Invasive Species Compendium

Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide

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Nusa Tenggara

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Nusa Tenggara

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List of Species

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The table lists the species recorded in the Compendium for this region(from the full species datasheets). It includes species that are invasive in this region, those for which there is no data on invasive status, and also species that are not invasive in the region but are reported as invasive elsewhere. This summary table is based on all the information available.When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the distribution record. For further information, please follow the link to the datasheet.

Domain Kingdom Phylum Species Distribution Origin Invasive References
BacteriaProteobacteriaCandidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (citrus greening)Present, WidespreadBové et al. (2000); EPPO (2014); CABI/EPPO (2017)
BacteriaProteobacteriacitrus huanglongbing (greening) disease (citrus greening)Present, WidespreadCABI/EPPO (2017); EPPO (2019)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaTrichoconiella padwickii (stackburn disease)PresentUK, CAB International (1984)
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaPhakopsora pachyrhizi (soyabean rust)PresentCABI and EPPO (2015)
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaPuccinia kuehnii (orange rust)PresentCABI and EPPO (2015)
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaUromycladium spp. that cause gall rusts (Acacia gall rusts)Present, WidespreadIntroducedInvasiveRahayu et al. (2010)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAdoretus sinicus (Chinese rose beetle)PresentUK, CAB International (1981); EPPO (2014)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAspidiotus destructor (coconut scale)PresentUK, CAB International (1966)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBactrocera carambolae (carambola fruit fly)PresentEPPO (2014)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBactrocera cucurbitae (melon fly)PresentInvasiveCABI and EPPO (2003); EPPO (2014)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly)Present, WidespreadEPPO (2014)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly)PresentBarro et al. (2008)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBrontispa longissima (coconut hispine beetle)PresentMohamedsaid (2009); EPPO (2014)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCharybdis helleriiPresent, WidespreadNativeLeene (1938); Stephenson (1972)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaChrysomya bezziana (Old World screw-worm)PresentNativeInvasiveWardhana et al. (2012); Wardhana et al. (2014)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCulex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito)Present, WidespreadInvasiveLee et al. (1989)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCylas formicarius (sweet potato weevil)PresentEPPO (2014)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDiaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid)PresentCABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2014)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaFerrisia virgata (striped mealybug)PresentKaydan and Gullan (2012)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHeteropsylla cubana (leucaena psyllid)PresentMiura (2004)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMaconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug)PresentWilliams (2004); EPPO (2014); CABI and EPPO (2015)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaOryctes rhinoceros (coconut rhinoceros beetle)PresentEPPO (2014)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPapilio demoleus (chequered swallowtail)PresentInvasiveMatsumoto (2002)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPhenacoccus solenopsis (cotton mealybug)PresentIntroducedGavrilovic and Curcic (2017)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaRastrococcus invadens (fruit tree mealybug)PresentEPPO (2014)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaRhynchophorus ferrugineus (red palm weevil)Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)EPPO (2014)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSolenopsis geminata (tropical fire ant)PresentEPPO (2014)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSpodoptera exempta (black armyworm)PresentEPPO (2014)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaVespa velutina (Asian hornet)PresentNativeArcher (2012)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaXylosandrus crassiusculus (Asian ambrosia beetle)PresentEPPO (2018)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataAmphiprionPresentNativeFroese and Pauly (2009)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataBos taurus (cattle)PresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataBubalus bubalis (Asian water buffalo)Present, Only in captivity/cultivationBorghese (2005)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataColumba livia (pigeons)PresentIntroducedInvasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataDicrurus macrocercusPresent, WidespreadNativeMacKinnon and Phillipps (2008)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataDuttaphrynus melanostictus (Asian common toad)PresentIntroducedDijk et al. (2016)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataEquus caballus [ISC] (horse)Present, LocalizedIntroducedGrubb (2005)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataRachycentron canadum (cobia)PresentNativeIUCN (2017)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataSus scrofa [ISC] (feral pig)PresentNativeIUCN (2012)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataTrichopodus trichopterus (three spot gourami)Present, WidespreadNativeKottelat et al. (1993)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataTyto alba (Barn owl)PresentNativeBruce (1999)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataXiphophorus helleriiPresentIntroducedKottelat et al. (1993)
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaMelanoides tuberculata (red-rimmed melania)PresentNativeJickeli (1874)
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaPomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail)Present, Few occurrencesIntroducedInvasiveCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaTylenchulus semipenetrans (citrus root nematode)Present, WidespreadEPPO (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeChlorophytaUlva pertusaPresentNativeWeber van Bosse (1913); Coppejans and Prud'homme van Reine (1992)
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaDeparia petersenii subsp. petersenii (Petersen’s lady fern)PresentNativeKato (1984)
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaLygodium japonicum (Japanese climbing fern)PresentNativeWardani and Jaenudin (2014); Maideen et al. (2004)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAbutilon indicum (country mallow)PresentNativePROTA (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia angustissima (prairie acacia)PresentIntroducedOrwa et al. (2009)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia crassicarpa (northern wattle)PresentIntroducedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia glauca (wild dividivi)PresentIntroducedAVH (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia mearnsii (black wattle)PresentIntroducedCABI (2005)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcmella uliginosa (marsh para cress)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAgeratum conyzoides (billy goat weed)PresentIntroducedPROTA (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlbizia chinensis (Chinese albizia)Present, PlantedNativeUSDA-ARS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlbizia procera (white siris)PresentNativeILDIS (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlocasia macrorrhizos (giant taro)PresentIntroducedGovaerts (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmaranthus dubius (spleen amaranth)PresentIntroducedPalmer (2009)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaArgemone mexicana (Mexican poppy)PresentIntroducedPROTA (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAverrhoa bilimbi (bilimbi)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBambusa tuldoides (punting pole bamboo)PresentIntroducedClayton et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBarringtonia asiatica (sea poison tree)PresentNativeGovaerts and Tulig (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBasella alba (malabar spinach)PresentIntroducedWCSP (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBauhinia variegata (mountain ebony)PresentIntroducedILDIS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBothriochloa bladhii (Caucasian bluestem)PresentClayton et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBougainvillea spectabilis (great bougainvillea)PresentIntroducedHakim and Hong SunKee (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBrachypodium sylvaticum (slender false brome)PresentNativeVeldkamp and Vanscheindelen (1989)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCaesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower)PresentNativeILDIS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCalliandra houstoniana var. calothyrsus (calliandra)PresentIntroducedMendra et al. (1995)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCanavalia gladiata (sword bean)PresentIntroducedPOWO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCassia fistula (Indian laburnum)PresentLock and Ford (2004); ILDIS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCassia javanica (pink shower)PresentNativeILDIS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCheilocostus speciosus (crepe ginger )PresentNativeGovaerts (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaChrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver)PresentNativeClayton et