weed |
Yes
|
Yes
| ISSG (2014) |
Fraxinus uhdei (tropical ash) | | |
Yes
| |
Funtumia elastica (West African rubber tree) | At disturbed sites, abandoned agricultural lands and borders of forests | |
Yes
| Netterling (2008); Fleriag (2010) |
Galphimia glauca (goldshower) | Naturalized along roadsides |
Yes
|
Yes
| Anderson (2007) |
Galphimia gracilis (goldshower) | Naturalized along roadsides and in ruderal areas near cultivation |
Yes
|
Yes
| Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) |
Gmelina arborea (candahar) | Naturalized in disturbed sites and along roadsides |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2016) |
Gomphocarpus physocarpus (balloon cotton bush) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Motooka et al. (2003) |
Gomphrena globosa (globe amaranth) | | |
Yes
| Flora of Pakistan (2015) |
Hakea sericea (silky hakea) | | |
Yes
| |
Halogeton glomeratus (halogeton) | | |
Yes
| |
Halyomorpha halys (brown marmorated stink bug) | Association with distrurbed habitat and population hot spots. | |
Yes
| |
Hedychium coronarium (white butterfly ginger lily) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Hedychium flavescens (wild ginger) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Hedychium gardnerianum (kahili ginger) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Helianthus debilis (beach sunflower) | Adapted to disturbed sites and solid waste reclamation sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| Maura and Sanders (2002) |
Heliocarpus donnellsmithii (majagua) | Pioneer tree species |
Yes
|
Yes
| Macía (1999) |
Heliotropium curassavicum (salt heliotrope) | Common weed of ruderal areas, roadsides, open sites, etc. |
Yes
|
Yes
| ISSG (2018) |
Hemigraphis alternata (red ivy) | Naturalized along roads and trails |
Yes
|
Yes
| PIER (2016) |
Heterotheca grandiflora (telegraph weed) | Common on roadsides and
other disturbed places | |
Yes
| DiTomaso and Healy (2007) |
Heterotis rotundifolia (pink lady) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Prota4U (2013) |
Hibiscus tiliaceus (coast cottonwood) | | |
Yes
| |
Holcus lanatus (common velvet grass) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Humulus scandens (Japanese hop) | | |
Yes
| |
Hymenachne amplexicaulis (hymenachne) | Ditching, dyking and diversion of natural stream and river systems affecting both substrate and flow |
Yes
|
Yes
| Australian Weeds Committee (2012); Silva et al. (2012) |
Hyoscyamus niger (black henbane) | anthropogenic disturbance is a major vector in North America | |
Yes
| LaFantasie (2008) |
Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass) | This species easily colonizes disturbed areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Williams and Baruch (2000) |
Hyptis alata (clustered bushmint) | Weed on disturbed sites | |
Yes
| USDA-NRCS (2016) |
Hyptis suaveolens (pignut) | | |
Yes
| Cullen et al. (2012) |
Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora Mesoamericana (2018) |
Impatiens parviflora (small balsam) | | |
Yes
| Trepl (1984) |
Impatiens walleriana (busy lizzy) | Often naturalized along roadsides and disturbed forests |
Yes
|
Yes
| Christenhusz (2009) |
Indigofera trita (Asian indigo) | Common weed in disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2014) |
Indigofera trita subsp. scabra (Asian Indigo) | Common weed in disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2014) |
Ipomoea alba (white moonflower ) | Common in parks, along roadsides, and along railway lines |
Yes
|
Yes
| Queensland Government (2016) |
Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morning glory) | Naturalized along roadsides, open areas, ruderal areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora of China Editorial Committee (2020) |
Ipomoea indica (ocean blue morning-glory) | Common in disturbed, open sites, roadsides and forest edges |
Yes
|
Yes
| Queensland Government (2017) |
Ipomoea nil (white edge morning-glory) | Common in disturbed, open sites, roadsides and forest edges |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora of China Editorial Committee (2017) |
Ipomoea purpurea (tall morning glory) | It grows as a weed |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-ARS (2014) |
Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass) | Naturalized on heavily grazed areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2015) |
Jatropha curcas (jatropha) | | |
Yes
| Pitt (1999) |
Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush) | |
