| | | Cucumis dipsaceus (hedgehog gourd) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Lata and Mittal (2015) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Clavibacter michiganensis (bacterial canker of tomato) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2009) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (sugarcane ratoon stunting disease) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Bacillus anthracis | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae (lethal yellowing (LY)) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) type | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma synoviae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Anaplasma marginale | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella abortus | Present | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella melitensis | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella suis | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Liberibacter africanus (African greening) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (1998); Shimwela et al. (2016); Roberts et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (citrus greening) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022); Shimwela et al. (2016); Roberts et al. (2017) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | citrus huanglongbing (greening) disease (citrus greening) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2019); Bové and Garnier (1994) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ehrlichia ruminantium | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Francisella tularensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pasteurella multocida | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pseudomonas cichorii (bacterial blight of endive) | Present, Widespread | | | Bradbury (1986); Testen et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi (oleander knot) | Present | | Invasive | Bradbury (1986); UK, CAB International (1987) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 (bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella gallinarum | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Taylorella equigenitalis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (cassava bacterial blight) | Present | | | Nyango (1979); Bradbury (1986); UK, CAB International (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (bean blight) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (banana xanthomonas wilt (BXW)) | Present, Localized | | | CABI/EPPO (2013); Mgenzi et al. (2006); Carter et al. (2010); Ivey et al. (2010); Hodgetts et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas citri (citrus canker) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis (bacterial leaf streak of grasses) | Present | | | EPPO (2014) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens (bacterial leaf streak of barley) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Peronosclerospora sorghi (sorghum downy mildew) | Present | Native | | Doggett (1970); UK, CAB International (1988); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Peronospora belbahrii (basil downy mildew) | Present | | | Riley (1960); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora infestans (Phytophthora blight) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1982) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora vignae (Phytophthora stem rot of cowpea) | Present, Widespread | | | Singh et al. (1982) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Plasmopara viticola (grapevine downy mildew) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew of grasses and cereals) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2004) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Claviceps africana (ergot) | Present | Introduced | | Milliano et al. (1991); Mansuetus (1995); CABI and EPPO (2006); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Claviceps fusiformis (pearl millet ergot) | Present | | | Mbwaga et al. (1993); Thakur and King (1988); CABI and EPPO (2006); Herb IMI (undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Colletotrichum acutatum (black spot of strawberry) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2010) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Coniothyrium glycines (red leaf blotch) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); UK, CAB International (1991) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Cyclaneusma minus (Cyclaneusma needle-cast) | Present | Introduced | | Millar and Minter (1980) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Diplodia seriata (grapevine trunk disease) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2005) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Panama disease of banana) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Fourie et al. (2009); CABI and EPPO (2015); Karangwa et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (Fusarium wilt) | Present, Widespread | | | UK, CAB International (1982); Hillocks (1984); Bridge et al. (1993); Assigbetse et al. (1994); Fernandez et al. (1994); Abo et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Gibberella circinata (pitch canker) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Gibberella indica (wilt of pigeon pea) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Gibberella xylarioides (coffee wilt) | Present, Localized | | | UK, CAB International (1970); Rutherford (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Guignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Sebasigari and Stover (1988); CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella gibsonii (needle blight of pine) | Present | | | Evans (1984); Ivory (1994); UK, CAB International (1994); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella pini (Dothistroma blight) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Oidium anacardii (cashew powdery mildew) | Present | | | Casulli (undated); Martin et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Phomopsis vexans (Phomopsis blight of eggplant) | Present | | | Riley (1960); CABI and EPPO (2008) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Pseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Seif and Hillocks (1993) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Sphaeropsis sapinea (Sphaeropsis blight) | Present | | | Riley (1960); Punithalingham and Waterston (1970); Herb IMI (undated); Sutton (undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Aecidium glycines | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Ebbels and Allen (1979) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soyabean rust) | Present | | | Murithi et al. (2014); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phellinus noxius (brown tea root disease) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1997) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia graminis (stem rust of cereals) | Present, Localized | | | HARDER et al. (1972); Mgonja (1991); Hale et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aceria guerreronis (coconut mite) | Present, Widespread | | | CRI/UNDP (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurocanthus woglumi (citrus blackfly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Mound and Halsey (1978); UK, CAB International (1995) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurodicus dispersus (whitefly) | Present | | | Guastella et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurotrachelus atratus (palm-infesting whitefly) | Present | | | Wosula et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Amblyomma variegatum (tropical bont tick) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anoplolepis gracilipes (yellow crazy ant) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidiella aurantii (red scale) | Present | | | Bohlen (1973); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidiella orientalis (oriental yellow scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1978) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidomytilus albus (tapioca scale) | Present | Introduced | | Bohlen (1973); UK, CAB International (1978); Nakahara (1982); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis craccivora (groundnut aphid) | Present | | | Bohlen (1973); UK, CAB International (1983) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1968) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Apis mellifera scutellata (africanized bee) | Present | Native | | Piereira and Chaud-Netto (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera cucurbitae (melon fly) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | CABI and EPPO (2003); White (2006); Mwatawala et al. (2010); Virgilio et al. (2010); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Mwatawala et al. (2004); Drew et al. (2005); Ekesi and Billah (2006); Mwatawala et al. (2006); White (2006); Mwatawala et al. (2007); CABI and EPPO (2008); Khamis et al. (2009); Mwatawala et al. (2009); Geurts et al. (2012); De Villiers et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera latifrons (Solanum fruit fly) | Present | | | Mwatawala et al. (2007); Mziray et al. (2010); Mziray et al. (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bagrada hilaris (painted bug) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly) | Present | | | CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); Delatte et al. (2011); Legg et al. (2014); Tajebe et al. (2015); Tajebe et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (MED) (silverleaf whitefly) | Present | | | Tajebe et al. (2015); Tajebe et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Boophilus microplus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Brevipalpus phoenicis (false spider mite) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cactoblastis cactorum (cactus moth) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Callosobruchus chinensis (Chinese bruchid) | Present, Widespread | | | Haines (1981) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea weevil) | Present, Widespread | | | Haines (1981) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Meyer (2000); Meyer et al. (2002); Mwatawala et al. (2009); CABI and EPPO (2015); Karsten et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ceratitis rosa (Natal fruit fly) | Present | Native | | Meyer et al. (2002); Mwatawala et al. (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ceroplastes destructor (white wax scale) | Present | | | NHM (1953); UK, CAB International (1960); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chilo partellus (spotted stem borer) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1989); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chilo suppressalis (striped rice stem borer) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus aonidum (circular scale) | Present | | | Bohlen (1973); UK, CAB International (1988); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale) | Present | | | Borchsenius (1966); UK, CAB International (1969) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screw-worm) | Present | Native | Invasive | Norris and Murray (1964); Hall et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cinara cupressi sensu lato (Cypress aphid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Ciesla (1991); Watson et al. (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Coccidohystrix insolita (eggplant mealybug) | Present | | | Veilleux et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Coptotermes sjostedti | Present | Native | | Harris (1966) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | Subra (1981) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cylas formicarius (sweet potato weevil) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1970); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dacus bivittatus (fruit fly) | Present | | | Mwatawala et al. (2015); White (2006); Mwatawala et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dacus ciliatus (lesser pumpkin fly) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2002); Munro (1984); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid) | Present | | | Shimwela et al. (2016); Rwomushana et al. (2017); Manrakhan et al. (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dinoderus minutus (bamboo borer) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Duponchelia fovealis (Southern European marshland pyralid) | Present | | | The International Barcode of Life Consortium (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1972); Bohlen (1973); Ben-Dov (1994) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Eulachnus rileyi (pine needle aphid) | Present | Introduced | | Massawe and Kisaka (1995) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Euwallacea piceus | Present | Introduced | | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ferrisia virgata (striped mealybug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966); Bohlen (1973); Ben-Dov (1994) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Forficula auricularia (European earwig) | Present | | | Steinmann (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Glycaspis brimblecombei (red gum lerp psyllid) | Present | | | Petro et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gonipterus scutellatus (eucalyptus snout beetle) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Harmonia axyridis (harlequin ladybird) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Nedvěd and Háva (2016); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) | Present | | | Berg et al. (1990); UK, CAB International (1993); Minja et al. (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (black tea thrips) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1961) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hemiberlesia lataniae (latania scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1976); Mitchell and Ironside (1982) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hemiberlesia rapax (greedy scale (USA)) | Present | | | NHM (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Heteropsylla cubana (leucaena psyllid) | Present | | | FAO (1994) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer) | Present | | | Fernie and Langley (1966); Cristancho et al. (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1971); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Insignorthezia insignis (greenhouse orthezia) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1957) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Leptocybe invasa (blue gum chalcid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Roux (2005); CABI and EPPO (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza huidobrensis (serpentine leafminer) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza sativae (vegetable leaf miner) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer) | Present | | | Deeming (1992); CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug) | Present | Introduced | | Williams (1986); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid) | Present | Introduced | | UK, CAB International (1984) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Maliarpha separatella (African white rice borer) | Present | | | Nye (1960) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Mononychellus tanajoa (cassava green mite) | Present, Widespread | | | Markham et al. (1987); Yaninek (1988); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1979); Remaudiere and Autrique (1985); Millar (1994); Nono-Womdim et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nezara viridula (green stink bug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1970); Bohlen (1973) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nipaecoccus viridis (spherical mealybug) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2005); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nomadacris septemfasciata (red locust) | Present, Widespread | | | Anderson (1911); Morstatt (1913); Miller (1925); Miller (1929); Harris (1933); Symmons (1959); Robertson and Chapman (1962); Anderson (1964) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Orseolia oryzivora (African rice gall midge) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (cotton, seed bug) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Samy (1969); Luhanga and Kayange (1979) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paracoccus marginatus (papaya mealybug) | Present | | | IITA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paratrechina longicornis (crazy ant) | Present | | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm) | Present | | | Kabissa (1990); UK, CAB International (1990); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Penaeus monodon (giant tiger prawn) | Present | Native | | Holthuis (1980); Dore and Frimodt (1987) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pheidole megacephala (big-headed ant) | Present | Native | Invasive | Wheeler (1922) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phenacoccus manihoti (cassava mealybug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Herren and Neuenschwander (1991); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phryneta leprosa | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phthorimaea absoluta (tomato leafminer) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | IPPC (2018); Chidege et al. (2016); Rakha et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phthorimaea operculella (potato tuber moth) | Present | | | Parker and Hunt (1989); CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phyllocnistis citrella (citrus leaf miner) | Present | | | Bohlen (1973); UK, CAB International (1986); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pineus boerneri (pine woolly aphid) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pineus pini (pine woolly aphid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Madoffe and Austarǻ (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug) | Present | | | De Lotto (1964); CABI and EPPO (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Planococcus kenyae (coffee mealybug) | Present, Localized | | | De Lotto (1964); Pelley (1968); Bohlen (1973); Cox (1989); CABI and EPPO (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1967) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Polyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mite) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1986) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Portunus segnis | Present | Native | | Kyomo (1999); Stephenson (1972) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Prostephanus truncatus (larger grain borer) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Hodges (1986); UK, CAB International (1995); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (mulberry scale) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Quadrastichus erythrinae (Erythrina gall wasp) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Raoiella indica (red palm mite) | Present | | | Zannou et al. (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer) | Present | | | Hodges et al. (1983) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Saissetia oleae (olive scale) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Scirtothrips aurantii (South African citrus thrips) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Scyphophorus acupunctatus (agave weevil) | Present | | | Harris (1934); Harris (1936); Harris (1943); Lock (1958); Wienik (1967); MATERU and HOPKINSON (1969); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus oryzae (lesser grain weevil) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus zeamais (greater grain weevil) | Present | | | Champ and Dyte (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitotroga cerealella (grain moth) | Present | | | Henckes (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera exempta (black armyworm) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1972); Haggis (1984); Rose et al. (1996); Pogue (2002); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Day et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera littoralis (cotton leafworm) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1967); Othim et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sternochetus mangiferae (mango seed weevil) | Present | | | Mansfield-aders (1920); Le Pelley (1959); Swaine (1961); Mulungu et al. (2008); Lynegaard et al. (2014); Abdulla et al. (2015); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant) | Present | Introduced | | Wetterer (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) | Present | | | International Institute of Entomology (1996) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Thaumastocoris peregrinus (bronze bug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI and EPPO (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Thaumatotibia leucotreta (false codling moth (FCM)) | Present | Native | | CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trioza erytreae (African citrus psyllid) | Present, Localized | | | Bohlen (1973); Shimwela et al. (2016); Manrakhan et al. (2019); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trogoderma granarium (khapra beetle) | Absent, Formerly present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus perforans (island pinhole borer) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1973); Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus similis | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus volvulus | Present | Introduced | | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus compactus (shot-hole borer) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Asian ambrosia beetle) | Present | Introduced | | Wood and Bright (1992); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Zaprionus tuberculatus | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Alopochen aegyptiaca (Egyptian goose) | Present | Native | | BirdLife International (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Astatoreochromis alluaudi (Alluaud's haplo) | Present | Native | | Anon (1997); MCZ (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bos taurus (cattle) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bubalus bubalis (Asian water buffalo) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Cockrill (1977) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Camelus dromedarius (dromedary camel) | Present, Localized | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Capra hircus (goats) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Clarias gariepinus | Present | Native | | Teugels (1986) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Columba livia (pigeons) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Corvus splendens (house crow) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Ryall (2010); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) | Present | Introduced | | Shireman and Smith (1983); FAO (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cyprinus carpio (common carp) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2021); Costa Pierce et al. (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Herpestes auropunctatus (small Indian mongoose) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Long (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Lates niloticus (Nile perch) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Pringle (2005); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Lutjanus kasmira (blueline snapper) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Allen (1985) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Micropterus dolomieu (smallmouth bass) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Eccles (1992); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Myocastor coypus (coypu) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Eccles (1992); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia) | Present | Native | | Pullin et al. (1997); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); Ogutu-Ohwayo (1990); Ogutu-Ohwayo and Hecky (1991); Twongo (1995); Pullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ovis aries (sheep) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Passer domesticus (house sparrow) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Poecilia reticulata (guppy) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Protopterus aethiopicus aethiopicus (marbled lungfish) | Present | Native | | Anon (1997) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Psittacula krameri (rose-ringed parakeet) | Absent, Formerly present | | | Baker (1990); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Quelea quelea (weaver bird) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Craig (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rachycentron canadum (cobia) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rattus rattus (black rat) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Salmo trutta (sea trout) | Present | Introduced | | Eccles (1992); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Schilbe mystus (African butter catfish) | Present | Native | | Eccles (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Siganus luridus (dusky spinefoot) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Styela plicata (pleated sea squirt) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Suncus murinus (Asian house shrew) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Threskiornis aethiopicus (sacred ibis) | Present | Native | | Hoyo et al. (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tilapia zillii (redbelly tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Eccles (1992); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Trioceros jacksonii (Jackson’s chameleon) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Mertens (1966); Eason et al. (1988); Tilbury and Tolley (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tyto alba (Barn owl) | Present | Native | | Bruce (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Varanus niloticus (Nile monitor) | Present | Native | | Bayless (2002); Spawls et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Cnidaria | Tubastraea coccinea (orange-cup coral) | Present | | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Echinodermata | Acanthaster planci (crown-of-thorns starfish) | Present | | | Appeltans et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Achatina fulica (giant African land snail) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Emberton et al. (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Arcuatula senhousia (Asian date mussel) | Present | Introduced | | Mastrototaro et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Corbicula fluminalis | Present | Native | | Daget (1998); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Helisoma duryi | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Marisa cornuarietis (giant ramshorn) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Msangi and Kihauli (1972); Nguma et al. (1982); Brown (1994); Cowie and Hayes (2012); Horgan et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Melanoides tuberculata (red-rimmed melania) | Present | Native | | Brown (1994) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Aphelenchoides besseyi (rice leaf nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Taylor et al. (1972); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Helicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne decalineata (African coffee root-knot nematode) | Present, Localized | | | Whitehead (1969); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne ethiopica (Root-knot nematode) | Present | Native | | Whitehead (1968); Whitehead (1969); O'Bannon (1975); CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne hapla (root knot nematode) | Present | | | Whitehead (1969); Swai et al. (1996); CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Ahmed (1975); Taylor et al. (1982); CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm) | Present, Widespread | | | Ahmed (1975); Ebbels and Allen (1979); CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Pratylenchus coffeae (banana root nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Pratylenchus goodeyi (banana lesion nematode) | Present | | | Bridge (1988); CABI and EPPO (2000) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode) | Present, Localized | | | Ngundo and Taylor (1973); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Scutellonema bradys (yam nematode) | Present | | | Coyne et al. (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Tylenchulus semipenetrans (citrus root nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Taylor and Ngundo (1973); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus | Present | | | OIE (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus granulosus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus multilocularis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Taenia solium | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2009); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Chlorophyta | Caulerpa taxifolia (killer algae) | Present | Introduced | | Guiry and Guiry (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Chlorophyta | Ulva pertusa | Present | | | Jaasund (1976) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Chlorophyta | Ulva reticulata (ribbon sea lettuce) | Present | Native | | Silva et al. (1996); Lugendo et al. (2001); Semesi et al. (2001); Msuya et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Adiantum capillus-veneris | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Adiantum hispidulum (rosy maidenhair fern) | Present, Localized | Native | | Schelpe and Anthony (1986) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Adiantum raddianum (delta maidenhair fern) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Azolla filiculoides (water fern) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Azolla pinnata (mosquito fern) | Present, Localized | Native | | Dyer et al. (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Ceratopteris thalictroides (watersprite) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Christella dentata (soft fern) | Present, Widespread | Native | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Cyathea cooperi (australian tree fern) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Lygodium microphyllum (old world climbing fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteridium aquilinum (bracken) | Present, Localized | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris tripartita (giant brake) | Present | Native | | National Museum of Natural History (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia molesta (kariba weed) | Present | | | Taylor (1993); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Thelypteris opulenta (jewelled maiden fern) | Present | | | Fosberg and Sachet (1972) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Acanthophora spicifera | Present | Native | | Oliveira et al. (2005); Silva et al. (1996) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Eucheuma spp. | Present | Native | | Lirasan and Twide (1993); Ask and Azanza (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Gracilaria salicornia | Present | Native | | Silva et al. (1996); Oliveira et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Hypnea musciformis | Present | Native | | Silva et al. (1996); Oliveira et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Kappaphycus | Present | Introduced | | Lirasan and Twide (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) | Present | | | Tajebe et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon hirtum (Indian mallow) | Present | Native | | Achigan-Dako (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon indicum (country mallow) | Present | Introduced | | Moreau and Moreau (1931) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia angustissima (prairie acacia) | Present | Introduced | | Rubanza et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia auriculiformis (northern black wattle) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002); Kotiluoto et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia colei | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia crassicarpa (northern wattle) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia dealbata (acacia bernier) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia decurrens (green wattle) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Randall (2012); CSIRO (2000); USDA-ARS (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia farnesiana (huisache) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia hockii | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008); ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia longifolia (golden wattle) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mangium (brown salwood) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Aguiar Júnior et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Kessy (1987); ILDIS (2002); Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia melanoxylon (Australian blackwood) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Streets (1962); ILDIS (2002); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mellifera (blackthorn) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia nilotica (gum arabic tree) | Present, Planted | Native | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia podalyriifolia (pearl acacia) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia polyacantha (hook thorn) | Present | | | Obiri (2011); USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia saligna (coojong) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Weeds of Australia (2016); ILDIS (2007); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthospermum australe (spiny-bur) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthospermum hispidum (bristly starbur) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Terry and Michieka (1987); Kashina et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Achyranthes aspera (devil's horsewhip) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Ivens (1967); Townsend (1985) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acmella uliginosa (marsh para cress) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acrocarpus fraxinifolius (shingle tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Adenanthera pavonina (red-bead tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002); Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aeschynomene