al. (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaClitoria ternatea (butterfly-pea)PresentILDIS (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCoix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears)PresentIntroducedHeim (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCosmos caudatus (wild cosmos)PresentIntroducedCentre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (2010)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCrotalaria retusa (rattleweed)PresentNativeILDIS (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCymbopogon nardus (citronella grass)Present, WidespreadIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)Present, WidespreadIntroducedInvasiveCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge)PresentNativeGovaerts (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge)PresentNativeGovaerts (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass)PresentNativeClayton et al. (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDichanthium annulatum (Kleberg's bluestem)PresentNativeClayton et al. (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDigitaria bicornis (Asian crabgrass)PresentNativeMissouri Botanical Garden (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDioscorea alata (white yam)PresentNativeGovaerts (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDioscorea bulbifera (air potato)PresentNativeGovaerts (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEchinochloa colona (junglerice)PresentClayton et al. (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEpipremnum pinnatum (centipede tongavine)PresentNativeGovaerts (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEragrostis atrovirens (thalia lovegrass)PresentNativeFlora of China Editorial Committee (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass)PresentNativeClayton et al. (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEtlingera elatior (torch ginger)PresentIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEuphorbia neriifolia (Indian spurge tree)PresentIntroducedGovaerts (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFicus benjamina (weeping fig)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFicus microcarpa (Indian laurel tree)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2014); WBN Flora Database (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis)PresentNativeGovaerts (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFlemingia lineata (wild hops)PresentNativeILDIS (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFlemingia strobilifera (wild hops)PresentNativeCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHydrilla verticillata (hydrilla)PresentNativeGovaerts (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaImperata cylindrica (cogon grass)Present, WidespreadNativeInvasiveKostermans et al. (1987)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIndigofera tinctoria (true indigo)PresentNativeILDIS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIpomoea alba (white moonflower )PresentIntroducedStaples (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIpomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (bush morning glory)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedAtlas of Living Australia (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIpomoea indica (ocean blue morning-glory)PresentIntroducedStaples (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIpomoea nil (white edge morning-glory)PresentIntroducedStaples (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIpomoea quamoclit (cypress vine)PresentIntroducedStaples (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIschaemum rugosum (saramollagrass)PresentNativeClayton et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaJasminum multiflorum (star jasmine)PresentIntroducedSantika (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed)PresentNativeBeentje and Lansdown (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLeonurus japonicus (honeyweed)PresentNativeGovaerts (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLespedeza cuneata (sericea lespedeza)PresentNativeILDIS (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLeucaena leucocephala (leucaena)PresentIntroducedCABI (2005)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLudwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose)PresentRaven (1963)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLudwigia octovalvis (primrose willow)PresentRaven (1963)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMacaranga tanarius (parasol leaf tree)PresentNativeAiry Shaw (1982)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMangifera indica (mango)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedPROTA (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaManilkara zapota (sapodilla)PresentIntroducedCoronel (1991)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMerremia umbellata (hogvine)PresentNativeOoststroom and Hoogland (1953)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMicrolaena stipoides (meadow rice grass, meadow ricegrass)PresentNativeSutrisno (1993); Grassworld (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMimosa diplotricha (giant sensitive plant)PresentIntroducedCABI (Undated); Parsons and Cuthbertson (1992); Anon (1995)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMimosa pudica (sensitive plant)PresentIntroducedKostermans et al. (1987); Siregar et al. (1990)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMoorochloa eruciformis (sweet signal grass)PresentIntroducedVeldkamp (1996)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMorinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry)PresentNativeGovaerts (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMurdannia nudiflora (doveweed)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaNeyraudia reynaudiana (burma reed)PresentNativeDuistermaat (2005)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOcimum tenuiflorum (holy basil)PresentNativeGovaerts (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaederia foetida (skunkvine)Present, WidespreadNativePuff (1991)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPandorea pandoranaPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaspalidium geminatum (Egyptian paspalidium)PresentNativeRoyal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass)PresentIntroducedClayton et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaspalum dilatatum (dallisgrass)PresentIntroducedMissouri Botanical Garden (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaspalum notatum (Bahia grass)PresentIntroducedClayton et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPassiflora edulis (passionfruit)PresentIntroducedGurnah (1991)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhaius tankervilleae (nun’s-hood orchid)PresentNativeeMonocot (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhyllostachys aurea (golden bamboo)PresentIntroducedClayton et al. (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhysalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry)PresentIntroducedGBIF (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPlectranthus amboinicus (Indian borage)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedGovaerts (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPlectranthus scutellarioides (coleus)PresentNativeGovaerts (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPoa annua (annual meadowgrass)PresentIntroducedClayton et al. (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPterocarpus indicus (red sandalwood)PresentNativeBarstow (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass)PresentGBIF (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRubus niveus (Mysore raspberry)PresentStirton (1981)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRubus rosifolius (roseleaf raspberry)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSambucus canadensis (American black elderberry)PresentIntroducedPOWO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSenna occidentalis (coffee senna)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedUSDA-ARS (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSesbania sesban (sesban)PresentNativeCraswell and Tangendjaja (1984)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSetaria verticillata (bristly foxtail)PresentMissouri Botanical Garden (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSida acuta (sida)PresentIntroducedInvasiveASEAN-Biodiversity (2002)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSpathoglottis plicata (Philippine ground orchid)PresentNativeGovaerts (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaStachytarpheta urticifolia (rattail)Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)Moldenke (1980)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaStriga asiatica (witch weed)PresentNativeKostermans et al. (1987)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTephrosia candida (white tephrosia)PresentNativeILDIS (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaThemeda arguens (Christmas grass)PresentNativeClayton et al. (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTriadica sebifera (Chinese tallow tree)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedPROSEA (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTripsacum latifolium (wideleaf gamagrass)PresentIntroducedClayton et al. (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaUrochloa reptans (sprawling signalgrass)PresentNativeClayton et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVitex parviflora (molave)PresentNativeLemmens et al. (1995)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVitex rotundifolia (beach vitex)PresentNativeBO (2016); BRI (2016); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVitex trifoliaPresentNativeGovaerts (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaZoysia matrella (Manila grass)PresentNativeeMonocot (2016)
VirusBanana bunchy top virus (bunchy top of banana)PresentCABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2014)

List of Species CSV Output

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Generate a spreadsheet of the List of Species which also includes records from basic datasheets.

Basic datasheets include data mined from various sources (including the CAB Abstracts database and selected invasive species databases). Further confirmation of distribution status should be sought before use.

Download CSV file

List of Animal Diseases

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The table lists the animal diseases recorded in the Compendium for this region (from the full disease datasheets). For further information, please follow the link to the datasheet.

Disease Distribution Origin Invasive References
anaplasmosisPresentTravassos Santos Dias (1988)
anthraxPresent, LocalizedMartindah and Wahyuwardani (1998)
babesiosisPresentNativeSukanto et al. (1993)
bluetonguePresent, WidespreadSendow et al. (1986)
Chrysomya bezziana infestationPresentNativeInvasiveWardhana et al. (2012); Wardhana et al. (2014)
fibropapillomatosis of sea turtlesPresent, WidespreadAdnyana et al. (1997)
hepatitis E virus infectionPresent, LocalizedWibawa et al. (2004); Widasari et al. (2013)
koi herpesvirus diseasePresentHaenen et al. (2004)
rotavirus infections in livestock and poultryPresentBrowning et al. (1992)

List of Animal Diseases CSV Output

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Generate a spreadsheet of the List of Animal Diseases which also includes records from basic datasheets.

Basic datasheets include data mined from various sources (including the CAB Abstracts database). Further confirmation of distribution status should be sought before use.

Download CSV file
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