Yes
| | |
Jatropha integerrima (peregrina) | Naturalising at disturbed sites | |
Yes
| HEAR (2017) |
Juncus effusus (common rush) | | |
Yes
| |
Juncus ensifolius (swordleaf rush) | Dominant means of local accidental spread is by disturbance of wet soil, e.g. in ditch construction | |
Yes
| |
Juncus planifolius (broadleaf rush) | | |
Yes
| US Fish and Wildlife Service (1992) |
Juncus tenuis (slender rush) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Hilty (2011) |
Kalanchoe blossfeldiana (flaming katy) | Naturalized in disturbed and waste places |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora de Nicaragua (2016) |
Kalanchoe integra (Never die) | Found on roadsides | |
Yes
| Sharma et al. (2011) |
Lactuca floridana (woodland lettuce) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) | Naturalized in disturbed sites, roadsides, etc |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2018) |
Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea) | Naturalized in ruderal areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Vibrans (2009) |
Launaea intybacea (bitter lettuce) | Common weed on disturbed and waste sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| Pruski and Robinson (2018) |
Lawsonia inermis (Egyptian privet) | Naturalized in disturbed sites and near villages |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2017) |
Lepidagathis alopecuroidea (pata de gallina) | The species is reported at disturbed forest sites | |
Yes
| Wasshausen and Wood (2004) |
Lepidium virginicum (Virginian peppercress) | Commonly found at disturbed and waste places. | |
Yes
| Encyclopedia of Life (2016) |
Leptochloa fusca (sprangletop) | Often naturalized in open grounds and disturbed places |
Yes
|
Yes
| PIER (2018) |
Lespedeza cuneata (sericea lespedeza) | Introduced for rapid greening of disturbed sites | |
Yes
| Carter and Ungar (2002) |
Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) | | |
Yes
| |
Leucophyllum frutescens (Texas barometer bush) | Grows along roadsides and highways |
Yes
|
Yes
| Kahle et al. (2020) |
Ligustrum japonicum (Japanese privet) | At disturbed areas | |
Yes
| Maddox et al. (2010) |
Lindernia crustacea (Malaysian false pimpernel) | Weed |
Yes
|
Yes
| Holm et al. (1979) |
Livistona chinensis (Chinese fan palm) | Naturalized along roadsides and disturbed forests |
Yes
|
Yes
| ISSG (2016) |
Ludwigia palustris (marsh seedbox) | Common in disturbed exposed muds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Online Atlas of the British & Irish Flora (2020) |
Lupinus angustifolius (narrow-leaf lupin) | Weed in disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| Weeds of Australia (2017) |
Lygodium microphyllum (old world climbing fern) | | |
Yes
| |
Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Cook et al. (2005) |
Macrothelypteris torresiana (swordfern) | Common in disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| NZPCN (2017) |
Malvaviscus penduliflorus (Turk's cap mallow) | Naturalized in disturbed sites, waste areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Queensland Government (2018) |
Mangifera indica (mango) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Bally (2006) |
Maranta arundinacea (arrowroot) | Naturalized in disturbed sites, roadsides, waste grounds |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROSEA (2018) |
Martynia annua (tiger's claw) | Weed of wastelands and roadsides |
Yes
|
Yes
| Parsons and Cuthbertson (2001) |
Melaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree) | | |
Yes
| PIER (2007) |
Melinis minutiflora (molasses grass) | Escape from cultivation |
Yes
|
Yes
| Cook et al. (2005) |
Mesosphaerum pectinatum (comb bushmint) | Accidental, frequent |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Microstegium vimineum (Nepalese browntop) | | |
Yes
| Warren et al. (2010) |
Mikania micrantha (bitter vine) | | |
Yes
| |
Mikania scandens | | |
Yes
| Moon et al. (1993) |
Mimosa arenosa (elegant mimosa) | Common in disturbed sites, roadsides, abandoned pastures, etc. |
Yes
|
Yes
| Francis (2004) |
Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock flower) | Escaped form cultivation into disturbed areas. | |
Yes
| Dave’s Garden (2016) |
Miscanthus sinensis (eulalia) | Along road verges in USA | |
Yes
| Meyer (2003) |
Moorochloa eruciformis (sweet signal grass) | | |
Yes
| Blanca et al. (2009) |
Morella faya (firetree) | | |
Yes
| |
Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry) | Naturalized in disturbed areas near villages |
