Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Bacteroidetes | Paenibacillus larvae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Bacillus anthracis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Melissococcus plutonius | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma gallisepticum | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) type | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma synoviae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Anaplasma marginale | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella abortus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella melitensis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella ovis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella suis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Coxiella burnetii | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ehrlichia ruminantium | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Francisella tularensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pasteurella multocida | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 (moko disease) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2021) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella abortusovis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella gallinarum | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella pullorum | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Taylorella equigenitalis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas citri (citrus canker) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Ceratocystis fimbriata (Ceratocystis blight) | Present, Localized | Native | | Baker et al. (2003); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Panama disease of banana) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. elaeidis (fusarium wilt of oil palm) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Guignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Pseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Pseudocercospora ulei (South American leaf blight of rubber (SALB)) | Present | Native | Invasive | Knyper (1911); UK, CAB International (1990); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Trichoconiella padwickii (stackburn disease) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Anon (1959); UK, CAB International (1984) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Moniliophthora perniciosa (witches' broom disease of cacao) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Acarapis woodi (honeybee mite) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aethina tumida | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurocanthus woglumi (citrus blackfly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Soerodimedjo (1978); UK, CAB International (1995) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurodicus cocois (coconut whitefly) | Present | | | Schotman (1989) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha fraterculus (South American fruit fly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha obliqua (West Indian fruit fly) | Present | Native | | White and Elson-Harris (1992); CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha serpentina (sapodilla fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Stone (1942); CABI and EPPO (2001); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha striata (guava fruit fly) | Present | Native | | Stone (1942); CABI and EPPO (2002); Sauers-Muller (2005); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidomytilus albus (tapioca scale) | Present | Native | | NHM (1977); UK, CAB International (1978); Nakahara (1982); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1968) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1969); Segeren (1983) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera carambolae (carambola fruit fly) | Present, Localized | | | Sauers-Muller (1991); Drew and Hancock (1994); Sauers-Muller (2005); Ihsan-ul-Haq et al. (2016); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Callinectes sapidus (blue crab) | Present | Native | | Tavares (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus aonidum (circular scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1969); Schotman (1989) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screw-worm) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm) | Present, Widespread | | | Grant et al. (2000); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cryptotermes brevis (powderpost termite) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Araujo (1970) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Heinemann and Belkin (1978); Hiwat et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1972); Ben-Dov (1994) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus neobrevipes (grey pineapple mealybug) | Present | | | García Morales et al. (2016); Williams and Granara de Willink (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ferrisia virgata (striped mealybug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966); Ben-Dov (1994); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Geococcus coffeae (coffee root mealybug) | Present | | | Williams and Granara de Willink (1992); Green (1933) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gymnandrosoma aurantianum (citrus fruit borer) | Present | | | Adamski and Brown (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) | Absent, Intercepted only | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Helicoverpa zea (bollworm) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (black tea thrips) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1961); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Heteropsylla cubana (leucaena psyllid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer) | Present | | | FAO (1970); Cristancho et al. (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hypsipyla grandella (mahogany shoot borer) | Present | | | Vega C. (1973) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Insignorthezia insignis (greenhouse orthezia) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1957) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza huidobrensis (serpentine leafminer) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza sativae (vegetable leaf miner) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (rice water weevil) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Litopenaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp) | Present | Introduced | | DIAS (2007); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Kairo et al. (2000); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Mononychellus tanajoa (cassava green mite) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) | Present | | | Smith and Cermeli (1979); UK, CAB International (1979) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Neoleucinodes elegantalis (eggplant stem borer) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nipaecoccus nipae (spiked mealybug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966); Ben-Dov (1994); CABI and EPPO (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paratrechina longicornis (crazy ant) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (mulberry scale) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhynchophorus palmarum (South American palm weevil) | Present | | | Maas (1970); Esser and Meredith (1987); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Saissetia oleae (olive scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1952) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Scirtothrips dorsalis (chilli thrips) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2010); Farris et al. (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera eridania (southern armyworm) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Pogue (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant) | Present | Introduced | | Wetterer (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) | Present | | | International Institute of Entomology (1996) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Thrips palmi (melon thrips) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Kox et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tibraca limbativentris (stinkbug) | Present | | | Schotman (1989); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid) | Present | | | Smith and Cermeli (1979); CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tropilaelaps | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Varroa destructor (Varroa mite) | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Wasmannia auropunctata (little fire ant) | Present | Native | | ISSG (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus volvulus | Present | Native | | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Anolis lineatus | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Anolis richardii | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bubalus bubalis (Asian water buffalo) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Cockrill (1977) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cichla ocellaris (peacock cichlid) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Winemiller (2001); Kullander and Ferreira (2006); Willis et al. (2012); Espínola et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Columba livia (pigeons) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cyprinus carpio (common carp) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); Lever (1998); Froese and Pauly (2021) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Didelphis marsupialis (common opossum) | Present, Widespread | Native | | IUCN (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Eleutherodactylus planirostris (greenhouse frog) | Present | Introduced | | Ouboter and Jairam (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Herpestes auropunctatus (small Indian mongoose) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hoplosternum littorale (armoured catfish) | Present | Native | | FishBase (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hypostomus plecostomus (suckermouth catfish) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Weber et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Iguana iguana (iguana) | Present | | | Schotman (1989); Leenders (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Molothrus bonariensis (shiny cowbird) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Pullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Pullin et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ovis aries (sheep) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Poecilia reticulata (guppy) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rachycentron canadum (cobia) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rattus norvegicus (brown rat) | Present | | | Schotman (1989) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rattus rattus (black rat) | Present | | | Schotman (1989) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rhinella marina (cane toad) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tyto alba (Barn owl) | Present | Native | | Bruce (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Marisa cornuarietis (giant ramshorn) | Present | Introduced | | Simone (2006); Cowie and Hayes (2012); Horgan et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pinctada imbricata radiata (rayed pearl oyster) | Present | Native | | Leal (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Helicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode) | Present | | | Maas (1969); Siddiqi (1973); CABI and EPPO (2003); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode) | Present | | | Taylor et al. (1982); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Sosa Moss (1985); CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm) | Present, Widespread | | | Sosa Moss (1985); CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Pratylenchus coffeae (banana root nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode) | Present | | | Maas (1969); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus (red ring nematode) | Present | | | Maas (1970); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Trichinella | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus granulosus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus multilocularis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Taenia solium | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila abortus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila psittaci | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Blechnum appendiculatum (palm fern) | Present | Native | | Dittrich et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Ceratopteris thalictroides (watersprite) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteridium aquilinum (bracken) | Present | Native | | Thomson and Alonso-Amelot (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris tripartita (giant brake) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern) | Present | Introduced | | Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia auriculata (giant salvinia) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Thelypteris opulenta (jewelled maiden fern) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abelmoschus moschatus (musk mallow) | Present | Introduced | | Fryxell (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon indicum (country mallow) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia farnesiana (huisache) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthospermum australe (spiny-bur) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthospermum hispidum (bristly starbur) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Achyranthes aspera (devil's horsewhip) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acmella uliginosa (marsh para cress) | Present | Native | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Adenanthera pavonina (red-bead tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002); Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum houstonianum (Blue billygoatweed) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | Naturalized | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Allamanda cathartica (yellow allamanda) | Present | Native | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alocasia macrorrhizos (giant taro) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera halimifolia (hairy joyweed) | Present | Native | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) | Present, Widespread | | | Julien et al. (1995); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1991); Funk et al. (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alysicarpus vaginalis (alyce clover) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus blitum (livid amaranth) | Present | | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus dubius (spleen amaranth) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth) | Present | Native and Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona glabra (pond apple) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona muricata (soursop) | Present | | | Funk et al. (2007); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona squamosa (sugar apple) | Present | Native | | World Agroforestry Centre (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Antigonon leptopus (coral vine) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arundo donax (giant reed) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asclepias curassavica (bloodflower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Averrhoa bilimbi (bilimbi) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Axonopus fissifolius | Present | Native | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Azadirachta indica (neem tree) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa bambos (giant thorny bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | Judziewicz et al. (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | Judziewicz et al. (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Basella alba (malabar spinach) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Batis maritima (saltwort) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bidens pilosa (blackjack) | Present | Native | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bixa orellana (annatto) | Present | Native | | Orwa et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling) | Present | Native | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bontia daphnoides (white alling) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Borreria latifolia (broadleaf