Para

Datasheet

Para

Index

Summary

Last modified
19 November 2019

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List of Species

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The table lists the species recorded in the Compendium for this region(from the full species datasheets). It includes species that are invasive in this region, those for which there is no data on invasive status, and also species that are not invasive in the region but are reported as invasive elsewhere. This summary table is based on all the information available.When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the distribution record. For further information, please follow the link to the datasheet.

Domain	Kingdom	Phylum	Species	Distribution	Origin	Invasive	References
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato)	Present			EPPO (2020)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Xylella fastidiosa (Pierce's disease of grapevines)	Present			Poltronieri et al. (2005); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Ceratocystis fimbriata (Ceratocystis blight)	Present	Native		Deslandes (1944); Albuquerque et al. (1972); Muchovej et al. (1978); Ferreira et al. (2010); Harrington et al. (2011)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Panama disease of banana)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. elaeidis (fusarium wilt of oil palm)	Present			Lande (1984); UK, CAB International (1996); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Trinidade et al. (2002); Benchimol et al. (2010); CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Pseudocercospora ulei (South American leaf blight of rubber (SALB))	Present, Widespread	Native	Invasive	Hennings (1904); UK, CAB International (1990)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Basidiomycota	Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust)	Present			Hennen et al. (2005)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Basidiomycota	Moniliophthora perniciosa (witches' broom disease of cacao)	Present, Widespread			Wood and Lass (1985); CABI and EPPO (2002); Marelli et al. (2009); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Chytridiomycota	Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation			Schloegel et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm)	Present			Costa et al. (1982)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aleurocanthus woglumi (citrus blackfly)	Present			Pena et al. (2008); Silva et al. (2011); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aleurodicus cocois (coconut whitefly)	Present			Silva and Cavalcante (1977); Silva (1977)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Anastrepha obliqua (West Indian fruit fly)	Present	Native		Ohashi et al. (1997); CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Anastrepha serpentina (sapodilla fruit fly)	Present	Native		CABI (Undated); Uchôa and Nicácio (2010); Lemos et al. (2011); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Anastrepha striata (guava fruit fly)	Present	Native		Selivon and Morgante (1997); Malavasi and Zucchi (2000); CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	UK, CAB International (1969)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale)	Present			Foldi (1988); Claps et al. (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Brevipalpus phoenicis (false spider mite)	Present			Sousa et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	CABI and EPPO (2015); Araujo et al. (2016); EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Chrysomphalus aonidum (circular scale)	Present			UK, CAB International (1988); Claps et al. (2001); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale)	Present			Wolff and Corseuil (1993)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Coccinella septempunctata (seven-spot ladybird)	Present			Greathead (undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito)	Present, Widespread	Introduced		Heinemann and Belkin (1979)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid)	Present			CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Dysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug)	Present			UK, CAB International (1972)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Gymnandrosoma aurantianum (citrus fruit borer)	Present			Adamski and Brown (2001); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Gynaikothrips ficorum (Cuban laurel thrips)	Present			UK, CAB International (1983)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Haplaxius crudus (American palm cixiid)	Present			EPPO (2020); Silva et al. (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Helicoverpa zea (American cotton bollworm)	Present			EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Hemiberlesia lataniae (latania scale)	Present			UK, CAB International (1976)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer)	Present			Gumier-Costa (2009)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	UK, CAB International (1971)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug)	Present			EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Nezara viridula (green stink bug)	Present			UK, CAB International (1970); Vivan and Panizzi (2006)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm)	Present			UK, CAB International (1990); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Phenacoccus manihoti (cassava mealybug)	Present	Native		Matile-Ferrero (1977); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (mulberry scale)	Present			EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Rhynchophorus palmarum (South American palm weevil)	Present			EPPO (2020); Pinho et al. (2016)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Saissetia oleae (olive scale)	Present			UK, CAB International (1952)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Solenopsis geminata (tropical fire ant)	Present			EPPO (2020); Gotzek et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Spodoptera eridania (southern armyworm)	Present			EPPO (2020); CABI and EPPO (2006)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)	Present			EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Thaumastocoris peregrinus (bronze bug)	Present			Saliba et al. (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid)	Present			CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Xyleborus volvulus	Present	Native		Schedl (1973); Schedl (1976)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Bos taurus (cattle)	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Bubalus bubalis (Asian water buffalo)	