Yes
|
Yes
| Nelson (2006) |
Moringa oleifera (horse radish tree) | | |
Yes
| Csurhes and Navie (2016) |
Murraya paniculata (orange jessamine) | Reported from disturbed sites | |
Yes
| PIER (2018); Brisbane City Council (2020) |
Mussaenda erythrophylla (red flag bush) | Naturalized in ruderal areas, secondary forests and along roadsides |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2018) |
Mussaenda philippica (Queen of Philippines) | Often grown along roadsides, forest edges and ruderal sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| Alejandro et al. (2016) |
Nelsonia canescens (blue pussyleaf) | Common weed in open and disturbed places |
Yes
|
Yes
| Daniel (2001) |
Neomarica caerulea (walking iris) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Nerium oleander (oleander) | As an escape from cultivation | |
Yes
| HEAR (2017); PIER (2018) |
Neyraudia reynaudiana (burma reed) | | |
Yes
| Rasha (2005) |
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia (Tex-Mex tobacco) | Reported on waste land | |
Yes
| Flora of Pakistan (2017) |
Ocimum gratissimum (African basil) | Weed of open sites, disturbed areas, roadsides, etc |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROSEA (2018) |
Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines) | Common weed in ruderal sites, roadsides, forest edges |
Yes
|
Yes
| Terrell and Robinson (2006) |
Oldenlandia lancifolia (calycose mille graines) | Often naturalized along roadsides, disturbed forests, etc |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2018) |
Opuntia elatior (red-flower prickly pear) | | |
Yes
| |
Opuntia engelmannii (cactus apple) | | |
Yes
| |
Opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear) | | |
Yes
| |
Opuntia stricta (erect prickly pear) | Cladode movement and establishment | |
Yes
| |
Palaemon elegans (rock shrimp) | | |
Yes
| |
Pandanus tectorius (screw pine) | | |
Yes
| |
Parthenium hysterophorus (parthenium weed) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper) | Naturalized along roadsides and open waste areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-NRCS (2017) |
Paspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass) | Weed in disturbed sites, roadsides, ruderal areas, etc |
Yes
|
Yes
| PIER (2018) |
Paspalum densum (dense crowngrass) | Weed of open and moist disturbed sites | |
Yes
| Quattrocchi (2006) |
Paspalum dilatatum (dallisgrass) | | |
Yes
| PIER (2017) |
Paspalum millegrana (yerba brava) | Weed of wet disturbed sites and flooded areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Ortiz et al. (2015) |
Paspalum paniculatum (Russell River grass) | Weed in disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2016) |
Paspalum urvillei (Vasey grass) | | |
Yes
| PROTA (2018) |
Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum) | | |
Yes
| |
Paspalum virgatum (sword grass) | Weed of ruderal sites, roadsides, pastures |
Yes
|
Yes
| De la Cruz et al. (1994) |
Pastinaca sativa (parsnip) | Accidental dispersal through landscaping and soil movement activities |
Yes
|
Yes
| Cain et al. (2010) |
Pennisetum setaceum (fountain grass) | Roadsides, railways, mining | |
Yes
| Florabase (2012) |
Pentas lanceolata (Egyptian starcluster) | Naturalized in ruderal areas, roadsides, old farms |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2018) |
Persicaria chinensis (Chinese knotweed) | Found in disturbed areas in Hawaii |
Yes
|
Yes
| Wagner et al. (1999) |
Petiveria alliacea (guinea hen weed) | Seeds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Vibrans (2009) |
Phleum pratense (timothy grass) | | |
Yes
| |
Phyllostachys aurea (golden bamboo) | Accidental movement of rhizome contaminated soil |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-APHIS (2012) |
Phyllostachys aureosulcata (yellow groove bamboo) | Accidental movement of rhizome contaminated soil |
Yes
|
Yes
| USDA-APHIS (2012) |
Phytophthora cinnamomi (Phytophthora dieback) | Spread in soil during road building and mining | |
Yes
| Batini (1977); Colquhoun and Petersen (1994) |
Pittosporum undulatum (Australian cheesewood) | | |
Yes
| Goodland and Healey (1996) |
Pluchea carolinensis (sourbush) | Common in disturbed areas | |
Yes
| Francis (2004) |
Poa annua (annual meadowgrass) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Holm et al. (1997) |
Polyscias guilfoylei (geranium aralia) | Naturalized in disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| Duvauchelle (2007) |
Portulaca pilosa (kiss-me-quick) | | |
Yes
| |
Prosopis glandulosa (honey mesquite) | Aids establishment | |
Yes
| Pasiecznik et al. (2001) |
Prosopis juliflora (mesquite) | Aids establishment, e.g. overgrazing | |
Yes
| Pasiecznik et al. (2001) |
Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides (Mexican flamevine) | Naturalized in disturbed sites, roadsides and open grounds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Davidse et al. (2018) |
Pteris multifida (spider brake) | Found at disturbed sites in urban areas | |
Yes
| HEAR (2017); Keener et al. (2020) |
Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern) | Present at disturbed sites, urban areas and cleared areas | |
Yes
| PIER (2018); I3N-Brasil (2019); Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2019) |
Ptychosperma elegans (solitaire palm) | In forest openings | |
Yes
| Horvitz et al. (1998) |
Rubus parviflorus (thimbleberry) | Rapidly invades disturbed areas | |
Yes
| Oleskevich et al. (1996) |
Rubus rosifolius (roseleaf raspberry) | Grows as a weed |
Yes
|
Yes
| ISSG (2010) |
Ruellia simplex (Mexican petunia) | Weed |
Yes
|
Yes
| Hammer (2002) |
Russelia equisetiformis (firecracker plant) | Established at disturbed sites | |
Yes
| Floridata (2016) |
Rytidostylis carthagenensis | Found at disturbed sites and margins of forests and rivers | |
Yes
| Sasaki et al. (2008) |
Saccharum ravennae (ravenna grass) | | |
Yes
| |
Salsola kali (common saltwort) | | |
Yes
| |
Salsola paulsenii (barbwire Russian thistle) | | |
Yes
| |
Salvinia biloba (giant salvinia) | Although there is no information available, it is highly possible that flooding events could disperse the species into interconnected waterways | |
Yes
| |
Sambucus canadensis (American black elderberry) | Common in disturbed areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Stevens (2001) |
Schinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian pepper tree) | | |
Yes
| |
Schismus arabicus (Arabian schismus) | Soil disturbance promotes spread | |
Yes
| Brooks (1999) |
Sechium edule (chayote) | Naturalized in disturbed sites, roadsides, pastures, etc. |
Yes
|
Yes
| I3N-Brasil (2018) |
Securigera varia (crown vetch) | Reported in disturbed areas at native and introduced counties | |
Yes
| GISD (2016); Gucker (2009) |
Senna aculeata (senna) | Common in disturbed sites, roadsides, open areas, etc. |
Yes
|
Yes
| Silva et al. (2018) |
Senna hirsuta (hairy senna) | Humans and animals | |
Yes
| |
Senna italica (Senegal senna) | Common weed in disturbed habitats |
Yes
|
Yes
| Useful Tropical Plants (2020) |
Sesbania sericea (silky sesban) | Seeds germinate on disturbed areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Francis (2000) |
Setaria verticillata (bristly foxtail) | | |
Yes
| |
Sida acuta (sida) | | |
Yes
| Holm et al. (1977) |
Sida linifolia (flaxleaf fanpetals) | At roadsides and ruderal areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| PROTA (2016) |
Sida repens (Javanese fanpetals) | Weed of disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| Fryxell (2007) |
Solanum capsicoides (cockroach berry) | Weed of waste areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Zhang et al. (1994) |
Solanum erianthum (potato tree) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Solanum quitoense (naranjilla) | |
Yes
|
Yes
| Heiser (1972) |
Solanum seaforthianum (Brazilian nightshade) | Grown as a weed |
Yes
|
Yes
| Randall (2012) |
Solanum sisymbriifolium (sticky nightshade) | Common weed in wastelands and ruderal areas | |
Yes
| ISSG (2020) |
Solenopsis invicta (red imported fire ant) | Worker ant could move queen ant/s to another location with brood - accidental | |
Yes
| Morrison et al. (2004) |
Solidago sempervirens (seaside goldenrod) | Blowouts caused by disturbance |
Yes
|
Yes
| Lonard et al. (2015) |
Sonchus asper (spiny sow-thistle) | Very common in disturbed sites, described as a pioneer species |
Yes
|
Yes
| Hutchinson et al. (1984) |
Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) | Environmental weed |
Yes
|
Yes
| Holm et al. (1977) |
Spiraea chamaedryfolia (germander meadowsweet) | Often naturalized in disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Spirodela polyrrhiza (giant duckweed) | Dispersed with high waters into interconnected waterways | |
Yes
| Les (2020); PIER (2020) |
Sporobolus tenuissimus (tropical dropseed) | Reported as growing in open areas, waste places, clearings | |
Yes
| Quattrocchi (2006) |
Stachytarpheta urticifolia (rattail) | | |
Yes
| Kuo (2003) |
Sterculia apetala (Panama tree) | | |
Yes
| CONABIO (2017) |
Stictocardia tiliifolia (spottedheart) | | |
Yes
| |
Syzygium malaccense (Malay apple) | Species occurs in disturbed areas | |
Yes
| Morton (1987); Peru Checklist (2015); Whistler and Elevitch (2006) |
Tagetes erecta (Mexican marigold) | Naturalized in ruderal sites, roadsides, open ground etc. | |
Yes
| Davidse et al. (2018) |
Tamarindus indica (tamarind) | Sometimes naturalized in ruderal areas near villages |
Yes
|
Yes
| PIER (2017) |
Tamarix ramosissima (saltcedar) | | |
Yes
| |
Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant) | Colonies will relocate if disturbed, and they are associated with disturbed environments |
Yes
|
Yes
| Deyrup et al. (2000); Passera (1994) |
Tecoma capensis (Cape honeysuckle) | Occur in secondary forests and along drainage lines |
Yes
|
Yes
| Orwa et al. (2009) |
Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond) | Often naturalized along roadsides, disturbed littoral habitats |
Yes
|
Yes
| Thomson and Evans (2006) |
Thelypteris opulenta (jewelled maiden fern) | Weed in disturbed sites and secondary forests |
Yes
|
Yes
| Smith (1995) |
Thunbergia erecta (bush clockvine) | Often naturalized along roadsides and in disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| Durkee (1986); Daniel (1995); Flora of Panama (2020) |
Thunbergia grandiflora (Bengal trumpet) | This species frequently invades disturbed areas in wet climates |
Yes
|
Yes
| Starr et al. (2003) |
Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower) | Weed, often naturalized in disturbed sites and roadsides |
Yes
|
Yes
| Queensland Government (2018) |
Tithonia rotundifolia (red sunflower) | Pioneer species |
Yes
|
Yes
| ISSA (2018) |
Toxicodendron succedaneum (wax tree) | Naturalized in disturbed areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| NZPCN (2016) |
Trachelospermum jasminoides (star-jasmine) | Naturalized in disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Tragus racemosus (stalker bur grass) | Found growing in open disturbed areas | |
Yes
| PROTA (2020) |
Triumfetta bogotensis (parquet bur) | A weedy species of disturbed sites | |
Yes
| Lay (1950) |
Triumfetta rhomboidea (diamond burbark) | A weed of disturbed sites | |
Yes
| Lay (1950) |
Triumfetta semitriloba (burweed) | | |
Yes
| |
Turnera ulmifolia (West Indian holly) | Naturalized in open, waste places |
Yes
|
Yes
| Smith (1981) |
Typha domingensis (southern cattail) | Seedlings establish in disturbed vegetation. | |
Yes
| Finlayson et al. (1983) |
Typha x glauca (hybrid cattail) | Seedlings establish in disturbed vegetation | |
Yes
| Grace and Harrison (1986) |
Urena lobata (caesar weed) | Seeds are able to germinate in disturbed areas | |
Yes
| Francis (2000) |
Urena sinuata (bur mallow) | Seeds can germinate in disturbed areas | |
Yes
| Liogier (1988) |
Urochloa decumbens (signal grass) | Weed along roadsides and disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| Weeds of Australia (2015) |
Urochloa distachya (signal grass) | Along roads, railways or streams |
Yes
|
Yes
| CSIRO (2010) |
Urochloa reptans (sprawling signalgrass) | Naturalized in disturbed sites, roadsides, open grounds |
Yes
|
Yes
| Hammel et al. (2003) |
Urtica dioica (stinging nettle) | | |
Yes
| |
Vachellia macracantha (porknut) | often naturalized along roadside and disturbed sites |
Yes
|
Yes
| Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Ventenata dubia (North Africa grass) | Transportation corridors, when seeds are present |
Yes
|
Yes
| |
Verbena officinalis (vervain) | As an escape from cultivation and established mostly near populated areas | |
Yes
| PFAF (2020) |
Viguiera dentata (sunflower goldeneye) | Ruderal weed |
Yes
|
Yes
| Vibrans (2009) |
Vitex agnus-castus (chaste tree) | Grown in disturbed sites, along roadsides, etc. |
Yes
|
Yes
| Gilman and Watson (1994) |
Vitex parviflora (molave) | Established along roadsides in Hawaii | |
Yes
| HEAR (2017) |
Vulpia bromoides (squirreltail fescue) | | |
Yes
| |
Youngia japonica (oriental false hawksbeard) | Environmental weed. Often naturalized along roadsides, waste sites, open grounds, etc. |
Yes
|
Yes
| Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2018) |
Yucca gigantea (spineless yucca) | Naturalized in disturbed areas |
Yes
|
Yes
| Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2005) |
Zeuxine strateumatica (soldier’s orchid) | | |
Yes
| Ames (1938) |
Zinnia peruviana (Peruvian zinnia) | | |
Yes
| |