buttonweed) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa bladhii (Caucasian bluestem) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bougainvillea spectabilis (great bougainvillea) | Present | Introduced | | Grandtner and Chevrette (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica nigra (black mustard) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Breynia disticha (snowbush) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bromelia pinguin (wild pineapple) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) | Present | Introduced | | Boggan et al. (1997); Funk et al. (2007); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caladium bicolor (heart of Jesus) | Present | Native | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calliandra houstoniana var. calothyrsus (calliandra) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calopogonium caeruleum (jicama) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo) | Present | Native | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) | Present | Introduced | | Sauer (1964); Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia gladiata (sword bean) | Present | Introduced | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canna indica (canna lilly) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canna x generalis (canna lily) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Capsicum annuum (bell pepper) | Present | | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine) | Present | Native | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cascabela thevetia (yellow oleander) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia grandis (pink shower) | Present | | | Boggan et al. (1997); Funk et al. (2007); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Castilla elastica (Mexican rubber tree) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cecropia peltata (trumpet tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus echinatus (southern sandbur) | Present | | | Everaarts (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chamaecrista nictitans (sensitive partridge pea) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) | Present | Introduced | | Peterson et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) | Present | Native | | Gautier (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cissus verticillata (possum grape vine) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantiifolia (lime) | Present | | | FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantium (sour orange) | Present | | | FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome gynandra | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum indicum (Turk's turban) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum thomsoniae (bleeding glory bower) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clidemia hirta (Koster's curse) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clitoria ternatea (butterfly-pea) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clusia rosea | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cocos nucifera (coconut) | Present | Introduced | | Henderson et al. (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Colocasia esculenta (taro) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Combretum indicum (Rangoon creeper) | Present | | | DeFilipps (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cordia alliodora (Ecuador laurel) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cosmos caudatus (wild cosmos) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria maypurensis (rattlebox weed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria retusa (rattleweed) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cucumis anguria (West Indian gherkin) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuphea carthagenensis (Colombian waxweed) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyanthillium cinereum (little ironweed) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyathula prostrata (pasture weed) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015); PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus compressus (annual sedge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura metel (Hindu datura) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Delonix regia (flamboyant) | Present | Introduced | | USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Desmodium incanum (creeping beggerweed) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium caricosum (nadi blue grass) | Present | Introduced | | Judziewicz (1990) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dieffenbachia seguine (dumb cane) | Present | Native | | Croat (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria bicornis (Asian crabgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria fuscescens (yellow crab grass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria insularis (sourgrass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea alata (white yam) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea cayenensis (Guinea yam) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dolichandra unguis-cati (cat's claw creeper) | Present | Native | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Drymaria cordata (tropical chickweed) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1991); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Duranta erecta (golden dewdrop) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dysphania ambrosioides (Mexican tea) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa colona (junglerice) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa crus-pavonis (gulf cockspur grass) | Present | Native | | Tropicos (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eclipta prostrata (eclipta) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia azurea (anchored water hyacinth) | Present | Native | | UK, Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew) (2009); USDA-ARS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) | Present, Localized | | | Gopal (1987); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm) | Present | | | FAO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elephantopus mollis (elephant's foot) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eleusine indica (goose grass) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia coccinea (scarlet tasselflower) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia fosbergii (Florida tassel-flower) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2018); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis ciliaris (gophertail lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Giraldo Cañas et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis unioloides (Chinese lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erechtites hieraciifolius (American burnweed) | Present | Native | | Funk et al. (2007); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erechtites valerianifolius (tropical burnweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erythrina poeppigiana (coral tree) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eugenia uniflora (Surinam cherry) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia hypericifolia (graceful spurge) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia tithymaloides (devil's backbone) | Present | Native | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia strobilifera (wild hops) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Furcraea foetida (Mauritius hemp) | Present | Native | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002); WAC (2005); ILDIS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphrena globosa (globe amaranth) | Present | | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Haematoxylum campechianum (logwood) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hedychium coronarium (white butterfly ginger lily) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliconia bihai (macaw flower) | Present | Native | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium curassavicum (salt heliotrope) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium indicum (Indian heliotrope) | Present | | | Johnston (1928) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hibiscus elatus (blue mahoe) | Present | | | PFAF (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hippeastrum