fluitans (giant sensitive fern) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave americana (century plant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); BioNET-EAFRINET (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave sisalana (sisal hemp) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | ISSG (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave vivipara (Caribbean agave) | Present, Widespread | | | Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | BioNET-EAFRINET (2016); Holm et al. (1979); Kashina et al. (2002); Kashina et al. (2003); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum houstonianum (Blue billygoatweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | BioNET-EAFRINET (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aira caryophyllea (silver hairgrass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia chinensis (Chinese albizia) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia procera (white siris) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009); World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alectra vogelii (yellow witchweed) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Philcox (1990); Mbwaga (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aleurites moluccanus (candlenut tree) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Oyen (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Allamanda cathartica (yellow allamanda) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aloe vera (true aloe) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed) | Present, Localized | | | Welsh and Denny (1978); Holm et al. (1991); Kashina et al. (2002); PROTA (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alysicarpus vaginalis (alyce clover) | Present | Native | | Duke (1981); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus blitum (livid amaranth) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Townsend (1985); PROTA (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus cruentus (red amaranth) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Grubben (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus dubius (spleen amaranth) | Present | Introduced | | Grubben (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus hybridus (smooth pigweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Townsend (1985); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1977); Kashina et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus viridis (slender amaranth) | Present | | | Townsend (1985); Kashina et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Anagallis arvensis (scarlet pimpernel) | Present | | | IVENS (1967) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona cherimola (cherimoya) | Present | | | Mwatawala et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona muricata (soursop) | Present | | | Tanga et al. (2016); Mwatawala et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona reticulata (bullock's heart) | Present | | | Mwatawala et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona squamosa (sugar apple) | Present | Introduced | | USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009); Tanga et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Anredera cordifolia (Madeira vine) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Antigonon leptopus (coral vine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); BioNET-EAFRINET (2011); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aponogeton abyssinicus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Areca catechu (betelnut palm) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arenga pinnata (sugar palm) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Terry and Michieka (1987); Katagira (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argemone ochroleuca (pale Mexican pricklypoppy) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Henderson (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arthraxon hispidus (small carpetgrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton and Renvoize (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017); Tanga et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arundo donax (giant reed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | BioNET-EAFRINET (2014); Chandhuri and Ghosal (1970); Bell (1993); Bell (1997); Christou et al. (2001); Boland (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus asparagoides (bridal creeper) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus densiflorus (asparagus fern) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus falcatus (sicklethorn) | Present | Native | | PROTA (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus setaceus (asparagus fern) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asystasia gangetica (chinese violet) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Austrocylindropuntia subulata (Eve’s needle cactus) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Henderson (2002); Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Avena fatua (wild oat) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Avena sterilis (winter wild oat) | Present | | | Ivens (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Averrhoa bilimbi (bilimbi) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Axonopus fissifolius | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Azadirachta indica (neem tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | World Agroforestry Centre (2002); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Balanites aegyptiaca (simple-thorned torchwood) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Barleria prionitis (porcupine flower) | Present | Native | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Barringtonia asiatica (sea poison tree) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Basella alba (malabar spinach) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia monandra (Napoleon's plume) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia tomentosa (yellow bauhinia) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia variegata (mountain ebony) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bidens pilosa (blackjack) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | BioNET-EAFRINET (2016); Chhabra et al. (1993); Kashina et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Biserrula pelecinus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bixa orellana (annatto) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bocconia frutescens (plume poppy) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia coccinea (scarlet spiderling) | Present | Introduced | | Whitehouse (1996); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); Kashina et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa bladhii (Caucasian bluestem) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bougainvillea spectabilis (great bougainvillea) | Present | Introduced | | Grandtner and Chevrette (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica juncea (mustard) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica rapa (field mustard) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brillantaisia lamium (brillantaisia) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bromus diandrus (great brome) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton (1970) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brugmansia suaveolens (white angel's trumpet) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Lusweti et al. (2014); GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi (lavender-scallops) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bryophyllum proliferum (blooming boxes) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Buddleja madagascariensis (smokebush) | Present | Introduced | | BioNET-EAFRINET (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia decapetala (Mysore thorn) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002); BioNET-EAFRINET (2011); Tanga et al. (2016); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calliandra houstoniana (calliandra) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calliandra houstoniana var. calothyrsus (calliandra) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | BioNET-EAFRINET (2014); Witt et al. (2018); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calophyllum inophyllum (Alexandrian laurel) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2012); Kashina et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calotropis gigantea (Yercum fibre) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calotropis procera (apple of sodom) | Present | Native | Invasive | USDA-ARS (2003); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Hanelt et al. (2001); Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia cathartica | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia gladiata (sword bean) | Present | Introduced | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canna indica (canna lilly) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canna x generalis (canna lily) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse) | Present | Introduced | | Ivens (1971) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Capsicum annuum (bell pepper) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017); Jorge Junior et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardiospermum grandiflorum (balloon vine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | BioNET-EAFRINET (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | BioNET-EAFRINET (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cascabela thevetia (yellow oleander) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Mwatawala et al. (2009); Witt et al. (2018); GRIIS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum) | Present | Introduced | | Grace et al. (2012); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia grandis (pink shower) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Castilla elastica (Mexican rubber tree) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Tropical Biology Association (2013); Greenway (1934); Richard (2007); Dawson et al. (2008); Edward et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina cunninghamiana (Australian beefwood) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina glauca (scaly oak (Australia)) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); BioNET-EAFRINET (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Haysom and Murphy (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus biflorus (Indian sandbur) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass) | Present | Native | | Cook et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ceratophyllum demersum (coontail) | Present | | | UK, Kew Herbarium (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cereus jamacaru (Queen of the Night) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cestrum aurantiacum (orange cestrum) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cestrum elegans (purple cestrum) | Present | | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cestrum nocturnum (night jessamine) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chenopodium album (fat hen) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chenopodium murale (nettleleaf goosefoot) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris barbata (purpletop chloris) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020); Clayton et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris virgata (feather finger grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Kashina et al. (2002); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cinchona pubescens (quinine tree) | Present | Introduced | | PURSEGLOVE (1968); Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cinnamomum camphora (camphor laurel) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Mugasha (1978); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon) | Present | Introduced | | USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cissus quadrangularis (treebine) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantiifolia (lime) | Present | | | Tanga et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome gynandra | Present | Native | | Mishra et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome rutidosperma (fringed spiderflower) | Present | Native | | Elffers et al. (1964); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clidemia hirta (Koster's curse) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Sheil (1994); Missouri Botanical Garden (2007); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clitoria ternatea (butterfly-pea) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Coccinia grandis (scarlet-fruited ivy gourd) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cocos nucifera (coconut) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton and Renvoize (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Colocasia esculenta (taro) | Present | Introduced | | Safo-Kantaka (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Combretum indicum (Rangoon creeper) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina benghalensis (wandering jew) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1977); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina diffusa (spreading dayflower) | Present | | | Kashina et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza bonariensis (hairy fleabane) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza sumatrensis (tall fleabane) | Present | | | Kashina et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cordia alliodora (Ecuador laurel) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Corymbia citriodora (lemon-scented gum) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cosmos sulphureus (sulphur cosmos) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Jansen (2005); Beentje and Hind (2005); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crassocephalum crepidioides (redflower ragleaf) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria retusa (rattleweed) | Present | | | ILDIS (2013); Kashina et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crypsis schoenoides (swamp pricklegrass) | Present | Native | | eMonocot (2015); USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crypsis vaginiflora (African pricklegrass) | Present | Native | | eMonocot (2015); Flora Zambesiaca (2015); USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cryptostegia grandiflora (rubber vine) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cryptostegia madagascariensis (Madagascar rubbervine) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cucumis anguria (West Indian gherkin) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuscuta campestris (field dodder) | Present | Introduced | | Verdcourt (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyanthillium cinereum (little ironweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyathula prostrata (pasture weed) | Present | Native | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) | Present | | | Williams (1949) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon nardus (citronella grass) | Present | | | Ssegawa (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon nlemfuensis (African Bermuda-grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon plectostachyus (African stargrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus compressus (annual sedge) | Present | | | Haines and Lye (1983) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge) | Present, Widespread | | | Terry (1978); Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus imbricatus (shingle flatsedge) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus iria (rice flatsedge) | Present | | | Haines and Lye (1983) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus papyrus (papyrus) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Clayton (1970) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016); Clayton et al. (1974) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dactyloctenium australe | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dahlia imperialis (bell tree dahlia) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dalbergia melanoxylon (African blackwood) | Present | | | Tanga et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dalbergia sissoo | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura ferox (fierce thornapple) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Lusweti et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura metel (Hindu datura) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Lusweti et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura stramonium (jimsonweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Holm et al. (1979); Blundell (1992); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Delonix regia (flamboyant) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Derris elliptica (tuba root) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Desmodium incanum (creeping beggerweed) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Desmodium uncinatum (Silver-leaf desmodium) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium annulatum (Kleberg's bluestem) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium aristatum (angelton bluestem) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium caricosum (nadi blue grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichrostachys cinerea (sickle bush) | Present | Native | | World Agroforestry Centre (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria abyssinica (East African couchgrass) | Present, Localized | | | Terry and Michieka (1987); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass) | Present | | | Clayton and Renvoize (1982); Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria fuscescens (yellow crab grass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria longiflora (false couch grass) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Clayton and Renvoize (1982); USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria velutina (velvet fingergrass) | Present, Localized | | Invasive | Clayton and Renvoize (1982); Terry and Michieka (1987); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea alata (white yam) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea cayenensis (Guinea yam) | Present | | | Coyne et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dolichandra unguis-cati (cat's claw creeper) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); BioNET-EAFRINET (2016); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dovyalis caffra (kei apple) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dracaena fragrans (corn plant) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Drymaria cordata (tropical chickweed) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Duranta erecta (golden dewdrop) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dysphania ambrosioides (Mexican tea) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa colona (junglerice) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton and Renvoize (1982); Holm et al. (1991); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa crus-pavonis (gulf cockspur grass) | Present | | | Tropicos (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa pyramidalis | Present | Native | | Clayton and Renvoize (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echium plantagineum (Paterson's curse) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eclipta prostrata (eclipta) | Present | | | Kashina et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ehrharta erecta (panic veldtgrass) | Present | Native | | Napper (1965); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Mallya et al. (2001); Witt et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eleocharis dulcis (Chinese water chestnut) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elephantopus mollis (elephant's foot) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eleusine indica (goose grass) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emex australis (Doublegee) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia coccinea (scarlet tasselflower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Epipremnum pinnatum (centipede tongavine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Darwin Initiative Project (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis atrovirens (thalia lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis ciliaris (gophertail lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis curvula (weeping lovegrass) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis lehmanniana (Lehmann lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis papposa | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erigeron karvinskianus (Karwinsky’s fleabane) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Beentje (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017); Mwatawala et al. (2009); PROTA (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erythrina berteroana (coralbean) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus paniculata (grey ironbark) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia) | Present | | | Kashina et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Kashina et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia tirucalli (Indian-tree spurge) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia umbellata (African milk bush) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euryops chrysanthemoides (African bush daisy) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fallopia convolvulus (black bindweed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1977); Holm et al. (1979); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus benghalensis (banyan) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus carica (common fig) | Present | | | Mwatawala et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis dichotoma (tall fringe rush) | Present | | | Haines and Lye (1983) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis) | Present | Native and Introduced | Invasive | Haines and Lye (1983); Holm et al. (1991); Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flacourtia indica (governor's plum) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014); Mwatawala et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia strobilifera (wild hops) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Funtumia elastica (West African rubber tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Furcraea foetida (Mauritius hemp) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Harris (1936) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier) | Present, Widespread | | | Owenya et al. (1987); Moyer et al. (1989); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galinsoga quadriradiata (shaggy soldier) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gleditsia triacanthos (honey locust) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002); WAC (2005); PROTA (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gmelina arborea (candahar) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Orwa et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphocarpus physocarpus (balloon cotton bush) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphrena globosa (globe amaranth) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Grevillea robusta (silky oak) | Present | Introduced | | Mbuya et al. (1994); World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Haematoxylum campechianum (logwood) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Halophila stipulacea (halophila seagrass) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hedychium coronarium (white butterfly ginger lily) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Helianthus annuus (sunflower) | Present | | | Tajebe et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium indicum (Indian heliotrope) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium supinum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heteropogon contortus (spear grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heterotis rotundifolia (pink lady) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hevea brasiliensis (rubber) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hibiscus trionum (Venice mallow) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hovenia dulcis | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hura crepitans (sand box) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1979); Govaerts (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hydrocotyle ranunculoides (floating pennywort) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2004); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hylocereus undatus (dragon fruit) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis spicigera (black sesame) | Present | Introduced | | Roskov et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis suaveolens (pignut) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); GBIF (2016); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Impatiens walleriana (busy lizzy) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass) | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera hirsuta (hairy indigo) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera spicata (creeping indigo) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013); Tanga et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera tinctoria (true indigo) | Present | Native | | Bisby et al. (1994); USDA-ARS (2013); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera trita (Asian indigo) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea alba (white moonflower ) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea aquatica (swamp morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | | Ritoine et al. (1981); Anderson (1964); Vainio-Mattila (2000); Makokha et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morning glory) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018); POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea carnea | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (bush morning glory) | Present | Introduced | | Lejoly and Lisowski (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea hederifolia (scarlet-creeper ) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017); Staples (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea hildebrandtii | Present | | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea indica (ocean blue morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea nil (white edge morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017); Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea ochracea (fence morning-glory) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea purpurea (tall morning glory) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea quamoclit (cypress vine) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass) | Present | | | Clayton and Renvoize (1982); Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ixora finlaysoniana (white jungle flame) | Present | Introduced | | Mouly et al. (2009); African Plant Database (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jacaranda mimosifolia (jacaranda) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum dichotomum (Gold Coast jasmine) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum fluminense (Brazilian jasmine) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha curcas (jatropha) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Juncus effusus (common rush) | Present | Native | | Kirschner (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe beharensis (elephant’s ear kalanchoe) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe daigremontiana (devil's backbone) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe delagoensis (chandelier plant) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | BioNET-EAFRINET (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe pinnata (cathedral bells) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017); Wickens (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kyllinga nemoralis (white kyllinga) | Present | Native | | Kumar (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kyllinga polyphylla (navua sedge) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagerstroemia speciosa (Pride of India) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lantana camara (lantana) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Holm et al. (1979); Shackleton et al. (2017); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lathyrus sphaericus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Launaea intybacea (bitter lettuce) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lawsonia inermis (Egyptian privet) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leersia hexandra (southern cut grass) | Present | | | Clayton (1970) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna perpusilla (duckweed) | Present | | | GBIF (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonotis nepetifolia (Christmas candlestick) | Present | | | GBIF (2015); Tajebe et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa chinensis (Chinese sprangletop) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa fusca (sprangletop) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena diversifolia | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Cronk and Fuller (1995); Hughes (1998); Hughes (1998); ILDIS (2007); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucanthemum vulgare (oxeye daisy) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia octovalvis (primrose willow) | Present | | | Raven (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Luffa acutangula (angled luffa) | Present | | | Mwatawala et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Luffa aegyptiaca (loofah) | Present | | | Zipcode Zoo (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Maesopsis eminii (umbrella tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Malvaviscus penduliflorus (Turk's cap mallow) | Present | Introduced | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mangifera indica (mango) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Naturalized | Orwa et al. (2009); Mwatawala et al. (2009); Tanga et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Manilkara zapota (sapodilla) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Medicago laciniata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Medicago lupulina (black medick) | Present | | | ILDIS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melia azedarach (Chinaberry) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melilotus albus (honey clover) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis minutiflora (molasses grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis repens (natal redtop) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mentha aquatica (watermint) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia peltata | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa diplotricha (giant sensitive plant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); ILDIS (2001); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Brenan (1959); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Legère (2003); BioNET-EAFRINET (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock flower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Momordica balsamina (common balsam apple) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Montanoa hibiscifolia (tree daisy) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moorochloa eruciformis (sweet signal grass) | Present | Native | | Quattrocchi (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moringa oleifera (horse radish tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | PROTA (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Morus alba (mora) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Tanga et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); ILDIS (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry) | Present | Introduced | | Verdcourt (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murdannia nudiflora (doveweed) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murraya paniculata (orange jessamine) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mussaenda erythrophylla (red flag bush) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrot's feather) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myroxylon balsamum (Peru balsam) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nelsonia canescens (blue pussyleaf) | Present | Native | | Vollesen (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Neonotonia wightii (perennial soybean) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); Kashina et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nerium oleander (oleander) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicandra physalodes (apple of Peru) | Present | | | Terry and Michieka (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | BioNET-EAFRINET (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nymphaea lotus (white Egyptian lotus) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ocimum gratissimum (African basil) | Present | Native | | WCSP (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Odontonema cuspidatum (Cardinal’s guard) | Present | Introduced | | Brunken et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oeceoclades maculata (monk orchid) | Present | Native | | Garay and Taylor (1976) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia lancifolia (calycose mille graines) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (wild olive) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. undulatifolius (wavyleaf basketgrass) | Present | | | GBIF (2012); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia cochenillifera (cochineal cactus) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia engelmannii (cactus apple) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia microdasys (angel's wings) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia monacantha (common prickly pear) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia stricta (erect prickly pear) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); BioNET-EAFRINET (2018); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Orobanche cernua (nodding broomrape) | Present | Native | | Graham (1957) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Orobanche minor (common broomrape) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Orobanche ramosa (branched broomrape) | Present | | | Graham (1957) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oryza barthii | Present | Native | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oryza longistaminata (perennial wild rice) | Present | | | Clayton (1970) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oryza punctata (wild rice) | Present | Native | | Clayton (1970); Ivens (1989); Faluyi and Nwokeocha (1993); USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oryza rufipogon (wild rice) | Present | | | Chen (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel) | Present | | | Q-bank (2013); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis latifolia (sorrel) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Panicum repens (torpedo grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton and Renvoize (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parkinsonia aculeata (Mexican palo-verde) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Brenan (1967); Tanga et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parmentiera aculeata (cucumber tree) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Bidgood et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parthenium hysterophorus (parthenium weed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | McConnachie et al. (2011); Witt et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalidium geminatum (Egyptian paspalidium) | Present | Native | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012); Lind et al. (1974); Welsh and Denny (1978) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2018); Clayton and Renvoize (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum dilatatum (dallisgrass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum scrobiculatum (ricegrass paspalum) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003); Voorthuizen (1970) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora edulis (passionfruit) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora quadrangularis (giant granadilla) | Present | Introduced | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora suberosa (corkystem passionflower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); GBIF (2012); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora subpeltata (white passionflower) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Peltophorum pterocarpum (copperpod) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu grass) | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | Clayton and Renvoize (1982); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum macrourum (African feather grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum pedicellatum (deenanath grass) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Heper (1972); Poilecot (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum polystachion (mission grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton and Renvoize (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum setaceum (fountain grass) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2012); USDA-ARS (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pentas lanceolata (Egyptian starcluster) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis angulata (cutleaf groundcherry) | Present | Introduced | | Kashina et al. (2002); Mairura (2008); Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pimenta racemosa (bay rum tree) | Present | Introduced | | Allen (1971) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine) | Present | Introduced | | FAO (2001); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus elliottii (slash pine) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus oocarpa (ocote pine) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus patula (Mexican weeping pine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Piper aduncum (spiked pepper) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Queensland Government (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Holm et al. (1979); BioNET-EAFRINET (2011); Witt et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pithecellobium dulce (Manila tamarind) | Present | Introduced | | AFFA (2000); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plantago arenaria | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plantago lanceolata (ribwort plantain) | Present | Introduced | | Verdcourt (1971) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plectranthus amboinicus (Indian borage) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Poa annua (annual meadowgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2014); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polygonum nepalense (Nepal persicaria) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polypogon monspeliensis (annual beard grass) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca oleracea (purslane) | Present | | | Blundell (1992); Kashina et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca pilosa (kiss-me-quick) | Present | Introduced | | CJB (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca quadrifida (chickenweed) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prosopis juliflora (mesquite) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Pasiecznik et al. (2001); Witt et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pseudelephantopus spicatus (false elephant’s foot) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Govaerts (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium guajava (guava) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); World Agroforestry Centre (2002); Mwatawala et al. (2009); Tanga et al. (2016); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pterocarpus indicus (red sandalwood) | Present | | | ILDIS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rauvolfia caffra (quinine tree ) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rhamphicarpa fistulosa | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ricinus communis (castor bean) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | BioNET-EAFRINET (2014); Holm et al. (1979); Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rivina humilis (bloodberry) | Present | | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass) | Present, Localized | Native | | Millhollon and Burner (1993); Massawe et al. (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus ellipticus (yellow Himalayan raspberry) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus niveus (Mysore raspberry) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); ISSG (2014); Missouri Botanical Garden (2014); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus rosifolius (roseleaf raspberry) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); BioNET-EAFRINET (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane) | Present | | | Clayton and Renvoize (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sacciolepis indica (glen woodgrass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Missouri Botanical Garden (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salvia coccinea (scarlet sage) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salvia leucantha (Mexican bush sage) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Samanea saman (rain tree) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017); ILDIS (2002); World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sambucus nigra (elder) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sansevieria hyacinthoides (African bowstring hemp) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Scaevola taccada (beach naupaka) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schinus molle (false pepper tree) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian pepper tree) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schismus arabicus (Arabian schismus) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schizolobium parahyba (Brazilian fern tree) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Bruneau et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna alata (candle bush) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna bacillaris (whitebark senna) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014); JSTOR Global Plants (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna bicapsularis (Christmas bush) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna didymobotrya (African senna) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna hirsuta (hairy senna) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); ISSG (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna italica (Senegal senna) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna multijuga (November shower) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | | | Hanelt et al. (2001); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Kashina et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Brenan (1967); Holm et al. (1979); Kashina et al. (2002); BioNET-EAFRINET (2016); Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna septemtrionalis (smooth senna) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna siamea (yellow cassia) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2007); Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna spectabilis (whitebark senna) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Wakibara and Mnaya (2002); ILDIS (2014); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna surattensis (golden senna) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania cannabina (corkwood tree) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania grandiflora (sesbania) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania sericea (silky sesban) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania sesban (sesban) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014); ILDIS (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria verticillata (bristly foxtail) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); Mariki et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida acuta (sida) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013); Kashina et al. (2002); Kashina et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida linifolia (flaxleaf fanpetals) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida repens (Javanese fanpetals) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Fryxell (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Silene gallica (common catchfly) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum americanum | Present | | | Mwatawala et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum campylacanthum (bitter apple) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum mauritianum (tobacco tree) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum seaforthianum (Brazilian nightshade) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum torvum (turkey berry) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum tuberosum (potato) | Present | | | Chiunga and Valkonen (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus arvensis (perennial sowthistle) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus asper (spiny sow-thistle) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) | Present | | | Terry and Michieka (1987); USDA-ARS (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spartium junceum (Spanish broom) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree) | Present | Native | | ICRAF (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spergula arvensis (corn spurry) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sphagneticola trilobata (wedelia) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus africanus (rat’s tail grass) | Present | Native | | eMonocot (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus pyramidalis (giant rat’s tail grass) | Present | | | eMonocot (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus tenuissimus (tropical dropseed) | Present | Introduced | | Naturalis (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Jamaica vervain) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta urticifolia (rattail) | Present | Introduced | | Legere et al. (2004); Verdcourt (1992); CJB (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stellaria media (common chickweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1977); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sterculia foetida (Java olive) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Striga asiatica (witch weed) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); Mohamed et al. (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Striga aspera (witchweed) | Present | | | Hepper (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Striga gesnerioides (cowpea witchweed) | Present | | | GRIN (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Striga hermonthica (witchweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Synedrella nodiflora (synedrella) | Present | | | Kashina et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syzygium cumini (black plum) | Present | Introduced | | Morton (1987); Mwatawala et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syzygium jambos (rose apple) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Binggeli (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tabebuia rosea (pink poui) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tagetes minuta (stinking Roger) | Present | Introduced | | Terry and Michieka (1987); Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tamarindus indica (tamarind) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tamarix aphylla (athel) | Present, Few occurrences | Native | | Baum (1978) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tecoma capensis (Cape honeysuckle) | Present | Native | | Ulloa (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tecoma stans (yellow bells) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tectona grandis (teak) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tephrosia candida (white tephrosia) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tephrosia vogelii (Vogel's tephrosia) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2017); Mwatawala et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thespesia populnea (portia tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thlaspi alliaceum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia alata (black eyed Susan) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia erecta (bush clockvine) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia grandiflora (Bengal trumpet) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Tropical Biology Association (2010); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Tropical Biology Association (2010); BioNET-EAFRINET (2016); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tithonia rotundifolia (red sunflower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); BioNET-EAFRINET (2018); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Toona ciliata (toon) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Toona sinensis (Chinese Toona) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trachypogon spicatus (spiked crinkleawn) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia pallida (purple queen) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia spathacea (boat lily) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia zebrina (wandering jew) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trapa natans (waterchestnut) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tribulus cistoides (false puncture vine) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine) | Present | | | El Hadidi (1985); Terry and Michieka (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tridax procumbens (coat buttons) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); Kashina et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triumfetta rhomboidea (diamond burbark) | Present | Native | | Whitehouse et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha angustifolia (lesser bulrush) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha domingensis (southern cattail) | Present | Native | | Kansiime et al. (2007); Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ulex europaeus (gorse) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urena lobata (caesar weed) | Present | | Naturalized | Holm et al. (1979); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa decumbens (signal grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa distachya (signal grass) | Present | | | African Plant Database (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa mutica (para grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa panicoides (liverseed grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa reptans (sprawling signalgrass) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Utricularia gibba | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbena bonariensis (clusterflower vervain) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbena brasiliensis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbena rigida (stiff verbena) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vernicia fordii (tung-oil tree) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Veronica anagallis-aquatica (blue water speedwell) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vigna marina (beach bean) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vitex trifolia | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Xanthium strumarium (common cocklebur) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zinnia peruviana (Peruvian zinnia) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ziziphus mauritiana (jujube) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ziziphus spina-christi (Christ's thorn jujube) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Plasmodium relictum | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Theileria parva | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Tritrichomonas foetus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma congolense | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma equiperdum | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma evansi | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma vivax | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Virus | | | African cassava mosaic virus (African cassava mosaic) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022); Ndunguru et al. (2005) |
Virus | | | African horse sickness virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | African swine fever virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Avipoxvirus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Banana bunchy top virus (bunchy top of banana) | Present | | | Shimwela et al. (2021); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Banana streak disease | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | Sebasigari and Stover (1988); Diekmann and Putter (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Barley yellow dwarf viruses (barley yellow dwarf) | Present | | | Lister and Ranieri (1995) |
Virus | | | bovine herpesvirus 1 | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Cassava brown streak viruses (cassava brown streak disease) | Present, Widespread | | | Legg and Raya (1998); Mbanzibwa et al. (2011); Rwegasira et al. (2011); Adams et al. (2013); Rajabu (2013); Tomlinson et al. (2013); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); |
Virus | | | Cassava mosaic disease (African cassava mosaic) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI and EPPO (1998) |
Virus | | | classical swine fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus | Present, Widespread | | | Patel and Kuwaite (1982); CABI and EPPO (2010) |
Virus | | | Cowpea mild mottle virus (angular mosaic of beans) | Present | | | Bock et al. (1976); Mink and Keswani (1987); CABI and EPPO (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows) | Present | | | Desbiez et al. (2016) |
Virus | | | East African cassava mosaic virus | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Ndunguru et al. (2005); Zhou XuePing et al. (1998); Szyniszewska et al. (2017) |
Virus | | | eastern equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine arteritis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | equine infectious anaemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | equine influenzavirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | foot-and-mouth disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | fowlpox virus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | infectious bursal disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | influenza A virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Japanese encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | lumpy skin disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Maize chlorotic mottle virus | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2014) |
Virus | | | Maize lethal necrosis disease | Present | Introduced | | Makumbi and Wangai (2013) |
Virus | | | Maize streak virus (streak disease of maize) | Present, Widespread | | | Storey (1936); CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Newcastle disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Nipah virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Papaya ringspot virus | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Virus | | | peste des petits ruminants virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | rabies virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Rice yellow mottle virus | Present | | | Rossel et al. (1982); CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Rift Valley fever virus | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | rinderpest virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Sugarcane mosaic virus (sugarcane mosaic) | Present | | | ISSCT (1989); Mariki et al. (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Suid herpesvirus 1 | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (internal cork disease of sweet potato) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2003); Tairo et al. (2004); Mbanzibwa et al. (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | swine vesicular disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (tomato spotted wilt) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1978); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (leaf curl) | Present, Widespread | | | Chiang et al. (1997); Kashina et al. (2002); Kashina et al. (2003); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | vesicular stomatitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | visna/maedi virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | western equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |