| | | yellow head virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); Chantanachookin et al. (1993); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Clavibacter michiganensis (bacterial canker of tomato) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2009) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Dermatophilus congolensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (sugarcane ratoon stunting disease) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Bacteroidetes | Paenibacillus larvae | Present | | | Chen YueWen et al. (2008) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Bacillus anthracis | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris (yellow disease phytoplasmas) | Present | | | Schneider et al. (1993) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Melissococcus plutonius | Present | | | Neramitmansook et al. (2003) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma gallisepticum | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) type | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma synoviae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Acidovorax citrulli (fruit blotch) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Anaplasma marginale | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella abortus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella melitensis | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella ovis | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella suis | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Burkholderia pseudomallei | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Hepatobacter penaei | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Asian greening) | Present | | | Bové (2006); Tomimura et al. (2009); Akarapisan et al. (2016); CABI/EPPO (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | citrus huanglongbing (greening) disease (citrus greening) | Present | | | EPPO (2019); Promintara (1990) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Coxiella burnetii | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ehrlichia ruminantium | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Francisella tularensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pasteurella multocida | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 (bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 (moko disease) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2021) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella Abortusequi | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella abortusovis | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella choleraesuis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella enteritidis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella gallinarum | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella paratyphi | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella pullorum | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Taylorella equigenitalis | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Vibrio parahaemolyticus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); Kongrueng et al. (2015); Chonsin et al. (2016); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (cassava bacterial blight) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); UK, CAB International (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (bean blight) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas citri (citrus canker) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); Lan Bui Thi Ngoc et al. (2010); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (bacterial leaf streak of rice) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xenohaliotis californiensis | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | | Wetchateng et al. (2010); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Spirochaetes | Leptospira interrogans | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Aphanomyces astaci | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Aphanomyces invadans | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Peronosclerospora philippinensis (Philippine downy mildew of maize) | Present | | | Senanarong (1975); UK, CAB International (1989); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Peronosclerospora sorghi (sorghum downy mildew) | Present | Native | | Bhat et al. (1979); ICRISAT (1982); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora colocasiae (taro leaf blight) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora infestans (Phytophthora blight) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1982); Jaimasit and Prakob (2010) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Plasmopara viticola (grapevine downy mildew) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Alternaria japonica (pod spot of radish) | Present | | | Herb IMI (undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew of grasses and cereals) | Present | | | Amano (1986) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Ceratocystis fimbriata (Ceratocystis blight) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Claviceps africana (ergot) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Frederickson et al. (1991); CABI and EPPO (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Colletotrichum acutatum (black spot of strawberry) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2010) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Panama disease of banana) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Fourie et al. (2009); CABI and EPPO (2015); Czislowski et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) | Present, Few occurrences | | | IPPC (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Gibberella indica (wilt of pigeon pea) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Guignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka) | Present | Introduced | | CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella gibsonii (needle blight of pine) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Ivory (1994) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Pseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Sphaeropsis sapinea (Sphaeropsis blight) | Present | | | Chandrasrikul (1962); Punithalingham and Waterston (1970) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Trichoconiella padwickii (stackburn disease) | Present | | | Ou (1963); UK, CAB International (1984) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phakopsora euvitis (grape rust fungus) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Ono (2000); CABI and EPPO (2007) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soyabean rust) | Present | | | Poonpolgul and Surin (1980); Lorsuwan et al. (1984); Poolpol and Pupipat (1985); Ono et al. (1992); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia graminis (stem rust of cereals) | Present, Few occurrences | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia horiana (white rust of chrysanthemum) | Present | | | Charumas et al. (1988); CABI and EPPO (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia kuehnii (orange rust) | Present | | | Ricaud et al. (1989); Magarey (2000); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Sporisorium sacchari (Asian sugarcane smut) | Present | | | Shivas et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); McLeod et al. (2008); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Acarapis woodi (honeybee mite) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Adoretus sinicus (Chinese rose beetle) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1981); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) | Present | | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aethina tumida | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1969); APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurocanthus woglumi (citrus blackfly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Clausen and Berry (1932); Mound and Halsey (1978); UK, CAB International (1995) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurodicus destructor (coconut whitefly) | Present | | | APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurodicus dispersus (whitefly) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993); Saengyot (2016); EPPO (2022); NHM (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anoplolepis gracilipes (yellow crazy ant) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidiella aurantii (red scale) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidiella orientalis (oriental yellow scale) | Present | | | NHM (1994) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidomytilus albus (tapioca scale) | Present | Introduced | | APPPC (1987); Wongkobrat (1988); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis craccivora (groundnut aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1983); APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1968); APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid) | Present | Native | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1969) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Apis cerana | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Apis mellifera | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Artemia (brine shrimp) | Present | Introduced | | Lavens and Sorgeloos (2000) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale) | Present | | | APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aulacaspis yasumatsui (cycad aulacaspis scale) | Present | Native | | NHM (1972); Nakao et al. (1977); CABI and EPPO (2000); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); Giorgi and Vandenberg (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera carambolae (carambola fruit fly) | Present, Localized | | | Drew and Hancock (1994); Muraji and Nakahara (2002); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera correcta (guava fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | | | White and Elson-Harris (1992); Allwood et al. (1999); Chinajariyawong et al. (2000); Clarke et al. (2001); CABI and EPPO (2003); Somta et al. (2010); Orankanok et al. (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera cucurbitae (melon fly) | Present | | Invasive | Clausen et al. (1965); CABI and EPPO (2003); Somta et al. (2010); Boontop et al. (2017); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993); Drew and Hancock (1994); Clarke et al. (2001); Muraji and Nakahara (2002); Nakahara et al. (2008); Schutze et al. (2012); Schutze et al. (2012); Shi Wei et al. (2012); Wan XuanWu et al. (2012); CABI/EPPO (2013); San Jose et al. (2013); Aketarawong et al. (2014); Wu ZhongZhen et al. (2014); Chinvinijkul et al. (2015); Ihsan-ul-Haq et al. (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera latifrons (Solanum fruit fly) | Present | | | Clausen et al. (1965); Hardy (1973); Tigvattananont (1986); Clarke et al. (2001); Wingsanoi and Siri (2012); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera tau | Present | | | NHM (undated); Baimai et al. (2000); Drew and Romig (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera umbrosa | Present | | | White and Elson-Harris (1994); Tigvattananont (1986) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera zonata (peach fruit fly) | Present | Native | | Hardy (1973); Tigvatananont and Areekul (1984); CABI and EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993); CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); Hu Jian et al. (2015); Götz and Winter (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Blattella germanica (German cockroach) | Present | Introduced | | Tawatsin et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Boophilus microplus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Brachyponera chinensis (Asian needle ant) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated); Nelder et al. (2006); Miner (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Brevipalpus phoenicis (false spider mite) | Present | | | Yano et al. (1995); CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Brontispa longissima (coconut hispine beetle) | Present | | | Rethinam and Singh (2007); Pundee et al. (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Callosobruchus chinensis (Chinese bruchid) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Charybdis hellerii | Present, Widespread | Native | | Stephenson (1972) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Charybdis japonica (lady crab) | Present | Native | | Wee and Ng (1995) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cherax quadricarinatus (redclaw crayfish) | Present | Introduced | | Chang (2001); FAO-DIAS (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chilo partellus (spotted stem borer) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1989); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chilo suppressalis (striped rice stem borer) | Present | Native | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1977); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus aonidum (circular scale) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1969) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screw-worm) | Present | Native | Invasive | James (1947); OIE (2019); OIE (2019); OIE (2020) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cirrospilus ingenuus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Coccidohystrix insolita (eggplant mealybug) | Present | | | Veilleux et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Conopomorpha cramerella (cocoa pod borer) | Present | | | Mumford and Ho (1988); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Coptotermes (termites) | Present | | | Wongkobrat (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Coptotermes curvignathus (rubber termite) | Present | | | Ahmad (1965); Rao (1974); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Coptotermes gestroi (Asian subterranean termite) | Present | Native | | Kirton and Brown (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Crossopriza lyoni | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) | Present, Widespread | | | Bram (1967) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cylas formicarius (sweet potato weevil) | Present, Widespread | | | UK, CAB International (1970); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dacus ciliatus (lesser pumpkin fly) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dialeurodes citri (citrus whitefly) | Present | | | Mound and Halsey (1978); International Institute of Entomology (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993); CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Diaspidiotus perniciosus (San José scale) | Present | | | Danzig (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dichromothrips corbetti | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila) | Present | Native | | Hauser (2011); CABI and EPPO (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug) | Present | | | Pitaksa et al. (2000); Williams (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus neobrevipes (grey pineapple mealybug) | Present, Widespread | | | Sarkar et al. (2014); Williams (2004); GarcĂa Morales et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Echinothrips americanus | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Erionota thrax (banana skipper) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1981); Pinratana (1985); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Erionota torus (banana skipper) | Present, Localized | Native | | Pinratana (1985) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Euwallacea fornicatus (polyphagous shot-hole borer) | Present | Native | | Stouthamer et al. (2017); Gomez et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Euwallacea perbrevis (tea shot-hole borer) | Present | Native | | APPPC (1987); Beaver (1990); Wood and Bright (1992); Waterhouse (1993); CABI and EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ferrisia virgata (striped mealybug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966); APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993); Ben-Dov (1994); Kaydan and Gullan (2012); Suh SooJung and Bombay (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gynaikothrips ficorum (Cuban laurel thrips) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1983); Waterhouse (1993); Saengyot (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1993); Waterhouse (1993); Parnell et al. (1999); Bhonwong et al. (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (black tea thrips) | Present | | | KudĂ´ (1980); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hemiberlesia lataniae (latania scale) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Heteropsylla cubana (leucaena psyllid) | Present | | | Napompeth (1990); Showler and Melcher (1995) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer) | Present | | | RTDA (Royal Thai Department of Agriculture) (1965); Waterhouse (1993); Cristancho et al. (2007); Saengyot (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Idioscopus clypealis (mango leafhopper) | Present | | | Viraktamath (1989); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Idioscopus nagpurensis (mango leafhopper) | Present | | | Viraktamath (1989); Hongsaprug (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Idioscopus nitidulus (mango leafhopper) | Present | | | Viraktamath (1989); Waterhouse (1993); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Leptocybe invasa (blue gum chalcid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Sangtongpraow et al. (2011); CABI and EPPO (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Lernaea cyprinacea | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza huidobrensis (serpentine leafminer) | Present | Introduced | | CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza sativae (vegetable leaf miner) | Present, Localized | | | Martinez (1994); Sappanukhro et al. (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022); Rushtapakornchai and Petchwichit (1996); Sappanukhro et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Litopenaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug) | Present | Native | | Takahashi (1942); Williams (2004); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Macrobrachium rosenbergii (giant freshwater prawn) | Present | Native | | New (2000) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1979); APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nezara viridula (green stink bug) | Present, Localized | | | UK, CAB International (1970); APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nipaecoccus nipae (spiked mealybug) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Waterhouse (1993); CABI and EPPO (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nipaecoccus viridis (spherical mealybug) | Present | | | Williams (2004); CABI and EPPO (2005); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Opogona sacchari (banana moth) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oryctes rhinoceros (coconut rhinoceros beetle) | Present | | | APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oryzaephilus surinamensis (saw toothed grain beetle) | Present | | | Champ and Dyte (1976); APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (cotton, seed bug) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Papilio demoleus (chequered swallowtail) | Present, Widespread | | | Pinratana (1977); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paracoccus marginatus (papaya mealybug) | Present | Introduced | | Muniappan et al. (2009); CABI/EPPO (2012); Ahmed et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paratrechina longicornis (crazy ant) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pealius mori (mulberry whitefly) | Present | | | Maketon et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm) | Present | | | Anthony and Jones (1963); APPPC (1987); UK, CAB International (1990); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Penaeus monodon (giant tiger prawn) | Present | Native | | Holthuis (1980); Dore and Frimodt (1987) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phenacoccus manihoti (cassava mealybug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Parsa et al. (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phenacoccus solenopsis (cotton mealybug) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Abbas et al. (2009); Muniappan (2009); CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phthorimaea operculella (potato tuber moth) | Present | | | APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993); CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phyllocnistis citrella (citrus leaf miner) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1986); Weerawut (1990); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993); CABI and EPPO (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Platypus quercivorus (oak ambrosia beetle) | Present | | | Beaver and Sanguansub (2020) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) | Present, Widespread | | | UK, CAB International (1967) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Polyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mite) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Prostephanus truncatus (larger grain borer) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pyroderces rileyi (corn, worm, pink) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Quadrastichus erythrinae (Erythrina gall wasp) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Raoiella indica (red palm mite) | Present | | | Kane et al. (2005); Kane et al. (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rastrococcus invadens (fruit tree mealybug) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (red palm weevil) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993); CABI and EPPO (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer) | Present, Widespread | | | Sukprakarn (1985) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Saissetia oleae (olive scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1952); Ben-Dov (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Scirtothrips dorsalis (chilli thrips) | Present | Native | | Mound and Palmer (1981); APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993); CABI and EPPO (2010); Farris et al. (2010); Toda et al. (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sepedomerus macropus (liverfluke snail predator fly) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Papp et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sepedon aenescens (snail-killing fly) | Present | | | Yano (1978); Knutson and Orth (1984); Knutson and Ghorpade (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sesamia cretica (greater sugarcane borer) | Present | Native | | UK, CAB International (1968); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus granarius (grain weevil) | Present | | | Champ and Dyte (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus zeamais (greater grain weevil) | Present | | | Champ and Dyte (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitotroga cerealella (grain moth) | Present | | | Sukprakarn (1985) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera exempta (black armyworm) | Present | | | Pogue (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) | Present | Introduced | | IPPC (2018); IPPC (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera litura (taro caterpillar) | Present | | Invasive | APPPC (1987); UK, CAB International (1993); Waterhouse (1993); Petlamul and Prasertsan (2012); Ruttanaphan et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sternochetus mangiferae (mango seed weevil) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | CABI (Undated); Waterhouse (1993); Chaisawat (2006); EPPO (2022); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant) | Present | Introduced | | Wetterer (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993); International Institute of Entomology (1996) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Thrips palmi (melon thrips) | Present | | | Okajima et al. (1992); Hirose et al. (1993); Waterhouse (1993); Yasunaga and Miyamoto (1993); Kajita et al. (1996); CABI and EPPO (1998); Kox et al. (2005); Walsh et al. (2005); Kadirvel et al. (2013); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid) | Present | | | APPPC (1987); CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trialeurodes ricini (castor bean whitefly) | Present | Native | | Martin (1987); Waterhouse (1993); Martin et al. (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trirachys holosericeus (apple stem borer) | Present | Native | | Gahan (1906); Khan and Maiti (1983); Mitra et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trogoderma granarium (khapra beetle) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tropilaelaps | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); Vongpakorn and Neramitmansook (2003); OIE (2019); OIE (2020) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tropilaelaps clareae | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Varroa destructor (Varroa mite) | Present | | | Warrit et al. (2006); Laigo and Morse (1969); Chantawannakul et al. (2006); OIE (2019); OIE (2019); OIE (2020) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Varroa jacobsoni (Varroa mite) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Vespa velutina (Asian hornet) | Present | Native | | Archer (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus glabratus (redbay ambrosia beetle) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus perforans (island pinhole borer) | Present | Native | | UK, CAB International (1973); Wood and Bright (1992); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus similis | Present | Native | | Wood and Bright (1992); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus volvulus | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus compactus (shot-hole borer) | Present | Native | | Wood and Bright (1992); CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Asian ambrosia beetle) | Present | Native | | Beaver and Browne (1975); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus discolor | Present | Native | | Beaver and Browne (1975) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus morigerus (brown twig beetle) | Present | | | Beaver et al. (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus mutilatus (camphor shoot beetle) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Coyle (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Abbottina rivularis (Chinese false gudgeon) | Present | | | Vidthayanon and Kottelat (1995) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Acridotheres tristis (common myna) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Amphiprion | Present | Native | | Froese and Pauly (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Anser indicus (bar-headed goose) | Present | Native | | BirdLife International (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Aristichthys nobilis (bighead carp) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); Piyakarnchana (1989); FishBase (2004); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bos taurus (cattle) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bubalus bubalis (Asian water buffalo) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | | | Cockrill (1977); Borghese (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bubulcus ibis (cattle egret) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Callosciurus erythraeus (Pallas's squirrel) | Present | Native | | Corbet and Hill (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Callosciurus finlaysonii (Finlayson's squirrel) | Present | Native | | Corbet and Hill (1992); Thorington et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Capra hircus (goats) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Carassius auratus auratus (goldfish) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cettia diphone (Japanese bush-warbler) | Present | Native | | Clement and Juana (2013); Clements et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Channa argus argus (northern snakehead) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | Northern Snakehead Working Group (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Channa marulius (bullseye snakehead) | Present | Native | | Courtenay and Williams (2004); Froese R and Pauly D (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cichlasoma urophthalmum (Mayan cichlid) | Present | Introduced | | Nico et al. (2007); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Clarias batrachus (walking catfish) | Present | Native | | Froese and Pauly (2004); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Clarias gariepinus | Present | Introduced | Invasive | FAO (1997); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Columba livia (pigeons) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Corvus splendens (house crow) | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | Wells (2007); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) | Present | Introduced | | Shireman and Smith (1983); Welcomme (1988); Piyakarnchana (1989); Greathead and Greathead (1992); Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cyprinus carpio (common carp) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); FAO (1996) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Dicrurus macrocercus | Present | Native | | Robson (2000) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Asian common toad) | Present | Native | | Dijk et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Equus ferus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Gambusia affinis (western mosquitofish) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Banpot (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hemidactylus frenatus (common house gecko) | Present, Widespread | Native | | The Reptile Database (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2004); FishBase (2005); Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hypostomus plecostomus (suckermouth catfish) | Present | Introduced | | Bartley (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Vidthayanon (2005); Seebens et al. (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Lutjanus kasmira (blueline snapper) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Allen (1985) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque) | Present | Native | | Jiang et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Macaca mulatta (rhesus macaque) | Present | Native | | Timmins et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (oriental weatherloach) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Monopterus albus (Asian swamp eel) | Present | Native | | Fishbase (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Mylopharyngodon piceus (black amur) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2011); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Myocastor coypus (coypu) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis aureus (blue tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Pullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); Iongh and Zon (1993); Pullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ovis aries (sheep) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (sutchi catfish) | Present | Native | | Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Poecilia reticulata (guppy) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2007); Nico et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Poecilia velifera | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Psittacula eupatria (Alexandrine parakeet) | Present, Widespread, Confirmed present by survey | Native | | Forshaw (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Psittacula krameri (rose-ringed parakeet) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Robson (2005); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pterois volitans (lionfish) | Present | Native | | Froese and Pauly (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pycnonotus jocosus (Red-whiskered bulbul) | Present, Widespread | Native | | BirdLife International (2017); Avibase (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Python bivittatus (Burmese python) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Taylor and Elbel (1958); Cox (1991); Cox et al. (1998); Chan-ard et al. (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rachycentron canadum (cobia) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rana catesbeiana (American bullfrog) | Present | Introduced | | Teixeira et al. (2001); DIAS (2004); Flores Nava (2005); Santos-Barrera et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rattus exulans (Pacific rat) | Present | | | Sudto (1980); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rattus tanezumi (Asian house rat) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rhinella marina (cane toad) | Absent, Formerly present | | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Siganus rivulatus (marbled spinefoot) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Froese and Pauly (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Sus scrofa [ISC] (feral pig) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tilapia zillii (redbelly tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Bartley (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Trachemys scripta elegans (red-eared slider) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Trichopodus trichopterus (three spot gourami) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Vidthayanon et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tyto alba (Barn owl) | Present, Few occurrences | Native | | Wells (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Zosterops japonicus (Japanese white-eye) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Cnidaria | Tubastraea coccinea (orange-cup coral) | Present | | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Echinodermata | Acanthaster planci (crown-of-thorns starfish) | Present | | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Achatina fulica (giant African land snail) | Present | Introduced | | Mead (1961); Mead (1979); Sri-aroon et al. (2010); Dusitsittipon et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Corbicula fluminea (Asian clam) | Present | Native | Invasive | Aguirre and Poss (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Cornu aspersum (common garden snail) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Pattarmanon (1987) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Limnoperna fortunei (golden mussel) | Present | | | Oliveira et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Melanoides tuberculata (red-rimmed melania) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Brandt (1974) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Mytella charruana (Charru mussel) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Sanpanich and Wells (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Mytilopsis sallei (Caribbean false mussel) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Wangkulangkul and Lheknim (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Perna viridis (Asian green mussel) | Present | Native | | NACA (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pinctada imbricata radiata (rayed pearl oyster) | Present | Native | | Poutiers (1998) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail) | Present | Introduced | | Mochida (1991); Halwart and Bartley (2006); Hayes et al. (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pomacea insularum (island applesnail) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pomacea maculata | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Keawjam and Upatham (1990); Hayes et al. (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Anguillicoloides crassus | Present | | | Moravec (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Aphelenchoides besseyi (rice leaf nematode) | Present | | | Timm (1965); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Ditylenchus angustus (rice stem nematode) | Present, Localized | | | Hashioka (1963); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Helicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Taylor et al. (1982); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne enterolobii (Pacara earpod tree root-knot nematode) | Present, Localized | | | Jindapunnapat et al. (2013); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne graminicola (rice root knot nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2001); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne hapla (root knot nematode) | Present | | | Ratanaprapa and Chunram (1988); CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) | Present | | | Chunram (1972); Shepherd and Barker (1990); CABI and EPPO (2002); Ruanpanun and Khun-in (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm) | Present | | | Kanjanasoon (1964); Chunram (1972); Madamba (1981); CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Pratylenchus coffeae (banana root nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Chunram (1972); Siddiqi (1972); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode) | Present | | | Timm (1965); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Trichinella | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Tylenchulus semipenetrans (citrus root nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Chunram (1972); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Gyrodactylus salaris | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Haplorchis pumilio | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Taenia solium | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila abortus | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila psittaci | Absent | | | OIE (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Chlorophyta | Caulerpa taxifolia (killer algae) | Present | Native | | Guiry and Guiry (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Chlorophyta | Ulva reticulata (ribbon sea lettuce) | Present | Native | | Lewmanomont (1998); Ratana-arporn and Chirapart (2006); Ruangchuay et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Angiopteris evecta (king fern) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); ISSG (2018); USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Azolla pinnata (mosquito fern) | Present, Localized | Native | | Takara (1981); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Ceratopteris thalictroides (watersprite) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Christella dentata (soft fern) | Present | Native | | Tagawa and Iwatsuki (1965); GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Cyclosorus parasiticus (parasitic maiden fern) | Present | Native | | Holttum (1976); Boonkerd et al. (2008); To-anun et al. (2010); Lindsay and Middleton (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Deparia petersenii subsp. petersenii (Petersen’s lady fern) | Present | Native | | Kato (1984) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Diplazium esculentum (vegetable fern) | Present | Native | | Irudayaraj (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Lygodium flexuosum (maidenhair creeper) | Present | Native | | USDA-APHIS-PPQ (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Lygodium japonicum (Japanese climbing fern) | Present | Native | | Garrison Hanks (1998); Lindsay and Middleton (2013); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Lygodium microphyllum (old world climbing fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Macrothelypteris torresiana (swordfern) | Present | Native | | Lindsay and Middleton (2012); USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Marsilea minuta (pepperwort) | Present, Widespread | | | Peudpaichit et al. (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Nephrolepis brownii (Asian swordfern) | Present | | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteridium aquilinum (bracken) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris tripartita (giant brake) | Present | Native | | Lindsay and Middleton (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia cucullata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia molesta (kariba weed) | Present | | Invasive | Gunn and Ritchie (1982); Pallewatta et al. (2003); Chomchalow (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Thelypteris opulenta (jewelled maiden fern) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Gracilaria salicornia | Present | Native | | Abbott (1988); Lewmanomont (1994); Silva et al. (1996); Terada et al. (1999); Tseng and Xia (1999) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abelmoschus moschatus (musk mallow) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abrus precatorius (rosary pea) | Present | Native | | PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon hirtum (Indian mallow) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon indicum (country mallow) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993); PIER (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia angustissima (prairie acacia) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia auriculiformis (northern black wattle) | Present | Introduced | | Marcar et al. (1991); Booth and Turnbull (1994); World Agroforestry Centre (2002); Sunpapao and Pitaloka (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia colei | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia crassicarpa (northern wattle) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia cyclops (coastal wattle) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia farnesiana (huisache) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia glauca (wild dividivi) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mangium (brown salwood) | Present | Introduced | | Krisnawati et al. (2011); Orchard and Wilson (2001); Orwa et al. (2009); Kew Royal Botanic Gardens (2016); CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia melanoxylon (Australian blackwood) | Present | Introduced | | Pinyopusarerk and Puriyakorn (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia polyacantha (hook thorn) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthospermum hispidum (bristly starbur) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Achyranthes aspera (devil's horsewhip) | Present, Localized | Native | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Achyranthes japonica (Japanese chaff flower) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acmella uliginosa (marsh para cress) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acrocarpus fraxinifolius (shingle tree) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Adenanthera pavonina (red-bead tree) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012); World Agroforestry Centre (2002); Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aeschynomene americana (shyleaf) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aeschynomene indica (Indian jointvetch) | Present, Widespread | | | Noda et al. (1985) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave americana (century plant) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratina adenophora (Croftonweed) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1991); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); IRRI (1989); Waterhouse (1993); PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum houstonianum (Blue billygoatweed) | Present | Introduced | | PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia chinensis (Chinese albizia) | Present, Planted | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia julibrissin (silk tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris) | Present | Native | | Orwa et al. (2009); Cook et al. (2005); PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia procera (white siris) | Present | Native | | Orwa et al. (2009); ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aleurites moluccanus (candlenut tree) | Present | Native | | Krisnawati et al. (2011); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Allamanda cathartica (yellow allamanda) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alocasia cucullata (Chinese taro) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2019); USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alocasia macrorrhizos (giant taro) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aloe vera (true aloe) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alpinia purpurata (red ginger) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alpinia zerumbet (shell ginger) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2013); USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Sankaran and Ramaseshiah (1974); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera pungens (Khaki weed) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed) | Present, Localized | | | Parham (1958); Holm et al. (1991); Saengyot (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alysicarpus vaginalis (alyce clover) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus blitum (livid amaranth) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus dubius (spleen amaranth) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus hybridus (smooth pigweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1991); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus viridis (slender amaranth) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona muricata (soursop) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona reticulata (bullock's heart) | Present | Introduced | | Jansen et al. (1991); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona squamosa (sugar apple) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Antigonon leptopus (coral vine) | Present | Introduced | | Burke and DiTommaso (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ardisia crenata (coral berry) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ardisia elliptica (shoebutton ardisia) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Areca catechu (betelnut palm) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arenga pinnata (sugar palm) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristolochia ringens (Dutchman’s pipe) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arthraxon hispidus (small carpetgrass) | Present | Native | | Flora of China (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) | Present | Introduced | | Ragone (2006); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) | Present, Planted | | | Sudhi-Aromna et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arundo donax (giant reed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2007); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asclepias curassavica (bloodflower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | USDA-ARS (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Averrhoa bilimbi (bilimbi) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Axonopus compressus (carpet grass) | Present, Widespread | | | Boonklinkajorn (1979); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Azadirachta indica (neem tree) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Boontawee (1996); World Agroforestry Centre (2002); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bacopa monnieri (water hyssop) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa bambos (giant thorny bamboo) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa longispiculata (mahal bamboo) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo) | Present, Planted | Native | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Barleria cristata (Philippine violet) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Barleria lupulina (hophead Philippine violet) | Present | Introduced | | Aguilar (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Barleria prionitis (porcupine flower) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Barringtonia asiatica (sea poison tree) | Present | Native | | Govaerts and Tulig (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Basella alba (malabar spinach) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2017); WCSP (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia monandra (Napoleon's plume) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia purpurea (purple bauhinia) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia variegata (mountain ebony) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bidens pilosa (blackjack) | Present | Introduced | | GRIIS (2018); Moody (1989); Waterhouse (1993); Saengyot (2016); Seebens et al. (2017); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bixa orellana (annatto) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia coccinea (scarlet spiderling) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Borreria latifolia (broadleaf buttonweed) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa bladhii (Caucasian bluestem) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa pertusa (pitted beard grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bromus rigidus (ripgut brome) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Buddleja asiatica (dog tail) | Present | Native | | Li and Leeuwenberg (1996) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia decapetala (Mysore thorn) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2002); PIER (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calliandra houstoniana var. calothyrsus (calliandra) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calophyllum inophyllum (Alexandrian laurel) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo) | Present | Introduced | | FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calotropis gigantea (Yercum fibre) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calotropis procera (apple of sodom) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia cathartica | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia gladiata (sword bean) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canna indica (canna lilly) | Present | Introduced | | PIER (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Capsicum annuum (bell pepper) | Present | | | FAO (2009); Götz and Winter (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardamine flexuosa (wavy bittercress) | Present | Introduced | | ISSG (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine) | Present | Introduced | | Rojo and Pitargue (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum) | Present | | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia grandis (pink shower) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia javanica (pink shower) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina cunninghamiana (Australian beefwood) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina) | Present | Native | | Pongpanich et al. (1996); World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina glauca (scaly oak (Australia)) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | WAC (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus echinatus (southern sandbur) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1977); Noda et al. (1985); Holm et al. (1991); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ceratophyllum demersum (coontail) | Present, Widespread | | | Pholprasith et al. (1978); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cheilocostus speciosus (crepe ginger ) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris barbata (purpletop chloris) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Gautier (1992); Saengyot (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chrysopogon aciculatus (golden false beardgrass) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cissus quadrangularis (treebine) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Brink and Achigan-Dako (2012); USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantiifolia (lime) | Present | | | FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantium (sour orange) | Present | | | FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome rutidosperma (fringed spiderflower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Jacobs (1960); Holm et al. (1991); Philcox (1996); Waterhouse and Mitchell (1998) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome viscosa (Asian spiderflower) | Present | | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum chinense (Chinese glory bower) | Present | Introduced | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum indicum (Turk's turban) | Present | | | Wearn and Mabberley (2011); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum paniculatum (pagoda flower) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum wallichii (Wallich's glorybower) | Present | | | Deori et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clidemia hirta (Koster's curse) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Renner et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clitoria ternatea (butterfly-pea) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Coccinia grandis (scarlet-fruited ivy gourd) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013); PIER (2013); Sunpapao (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cocos nucifera (coconut) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears) | Present | Native | | Choenkwan et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Colocasia esculenta (taro) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Colubrina asiatica (latherleaf) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Combretum indicum (Rangoon creeper) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); Flora of China Editorial Committee (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina benghalensis (wandering jew) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1977); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina diffusa (spreading dayflower) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1977); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Convolvulus arvensis (bindweed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cordyline fruticosa (ti plant) | Present | | | Hinkle (2007); Smithsonian (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Corymbia citriodora (lemon-scented gum) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cotoneaster franchetii (orange cotoneaster) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crassocephalum crepidioides (redflower ragleaf) | Present | Introduced | | Tjitrosoedirdjo (1991); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria retusa (rattleweed) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria spectabilis (showy rattlepod) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuscuta japonica (Japanese dodder) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyanthillium cinereum (little ironweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyathula prostrata (pasture weed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2016); Detpiratmongkol et al. (2005); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus compressus (annual sedge) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge) | Present, Widespread | | | Noda et al. (1985); Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus imbricatus (shingle flatsedge) | Present | Native | | Noda et al. (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus iria (rice flatsedge) | Present | | | Noda et al. (1985) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus papyrus (papyrus) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge) | Present | Native and Introduced | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016); Noda et al. (1985) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dalbergia sissoo | Present | Introduced | | ICRAF (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura metel (Hindu datura) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura stramonium (jimsonweed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Delonix regia (flamboyant) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dendrocalamus strictus (male bamboo) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Derris elliptica (tuba root) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Desmostachya bipinnata (halfa grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium annulatum (Kleberg's bluestem) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium aristatum (angelton bluestem) | Present | Introduced | | Encyclopedia of Life (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium caricosum (nadi blue grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichrostachys cinerea (sickle bush) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria bicornis (Asian crabgrass) | Present | Native | | PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); Waterhouse (1993); Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria fuscescens (yellow crab grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria longiflora (false couch grass) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria sanguinalis (large crabgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea alata (white yam) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dombeya wallichii (pink ball) | Present | Introduced | | Anderson (1986) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Drymaria cordata (tropical chickweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa colona (junglerice) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) | Present | Introduced | | Moody (1989); Holm et al. (1991); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eclipta prostrata (eclipta) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Gopal (1987); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elaeagnus umbellata (autumn olive) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm) | Present | | | FAO (2009); Kittimorakul et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eleocharis dulcis (Chinese water chestnut) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eleusine indica (goose grass) | Present | Introduced | | Noda et al. (1985); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elodea canadensis (Canadian pondweed) | Present | Introduced | | Revilla et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elsholtzia ciliata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018); IRRI (1989); Waterhouse (1993); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Epipremnum pinnatum (centipede tongavine) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis atrovirens (thalia lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis unioloides (Chinese lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Etlingera elatior (torch ginger) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus paniculata (grey ironbark) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euonymus fortunei (wintercreeper) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euonymus japonicus (Japanese spindle tree) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eupatorium