puniceum (Barbados lily) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hura crepitans (sand box) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hymenachne amplexicaulis (hymenachne) | Present, Localized | Native | | Zuloaga et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis brevipes (lesser roundweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera suffruticosa (Anil indigo) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Inga punctata (ice cream bean tree) | Present, Widespread | Native | | IUCN (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea alba (white moonflower ) | Present | Native | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea aquatica (swamp morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | | Gunn and Ritchie (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea hederifolia (scarlet-creeper ) | Present | Native | | Staples (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea indica (ocean blue morning-glory) | Present | | | Staples (2017); USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea nil (white edge morning-glory) | Present | Native | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea quamoclit (cypress vine) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1977); Funk et al. (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jacaranda mimosifolia (jacaranda) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum multiflorum (star jasmine) | Present | Introduced | | van Andel et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha curcas (jatropha) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush) | Present | | | CSIRO (1998) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Justicia pectoralis (freshcut) | Present | Native | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe pinnata (cathedral bells) | Present | Introduced | | Boggan et al. (1997); BDG Program (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lantana camara (lantana) | Present | Native | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lawsonia inermis (Egyptian privet) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leersia hexandra (southern cut grass) | Present | | | Pyrah (1969) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna perpusilla (duckweed) | Present | | | GBIF (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonotis nepetifolia (Christmas candlestick) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonurus japonicus (honeyweed) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lepidium virginicum (Virginian peppercress) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Limnobium laevigatum (South American spongeplant) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lindernia crustacea (Malaysian false pimpernel) | Present | | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia octovalvis (primrose willow) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Luffa aegyptiaca (loofah) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mangifera indica (mango) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Manilkara zapota (sapodilla) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Maranta arundinacea (arrowroot) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melicoccus bijugatus (Spanish lime) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis minutiflora (molasses grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia aegyptia (hairy woodrose) | Present | Native | | Austin (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia cissoides (roadside woodrose) | Present | Native | | Austin (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia umbellata (hogvine) | Present | Native | | Austin (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mesosphaerum pectinatum (comb bushmint) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa diplotricha (giant sensitive plant) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant) | Present | Native | | World Agroforestry Centre (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant) | Present | Native | | Barneby (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock flower) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murdannia nudiflora (doveweed) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murraya paniculata (orange jessamine) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myroxylon balsamum (Peru balsam) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nerium oleander (oleander) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nopalea cochenillifera (cochineal cactus) | Present | Introduced | | Leuenberger (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nymphaea ampla (dot-leaf water-lily) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ocimum gratissimum (African basil) | Present | Introduced | | GRIIS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oeceoclades maculata (monk orchid) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia lancifolia (calycose mille graines) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oryza rufipogon (wild rice) | Present | | | Keisers (1984) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel) | Present | | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pachira aquatica (pachira nut) | Present | Native | | Alverson et al. (2007); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pachira insignis (wild chestnut) | Present | Native | | Alverson et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parkinsonia aculeata (Mexican palo-verde) | Present, Planted | Native | | ILDIS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parthenium hysterophorus (parthenium weed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalidium geminatum (Egyptian paspalidium) | Present | Native | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2018); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum densum (dense crowngrass) | Present | Native | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum distichum (knotgrass) | Present | Native | | Chase (1929); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum fasciculatum (bull grass) | Present | | | Flora of Pakistan (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum millegrana (yerba brava) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass) | Present | | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum paniculatum (Russell River grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum virgatum (sword grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora edulis (passionfruit) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower) | Present | | | Killip (1938); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora quadrangularis (giant granadilla) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora suberosa (corkystem passionflower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pereskia aculeata (Lemon-vine) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Persicaria punctata (dotted smartweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Petiveria alliacea (guinea hen weed) | Present | Native | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phragmites australis (common reed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phyllanthus urinaria (leafflower) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Segeren et al. (1984) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis angulata (cutleaf groundcherry) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pimenta racemosa (bay rum tree) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus patula (Mexican weeping pine) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Piper aduncum (spiked pepper) | Present | Native | | Starr et al. (2003); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Piper auritum | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pithecellobium dulce (Manila tamarind) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pluchea carolinensis (sourbush) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca oleracea (purslane) | Present | Introduced | | Pulle (1906) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pseudelephantopus spicatus (false elephant’s foot) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides (Mexican flamevine) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium guajava (guava) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Funk et al. (2007); USDA-ARS (2012); FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pterolepis glomerata (false meadowbeauty) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); Roskov et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pueraria phaseoloides (tropical kudzu) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rivina humilis (bloodberry) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Roystonea oleracea (Caribbean royal palm) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Samanea saman (rain tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna alata (candle bush) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna bacillaris (whitebark senna) | Present | Native | | Funk et al. (2007); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna hirsuta (hairy senna) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna multijuga (November shower) | Present | | | Funk et al. (2007); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod) | Present | | | IRWIN and TURNER (1960); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania sericea (silky sesban) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania sesban (sesban) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria palmifolia (palm grass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria parviflora (knotroot foxtail) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2012); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida acuta (sida) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida linifolia (flaxleaf fanpetals) | Present | Native | | PROTA (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum mammosum (nipplefruit nightshade) | Present | | | Funk et al. (2007); Lim (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spermacoce verticillata (shrubby false buttonwood) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sphagneticola trilobata (wedelia) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sphenoclea zeylanica (wedgewort) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus pyramidalis (giant rat’s tail grass) | Present | | | eMonocot (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus tenuissimus (tropical dropseed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta cayennensis (blue snakeweed) | Present | Native | | Funk et al. (2007); Davidse et al. (2012); USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Jamaica vervain) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta urticifolia (rattail) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Moldenke (1948); Moldenke (1980) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sterculia apetala (Panama tree) | Present | Native | | Dvorak et al. (1998) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Synedrella nodiflora (synedrella) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syngonium podophyllum (arrowhead vine) | Present | Native | | Croat (1981); Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syzygium cumini (black plum) | Present | Introduced | | Morton (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syzygium jambos (rose apple) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Little and Wadsworth (1964) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tagetes erecta (Mexican marigold) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tagetes minuta (stinking Roger) | Present | Native | Invasive | Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tectona grandis (teak) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tephrosia candida (white tephrosia) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thespesia populnea (portia tree) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia alata (black eyed Susan) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia erecta (bush clockvine) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia fragrans (whitelady) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia grandiflora (Bengal trumpet) | Present | Introduced | | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trachypogon spicatus (spiked crinkleawn) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triplaris americana (ant tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tripsacum dactyloides (eastern gamagrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tripsacum latifolium (wideleaf gamagrass) | Present | | | Zuloaga et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha angustifolia (lesser bulrush) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha domingensis (southern cattail) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urena lobata (caesar weed) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); Funk et al. (2007); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa mutica (para grass) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vachellia macracantha (porknut) | Present | | | ILDIS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vitex agnus-castus (chaste tree) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Funk et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Toxoplasma gondii | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Tritrichomonas foetus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma equiperdum | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma evansi | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | | Desquesnes (2004); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | African horse sickness virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | African swine fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | avian infectious bronchitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | avian metapneumovirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | bluetongue virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | bovine herpesvirus 1 | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | bovine leukemia virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | bovine viral diarrhea virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | camelpox virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | caprine arthritis encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | classical swine fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | eastern equine encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | equid herpesvirus 1 | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | equine arteritis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | equine infectious anaemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | equine influenzavirus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | foot-and-mouth disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | infectious bursal disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | influenza A virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Japanese encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | lumpy skin disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | myxoma virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Nairobi sheep disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Newcastle disease virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Nipah virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Passion fruit woodiness virus (passionfruit woodiness disease) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Taylor and Greber (1973) |
Virus | | | Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMV) | Present | | | Schotman (1989); CABI and EPPO (2009) |
Virus | | | peste des petits ruminants virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | rabies virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Rift Valley fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | rinderpest virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Sugarcane mosaic virus (sugarcane mosaic) | Present | | | ISSCT (1989); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Suid herpesvirus 1 | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (tomato spotted wilt) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1978); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | transmissible gastroenteritis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | visna/maedi virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | West Nile virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | western equine encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |