Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (citrus greening) | Present, Widespread | | | Bové et al. (2000); EPPO (2014); CABI/EPPO (2017) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | citrus huanglongbing (greening) disease (citrus greening) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI/EPPO (2017); EPPO (2019) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Trichoconiella padwickii (stackburn disease) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1984) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soyabean rust) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2015) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia kuehnii (orange rust) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2015) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Uromycladium spp. that cause gall rusts (Acacia gall rusts) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Rahayu et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Adoretus sinicus (Chinese rose beetle) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1981); EPPO (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera carambolae (carambola fruit fly) | Present | | | EPPO (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera cucurbitae (melon fly) | Present | | Invasive | CABI and EPPO (2003); EPPO (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly) | Present | | | Barro et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Brontispa longissima (coconut hispine beetle) | Present | | | Mohamedsaid (2009); EPPO (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Charybdis hellerii | Present, Widespread | Native | | Leene (1938); Stephenson (1972) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screw-worm) | Present | Native | Invasive | Wardhana et al. (2012); Wardhana et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | Lee et al. (1989) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cylas formicarius (sweet potato weevil) | Present | | | EPPO (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ferrisia virgata (striped mealybug) | Present | | | Kaydan and Gullan (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Heteropsylla cubana (leucaena psyllid) | Present | | | Miura (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug) | Present | | | Williams (2004); EPPO (2014); CABI and EPPO (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oryctes rhinoceros (coconut rhinoceros beetle) | Present | | | EPPO (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Papilio demoleus (chequered swallowtail) | Present | | Invasive | Matsumoto (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phenacoccus solenopsis (cotton mealybug) | Present | Introduced | | Gavrilovic and Curcic (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rastrococcus invadens (fruit tree mealybug) | Present | | | EPPO (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (red palm weevil) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Solenopsis geminata (tropical fire ant) | Present | | | EPPO (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera exempta (black armyworm) | Present | | | EPPO (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Vespa velutina (Asian hornet) | Present | Native | | Archer (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Asian ambrosia beetle) | Present | | | EPPO (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Amphiprion | Present | Native | | Froese and Pauly (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bos taurus (cattle) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bubalus bubalis (Asian water buffalo) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | | | Borghese (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Columba livia (pigeons) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Dicrurus macrocercus | Present, Widespread | Native | | MacKinnon and Phillipps (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Asian common toad) | Present | Introduced | | Dijk et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Equus caballus [ISC] (horse) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Grubb (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rachycentron canadum (cobia) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Sus scrofa [ISC] (feral pig) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Trichopodus trichopterus (three spot gourami) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Kottelat et al. (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tyto alba (Barn owl) | Present | Native | | Bruce (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Xiphophorus hellerii | Present | Introduced | | Kottelat et al. (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Melanoides tuberculata (red-rimmed melania) | Present | Native | | Jickeli (1874) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Tylenchulus semipenetrans (citrus root nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Chlorophyta | Ulva pertusa | Present | Native | | Weber van Bosse (1913); Coppejans and Prud'homme van Reine (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Deparia petersenii subsp. petersenii (Petersen’s lady fern) | Present | Native | | Kato (1984) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Lygodium japonicum (Japanese climbing fern) | Present | Native | | Wardani and Jaenudin (2014); Maideen et al. (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon indicum (country mallow) | Present | Native | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia angustissima (prairie acacia) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia crassicarpa (northern wattle) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia glauca (wild dividivi) | Present | Introduced | | AVH (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acmella uliginosa (marsh para cress) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia chinensis (Chinese albizia) | Present, Planted | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia procera (white siris) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alocasia macrorrhizos (giant taro) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus dubius (spleen amaranth) | Present | Introduced | | Palmer (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Averrhoa bilimbi (bilimbi) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa tuldoides (punting pole bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Barringtonia asiatica (sea poison tree) | Present | Native | | Govaerts and Tulig (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Basella alba (malabar spinach) | Present | Introduced | | WCSP (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia variegata (mountain ebony) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa bladhii (Caucasian bluestem) | Present | | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bougainvillea spectabilis (great bougainvillea) | Present | Introduced | | Hakim and Hong SunKee (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brachypodium sylvaticum (slender false brome) | Present | Native | | Veldkamp and Vanscheindelen (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calliandra houstoniana var. calothyrsus (calliandra) | Present | Introduced | | Mendra et al. (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia gladiata (sword bean) | Present | Introduced | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum) | Present | | | Lock and Ford (2004); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia javanica (pink shower) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cheilocostus speciosus (crepe ginger ) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clitoria ternatea (butterfly-pea) | Present | | | ILDIS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears) | Present | Introduced | | Heim (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cosmos caudatus (wild cosmos) | Present | Introduced | | Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria retusa (rattleweed) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon nardus (citronella grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium annulatum (Kleberg's bluestem) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria bicornis (Asian crabgrass) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea alata (white yam) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa colona (junglerice) | Present | | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Epipremnum pinnatum (centipede tongavine) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis atrovirens (thalia lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Etlingera elatior (torch ginger) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia neriifolia (Indian spurge tree) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus benjamina (weeping fig) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus microcarpa (Indian laurel tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014); WBN Flora Database (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia lineata (wild hops) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia strobilifera (wild hops) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Kostermans et al. (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera tinctoria (true indigo) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea alba (white moonflower ) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (bush morning glory) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Atlas of Living Australia (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea indica (ocean blue morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea nil (white edge morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea quamoclit (cypress vine) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum multiflorum (star jasmine) | Present | Introduced | | Santika (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed) | Present | Native | | Beentje and Lansdown (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonurus japonicus (honeyweed) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lespedeza cuneata (sericea lespedeza) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose) | Present | | | Raven (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia octovalvis (primrose willow) | Present | | | Raven (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Macaranga tanarius (parasol leaf tree) | Present | Native | | Airy Shaw (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mangifera indica (mango) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Manilkara zapota (sapodilla) | Present | Introduced | | Coronel (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia umbellata (hogvine) | Present | Native | | Ooststroom and Hoogland (1953) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Microlaena stipoides (meadow rice grass, meadow ricegrass) | Present | Native | | Sutrisno (1993); Grassworld (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa diplotricha (giant sensitive plant) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); Parsons and Cuthbertson (1992); Anon (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant) | Present | Introduced | | Kostermans et al. (1987); Siregar et al. (1990) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moorochloa eruciformis (sweet signal grass) | Present | Introduced | | Veldkamp (1996) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murdannia nudiflora (doveweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Neyraudia reynaudiana (burma reed) | Present | Native | | Duistermaat (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ocimum tenuiflorum (holy basil) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paederia foetida (skunkvine) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Puff (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pandorea pandorana | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalidium geminatum (Egyptian paspalidium) | Present | Native | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum dilatatum (dallisgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora edulis (passionfruit) | Present | Introduced | | Gurnah (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phaius tankervilleae (nun’s-hood orchid) | Present | Native | | eMonocot (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phyllostachys aurea (golden bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plectranthus amboinicus (Indian borage) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plectranthus scutellarioides (coleus) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Poa annua (annual meadowgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pterocarpus indicus (red sandalwood) | Present | Native | | Barstow (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass) | Present | | | GBIF (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus niveus (Mysore raspberry) | Present | | | Stirton (1981) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus rosifolius (roseleaf raspberry) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sambucus canadensis (American black elderberry) | Present | Introduced | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania sesban (sesban) | Present | Native | | Craswell and Tangendjaja (1984) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria verticillata (bristly foxtail) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida acuta (sida) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | ASEAN-Biodiversity (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spathoglottis plicata (Philippine ground orchid) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta urticifolia (rattail) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Moldenke (1980) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Striga asiatica (witch weed) | Present | Native | | Kostermans et al. (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tephrosia candida (white tephrosia) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Themeda arguens (Christmas grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triadica sebifera (Chinese tallow tree) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | PROSEA (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tripsacum latifolium (wideleaf gamagrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa reptans (sprawling signalgrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vitex parviflora (molave) | Present | Native | | Lemmens et al. (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vitex rotundifolia (beach vitex) | Present | Native | | BO (2016); BRI (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vitex trifolia | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zoysia matrella (Manila grass) | Present | Native | | eMonocot (2016) |
Virus | | | Banana bunchy top virus (bunchy top of banana) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2014) |