Present, Widespread	Introduced		Cockrill (1977); Borghese (2005); Sheikh et al. (2006)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Columba livia (pigeons)	Present	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Didelphis marsupialis (common opossum)	Present, Widespread	Native		Caceres and Monteiro-Filho (2006)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Molothrus bonariensis (shiny cowbird)	Present	Native		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Piaractus brachypomus (pirapitinga)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Rana catesbeiana (American bullfrog)	Present	Introduced		Lima et al. (1999)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Rhinella marina (cane toad)	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Sus scrofa [ISC] (feral pig)	Present			Brazil Ministry of Agriculture (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Tyto alba (Barn owl)	Present	Native		Bruce (1999)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Achatina fulica (giant African land snail)	Present			EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Biomphalaria glabrata (marsh snail)	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Marisa cornuarietis (giant ramshorn)	Present			Simone (2006)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Melanoides tuberculata (red-rimmed melania)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Fernandez et al. (2003)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Helicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2003)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode)	Present			Freire and Freire (1978); CABI and EPPO (2003)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne hapla (root knot nematode)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2002)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode)	Present, Widespread			Freire (1976); CABI and EPPO (2002)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm)	Present, Widespread			Freire (1976); CABI and EPPO (2002)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus (red ring nematode)	Present			CHAVES BATISTA (1948); Schuiling and Dinther (1982); CABI and EPPO (1999); Silva et al. (2016); Silva et al. (2018); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Azolla filiculoides (water fern)	Present	Native		Reed (1962)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Blechnum appendiculatum (palm fern)	Present	Native		Dittrich et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Nephrolepis brownii (Asian swordfern)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Pteridium aquilinum (bracken)	Present	Native		Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern)	Present	Introduced		Flora do Brasil (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Thelypteris opulenta (jewelled maiden fern)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Flora do Brasil (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Abrus precatorius (rosary pea)	Present			Forzza (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acanthospermum australe (spiny-bur)	Present	Native		Lorenzi (1982); Carvalho et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acmella uliginosa (marsh para cress)	Present	Native		Mondin et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Aeschynomene americana (shyleaf)	Present	Native		Lima et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed)	Present	Native		Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Albizia niopoides (silk tree)	Present	Native		Iganci (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Allamanda cathartica (yellow allamanda)	Present	Native		Koch et al. (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed)	Present			Lorenzi (1982); Senna (2015); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed)	Present	Native		Senna (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth)	Present			Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Amaranthus viridis (slender amaranth)	Present			Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Annona muricata (soursop)	Present			Sousa et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Annona squamosa (sugar apple)	Present			Sousa et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Antigonon leptopus (coral vine)	Present	Introduced		Forzza RC et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit)	Present	Introduced		Romaniuc et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Averrhoa bilimbi (bilimbi)	Present	Introduced		Forzza RC et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Axonopus fissifolius	Present	Native		Instituto Agronómico Campinas (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Basella alba (malabar spinach)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Flora do Brasil (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bidens pilosa (blackjack)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Flora do Brasil (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bixa orellana (annatto)	Present	Native		Flora do Brasil (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Sá CFC (2015); Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Borreria latifolia (broadleaf buttonweed)	Present			Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bougainvillea spectabilis (great bougainvillea)	Present	Native		Sá CFC (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Brugmansia suaveolens (white angel's trumpet)	Present	Native		GBIF (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower)	Present	Introduced		Forzza (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Caladium bicolor (heart of Jesus)	Present	Native		Coelho et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Calopogonium caeruleum (jicama)	Present	Native		Lima (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo)	Present	Native		Lima (2013); Carvalho et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Calotropis procera (apple of sodom)	Present	Introduced		Forzza RC et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean)	Present			New York Botanical Garden (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cardiospermum grandiflorum (balloon vine)	Present	Native		Somner et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine)	Present	Native		Somner et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cascabela thevetia (yellow oleander)	Present	Native		Koch et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cassia grandis (pink shower)	Present	Native		Forzza (2010); USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cassytha