trapezoideum (crofton weed) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia) | Present, Localized | | | Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia lactea (mottled spurge) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia milii (crown-of-thorns) | Present | Introduced | | Welzen and Chayamarit (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia neriifolia (Indian spurge tree) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia tirucalli (Indian-tree spurge) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia trigona (African milk weed) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Esser and Chayamarit (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus benghalensis (banyan) | Present | Native | | Rojo et al. (1999) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus benjamina (weeping fig) | Present, Planted | | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus elastica (rubber plant) | Present | | | Quattrocchi (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus microcarpa (Indian laurel tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus religiosa (sacred fig tree) | Present | Native | | Rojo et al. (1999); Orwa et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis cymosa (tropical fimbry) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis dichotoma (tall fringe rush) | Present | | | Nemoto et al. (1987); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flacourtia indica (governor's plum) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia lineata (wild hops) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia strobilifera (wild hops) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2014); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | WAC (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gmelina arborea (candahar) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphrena globosa (globe amaranth) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Grevillea robusta (silky oak) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hedychium coccineum (scarlet ginger lily) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hedychium coronarium (white butterfly ginger lily) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2013); Puangpen (1998) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Helianthus annuus (sunflower) | Present | | | FAO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium indicum (Indian heliotrope) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hevea brasiliensis (rubber) | Present | | | FAO (2009); Laohasakul et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hibiscus tiliaceus (coast cottonwood) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hiptage benghalensis (hiptage) | Present | Native | | PIER (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hovenia dulcis | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla) | Present, Localized | | | Pieterse (1981); Siriworakul et al. (1997); Govaerts (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hygrophila polysperma (Indian swampweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hylocereus undatus (dragon fruit) | Present | Introduced | | UK, Royal Botanic Gardens (1999); Meetum et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis brevipes (lesser roundweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis suaveolens (pignut) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam) | Present | Introduced | | Valkenburg and Bunyapraphatsara (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); Waterhouse (1993); Mcdonald and Chandler (1994); Garrity et al. (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera hirsuta (hairy indigo) | Present | Native | | Mattapha and Chantaranothai (2012); USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera spicata (creeping indigo) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera suffruticosa (Anil indigo) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera tinctoria (true indigo) | Present | Native | | Bisby et al. (1994); Flora of Pakistan (2014); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera trita (Asian indigo) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera trita subsp. scabra (Asian Indigo) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea alba (white moonflower ) | Present | Introduced | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea aquatica (swamp morning-glory) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1977); Suckcharoen (1978); Stripen et al. (1991); Göthberg et al. (2002); Htar Htar Naing et al. (2014); Ito and Barfod (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morning glory) | Present | | | Harada et al. (1996); POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (bush morning glory) | Present | Introduced | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea hederifolia (scarlet-creeper ) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea nil (white edge morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea quamoclit (cypress vine) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea triloba (three-lobe morning glory) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass) | Present, Localized | | | Gilliland et al. (1971); Noda et al. (1985); Clayton et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ixora finlaysoniana (white jungle flame) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2015); Chamchumroon (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum multiflorum (star jasmine) | Present | Native | | Sinnott et al. (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha curcas (jatropha) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Oudhia and Tripathi (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush) | Present | Introduced | | USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009); Matchacheep (1995); Padua et al. (1999); Thailand Department of Agriculture (2002); Soontornchainaksaeng and Jenjittikul (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Juncus effusus (common rush) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Wu et al. (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe integra (Never die) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kyllinga nemoralis (white kyllinga) | Present | Native | | Kumar (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kyllinga polyphylla (navua sedge) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) | Present | Introduced | | PFAF (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagerstroemia indica (Indian crape myrtle) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagerstroemia speciosa (Pride of India) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lantana camara (lantana) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leersia hexandra (southern cut grass) | Present | | | Pyrah (1969) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna perpusilla (duckweed) | Present | | | Moody (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonotis nepetifolia (Christmas candlestick) | Present | Introduced | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonurus japonicus (honeyweed) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa chinensis (Chinese sprangletop) | Present, Localized | | | Reed (1977); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa fusca (sprangletop) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018); PIER (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lespedeza cuneata (sericea lespedeza) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2020); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena diversifolia | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ligustrum robustum subsp. walkeri (Sri Lankan privet) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Limnocharis flava (yellow bur-head) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Moody (1989); Holm et al. (1991); Waterhouse and Mitchell (1998) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Limnophila chinensis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lindernia crustacea (Malaysian false pimpernel) | Present | | | Yongboonkird et al. (1988); USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Litsea glutinosa (Indian laurel) | Present | Native | | Huang et al. (2008); ISSG (2015); Flora of China Editorial Committee (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose) | Present | | | Moody (1989); Raven (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia octovalvis (primrose willow) | Present | | | Moody (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia peploides (water primrose) | Present | | | GBIF (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Luffa acutangula (angled luffa) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2016); Götz and Winter (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Luffa aegyptiaca (loofah) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Macaranga tanarius (parasol leaf tree) | Present | Native | | Airy Shaw (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Malvaviscus arboreus (wax mallow) | Present | Introduced | | Lim (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Malvaviscus penduliflorus (Turk's cap mallow) | Present | Introduced | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mangifera indica (mango) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | IUCN (2013); Sudhi-Aromna et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Manilkara zapota (sapodilla) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009); Sunpapao et al. (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Maranta arundinacea (arrowroot) | Present | Introduced | | PROSEA (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Moody (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melastoma malabathricum (Banks melastoma) | Present, Localized | | | Napompeth (1990); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melia azedarach (Chinaberry) | Present | Native | | Watanabe et al. (1988); Simsiri and Namsawath (1993); World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis repens (natal redtop) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia cissoides (roadside woodrose) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia umbellata (hogvine) | Present | Native | | Staples (2010); Ooststroom and Hoogland (1953) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Microstegium vimineum (Nepalese browntop) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated); ISSG (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mikania cordata | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mikania micrantha (bitter vine) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Waterhouse (1993); PIER (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa diplotricha (giant sensitive plant) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Waterhouse and Norris (1987); Moody (1989); Napompeth (1990); Waterhouse (1993); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1977); Moody (1989); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) | Present | Native | | Scholz (1988); Holm et al. (1991); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Monochoria hastata (hastate-leaved pondweed) | Present | Native | | PIER (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Monochoria vaginalis (pickerel weed) | Present | | | IRRI (1989); Tomita et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moorochloa eruciformis (sweet signal grass) | Present | Native | | Kumar (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moringa oleifera (horse radish tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | PROTA (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mosla dianthera (miniature beefsteakplant) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) | Present | Native | | Lock and Heald (1994); ILDIS (2014); PIER (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry) | Present | Introduced | | Verheij (1989); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murdannia nudiflora (doveweed) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1977); Moody (1989); Galinato et al. (1999); USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murraya paniculata (orange jessamine) | Present | Native | | PROTA (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mussaenda philippica (Queen of Philippines) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrot's feather) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myriophyllum spicatum (spiked watermilfoil) | Present | | | Napompeth and Bay-Petersen (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nelsonia canescens (blue pussyleaf) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nerium oleander (oleander) | Present | Introduced | | Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Neyraudia reynaudiana (burma reed) | Present | Native | | Sukon (2007); Zungsontiporn (2006); Ohwi (2010); Flora of China Editorial Committee (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicandra physalodes (apple of Peru) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nopalea cochenillifera (cochineal cactus) | Present | Introduced | | Donkin (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nymphaea lotus (white Egyptian lotus) | Present | Native | | Plant Gene Resources of Canada (2016); Udomsri et al. (2005); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nypa fruticans (nipa palm) | Present, Planted | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ocimum gratissimum (African basil) | Present | Native | | WCSP (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ocimum tenuiflorum (holy basil) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014); Govaerts (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines) | Present | | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. undulatifolius (wavyleaf basketgrass) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia elatior (red-flower prickly pear) | Present | Introduced | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia monacantha (common prickly pear) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oryza punctata (wild rice) | Present | | | Clayton (1970); Ivens (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oryza rufipogon (wild rice) | Present | | | Chang (1975); Doi et al. (2000); Yamanaka et al. (2003); Zhu et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1977); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paederia foetida (skunkvine) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Puff (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Panicum repens (torpedo grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parkinsonia aculeata (Mexican palo-verde) | Present | Introduced | | Lock and Heald (1994); PIER (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parthenium hysterophorus (parthenium weed) | Present | Introduced | | Adkins et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); Waterhouse (1993); Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum distichum (knotgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Falvey and Hengmichai (1978); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass) | Present | Introduced | | PROSEA (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum scrobiculatum (ricegrass paspalum) | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | Holm et al. (1991); Waterhouse (1993); Rotkittikhun et al. (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora edulis (passionfruit) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Peltophorum pterocarpum (copperpod) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum pedicellatum (deenanath grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1977); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum polystachion (mission grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | USDA-ARS (2013); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pentas lanceolata (Egyptian starcluster) | Present | Introduced | | Puff and Chamchumroon (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Persicaria chinensis (Chinese knotweed) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Persicaria perfoliata (mile-a-minute weed) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phaius tankervilleae (nun’s-hood orchid) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); eMonocot (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phragmites australis (common reed) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phyllanthus urinaria (leafflower) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Direkbusarakom et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis angulata (cutleaf groundcherry) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pimenta dioica (allspice) | Present | Introduced | | Parthasarathy et al. (2008); FAO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine) | Present | Introduced | | FAO (2001); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus oocarpa (ocote pine) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993); PIER (2003); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pithecellobium dulce (Manila tamarind) | Present | Introduced | | McVaugh (1987); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plectranthus amboinicus (Indian borage) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plectranthus scutellarioides (coleus) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pluchea indica (Indian camphorweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polygonum barbatum (knot grass) | Present | | | Moody (1989); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polygonum lapathifolium (pale persicaria) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca oleracea (purslane) | Present | | | Geesink (1975) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca pilosa (kiss-me-quick) | Present | Introduced | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2015); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca quadrifida (chickenweed) | Present | | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Potamogeton crispus (curlyleaf pondweed) | Present | Native | | PIER (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prosopis juliflora (mesquite) | Present, Localized, Planted | Introduced | | Pasiecznik et al. (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pseudelephantopus spicatus (false elephant’s foot) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium guajava (guava) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002); Danggomen et al. (2013); FAO (2013); Sunpapao et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pterocarpus indicus (red sandalwood) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017); Saengyot (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pterocarpus macrocarpus (Burma padauk) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017); ILDIS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pueraria montana var. lobata (kudzu) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2007); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pueraria phaseoloides (tropical kudzu) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Downy rose-myrtle) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Csurhes and Hankamer (2011); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ricinus communis (castor bean) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass) | Present, Localized | Native | | Millhollon and Burner (1993); Waterhouse (1993); Valverde et al. (1999); USA, USDA-ARS (2008); Meksawat and Pornprom (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus alceifolius (giant bramble) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus ellipticus (yellow Himalayan raspberry) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus niveus (Mysore raspberry) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus rosifolius (roseleaf raspberry) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sacciolepis indica (glen woodgrass) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sagittaria sagittifolia | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Samanea saman (rain tree) | Present | Introduced | | Akkasaeng et al. (1989); ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sambucus canadensis (American black elderberry) | Present | Introduced | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Scaevola taccada (beach naupaka) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schismus arabicus (Arabian schismus) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sechium edule (chayote) | Present | Introduced | | PROSEA (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna alata (candle bush) | Present | Introduced | | Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2016); Neamsuvan et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna hirsuta (hairy senna) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2005); PIER (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod) | Present | | | Cock and Evans (1984); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna siamea (yellow cassia) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna spectabilis (whitebark senna) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna surattensis (golden senna) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania cannabina (corkwood tree) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania grandiflora (sesbania) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania sericea (silky sesban) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania sesban (sesban) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014); Flora of China Editorial Committee (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria palmifolia (palm grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria parviflora (knotroot foxtail) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria verticillata (bristly foxtail) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria viridis (green foxtail) | Present | | | Teerawatsakul et al. (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida acuta (sida) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Waterhouse (1993); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida linifolia (flaxleaf fanpetals) | Present | Introduced | | Saensouk et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum torvum (turkey berry) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1991); Arthan et al. (2006); Chanchaichaovivat et al. (2007); Götz and Winter (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum tuberosum (potato) | Present | | | Jaimasit and Prakob (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum viarum (tropical soda apple) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus arvensis (perennial sowthistle) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus asper (spiny sow-thistle) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spathoglottis plicata (Philippine ground orchid) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spermacoce verticillata (shrubby false buttonwood) | Present | Introduced | | Puff (2007); Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sphagneticola trilobata (wedelia) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sphenoclea zeylanica (wedgewort) | Present | | | Moody (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus tenuissimus (tropical dropseed) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta cayennensis (blue snakeweed) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); PIER (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Jamaica vervain) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta urticifolia (rattail) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Moldenke (1948); Moldenke (1980) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sterculia foetida (Java olive) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stictocardia tiliifolia (spottedheart) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Striga asiatica (witch weed) | Present | Native | | McGrath et al. (1957); Flora of China Editorial Committee (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stylosanthes hamata (Caribbean Stylo) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Synedrella nodiflora (synedrella) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syzygium jambos (rose apple) | Present | Native | | Chantaranothai and Parnell (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tabebuia rosea (pink poui) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tabernaemontana divaricata | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tagetes minuta (stinking Roger) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tamarindus indica (tamarind) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009); Danggomen et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tectona grandis (teak) | Present, Planted | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tephrosia candida (white tephrosia) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond) | Present | Native | | Thomson and Evans (2006); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Themeda arguens (Christmas grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Themeda quadrivalvis (grader grass) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thespesia populnea (portia tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia alata (black eyed Susan) | Present | Introduced | | Harada et al. (1996) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia fragrans (whitelady) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia grandiflora (Bengal trumpet) | Present | Introduced | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2018); USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Toona ciliata (toon) | Present | Native | | Hua and Edmonds (2008); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Toona sinensis (Chinese Toona) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Toxicodendron succedaneum (wax tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tragus racemosus (stalker bur grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trapa natans (waterchestnut) | Present | | | GBIF (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tridax procumbens (coat buttons) | Present, Localized | | | Noda et al. (1985); Saengyot (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triphasia trifolia (limeberry) | Present | Native | | PIER (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triumfetta rhomboidea (diamond burbark) | Present | Native | | Valkenburg and Bunyapraphatsara (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha angustifolia (lesser bulrush) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urena lobata (caesar weed) | Present | | | Mohanasundaram and Boonyonk (1973); Holm et al. (1979); Waterhouse (1993); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urena sinuata (bur mallow) | Present | Native | | Valkenburg and Bunyapraphatsara (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa distachya (signal grass) | Present | Native | | JSTOR (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa mutica (para grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa panicoides (liverseed grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa reptans (sprawling signalgrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2018); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Utricularia gibba | Present | Native | | Zhenyu and Cheek (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vernicia fordii (tung-oil tree) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vigna marina (beach bean) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vitex parviflora (molave) | Present | Native | | Useful Tropical Plants (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vitex rotundifolia (beach vitex) | Present | Native | | Munir (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vitex trifolia | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Xanthium strumarium (common cocklebur) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Xyris complanata (yellow-eyed grass) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Youngia japonica (oriental false hawksbeard) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zingiber montanum (cassumunar ginger) | Present | Native | Naturalized | Branney (2005); Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zingiber officinale (ginger) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2016); Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zingiber zerumbet (shampoo ginger) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2000); Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ziziphus mauritiana (jujube) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zoysia matrella (Manila grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Paramyxea | Marteilia refringens | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Alexandrium minutum | Present, Localized | | | Piumsomboon et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia caballi | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia equi | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Bonamia exitiosa | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Bonamia ostreae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Perkinsus marinus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Perkinsus olseni | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Plasmodium relictum | Present | Native | | McClure et al. (1978) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Toxoplasma gondii | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Tritrichomonas foetus | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma equiperdum | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma evansi | Absent | | | OIE (2019); Luckins (1988); OIE (2019); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | African horse sickness virus | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | African swine fever virus | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Arterivirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | avian infectious bronchitis virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Avipoxvirus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Banana bunchy top virus (bunchy top of banana) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Banana streak disease | Present | Native | Invasive | Diekmann and Putter (1996) |
Virus | | | Barley yellow dwarf viruses (barley yellow dwarf) | Present | | | Lister and Ranieri (1995) |
Virus | | | bluetongue virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine herpesvirus 1 | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine leukemia virus | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine viral diarrhea virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | caprine arthritis encephalitis virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2020); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | classical swine fever virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2018); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus | Present | | | Brunt et al. (1990); Dahal and Albrechtsen (1996); CABI and EPPO (2010) |
Virus | | | Cowpea mild mottle virus (angular mosaic of beans) | Present | | | Iwaki et al. (1982); Iwaki (1986); Iwaki et al. (1986); CABI and EPPO (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); Supakitthanakorn and Ruangwong (2019) |
Virus | | | Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows) | Present, Widespread | | | Cheewachaiwit et al. (2017); Sharman et al. (2015) |
Virus | | | duck hepatitis A virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equid herpesvirus 1 | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine arteritis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine infectious anaemia virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2018); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine influenzavirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | extra small virus | Present | | | Sudthongkong (2007) |
Virus | | | foot-and-mouth disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | fowlpox virus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Gallid herpesvirus 2 | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Haliotid herpesvirus 1 | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious bursal disease virus | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious myonecrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious salmon anemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | influenza A virus | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019); OIE (2019); |
Virus | | | Japanese encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | lumpy skin disease virus | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); Sudthongkong (2007); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Maize chlorotic mottle virus | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2014) |
Virus | | | Maize lethal necrosis disease | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Virus | | | myxoma virus | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Nairobi sheep disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Newcastle disease virus | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Nipah virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Papaya ringspot virus | Present | | | Yeh and Gonsalves (1994); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Virus | | | peste des petits ruminants virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus | Present, Widespread | | | Temeeyasen et al. (2014) |
Virus | | | rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | rabies virus | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | red sea bream iridovirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Rift Valley fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | rinderpest virus | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | spring viraemia of carp virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Sugarcane mosaic virus (sugarcane mosaic) | Present | | | ISSCT (1989); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Suid herpesvirus 1 | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | swine vesicular disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Taura syndrome virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); Nielsen et al. (2005); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (Tomato brown rugose fruit virus) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (Tomato New Delhi virus) | Present | Native | | Ito et al. (2008); CABI and EPPO (2016); Dhillon et al. (2020); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (tomato spotted wilt) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1978); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (leaf curl) | Present | Native | | Thanapase et al. (1983); Thongrit et al. (1986); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | transmissible gastroenteritis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | vesicular stomatitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | visna/maedi virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | West Nile virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | western equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | White spot syndrome virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |