Tonga

Datasheet

Tonga

Index

Summary

Last modified
19 November 2019

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List of Species

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The table lists the species recorded in the Compendium for this region(from the full species datasheets). It includes species that are invasive in this region, those for which there is no data on invasive status, and also species that are not invasive in the region but are reported as invasive elsewhere. This summary table is based on all the information available.When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the distribution record. For further information, please follow the link to the datasheet.

Domain	Kingdom	Phylum	Species	Distribution	Origin	Invasive	References
Bacteria		Actinobacteria [phylum]	Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (bacterial canker of tomato)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2020)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Liberibacter asiaticus (Asian greening)	Absent, Confirmed absent by survey			EPPO (2020)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato)	Present			EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Panama disease of banana)	Present			Davis et al. (2004); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Guignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot)	Absent, Invalid presence record(s)			CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka)	Present	Introduced		JOHNSTON (1965); CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Pseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.)	Absent, Confirmed absent by survey			EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Basidiomycota	Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soyabean rust)	Present			Dingley et al. (1981); McKenzie and Jackson (1990); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aleurodicus dispersus (whitefly)	Present			UK, CAB International (1986); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Anoplolepis gracilipes (yellow crazy ant)	Present			Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aonidiella aurantii (red scale)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aphis craccivora (groundnut aphid)	Present			UK, CAB International (1983)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid)	Present			UK, CAB International (1968); APPPC (1987); Carver (1996)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bactrocera facialis	Present			Heimoana et al. (1997); Leblanc et al. (2012); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bactrocera kirki	Present			Heimoana et al. (1997); Leblanc et al. (2012); CABI and EPPO (2013); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bactrocera passiflorae (Fijian fruit fly)	Present			Drew. R. A. I. and Hancock (1995); EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bactrocera xanthodes (Pacific fruit fly)	Present			Heimoana et al. (1997); Heimoana et al. (1997); Leblanc et al. (2012); EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly)	Present			Barro et al. (1998); CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bemisia tabaci (MEAM1) (silverleaf whitefly)	Present			Schmidt et al. (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Brevipalpus phoenicis (false spider mite)	Present			APPPC (1987); CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale)	Present			O'Connor (1949); UK, CAB International (1969); Maddison (1976); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Crocidosema plebejana (cotton tipworm)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito)	Present, Widespread	Introduced		Belkin (1962)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Cylas formicarius (sweet potato weevil)	Present			UK, CAB International (1970); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Dysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug)	Present			UK, CAB International (1972); Ben-Dov (1994)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Ferrisia virgata (striped mealybug)	Present			UK, CAB International (1966); Williams and Watson (1988); Ben-Dov (1994)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm)	Present			UK, CAB International (1993); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (black tea thrips)	Present			UK, CAB International (1961); APPPC (1987); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Hemiberlesia lataniae (latania scale)	Present			UK, CAB International (1976); Williams and Watson (1988)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Heteropsylla cubana (leucaena psyllid)	Present			FAO (1994)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	UK, CAB International (1971); Williams and Watson (1990); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Liriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer)	Present			CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug)	Present	Introduced		Williams and Watson (1988); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Monomorium pharaonis (pharaoh ant)	Present	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Myzus persicae (green peach aphid)	Present			Carver et al. (1993)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Nezara viridula (green stink bug)	Present			UK, CAB International (1970); Waterhouse and Norris (1987)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Oryctes rhinoceros (coconut rhinoceros beetle)	Present			EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated);
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Paratrechina longicornis (crazy ant)	Present	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pheidole megacephala (big-headed ant)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug)	Present			Williams and Watson (1988); CABI and EPPO (1999)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth)	Present			UK, CAB International (1967)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (mulberry scale)	Present			Williams and Watson (1988); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Quadrastichus erythrinae (Erythrina gall wasp)	Present	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Simosyrphus grandicornis (common hover fly)	Present	Introduced		Nishida (2008)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Sitobion miscanthi (indian grain aphid)	Present	Native		NHM (1949); EASTOP (1966); Carver et al. (1993); CABI and EPPO (2003)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Sitophilus zeamais (greater grain weevil)	Present			APPPC (1987)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Solenopsis geminata (tropical fire ant)	Present	Introduced		APPPC (1987); ISSG (2009); EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Solenopsis papuana (Papuan thief ant)	Present	Native		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Spodoptera litura (taro caterpillar)	Present		Invasive	UK, CAB International (1993); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Sternochetus mangiferae (mango seed weevil)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid)	Present			Carver et al. (1993); CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Unaspis citri (citrus snow scale)	Present			UK, CAB International (1962); Williams and Watson (1988); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Xyleborus perforans (island pinhole borer)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	APPPC (1987)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Xylosandrus morigerus (brown twig beetle)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Beaver (1987); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Acridotheres fuscus (jungle myna)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Acridotheres tristis (common myna)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Amphiprion	Present	Native		Froese and Pauly (2009)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Canis lupus familiaris (dogs)	Present	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Columba livia (pigeons)	Present	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Felis catus (cat)	Present	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Hemidactylus frenatus (common house gecko)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Fisher (1997)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Herpestes auropunctatus (small Indian mongoose)	Present, Few occurrences	Introduced	Invasive	Cranwell (2016)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Lutjanus kasmira (blueline snapper)	Present, Widespread	Native		Allen (1985)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia)	Present	Introduced		Froese and Pauly (2004)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Pterois volitans (lionfish)	Present	Native		Froese and Pauly (2010)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Pycnonotus cafer (red-vented bulbul)	Present	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Rattus norvegicus (brown rat)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Rattus rattus (black rat)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Sus scrofa [ISC] (feral pig)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	SPREP (South Pacific Regional Environment Programme) (2000)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Tyto alba (Barn owl)	Present	Native		Bruce (1999)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Achatina fulica (giant African land snail)	Absent, Formerly present			South Pacific Commission (1979); Brodie and Barker (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Deroceras laeve (meadow slug)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Hutchinson et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Magallana gigas (Pacific oyster)	Present	Introduced		Wilkinson (1975); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Melanoides tuberculata (red-rimmed melania)	Present, Widespread	Native		Starmühlner (1993)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Helicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2003)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode)	Present, Widespread			Bridge (1988); CABI and EPPO (2002)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm)	Present, Widespread			Bridge (1988); CABI and EPPO (2002)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Pratylenchus coffeae (banana root nematode)	Present			Bridge (1988); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode)	Present			Kirby et al. (1980); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Tylenchulus semipenetrans (citrus root nematode)	Present			Orton Williams (1980); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Platyhelminthes	Platydemus manokwari (New guinea flatworm)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Angiopteris evecta (king fern)	Present	Native		PIER (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Christella dentata (soft fern)	Present	Native		Iwatsuki (1963)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Pteris tripartita (giant brake)	Present	Native		Sykes (1981)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern)	Present			PIER (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Rhodophyta	Acanthophora spicifera	Present	Native		Doty (1961)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Rhodophyta	Eucheuma spp.	