filiformis (love-vine)	Present	Native		GBIF (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Koch et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cecropia peltata (trumpet tree)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ceratophyllum demersum (coontail)	Present			Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Chamaecrista nictitans (sensitive partridge pea)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed)	Present	Native		Gautier (1992)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cissus verticillata (possum grape vine)	Present	Native		Lombardi (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cleome rutidosperma (fringed spiderflower)	Present	Introduced		Marques (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clidemia hirta (Koster's curse)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cocos nucifera (coconut)	Present	Introduced		Henderson et al. (1995)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Conyza bonariensis (hairy fleabane)	Present	Native		Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cordia alliodora (Ecuador laurel)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cosmos sulphureus (sulphur cosmos)	Present	Introduced		Mondin (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Costus spicatus (spiked spiralflag ginger)	Present	Introduced		Couly (2004)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Crotalaria maypurensis (rattlebox weed)	Present	Native		Flores (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Crotalaria retusa (rattleweed)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Flores (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Crotalaria spectabilis (showy rattlepod)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Flores (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cryptostegia grandiflora (rubber vine)	Present	Introduced		Forzza RC et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cuphea hyssopifolia (false heather)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		SpeciesLink (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyanthillium cinereum (little ironweed)	Present	Introduced		Forzza RC et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyathula prostrata (pasture weed)	Present	Introduced		PROTA (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)	Present	Introduced		Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge)	Present			Carvalho et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus iria (rice flatsedge)	Present			Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge)	Present			Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Filgueiras and Valls (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Desmodium incanum (creeping beggerweed)	Present, Localized	Native	Invasive	Mitja and Miranda (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dieffenbachia seguine (dumb cane)	Present	Native		Reflora (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Digitaria bicornis (Asian crabgrass)	Present	Introduced		Flora do Brasil (2016); Carvalho et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Canto-Dorow (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Digitaria fuscescens (yellow crab grass)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Digitaria insularis (sourgrass)	Present			Carvalho et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dolichandra unguis-cati (cat's claw creeper)	Present	Native		Lohmann (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Drymaria cordata (tropical chickweed)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Carneiro (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dysphania ambrosioides (Mexican tea)	Present	Native		Senna (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Echinochloa colona (junglerice)	Present			Shirasuna (2014); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass)	Present	Introduced		Shirasuna (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Echinochloa pyramidalis	Present	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eichhornia azurea (anchored water hyacinth)	Present	Native		Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth)	Present	Native		Gopal (1987)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm)	Present, Planted			CABI (2005)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Elephantopus mollis (elephant's foot)	Present	Native		Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eleusine indica (goose grass)	Present	Introduced		Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Emilia fosbergii (Florida tassel-flower)	Present	Introduced		Moraes et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower)	Present			Borges and Teles (2015); Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Longhi-Wagner (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eragrostis plana (South African lovegrass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Zenni and Ziller (2011); Carvalho et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Erechtites hieraciifolius (American burnweed)	Present	Native		Flora do Brasil (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eriobotrya japonica (loquat)	Present, Planted	Introduced	Naturalized	Simão-Bianchini (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eucalyptus	Present			Saliba et al. (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum)	Present			Saliba et al. (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany)	Present, Planted			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Euphorbia hypericifolia (graceful spurge)	Present	Native		GBIF (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Euphorbia tithymaloides (devil's backbone)	Present	Native		Flora do Brasil (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Fimbristylis dichotoma (tall fringe rush)	Present			Carvalho et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Flemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia)	Present, Planted			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier)	Present			Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Gomphrena globosa (globe amaranth)	Present		Naturalized	Senna et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hedychium coronarium (white butterfly ginger lily)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Heliconia bihai (macaw flower)	Present	Native		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hevea brasiliensis (rubber)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Filgueiras et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hyptis brevipes (lesser roundweed)	Present	Native		Flora do Brasil (2018); Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hyptis suaveolens (pignut)	Present	Native		GBIF (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Indigofera hirsuta (hairy indigo)	Present			Forzza RC et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Indigofera suffruticosa (Anil indigo)	Present	Native		Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea alba (white moonflower )	Present	Native		Simão-Bianchini and Ferreira (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (bush morning glory)	Present	Native		Simão-Bianchini and Ferreira (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea hederifolia (scarlet-creeper )	Present	Native		Flora do Brasil (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea nil (white edge morning-glory)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Simão-Bianchini R and Ferreira PPA (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea purpurea (tall morning glory)	Present	Native		Simão-Bianchini and Ferreira (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea quamoclit (cypress vine)	Present	Native		Flora do Brasil (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Filgueiras (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ixora finlaysoniana (white jungle flame)	Present	Introduced		Flora do Brasil (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Jasminum multiflorum (star jasmine)	Present	Introduced		Reflora (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Justicia pectoralis (freshcut)	Present	Native		Profice et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lantana camara (lantana)	Present	Native		CABI (Undated); Carvalho et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leonotis nepetifolia (Christmas candlestick)	Present	Introduced		Reflora (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leptochloa mucronata (mucronate sprangletop )	Present			Missouri Botanical Garden (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lindernia crustacea (Malaysian false pimpernel)	Present	Introduced		Souza (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ludwigia grandiflora (water primrose)	Present			GBIF (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ludwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose)	Present	Native		GBIF (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mangifera indica (mango)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Silva-Luz and Pirani (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Manilkara zapota (sapodilla)	Present	Introduced		Almeida (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Alves and Xavier (1986)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Melicoccus bijugatus (Spanish lime)	Present	Native		Forzza RC et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Melinis repens (natal redtop)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Merremia aegyptia (hairy woodrose)	Present	Native		Simão-Bianchini and Ferreira (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Merremia cissoides (roadside woodrose)	Present	Native		Simão-Bianchini and Ferreira (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Merremia umbellata (hogvine)	Present	Native		Simão-Bianchini and Ferreira (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Miconia calvescens (miconia)	Present	Native		Meyer (1994); Forzza RC et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mimosa casta (graceful mimosa)	Present	Native		Forzza RC et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mimosa diplotricha (creeping sensitive plant)	Present	Native		Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant)	Present	Native		Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry)	Present	Introduced		Maio and Oliveira (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Murdannia nudiflora (doveweed)	Present	Introduced		Aona and Pellegrini (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mussaenda erythrophylla (red flag bush)	Present	Introduced		Zappi (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Nelsonia canescens (blue pussyleaf)	Present			Profice et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)	Present	Introduced		Forzza (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Oeceoclades maculata (monk orchid)	Present	Introduced		Forzza RC et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines)	Present	Introduced		Oliveira and Souza (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Oldenlandia lancifolia (calycose mille graines)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Oliveira and Souza (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Oryza rufipogon (wild rice)	Present			Ge Song et al. (1999)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pachira aquatica (pachira nut)	Present	Native		Duarte (2015); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pachira insignis (wild chestnut)	Present	Native		Flora do Brasil (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pachystachys coccinea (Cardinal's guard)	Present	Native		Profice et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass)	Present	Native		de Oliveira and Valls (2015); Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum densum (dense crowngrass)	Present	Native		Oliveira and Valls (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum dilatatum (dallisgrass)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum fasciculatum (bull grass)	Present	Native		Aliscioni (2002); Flora of Pakistan (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum millegrana (yerba brava)	Present	Native		Oliveira and Valls (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass)	Present	Native		Flora do Brasil (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum paniculatum (Russell River grass)	Present	Native		Oliveira and Valls (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum virgatum (sword grass)	Present	Native		Oliveira RC and de Valls JFM (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Passiflora edulis (passionfruit)	Present	Native		Cervi (1997)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pennisetum polystachion (mission grass)	Present	Introduced		Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	I3N-Brasil (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce)	Present	Native		Forzza RC et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Polycarpon tetraphyllum (fourleaf allseed)	Present	Introduced		Reflora (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Portulaca pilosa (kiss-me-quick)	Present	Native		Coelho and Giulietti (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Prosopis juliflora (mesquite)	Present, Planted			CABI (2005)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pterolepis glomerata (false meadowbeauty)	Present	Native		Roskov et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pueraria phaseoloides (tropical kudzu)	Present	Introduced		Forzza RC et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pycreus polystachyos	Present			Carvalho et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ricinus communis (castor bean)	Present, Planted	Introduced		Cordeiro (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rytidostylis carthagenensis	Present	Introduced		Hassler (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Samanea saman (rain tree)	Present, Planted	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sambucus canadensis (American black elderberry)	Present	Introduced		Jørgensen et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Schizolobium parahyba (Brazilian fern tree)	Present	Native		Flora do Brasil (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna alata (candle bush)	Present	Native		Flora do Brasil (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna bacillaris (whitebark senna)	Present	Native		Forzza (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna hirsuta (hairy senna)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna multijuga (November shower)	Present			USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod)	Present	Native		Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna occidentalis (coffee senna)	Present	Native		Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna siamea (yellow cassia)	Present	Introduced		Forzza RC et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna spectabilis (whitebark senna)	Present	Native		Forzza (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Setaria parviflora (knotroot foxtail)	Present	Native		Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Setaria verticillata (bristly foxtail)	Present	Introduced		Lorenzi (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sida acuta (sida)	Present	Native		Forzza RC et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sida linifolia (flaxleaf fanpetals)	Present			Missouri Botanical Garden (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum mammosum (nipplefruit nightshade)	Present	Introduced		Forzza (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Spermacoce verticillata (shrubby false buttonwood)	Present	Native		Lorenzi (1982); Carvalho et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sphagneticola trilobata (wedelia)	Present	Native		Forzza RC et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sporobolus tenuissimus (tropical dropseed)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Stachytarpheta cayennensis (blue snakeweed)	Present, Few occurrences	Native		USDA-ARS (2015); Carvalho et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sterculia apetala (Panama tree)	Present	Native		Flora do Brasil (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tamarindus indica (tamarind)	Present	Introduced		Lewis GP (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tephrosia candida (white tephrosia)	Present	Introduced		Brasil (1992)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Marquete and Loiola (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Thunbergia alata (black eyed Susan)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Profice et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Magenta (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Trachypogon spicatus (spiked crinkleawn)	Present	Native		Flora do Brasil (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Triplaris americana (ant tree)	Present	Native		Flora do Brasil (2016); USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Turbina corymbosa (Christmas vine)	Present	Native		Simão-Bianchini and Ferreira (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Typha domingensis (southern cattail)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Urena lobata (caesar weed)	Present	Native		Silva and Magalhaes (1981); Lorenzi (2000); Forzza RC et al. (2012); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Urochloa decumbens (signal grass)	Present	Introduced		Shirasuna (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Waltheria indica	Present			Carvalho et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Toxoplasma gondii	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Trypanosoma vivax	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
Virus			Citrus leprosis virus C (leprosis of citrus)	Present			Bitancourt (1940); CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2014)
Virus			Cowpea mild mottle virus (angular mosaic of beans)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2019)

List of Species CSV Output

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Generate a spreadsheet of the List of Species which also includes records from basic datasheets.

Basic datasheets include data mined from various sources (including the CAB Abstracts database and selected invasive species databases). Further confirmation of distribution status should be sought before use.

Download CSV file

List of Animal Diseases

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The table lists the animal diseases recorded in the Compendium for this region (from the full disease datasheets). For further information, please follow the link to the datasheet.

Disease	Distribution	References
bluetongue	Present, Widespread	CABI (Undated)
Chytridiomycosis	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Schloegel et al. (2009)
enzootic bovine leukosis	Present	Molnár et al. (1999)
leishmaniosis	Present	Lima et al. (2010)
rotavirus infections in livestock and poultry	Present, Widespread	Brandão et al. (2002)

List of Animal Diseases CSV Output

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Generate a spreadsheet of the List of Animal Diseases which also includes records from basic datasheets.

Basic datasheets include data mined from various sources (including the CAB Abstracts database). Further confirmation of distribution status should be sought before use.

Download CSV file

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Invasive Species Compendium

Datasheet

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Toolbox

Para

Index

Summary

Don't need the entire report?

List of Species

List of Species CSV Output

List of Animal Diseases

List of Animal Diseases CSV Output