Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Clavibacter michiganensis (bacterial canker of tomato) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (bacterial wilt of dry beans) | Present, Localized | | | Pawlowski and Hartman (2019); EPPO (2020); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Dermatophilus congolensis | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Bacteroidetes | Paenibacillus larvae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Bacillus anthracis | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris (yellow disease phytoplasmas) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Melissococcus plutonius | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma gallisepticum | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) type | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Anaplasma marginale | Present | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella abortus | Present | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella melitensis | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella ovis | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella suis | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Coxiella burnetii | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ehrlichia ruminantium | Present | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Escherichia coli | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Francisella tularensis | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pasteurella multocida | Present | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato) | Present | | | EPPO (2021) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 (bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella Abortusequi | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella enteritidis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella gallinarum | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella pullorum | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (bean blight) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis (bacterial leaf streak of grasses) | Present | | | EPPO (2014) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens (bacterial leaf streak of barley) | Present | | | Bragard and Verhoyen (1993); Bragard et al. (1995); CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Aphanomyces invadans | Present | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018); |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Peronosclerospora sorghi (sorghum downy mildew) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Milliano (1992) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora cinnamomi (Phytophthora dieback) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora infestans (Phytophthora blight) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1982) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Plasmopara viticola (grapevine downy mildew) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Bipolaris victoriae (Victoria blight of oats) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022); Herb IMI (1977); Herb IMI (1987); UK, CAB International (1990) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew of grasses and cereals) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2004) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Claviceps africana (ergot) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Angus (1965); Frederickson (1990); Milliano et al. (1991); CABI and EPPO (2006); Herb IMI (undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Claviceps fusiformis (pearl millet ergot) | Present | | | Thakur and King (1988); CABI and EPPO (2006); Herb IMI (undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Coniothyrium glycines (red leaf blotch) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Datnoff et al. (1986); Hartman and Sinclair (1988); UK, CAB International (1991); Hartman and Sinclair (1992); Hartman and Sinclair (1996); Tooley (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Diplodia seriata (grapevine trunk disease) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2005) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Guignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum pathotype (wheat blast) | Present | | | IPPC (2020); Tembo et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella gibsonii (needle blight of pine) | Present | | | Ivory (1994); UK, CAB International (1994); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella pini (Dothistroma blight) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Oidium anacardii (cashew powdery mildew) | Present | Introduced | | Ohler (1979); Shomari (1996); Mniu (1998); Nayar (1998) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Phomopsis vexans (Phomopsis blight of eggplant) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2008) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Pseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Seif and Hillocks (1993); UK, CAB International (1996) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Sphaeropsis sapinea (Sphaeropsis blight) | Present | | | Rees and Webber (1988); Herb IMI (undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soyabean rust) | Present | | | Javaid and Ashraf (1978); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia graminis (stem rust of cereals) | Present, Widespread | | | Mukwavi et al. (1991); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Acarapis woodi (honeybee mite) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aculops lycopersici (tomato russet mite) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aethina tumida | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Amblyomma variegatum (tropical bont tick) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidiella aurantii (red scale) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidiella orientalis (oriental yellow scale) | Present | | | NHM (1996) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidomytilus albus (tapioca scale) | Present | Introduced | | NHM (1984) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis craccivora (groundnut aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1983) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1968); Javaid et al. (1987); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI and EPPO (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bagrada hilaris (painted bug) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly) | Present | | | Berry et al. (2004); Abdullahi et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Boophilus microplus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea weevil) | Present, Widespread | | | Haines (1981) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) | Present, Localized | Native | | Munro (1953); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ceratitis rosa (Natal fruit fly) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cherax cainii (smooth marron) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Mikkola (1996) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cherax destructor (yabby) | Present | Introduced | | FAO-DIAS (2011); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cherax quadricarinatus (redclaw crayfish) | Present | Introduced | | FAO-DIAS (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chilo partellus (spotted stem borer) | Present | | | Sohati et al. (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysodeixis chalcites (golden twin-spot moth) | Present | Native | | UK, CAB International (1977); Pinhey (1979) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus aonidum (circular scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1969) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screw-worm) | Present | Native | Invasive | James (1947); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | Norris and Norris (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dacus bivittatus (fruit fly) | Present | | | White (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dacus ciliatus (lesser pumpkin fly) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2002); Munro (1984); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dinoderus minutus (bamboo borer) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1972); Ben-Dov (1994) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Eulachnus rileyi (pine needle aphid) | Present | Introduced | | Loyttyniemi (1979); Selander and Bubala (1983) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ferrisia virgata (striped mealybug) | Present | | | Kaydan and Gullan (2012); UK, CAB International (1966) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Glycaspis brimblecombei (red gum lerp psyllid) | Present | | | Chungu et al. (2017); Wondafrash et al. (2020); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hemiberlesia lataniae (latania scale) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hemiberlesia rapax (greedy scale (USA)) | Present | | | NHM (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1971); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Insignorthezia insignis (greenhouse orthezia) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1957) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza huidobrensis (serpentine leafminer) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022); Williams (1996) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid) | Present | Introduced | | UK, CAB International (1984) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Mononychellus tanajoa (cassava green mite) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1979); Remaudiere and Autrique (1985); Millar (1994) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nezara viridula (green stink bug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1970) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nipaecoccus viridis (spherical mealybug) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nomadacris septemfasciata (red locust) | Present, Widespread | | | Griffini (1897); UVAROV (1923); Lewin (1933); Uvarov (1953) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Orseolia oryzivora (African rice gall midge) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1984) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oryzaephilus surinamensis (saw toothed grain beetle) | Present | | | Champ and Dyte (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (cotton, seed bug) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pheidole megacephala (big-headed ant) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phenacoccus manihoti (cassava mealybug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chakupurakal et al. (1994); Zeddies et al. (2001); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phoracantha recurva (eucalyptus longhorned borer) | Present | Introduced | | Ivory (1977); Loyttyniemi (1983); Selander and Bubala (1983); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phoracantha semipunctata (eucalyptus longhorned borer) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phthorimaea absoluta (tomato leafminer) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022); IPPC (2016); IPPC (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phthorimaea operculella (potato tuber moth) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pineus pini (pine woolly aphid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug) | Present | | | NHM (1967); CABI and EPPO (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1967) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crayfish) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Prostephanus truncatus (larger grain borer) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Hodges and Pike (1995); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus zeamais (greater grain weevil) | Present | | | Champ and Dyte (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitotroga cerealella (grain moth) | Present, Widespread | | | Champ and Dyte (1977); Hindmarsh and MacDonald (1980) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera exempta (black armyworm) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1972); Haggis (1984); Rose et al. (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | IPPC (2017); Day et al. (2017); Sun JiaWei et al. (2021); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera littoralis (cotton leafworm) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1967); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sternochetus mangiferae (mango seed weevil) | Present | | | Chilembo (2002); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) | Present | | | International Institute of Entomology (1996) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Thaumastocoris peregrinus (bronze bug) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Thaumatotibia leucotreta (false codling moth (FCM)) | Present | Native | | CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trioza erytreae (African citrus psyllid) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trogoderma granarium (khapra beetle) | Present | Introduced | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus volvulus | Present | Introduced | | Beaver and Löyttyniemi (1985) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Zaprionus tuberculatus | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Alopochen aegyptiaca (Egyptian goose) | Present | Native | | BirdLife International (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Astatoreochromis alluaudi (Alluaud's haplo) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bos taurus (cattle) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Capra hircus (goats) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Chrysemys picta (painted turtle) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Clarias gariepinus | Present | Native | | Beveridge and Haylor (1998) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Columba livia (pigeons) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) | Absent | | | Seebens et al. (2017); FAO (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cyprinus carpio (common carp) | Absent | | | Costa Pierce et al. (1993); FAO (1996); Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2021) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Gambusia affinis (western mosquitofish) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2010); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Lepomis cyanellus (green sunfish) | Present | Introduced | | Welcomme (1988); Froese R and Pauly D (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) | Absent, Formerly present | | | CABI (Undated); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Micropterus dolomieu (smallmouth bass) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Losse (1998); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis aureus (blue tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia) | Present | Native | | Pullin et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Schwank (1995); Froese and Pauly (2004); Tweddle (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Passer domesticus (house sparrow) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Poecilia reticulata (guppy) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Audenaerde (1994) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Protopterus aethiopicus aethiopicus (marbled lungfish) | Present | Native | | SAIAB (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Quelea quelea (weaver bird) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Dowsett et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Threskiornis aethiopicus (sacred ibis) | Present | Native | | Hoyo et al. (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tinca tinca (tench) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tyto alba (Barn owl) | Present | Native | | Bruce (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Varanus niloticus (Nile monitor) | Present | Native | | Bayless (2002); Spawls et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Xiphophorus hellerii | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Corbicula fluminalis | Present, Localized | Native | | Daget (1998) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Aphelenchoides besseyi (rice leaf nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Helicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode) | Present | | | Martin (1958); Siddiqi (1973); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Keetch and Buckley (1984); CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI and EPPO (2002); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Pratylenchus coffeae (banana root nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Keetch and Buckley (1984); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Trichinella | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus granulosus | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus multilocularis | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Gyrodactylus salaris | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila psittaci | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Chlorophyta | Ulva reticulata (ribbon sea lettuce) | Present | | | Msuya et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Azolla filiculoides (water fern) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Azolla pinnata (mosquito fern) | Present, Localized | Native | | Dyer et al. (1963); Johns (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Ceratopteris thalictroides (watersprite) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Christella dentata (soft fern) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Lygodium microphyllum (old world climbing fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteridium aquilinum (bracken) | Present | Native | | Lawton (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia auriculata (giant salvinia) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Hyde et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia molesta (kariba weed) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Mitchell and Tur (1975); ISSG (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia angustissima (prairie acacia) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Kuntashula and Mafongoya (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia crassicarpa (northern wattle) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia dealbata (acacia bernier) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia hockii | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008); ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia karroo (sweet thorn) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mellifera (blackthorn) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019); ILDIS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia nilotica (gum arabic tree) | Present, Planted | Native | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia polyacantha (hook thorn) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia saligna (coojong) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Weeds of Australia (2016); ILDIS (2007); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthospermum hispidum (bristly starbur) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Achyranthes aspera (devil's horsewhip) | Present, Widespread | | | Verma (1983) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acrocarpus fraxinifolius (shingle tree) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aeschynomene americana (shyleaf) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aeschynomene fluitans (giant sensitive fern) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave americana (century plant) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave sisalana (sisal hemp) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed) | Present | | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum houstonianum (Blue billygoatweed) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alectra vogelii (yellow witchweed) | Present, Localized | Native | | Philcox (1990) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1991); Smith (1998); PROTA (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alysicarpus vaginalis (alyce clover) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus blitum (livid amaranth) | Present | | | Townsend (1988); PROTA (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus dubius (spleen amaranth) | Present | Introduced | | Grubben (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus hybridus (smooth pigweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Townsend (1988); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus viridis (slender amaranth) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Anredera cordifolia (Madeira vine) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Antigonon leptopus (coral vine) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy) | Present | Introduced | | Terry and Michieka (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arthraxon hispidus (small carpetgrass) | Present | Native | | Flora Zambesiaca (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus asparagoides (bridal creeper) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus setaceus (asparagus fern) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Austrocylindropuntia subulata (Eve’s needle cactus) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Azadirachta indica (neem tree) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Balanites aegyptiaca (simple-thorned torchwood) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Basella alba (malabar spinach) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia monandra (Napoleon's plume) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia purpurea (purple bauhinia) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia tomentosa (yellow bauhinia) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia variegata (mountain ebony) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bidens pilosa (blackjack) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); GRIIS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bixa orellana (annatto) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia coccinea (scarlet spiderling) | Present | Introduced | | Whitehouse (1996); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa bladhii (Caucasian bluestem) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica juncea (mustard) | Present | Introduced | | Warwick and Francis (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brugmansia suaveolens (white angel's trumpet) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi (lavender-scallops) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bryophyllum proliferum (blooming boxes) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush) | Present | Introduced | | Aluka African Plants (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Buddleja madagascariensis (smokebush) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia decapetala (Mysore thorn) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calliandra houstoniana var. calothyrsus (calliandra) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Callisia fragrans (basketplant) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Callisia repens (creeping inch-plant) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calotropis procera (apple of sodom) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia gladiata (sword bean) | Present | Introduced | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canna indica (canna lilly) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canna x generalis (canna lily) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Capsicum baccatum (pepper) | Present | | | Flora Zambesiaca (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardiospermum grandiflorum (balloon vine) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine) | Present | | | PROTA (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cascabela thevetia (yellow oleander) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina cunninghamiana (Australian beefwood) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina glauca (scaly oak (Australia)) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar) | Present | | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus biflorus (Indian sandbur) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass) | Present | Native | | Cook et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cereus jamacaru (Queen of the Night) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cestrum elegans (purple cestrum) | Present | | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cestrum nocturnum (night jessamine) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chenopodium album (fat hen) | Present | | | Brenan (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chenopodium murale (nettleleaf goosefoot) | Present | | | Brenan (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2020); USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris virgata (feather finger grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantium (sour orange) | Present | | | FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome rutidosperma (fringed spiderflower) | Present | Native | | Wild (1960); Elffers et al. (1964); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clitoria ternatea (butterfly-pea) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Colocasia esculenta (taro) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina benghalensis (wandering jew) | Present, Localized | | | Wilson (1981); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina diffusa (spreading dayflower) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Corymbia citriodora (lemon-scented gum) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cosmos sulphureus (sulphur cosmos) | Present | Introduced | | Jansen (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crassocephalum crepidioides (redflower ragleaf) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crocosmia aurea | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cryptostegia grandiflora (rubber vine) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cryptostegia madagascariensis (Madagascar rubbervine) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cucumis anguria (West Indian gherkin) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-NRCS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuscuta campestris (field dodder) | Present | Introduced | | Goncalves (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyathula prostrata (pasture weed) | Present | Native | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) | Present | | | Chisowa et al. (1998) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon nlemfuensis (African Bermuda-grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon plectostachyus (African stargrass) | Present | Introduced | | Phillips (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1977); Terry and Michieka (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus papyrus (papyrus) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); Zambian Alien Invasive Species (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dactyloctenium australe | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dalbergia melanoxylon (African blackwood) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dalbergia sissoo | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura stramonium (jimsonweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Bolnick (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Delonix regia (flamboyant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); ILDIS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Desmodium uncinatum (Silver-leaf desmodium) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium annulatum (Kleberg's bluestem) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium aristatum (angelton bluestem) | Present | Introduced | | Encyclopedia of Life (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichrostachys cinerea (sickle bush) | Present | Native | | World Agroforestry Centre (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria abyssinica (East African couchgrass) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria eriantha (pangola grass) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria longiflora (false couch grass) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); Parker (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria velutina (velvet fingergrass) | Present, Localized | | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea alata (white yam) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea cayenensis (Guinea yam) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | | Wilkin (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dolichandra unguis-cati (cat's claw creeper) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dovyalis caffra (kei apple) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dracaena fragrans (corn plant) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Drymaria cordata (tropical chickweed) | Present | Introduced | | Wild (1961); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Duranta erecta (golden dewdrop) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017); Flora of Zambia (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dysphania ambrosioides (Mexican tea) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa colona (junglerice) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa pyramidalis | Present | Native | | Clayton (1989); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Bennett (1972); Hill (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eleocharis dulcis (Chinese water chestnut) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elephantopus mollis (elephant's foot) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eleusine indica (goose grass) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emex australis (Doublegee) | Present | Introduced | | Terry and Michieka (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia coccinea (scarlet tasselflower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Entada gigas (sea-bean) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis atrovirens (thalia lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis ciliaris (gophertail lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis curvula (weeping lovegrass) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis lehmanniana (Lehmann lovegrass) | Present | Native | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis plana (South African lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Cope (1999); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erigeron karvinskianus (Karwinsky’s fleabane) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Lisowski (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus | Present | | | Chungu et al. (2017); Nakabonge et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2015); Chungu et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus globulus (Tasmanian blue gum) | Present, Planted | | | Chungu et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus paniculata (grey ironbark) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eugenia uniflora (Surinam cherry) | Present | | | GBIF (2013); The Plant List (2010); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia tirucalli (Indian-tree spurge) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flacourtia indica (governor's plum) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Furcraea foetida (Mauritius hemp) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galinsoga quadriradiata (shaggy soldier) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gmelina arborea (candahar) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphrena globosa (globe amaranth) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Grevillea robusta (silky oak) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hedychium flavescens (wild ginger) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Helianthus annuus (sunflower) | Present | | | FAO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium indicum (Indian heliotrope) | Present | | | Martins (1990) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium supinum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heteropogon contortus (spear grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heterotis rotundifolia (pink lady) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hibiscus trionum (Venice mallow) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016); Pieterse (1981) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hydrocotyle ranunculoides (floating pennywort) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hylocereus undatus (dragon fruit) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis spicigera (black sesame) | Present | | | Roskov et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis suaveolens (pignut) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Impatiens walleriana (busy lizzy) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera hirsuta (hairy indigo) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera spicata (creeping indigo) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera tinctoria (true indigo) | Present | Native | | Bisby et al. (1994); USDA-ARS (2013); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera trita (Asian indigo) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea aquatica (swamp morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | | Gunn and Ritchie (1982); Astle et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morning glory) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea carnea | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (bush morning glory) | Present | Introduced | | Lejoly and Lisowski (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea hederifolia (scarlet-creeper ) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea indica (ocean blue morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea nil (white edge morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea ochracea (fence morning-glory) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea purpurea (tall morning glory) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jacaranda mimosifolia (jacaranda) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum dichotomum (Gold Coast jasmine) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum fluminense (Brazilian jasmine) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum multiflorum (star jasmine) | Present | Introduced | | Bingham et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha curcas (jatropha) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Brundu and Camarda (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe beharensis (elephant’s ear kalanchoe) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe daigremontiana (devil's backbone) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe delagoensis (chandelier plant) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe pinnata (cathedral bells) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Wickens (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagarosiphon major (African elodea) | Present | Native | | ISSG (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lantana camara (lantana) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna perpusilla (duckweed) | Present | | | GBIF (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonotis nepetifolia (Christmas candlestick) | Present | Native | | Bingham et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa fusca (sprangletop) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018); GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena diversifolia | Present | Introduced | | Holden et al. (1988); World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); CABI (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Limnobium laevigatum (South American spongeplant) | Present | Native | | Bingham et al. (2016); Howard et al. (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia octovalvis (primrose willow) | Present | | | Raven (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia palustris (marsh seedbox) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Maesopsis eminii (umbrella tree) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mangifera indica (mango) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Naturalized | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melia azedarach (Chinaberry) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis minutiflora (molasses grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis repens (natal redtop) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia aegyptia (hairy woodrose) | Present | Native | | Gonçalves (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Leavold et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock flower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); PROTA (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Momordica balsamina (common balsam apple) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014); Jeffrey (1978) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moorochloa eruciformis (sweet signal grass) | Present | Native | | Bingham et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moringa oleifera (horse radish tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | PROTA (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Morus alba (mora) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrot's feather) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Environmental Council of Zambia (2004); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myriophyllum spicatum (spiked watermilfoil) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nelsonia canescens (blue pussyleaf) | Present | Native | | Pickering and Roe (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Neonotonia wightii (perennial soybean) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicandra physalodes (apple of Peru) | Present | | | Bolnick (1995); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nymphaea lotus (white Egyptian lotus) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ocimum gratissimum (African basil) | Present | Native | | WCSP (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ocimum tenuiflorum (holy basil) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oeceoclades maculata (monk orchid) | Present | Native | | Garay and Taylor (1976) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia lancifolia (calycose mille graines) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (wild olive) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. undulatifolius (wavyleaf basketgrass) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia monacantha (common prickly pear) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oryza barthii | Present | Native | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oryza longistaminata (perennial wild rice) | Present | | | Fernandes et al. (1971) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Bingham et al. (2013); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis latifolia (sorrel) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalidium geminatum (Egyptian paspalidium) | Present | Native | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum dilatatum (dallisgrass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum scrobiculatum (ricegrass paspalum) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003); Douthwaite (1978); Smith (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora edulis (passionfruit) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014); PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (banana passionfruit) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu grass) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); Clayton (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum macrourum (African feather grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum pedicellatum (deenanath grass) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Heper (1972); Poilecot (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum polystachion (mission grass) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum setaceum (fountain grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phragmites australis (common reed) | Present | Native | | Launert (1971) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis angulata (cutleaf groundcherry) | Present | Introduced | | Mairura (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pimenta dioica (allspice) | Present | | | FAO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine) | Present | Introduced | | FAO (2001); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus elliottii (slash pine) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus oocarpa (ocote pine) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus patula (Mexican weeping pine) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Holm et al. (1979); Diop (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Poa annua (annual meadowgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2014); Launert (1971) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pontederia cordata (pickerel weed) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca oleracea (purslane) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium guajava (guava) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rauvolfia caffra (quinine tree ) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rhamphicarpa fistulosa | Present | | | Hansen (1975); Philcox (1990); Mielcarek (1996); EAH (2013); USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ricinus communis (castor bean) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1977); Millhollon and Burner (1993); Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus niveus (Mysore raspberry) | Present | Introduced | | Kew Herbarium Catalogue (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus rosifolius (roseleaf raspberry) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sacciolepis indica (glen woodgrass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salvia coccinea (scarlet sage) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Samanea saman (rain tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sambucus nigra (elder) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sansevieria hyacinthoides (African bowstring hemp) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senecio vulgaris | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna alata (candle bush) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna didymobotrya (African senna) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna multijuga (November shower) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna septemtrionalis (smooth senna) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna siamea (yellow cassia) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2007); Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna spectabilis (whitebark senna) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania punicea (red sesbania) | Present | Introduced | | Lock (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania sesban (sesban) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Jamnadass et al. (2005); ILDIS (2014); USDA-ARS (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria palmifolia (palm grass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria verticillata (bristly foxtail) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); Clayton (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida acuta (sida) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida linifolia (flaxleaf fanpetals) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2016); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum campylacanthum (bitter apple) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum seaforthianum (Brazilian nightshade) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum torvum (turkey berry) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus asper (spiny sow-thistle) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) | Present, Widespread | | | Terry and Michieka (1987); USDA-ARS (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree) | Present | Native | | ICRAF (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sphagneticola trilobata (wedelia) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus africanus (rat’s tail grass) | Present | Native | | eMonocot (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus pyramidalis (giant rat’s tail grass) | Present | | | eMonocot (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Jamaica vervain) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Striga asiatica (witch weed) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); Mohamed et al. (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Striga gesnerioides (cowpea witchweed) | Present | | | Hepper (1990); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Striga hermonthica (witchweed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Synedrella nodiflora (synedrella) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1997); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tabebuia heterophylla (pink trumpet tree) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tagetes minuta (stinking Roger) | Present | Introduced | | Terry and Michieka (1987); Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tamarindus indica (tamarind) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tecoma capensis (Cape honeysuckle) | Present | Native | | PROTA (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tecoma stans (yellow bells) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tectona grandis (teak) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tephrosia vogelii (Vogel's tephrosia) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tetragonia tetragonioides (New Zealand spinach) | Present | Introduced | | Grubben and Denton (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia grandiflora (Bengal trumpet) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Muoghalu and Chuba (2005); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tithonia rotundifolia (red sunflower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Muoghalu (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Toona ciliata (toon) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trachypogon spicatus (spiked crinkleawn) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia pallida (purple queen) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia spathacea (boat lily) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia zebrina (wandering jew) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trapa natans (waterchestnut) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triadica sebifera (Chinese tallow tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | GRIIS (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine) | Present | | | Launert (1963); Terry and Michieka (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tridax procumbens (coat buttons) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triumfetta rhomboidea (diamond burbark) | Present | Native | | Exell et al. (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha domingensis (southern cattail) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urena lobata (caesar weed) | Present | | Naturalized | Holm et al. (1979); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa panicoides (liverseed grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Utricularia gibba | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Veronica anagallis-aquatica (blue water speedwell) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Xanthium strumarium (common cocklebur) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zingiber officinale (ginger) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Bingham et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ziziphus mauritiana (jujube) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Nyoka (2002) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Plasmodium relictum | Present | Native | | Peirce (1984) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Theileria parva | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Tritrichomonas foetus | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma congolense | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma equiperdum | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma evansi | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Aregawi et al. (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma vivax | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Virus | | | African cassava mosaic virus (African cassava mosaic) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022); Were et al. (2003); Chikoti et al. (2015); Mulenga et al. (2016) |
Virus | | | African horse sickness virus | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2004); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | African swine fever virus | Present | | | OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | avian infectious bronchitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Avipoxvirus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Banana bunchy top virus (bunchy top of banana) | Present, Localized | | | Gondwe et al. (2007); CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | bluetongue virus | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | bovine herpesvirus 1 | Present | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | bovine leukemia virus | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | bovine viral diarrhea virus | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | camelpox virus | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Cassava brown streak viruses (cassava brown streak disease) | Present | | | IPPC (2020); Mulenga et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Cassava mosaic disease (African cassava mosaic) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI and EPPO (1998); Mulenga et al. (2016) |
Virus | | | classical swine fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus | Present, Widespread | | | CABI and EPPO (2010); Mulenga et al. (2020) |
Virus | | | Cowpea mild mottle virus (angular mosaic of beans) | Present | | | Kannaiyan (1990); CABI and EPPO (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | duck hepatitis A virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | East African cassava mosaic virus | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Mulenga et al. (2016); Chikoti et al. (2013); Chikoti et al. (2015) |
Virus | | | eastern equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | equine arteritis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | equine infectious anaemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | equine influenzavirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | foot-and-mouth disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | fowlpox virus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | infectious bursal disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | infectious salmon anemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | influenza A virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Japanese encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | lumpy skin disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Maize dwarf mosaic virus (dwarf mosaic of maize) | Present | | | Toler et al. (1989); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Virus | | | Maize streak virus (streak disease of maize) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Virus | | | Nairobi sheep disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Newcastle disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Nipah virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMV) | Present | | | Ndunguru and Kapooria (1996); CABI and EPPO (2009) |
Virus | | | peste des petits ruminants virus | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | rabies virus | Present | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | red sea bream iridovirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Rift Valley fever virus | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | rinderpest virus | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Sugarcane mosaic virus (sugarcane mosaic) | Present | | | ISSCT (1989); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Suid herpesvirus 1 | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (internal cork disease of sweet potato) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2003); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | swine vesicular disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | transmissible gastroenteritis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | vesicular stomatitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | visna/maedi virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | West Nile virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | western equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Wheat streak mosaic virus (wheat streak) | Present | Introduced | | Kapooria and Ndunguru (2004); |