Present			Doty (1985)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Rhodophyta	Kappaphycus	Present, Localized	Introduced		Eldredge (1994)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Abelmoschus moschatus (musk mallow)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Sankaran and Suresh (2013); PIER (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Abrus precatorius (rosary pea)	Present	Native		PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia auriculiformis (northern black wattle)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia crassicarpa (northern wattle)	Present, Planted			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Achyranthes aspera (devil's horsewhip)	Present			Swarbrick (1997)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acmella uliginosa (marsh para cress)	Present			Swarbrick (1997)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Adenanthera pavonina (red-bead tree)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2002); Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Agave americana (century plant)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed)	Present	Introduced		Whistler (1983); Waterhouse (1997); PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Aleurites moluccanus (candlenut tree)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2013); Krisnawati et al. (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Allamanda cathartica (yellow allamanda)	Present	Introduced		Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Alocasia macrorrhizos (giant taro)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Alpinia purpurata (red ginger)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Imada (2004)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Alpinia zerumbet (shell ginger)	Present			USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed)	Present			PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Amaranthus cruentus (red amaranth)	Present	Introduced		Yuncker (1959)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Annona muricata (soursop)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Annona reticulata (bullock's heart)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Annona squamosa (sugar apple)	Present	Introduced		Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Antigonon leptopus (coral vine)	Present	Introduced		Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Argyreia nervosa (elephant creeper)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Aristolochia elegans (elegant Dutchman’s pipe)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Ragone (2006); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Arundo donax (giant reed)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Flynn (2001); Yuncker (1959)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Asclepias curassavica (bloodflower)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Yuncker (1959); Swarbrick (1997); USDA-ARS (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Asparagus densiflorus (asparagus fern)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Asparagus setaceus (asparagus fern)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Asystasia gangetica (chinese violet)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Axonopus fissifolius	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2012); PIER (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Barleria cristata (Philippine violet)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Barringtonia asiatica (sea poison tree)	Present	Native		Govaerts and Tulig (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bauhinia monandra (Napoleon's plume)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bauhinia variegata (mountain ebony)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bidens pilosa (blackjack)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2018); Waterhouse (1997)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bixa orellana (annatto)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		PIER (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bothriochloa bladhii (Caucasian bluestem)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bougainvillea spectabilis (great bougainvillea)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Breynia disticha (snowbush)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry)	Present, Planted			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Brugmansia suaveolens (white angel's trumpet)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Burkill (1901); PIER (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower)	Present			PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Calliandra houstoniana var. calothyrsus (calliandra)	Present	Introduced		Space and Flynn (2001); PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Canna indica (canna lilly)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Flynn (2001); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina)	Present	Native		PIER (2002); World Agroforestry Centre (2002)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Casuarina glauca (scaly oak (Australia))	Present, Planted	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cenchrus echinatus (southern sandbur)	Present			Whistler (1983); Holm et al. (1991)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort)	Present			PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cestrum diurnum (day jessamine)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cestrum nocturnum (night jessamine)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Chamaecrista nictitans (sensitive partridge pea)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Flynn (2001); PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cheilocostus speciosus (crepe ginger )	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Flynn (2001); Englberger (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Chloris barbata (purpletop chloris)	Present			Whistler (1994)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Chrysopogon aciculatus (golden false beardgrass)	Present	Native		Yuncker (1959)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Citrus aurantiifolia (lime)	Present			FAO (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Citrus aurantium (sour orange)	Present			FAO (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clerodendrum speciosissimum (Java glory bower)	Present		Invasive	PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clidemia hirta (Koster's curse)	Present	Introduced		Wester and Wood (1977)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clitoria ternatea (butterfly-pea)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Coccinia grandis (scarlet-fruited ivy gourd)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2013); Englberger (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears)	Present	Introduced		Yuncker (1959)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Colocasia esculenta (taro)	Present	Introduced		Ellison (1990)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Combretum indicum (Rangoon creeper)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cordia alliodora (Ecuador laurel)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Haysom and Murphy (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cordyline fruticosa (ti plant)	Present, Widespread			Randall (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Crassocephalum crepidioides (redflower ragleaf)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Crotalaria retusa (rattleweed)	Present			PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Crotalaria spectabilis (showy rattlepod)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cuphea carthagenensis (Colombian waxweed)	Present	Introduced		Space and Flynn (2001); Bishop Museum (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyanthillium cinereum (little ironweed)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Whistler (1983)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge)	Present			Whistler (1983); Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2004)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Delonix regia (flamboyant)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2009); Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Derris elliptica (tuba root)	Present			PIER (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Desmodium incanum (creeping beggerweed)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dieffenbachia seguine (dumb cane)	Present	Introduced		HEAR (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass)	Present	Introduced		Clayton et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Digitaria fuscescens (yellow crab grass)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dioscorea alata (white yam)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2013); FAO (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Yuncker (1959)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Duranta erecta (golden dewdrop)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2013); USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Echinochloa colona (junglerice)	Present			Waterhouse (1997); Clayton et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Elephantopus mollis (elephant's foot)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2013); USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eleusine indica (goose grass)	Present	Introduced		Whistler (1983)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2018); Holm et al. (1997); Waterhouse (1997)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Epipremnum pinnatum (centipede tongavine)	Present	Native		Govaerts (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Erechtites valerianifolius (tropical burnweed)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2012); GBIF (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eriobotrya japonica (loquat)	Present, Planted	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eugenia uniflora (Surinam cherry)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Euphorbia hypericifolia (graceful spurge)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Falcataria moluccana (batai wood)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ficus benjamina (weeping fig)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ficus microcarpa (Indian laurel tree)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Flemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Flemingia strobilifera (wild hops)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Flynn (2001); PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Furcraea foetida (Mauritius hemp)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Drake et al. (1996)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia)	Present	Introduced		Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Gmelina arborea (candahar)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Gossypium barbadense (Gallini cotton)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Grevillea robusta (silky oak)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2002); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Haematoxylum campechianum (logwood)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hedychium coronarium (white butterfly ginger lily)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hedychium flavescens (wild ginger)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hemigraphis alternata (red ivy)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hibiscus tiliaceus (coast cottonwood)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2018); GRIIS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass)	Present			PIER (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Indigofera suffruticosa (Anil indigo)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea alba (white moonflower )	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea aquatica (swamp morning-glory)	Present			Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morning glory)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea hederifolia (scarlet-creeper )	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea indica (ocean blue morning-glory)	Present			Staples (2017); USDA-ARS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ixora finlaysoniana (white jungle flame)	Present	Introduced		Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Jatropha curcas (jatropha)	Present, Planted	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Kalanchoe pinnata (cathedral bells)	Present	Introduced		Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Kyllinga nemoralis (white kyllinga)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lantana camara (lantana)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Thaman (1974)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lemna perpusilla (duckweed)	Present			Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leonotis nepetifolia (Christmas candlestick)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leonurus japonicus (honeyweed)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lepidium virginicum (Virginian peppercress)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2016); USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Hughes (1998); Hughes (1998); PIER (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ligustrum sinense (Chinese privet)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lindernia crustacea (Malaysian false pimpernel)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Luffa aegyptiaca (loofah)	Present			PIER (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Malvaviscus arboreus (wax mallow)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mangifera indica (mango)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Maranta arundinacea (arrowroot)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Medicago lupulina (black medick)	Present			PIER (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Medicago polymorpha (bur clover)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Whistler (1995)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Melastoma malabathricum (Banks melastoma)	Present			Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Melia azedarach (Chinaberry)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2002); World Agroforestry Centre (2002)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Melinis minutiflora (molasses grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Melinis repens (natal redtop)	Present, Localized	Introduced		GBIF (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Merremia peltata	Present	Introduced		Englberger (2009); Waterhouse (1997)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mesosphaerum pectinatum (comb bushmint)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mikania micrantha (bitter vine)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Meyer (2000); Englberger (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Waterhouse and Norris (1987); PIER (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock flower)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Momordica charantia (bitter gourd)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2014); Waterhouse (1997)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Moringa oleifera (horse radish tree)	Present, Planted	Introduced		PIER (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Murdannia nudiflora (doveweed)	Present			PIER (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Neonotonia wightii (perennial soybean)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ocimum gratissimum (African basil)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Olea europaea subsp. europaea (European olive)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Opuntia humifusa	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Opuntia monacantha (common prickly pear)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Oxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel)	Present			PIER (2013); Waterhouse (1997)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2018); Whistler (1983)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum dilatatum (dallisgrass)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum paniculatum (Russell River grass)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum scrobiculatum (ricegrass paspalum)	Present			PIER (2004)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum)	Present	Native		PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Passiflora caerulea (blue passionflower)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Passiflora edulis (passionfruit)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2014); Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower)	Present			Whistler (1983)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Passiflora suberosa (corkystem passionflower)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Phaius tankervilleae (nun’s-hood orchid)	Present	Native		eMonocot (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Physalis angulata (cutleaf groundcherry)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Yuncker (1959)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2012); USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pimenta dioica (allspice)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Flynn (2001); Space and Flynn (2002); PIER (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pimenta racemosa (bay rum tree)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine)	Present	Introduced		Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Piper aduncum (spiked pepper)	Present, Widespread	Introduced		Hartemink (2006)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Piper auritum	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2013); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Plectranthus amboinicus (Indian borage)	Present		Invasive	PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Plectranthus scutellarioides (coleus)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pluchea carolinensis (sourbush)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pseudelephantopus spicatus (false elephant’s foot)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Imada (2004); PIER (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Psidium guajava (guava)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pueraria montana var. lobata (kudzu)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2007); EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ricinus communis (castor bean)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2014); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rivina humilis (bloodberry)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Russelia equisetiformis (firecracker plant)	Present, Few occurrences	Introduced		PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Salvia occidentalis (West Indian sage)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Samanea saman (rain tree)	Present	Introduced		World Agroforestry Centre (2002); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sanchezia parvibracteata (sanchezia)	Present	Introduced		Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sanchezia speciosa (shrubby whitevein)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Schefflera actinophylla (umbrella tree)	Present	Introduced		Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna alata (candle bush)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Whistler (1983); Swarbrick (1989); Mackey et al. (1997)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna occidentalis (coffee senna)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2016); Whistler (1983)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna septemtrionalis (smooth senna)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna siamea (yellow cassia)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna surattensis (golden senna)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sesbania grandiflora (sesbania)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sesbania sesban (sesban)	Present	Introduced		Orwa et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sida acuta (sida)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Waterhouse and Norris (1987); Whistler (1988); Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum mammosum (nipplefruit nightshade)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum mauritianum (tobacco tree)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	CABI (Undated); Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum torvum (turkey berry)	Present			Whistler (1983); Waterhouse (1997)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sonchus asper (spiny sow-thistle)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Whistler (1983); PIER (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Spathoglottis plicata (Philippine ground orchid)	Present	Native		Govaerts (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sphagneticola trilobata (wedelia)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2008); Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Stachys arvensis (staggerweed)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Stachytarpheta cayennensis (blue snakeweed)	Present, Few occurrences	Introduced		Yuncker (1959); PIER (2015); USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Jamaica vervain)	Present			Whistler (1983)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Stachytarpheta urticifolia (rattail)	Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)			Ellison (1990); Moldenke (1980); Franklin et al. (1999)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Stictocardia tiliifolia (spottedheart)	Present			PIER (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Syzygium cumini (black plum)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Syzygium jambos (rose apple)	Present, Planted	Introduced		Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tamarindus indica (tamarind)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion)	Present	Introduced		Holm et al. (1997); Swarbrick (1997); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tecoma stans (yellow bells)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond)	Present			Thomson and Evans (2006); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Thespesia populnea (portia tree)	Present			Friday and Okano (2006)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Thunbergia alata (black eyed Susan)	Present	Introduced		Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Thunbergia fragrans (whitelady)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2018); USDA-ARS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Toona ciliata (toon)	Present	Introduced		Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) (2011); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tradescantia spathacea (boat lily)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tradescantia zebrina (wandering jew)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Yuncker (1959)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tridax procumbens (coat buttons)	Present			Waterhouse (1997)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Triumfetta rhomboidea (diamond burbark)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Triumfetta semitriloba (burweed)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Urena lobata (caesar weed)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Flynn (2001); PIER (2004)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Urochloa distachya (signal grass)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Urochloa mutica (para grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Space and Flynn (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Urochloa reptans (sprawling signalgrass)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Vigna marina (beach bean)	Present	Native		Yuncker (1953)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Vitex trifolia	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Youngia japonica (oriental false hawksbeard)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Zingiber zerumbet (shampoo ginger)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Govaerts (2013)
Virus			Banana bunchy top virus (bunchy top of banana)	Present		Invasive	Pearson and Grisoni (2002); CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2020)
Virus			Banana streak disease	Present			Thomas et al. (1994); Lockhart and Jones (1999)
Virus			Papaya ringspot virus	Present			CABI (Undated)
Virus			Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (internal cork disease of sweet potato)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2003); EPPO (2020)

List of Species CSV Output

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Generate a spreadsheet of the List of Species which also includes records from basic datasheets.

Basic datasheets include data mined from various sources (including the CAB Abstracts database and selected invasive species databases). Further confirmation of distribution status should be sought before use.

Download CSV file

Agricultural Production

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2011-2007 | 2006-2002

crop		2011		2010		2009		2008		2007
Bananas	Area Harvested	550	Im	567	Im	592	Im	597	Im	570	F
Bananas	Production Quantity	794	Im	1184	Im	1060	Im	836	Im	840	F
Bananas	Yield	14436.4	Fc	20881.8	Fc	17905.4	Fc	14003.4	Fc	14736.8	Fc
Cassava	Area Harvested	474	Im	536	Im	480	Im	744	Im	770	F
Cassava	Production Quantity	7217	Im	8169	Im	6690	Im	8814	Im	9700	F
Cassava	Yield	152257	Fc	152407	Fc	139375	Fc	118468	Fc	125974	Fc
Citrus Fruit,Total + (Total)	Area Harvested	1217	A	1190	A	1236	A	1210	A	1190	A
Citrus Fruit,Total + (Total)	Production Quantity	2523	A	2835	A	2785	A	3975	A	3800	A
Citrus Fruit,Total + (Total)	Yield	20731.3	Fc	23823.5	Fc	22532.4	Fc	32851.2	Fc	31932.8	Fc
Cocoa beans	Area Harvested
Cocoa beans	Production Quantity
Cocoa beans	Yield
Coconuts	Area Harvested	8409	F	8409	Im	8322	Im	8200	F	8100	F
Coconuts	Production Quantity	61034	Im	58951	Im	59200	*	59200	*	58500	*
Coconuts	Yield	72581.8	Fc	70104.6	Fc	71136.8	Fc	72195.1	Fc	72222.2	Fc
Coffee, green	Area Harvested	10	F	10	F	10	F	10	F	10	F
Coffee, green	Production Quantity	15	F	15	Im	22	Im	23	Im	22	Im
Coffee, green	Yield	15000	Fc	15000	Fc	22000	Fc	23000	Fc	22000	Fc
Fruit excl Melons,Total + (Total)	Area Harvested	5045	A	4960	A	5157	A	5063	A	4965	A
Fruit excl Melons,Total + (Total)	Production Quantity	8865	A	9773	A	10086	A	11638	A	11107	A
Fruit excl Melons,Total + (Total)	Yield	17571.8	Fc	19703.6	Fc	19557.9	Fc	22986.4	Fc	22370.6	Fc
Fruit Fresh Nes	Area Harvested	2611	Im	2551	Im	2651	Im	2594	Im	2553	Im
Fruit Fresh Nes	Production Quantity	1123	Im	1165	Im	1200	Im	1522	Im	1356	Im
Fruit Fresh Nes	Yield	4301.03	Fc	4566.84	Fc	4526.59	Fc	5867.39	Fc	5311.4	Fc
Fruit, tropical fresh nes	Area Harvested	391	Im	382	Im	397	Im	388	Im	382	Im
Fruit, tropical fresh nes	Production Quantity	1844	Im	1912	Im	1970	Im	2033	Im	1811	Im
Fruit, tropical fresh nes	Yield	47161.1	Fc	50052.4	Fc	49622.2	Fc	52396.9	Fc	47408.4	Fc
Groundnuts, with shell	Area Harvested	1978	F	1978	Im	1955	Im	1856	Im	1550	F
Groundnuts, with shell	Production Quantity	1063	F	1063	Im	1036	Im	860	Im	850	F
Groundnuts, with shell	Seed	158.24	Fc	158.24	Fc	158.24	Fc	156.4	Fc	148.48	Fc
Groundnuts, with shell	Yield	5374.12	Fc	5374.12	Fc	5299.23	Fc	4633.62	Fc	5483.87	Fc
Lemons and limes	Area Harvested	982	Im	960	Im	997	Im	976	Im	960	F
Lemons and limes	Production Quantity	1811	Im	1878	Im	1935	Im	2975	Im	2650	F
Lemons and limes	Yield	18442	Fc	19562.5	Fc	19408.2	Fc	30481.6	Fc	27604.2	Fc
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total)	Area Harvested	10387	A	10387	A	10277	A	10056	A	9650	A
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total)	Production Quantity	5286.66	A	5120.02	A	5129.68	A	5062.8	A	5003	A
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total)	Seed	60.13	A	60.13	A	60.13	A	59.43	A	56.42	A
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total)	Yield	5089.69	Fc	4929.26	Fc	4991.42	Fc	5034.61	Fc	5184.46	Fc
Oilcrops Primary + (Total)	Area Harvested	10387	A	10387	A	10277	A	10056	A	9650	A
Oilcrops Primary + (Total)	Production Quantity	8253.32	A	7982.53	A	8006.8	A	7954	A	7860	A
Oilcrops Primary + (Total)	Seed	47.47	A	47.47	A	47.47	A	46.92	A	44.54	A
Oilcrops Primary + (Total)	Yield	7945.82	Fc	7685.12	Fc	7790.99	Fc	7909.71	Fc	8145.08	Fc
Oranges	Area Harvested	235	Im	230	Im	239	Im	234	Im	230	F
Oranges	Production Quantity	712	Im	957	Im	850	Im	1000	Im	1150	F
Oranges	Yield	30297.9	Fc	41608.7	Fc	35564.8	Fc	42735	Fc	50000	Fc
Plantains	Area Harvested	276	Im	270	Im	281	Im	274	Im	270	F
Plantains	Production Quantity	2581	Im	2677	Im	3071	Im	3272	Im	3300	F
Plantains	Yield	93514.5	Fc	99148.1	Fc	109288	Fc	119416	Fc	122222	Fc
Pumpkins, squash and gourds	Area Harvested	2215	Im	2159	Im	2031	Im	2250	Im	2100	F
Pumpkins, squash and gourds	Production Quantity	18693	Im	21450	Im	21251	Im	23441	Im	21000	F
Pumpkins, squash and gourds	Yield	84392.8	Fc	99351.6	Fc	104633	Fc	104182	Fc	100000	Fc
Roots and Tubers, nes	Area Harvested	255	Im	289	Im	259	Im	334	Im	270	F
Roots and Tubers, nes	Production Quantity	2023	Im	2290	Im	2123	Im	2491	Im	2200	F
Roots and Tubers, nes	Yield	79333.3	Fc	79238.8	Fc	81969.1	Fc	74580.8	Fc	81481.5	Fc
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total)	Area Harvested	2076	A	2349	A	2104	A	2836	A	2460	A
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total)	Production Quantity	23282	A	26353	A	23227	A	27755	A	27200	A
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total)	Yield	112148	Fc	112188	Fc	110394	Fc	97866.7	Fc	110569	Fc
Spices, nes	Area Harvested	85	F	85	F	85	Im	91	Im	90	F
Spices, nes	Production Quantity	229	F	229	Im	298	Im	226	Im	290	F
Spices, nes	Yield	26941.2	Fc	26941.2	Fc	35058.8	Fc	24835.2	Fc	32222.2	Fc
Sweet potatoes	Area Harvested	569	Im	644	Im	577	Im	743	Im	600	F
Sweet potatoes	Production Quantity	5965	Im	6752	Im	6261	Im	5688	Im	6800	F
Sweet potatoes	Yield	104833	Fc	104845	Fc	108510	Fc	76554.5	Fc	113333	Fc
Taro (cocoyam)	Area Harvested	426	Im	482	Im	432	Im	557	Im	450	F
Taro (cocoyam)	Production Quantity	3193	Im	3614	Im	4179	Im	4302	Im	3800	F
Taro (cocoyam)	Yield	74953.1	Fc	74979.3	Fc	96736.1	Fc	77235.2	Fc	84444.4	Fc
Tomatoes	Area Harvested	26	Im	24	Im	20	Im	19	Im	22	Im
Tomatoes	Production Quantity	508	Im	795	Im	741	Im	500	F	500	F
Tomatoes	Yield	195385	Fc	331250	Fc	370500	Fc	263158	Fc	227273	Fc
Vanilla	Area Harvested	299	F	299	F	299	Im	322	Im	320	F
Vanilla	Production Quantity	202	F	202	Im	263	Im	199	Im	150	F
Vanilla	Yield	6755.85	Fc	6755.85	Fc	8795.99	Fc	6180.12	Fc	4687.5	Fc
Vegetables fresh nes	Area Harvested	4550	Im	4435	Im	4171	Im	3989	Im	4600	F
Vegetables fresh nes	Production Quantity	5597	Im	6422	Im	6362	Im	5658	Im	5700	F
Vegetables fresh nes	Yield	12301.1	Fc	14480.3	Fc	15252.9	Fc	14184	Fc	12391.3	Fc
Vegetables Primary + (Total)	Area Harvested	6862	A	6687	A	6287	A	6327	A	6792	A
Vegetables Primary + (Total)	Production Quantity	25269	A	29207	A	28974	A	30317	A	27850	A
Vegetables Primary + (Total)	Yield	36824.5	Fc	43677.3	Fc	46085.6	Fc	47916.9	Fc	41004.1	Fc
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total)	Area Harvested	6862	A	6687	A	6287	A	6327	A	6792	A
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total)	Production Quantity	25269	A	29207	A	28974	A	30317	A	27850	A
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total)	Yield	36824.5	Fc	43677.3	Fc	46085.6	Fc	47916.9	Fc	41004.1	Fc
Watermelons	Area Harvested	71	Im	69	Im	65	Im	69	Im	70	F
Watermelons	Production Quantity	471	Im	540	Im	620	Im	718	Im	650	F
Watermelons	Yield	66338	Fc	78260.9	Fc	95384.6	Fc	104058	Fc	92857.1	Fc
Yams	Area Harvested	352	Im	398	Im	356	Im	458	Im	370	F
Yams	Production Quantity	4884	Im	5528	Im	3974	Im	6460	Im	4700	F
Yams	Yield	138750	Fc	138894	Fc	111629	Fc	141048	Fc	127027	Fc

2011-2007 | 2006-2002

crop		2006		2005		2004		2003		2002
Bananas	Area Harvested	550	F	399	Im	418	Im	410	Im	484	Im
Bananas	Production Quantity	800	F	525	Im	508	Im	522	Im	619	Im
Bananas	Yield	14545.5	Fc	13157.9	Fc	12153.1	Fc	12731.7	Fc	12789.3	Fc
Cassava	Area Harvested	750	F	758	Im	738	Im	732	Im	758	Im
Cassava	Production Quantity	9500	F	9929	Im	9946	Im	9412	Im	9667	Im
Cassava	Yield	126667	Fc	130989	Fc	134770	Fc	128579	Fc	127533	Fc
Citrus Fruit,Total + (Total)	Area Harvested	1170	A	1980	A	1941	A	1861	A	1898	A
Citrus Fruit,Total + (Total)	Production Quantity	3700	A	3121	A	2874	A	3650	A	3671	A
Citrus Fruit,Total + (Total)	Yield	31623.9	Fc	15762.6	Fc	14806.8	Fc	19613.1	Fc	19341.4	Fc
Cocoa beans	Area Harvested
Cocoa beans	Production Quantity
Cocoa beans	Yield
Coconuts	Area Harvested	8800	F	7342	Im	6900	Im	7164	Im	7234	Im
Coconuts	Production Quantity	63000	*	58000	*	58000	*	58000	*	58000	*
Coconuts	Yield	71590.9	Fc	78997.6	Fc	84058	Fc	80960.4	Fc	80176.9	Fc
Coffee, green	Area Harvested	10	F	8	Im	8	F	8	F	8	F
Coffee, green	Production Quantity	18	F	17	Im	14	Im	16	Im	17	Im
Coffee, green	Yield	18000	Fc	21250	Fc	17500	Fc	20000	Fc	21250	Fc
Fruit excl Melons,Total + (Total)	Area Harvested	4761	A	5345	A	5266	A	5059	A	5226	A
Fruit excl Melons,Total + (Total)	Production Quantity	11272	A	9424	A	8896	A	9219	A	9590	A
Fruit excl Melons,Total + (Total)	Yield	23675.7	Fc	17631.4	Fc	16893.3	Fc	18223	Fc	18350.5	Fc
Fruit Fresh Nes	Area Harvested	2419	Im	2336	Im	2290	Im	2196	Im	2240	Im
Fruit Fresh Nes	Production Quantity	1529	Im	1623	Im	1549	Im	1418	Im	1489	Im
Fruit Fresh Nes	Yield	6320.79	Fc	6947.77	Fc	6764.19	Fc	6457.19	Fc	6647.32	Fc
Fruit, tropical fresh nes	Area Harvested	362	Im	350	Im	343	Im	329	Im	336	Im
Fruit, tropical fresh nes	Production Quantity	2043	Im	2169	Im	2070	Im	1895	Im	1990	Im
Fruit, tropical fresh nes	Yield	56436.5	Fc	61971.4	Fc	60349.8	Fc	57598.8	Fc	59226.2	Fc
Groundnuts, with shell	Area Harvested	868	Im	956	Im	1097	Im	1007	Im	748	Im
Groundnuts, with shell	Production Quantity	529	Im	633	Im	513	Im	515	Im	583	Im
Groundnuts, with shell	Seed	124	Fc	69.44	Fc	76.48	Fc	87.76	Fc	80.56	Fc
Groundnuts, with shell	Yield	6094.47	Fc	6621.34	Fc	4676.39	Fc	5114.2	Fc	7794.12	Fc
Lemons and limes	Area Harvested	950	F	1779	Im	1744	Im	1672	Im	1705	Im
Lemons and limes	Production Quantity	2600	F	2215	Im	2153	Im	2565	Im	2850	Im
Lemons and limes	Yield	27368.4	Fc	12450.8	Fc	12345.2	Fc	15340.9	Fc	16715.5	Fc
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total)	Area Harvested	9668	A	8298	A	7997	A	8171	A	7982	A
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total)	Production Quantity	5241.02	A	4880.54	A	4834.94	A	4835.7	A	4861.54	A
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total)	Seed	47.12	A	26.39	A	29.06	A	33.35	A	30.61	A
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total)	Yield	5421	Fc	5881.59	Fc	6045.94	Fc	5918.13	Fc	6090.63	Fc
Oilcrops Primary + (Total)	Area Harvested	9668	A	8298	A	7997	A	8171	A	7982	A
Oilcrops Primary + (Total)	Production Quantity	8348.7	A	7729.9	A	7693.9	A	7694.5	A	7714.9	A
Oilcrops Primary + (Total)	Seed	37.2	A	20.83	A	22.94	A	26.33	A	24.17	A
Oilcrops Primary + (Total)	Yield	8635.4	Fc	9315.38	Fc	9620.98	Fc	9416.84	Fc	9665.37	Fc
Oranges	Area Harvested	220	F	201	Im	197	Im	189	Im	193	Im
Oranges	Production Quantity	1100	F	906	Im	721	Im	1085	Im	821	Im
Oranges	Yield	50000	Fc	45074.6	Fc	36599	Fc	57407.4	Fc	42538.9	Fc
Plantains	Area Harvested	260	F	280	Im	274	Im	263	Im	268	Im
Plantains	Production Quantity	3200	F	1986	Im	1895	Im	1734	Im	1821	Im
Plantains	Yield	123077	Fc	70928.6	Fc	69160.6	Fc	65931.6	Fc	67947.8	Fc
Pumpkins, squash and gourds	Area Harvested	2203	Im	2271	Im	2065	Im	2169	Im	2000	F
Pumpkins, squash and gourds	Production Quantity	23388	Im	18889	Im	17891	Im	19355	Im	20000	F
Pumpkins, squash and gourds	Yield	106164	Fc	83174.8	Fc	86639.2	Fc	89234.7	Fc	100000	Fc
Roots and Tubers, nes	Area Harvested	251	Im	259	Im	252	Im	250	F	298	Im
Roots and Tubers, nes	Production Quantity	2049	Im	2109	Im	2113	Im	2000	F	2553	Im
Roots and Tubers, nes	Yield	81633.5	Fc	81428.6	Fc	83849.2	Fc	80000	Fc	85671.1	Fc
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total)	Area Harvested	2331	A	2331	A	2270	A	2251	A	2370	A
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total)	Production Quantity	26649	A	28234	A	28524	A	27768	A	28052	A
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total)	Yield	114324	Fc	121124	Fc	125656	Fc	123359	Fc	118363	Fc
Spices, nes	Area Harvested	85	F	59	Im	71	Im	80	F	80	F
Spices, nes	Production Quantity	270	F	257	Im	254	Im	208	Im	235	Im
Spices, nes	Yield	31764.7	Fc	43559.3	Fc	35774.7	Fc	26000	Fc	29375	Fc
Sweet potatoes	Area Harvested	550	F	500	Im	487	Im	483	Im	500	F
Sweet potatoes	Production Quantity	6750	F	5699	Im	5951	Im	6406	Im	6000	F
Sweet potatoes	Yield	122727	Fc	113980	Fc	122197	Fc	132629	Fc	120000	Fc
Taro (cocoyam)	Area Harvested	420	F	467	Im	455	Im	451	Im	467	Im
Taro (cocoyam)	Production Quantity	3750	F	4896	Im	4904	Im	4641	Im	4369	Im
Taro (cocoyam)	Yield	89285.7	Fc	104839	Fc	107780	Fc	102905	Fc	93554.6	Fc
Tomatoes	Area Harvested	23	Im	24	Im	25	Im	22	Im	23	Im
Tomatoes	Production Quantity	487	Im	447	Im	511	Im	417	Im	460	Im
Tomatoes	Yield	211739	Fc	186250	Fc	204400	Fc	189545	Fc	200000	Fc
Vanilla	Area Harvested	300	F	207	Im	250	Im	290	F	290	F
Vanilla	Production Quantity	140	F	133	Im	131	Im	107	Im	121	Im
Vanilla	Yield	4666.67	Fc	6425.12	Fc	5240	Fc	3689.66	Fc	4172.41	Fc
Vegetables fresh nes	Area Harvested	4500	F	3821	Im	3904	Im	3948	Im	3605	Im
Vegetables fresh nes	Production Quantity	5600	F	8155	Im	8695	Im	7955	Im	8277	Im
Vegetables fresh nes	Yield	12444.4	Fc	21342.6	Fc	22272	Fc	20149.4	Fc	22959.8	Fc
Vegetables Primary + (Total)	Area Harvested	6787	A	6169	A	6043	A	6196	A	5687	A
Vegetables Primary + (Total)	Production Quantity	30226	A	28106	A	27810	A	28356	A	29303	A
Vegetables Primary + (Total)	Yield	44535.1	Fc	45560.1	Fc	46020.2	Fc	45765	Fc	51526.3	Fc
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total)	Area Harvested	6787	A	6169	A	6043	A	6196	A	5687	A
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total)	Production Quantity	30226	A	28106	A	27810	A	28356	A	29303	A
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total)	Yield	44535.1	Fc	45560.1	Fc	46020.2	Fc	45765	Fc	51526.3	Fc
Watermelons	Area Harvested	61	Im	53	Im	49	Im	57	Im	59	Im
Watermelons	Production Quantity	751	Im	615	Im	713	Im	629	Im	566	Im
Watermelons	Yield	123115	Fc	116038	Fc	145510	Fc	110351	Fc	95932.2	Fc
Yams	Area Harvested	360	F	347	Im	338	Im	335	Im	347	Im
Yams	Production Quantity	4600	F	5601	Im	5610	Im	5309	Im	5463	Im
Yams	Yield	127778	Fc	161412	Fc	165976	Fc	158478	Fc	157435	Fc

Land Usage

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2011-2007 | 2006-2002

land use		2011		2010		2009		2008		2007
Agricultural area	Area	31	Fm	31	Fm	31	Fm	30	Fm	31	Fm
Arable land	Area	16	Fm	16	Fm	16	Fm	15	Fm	15	Fm
Arable land and Permanent crops	Area	27	Fm	27	Fm	27	Fm	26	Fm	27	Fm
Country area	Area	75	W	75	W	75	W	75	W	75	W
Forest area	Area	9	Fm	9	Q	9	Fm	9	Fm	9	Fm
Inland water	Area	3	Fm	3	Fm	3	Fm	3	Fm	3	Fm
Land area	Area	72	W	72	W	72	W	72	W	72	Fm
Other land	Area	32	Fm	32	Fm	32	Fm	33	Fm	32	Fm
Permanent crops	Area	11	Fm	11	Fm	11	Fm	11	Fm	12	Fm
Permanent meadows and pastures	Area	4	Fm	4	Fm	4	Fm	4	Fm	4	Fm

Land Usage: (1000 Ha)
E = Expert sources from FAO (including other divisions) | Fm = Manual Estimation | I = Country data reported by International Organizations where the country is a member (Semi-official) - WTO, EU, UNSD, etc. | Q = Official data reported on FAO Questionnaires from countries | W = Data reported on country official publications or web sites (Official) or trade country files

2011-2007 | 2006-2002

land use		2006		2005		2004		2003		2002
Agricultural area	Area	30	Fm	30	Fm	30	Fm	30	F	30	F
Arable land	Area	15	Fm	15	Fm	15	Fm	15	F	15	F
Arable land and Permanent crops	Area	26	Fm	26	Fm	26	Fm	26	F	26	F
Country area	Area	75	W	75	W	75	W	75	Q	75	Q
Forest area	Area	9	Fm	9	Q	9	Fm	9	Fm	9	Fm
Inland water	Area	3	Fm	3	Fm	3	Fm	3	Fm	3	Fm
Land area	Area	72	Fm	72	Fm	72	Fm	72	Q	72	Q
Other land	Area	33	Fm	33	Fm	33	Fm	33	Fm	33	Fm
Permanent crops	Area	11	Fm	11	Fm	11	Fm	11	F	11	F
Permanent meadows and pastures	Area	4	Fm	4	Fm	4	Fm	4	F	4	F

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Invasive Species Compendium

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Summary

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Agricultural Production

Land Usage