Saint Helena

Datasheet

Saint Helena

Index

Summary

Last modified
19 November 2019

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List of Species

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The table lists the species recorded in the Compendium for this region(from the full species datasheets). It includes species that are invasive in this region, those for which there is no data on invasive status, and also species that are not invasive in the region but are reported as invasive elsewhere. This summary table is based on all the information available.When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the distribution record. For further information, please follow the link to the datasheet.

Domain	Kingdom	Phylum	Species	Distribution	Origin	Invasive	References
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	citrus huanglongbing (greening) disease (citrus greening)	Present, Widespread			EPPO (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Liberibacter africanus (African greening)	Present, Widespread			EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm)	Present			UK, CAB International (1969)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly)	Present			EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aonidiella aurantii (red scale)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aonidiella orientalis (oriental yellow scale)	Present			NHM (1959)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aphis craccivora (groundnut aphid)	Present			UK, CAB International (1983)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid)	Present			UK, CAB International (1968)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Brevipalpus phoenicis (false spider mite)	Present			CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Cactoblastis cactorum (cactus moth)	Present	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly)	Present, Localized	Introduced	Invasive	Meyer (2000); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Ceratitis cosyra (mango fruit fly)	Absent, Intercepted only			CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Chrysodeixis chalcites (golden twin-spot moth)	Present	Native		UK, CAB International (1977)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Crocidosema plebejana (cotton tipworm)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Cryptotermes brevis (powderpost termite)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	CHHOTANI (1970)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito)	Present, Widespread			Medlock et al. (2010)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Dacus ciliatus (lesser pumpkin fly)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Dysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Gonipterus scutellatus (eucalyptus snout beetle)	Present			Cadahia (1986); CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm)	Present			UK, CAB International (1993); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (black tea thrips)	Present			UK, CAB International (1961)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Hemiberlesia lataniae (latania scale)	Present			UK, CAB International (1976)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Hylurgus ligniperda (red-haired pine bark beetle)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Schedl (1959); Wood and Bright (1992); CABI and EPPO (2010)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	UK, CAB International (1971); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Insignorthezia insignis (greenhouse orthezia)	Present			Booth et al. (1995)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid)	Present	Introduced		UK, CAB International (1984)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Myzus persicae (green peach aphid)	Present			UK, CAB International (1979)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Nezara viridula (green stink bug)	Present			UK, CAB International (1970)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Opogona sacchari (banana moth)	Present	Native	Invasive	Durrant (1925); Suss (1974); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Otiorhynchus sulcatus (vine weevil)	Present, Widespread			Decelle and Voss (1972); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Paratrechina longicornis (crazy ant)	Present	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pheidole megacephala (big-headed ant)	Present	Introduced		ISSG (2009)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Phlyctinus callosus (vine calandra)	Present			EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Phthorimaea operculella (potato tuber moth)	Present			CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug)	Present			CABI and EPPO (1999)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth)	Present			UK, CAB International (1967)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (mulberry scale)	Present			EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pseudococcus viburni (obscure mealybug)	Present	Introduced		Garcia et al. (2016); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Spodoptera littoralis (cotton leafworm)	Present			UK, CAB International (1967); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant)	Present	Introduced		Wetterer (2009)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite)	Present			International Institute of Entomology (1996)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Thaumatotibia leucotreta (false codling moth (FCM))	Present	Native		Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control (1984); CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2013); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid)	Present			CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Trioza erytreae (African citrus psyllid)	Present			EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Vespula germanica (German wasp)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Vespula vulgaris (wasp, common)	Present, Localized	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Zaprionus tuberculatus	Present			EPPO (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Acridotheres tristis (common myna)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Canis lupus familiaris (dogs)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Columba livia (pigeons)	Present	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Equus asinus (donkeys)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Felis catus (cat)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Hemidactylus frenatus (common house gecko)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Melliss (1875)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits)	Present	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Ovis aries (sheep)	Present	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Phasianus colchicus (common pheasant)	Present	Introduced		Lever (2005)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Rattus norvegicus (brown rat)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Rattus rattus (black rat)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Tyto alba (Barn owl)	Present	Introduced		Long (1981)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Cornu aspersum (common garden snail)	Present	Introduced		Taylor (1914)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Deroceras invadens (tramp slug)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Limax maximus (leopard slug)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2015)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Oxychilus alliarius (garlic snail)	Present	Introduced		Crowley and Pain (1977); Barker (1999)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Cyclosorus parasiticus (parasitic maiden fern)	Present, Widespread	Native		CABI (Undated); Holttum (1976)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Agave americana (century plant)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed)	Present	Introduced		Reed (1977)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ageratum houstonianum (Blue billygoatweed)	Present	Introduced		Cronk (1989)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Agrostis capillaris (common bent)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Varnham (2006)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Aloe vera (true aloe)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Amaranthus dubius (spleen amaranth)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Ashmole and Ashmole (2000)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Arundo donax (giant reed)	Present	Introduced		Clayton et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Barringtonia asiatica (sea poison tree)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Brassica rapa (field mustard)	Present	Introduced		Virtual Herbaria Austria (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Buddleja madagascariensis (smokebush)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	GISD (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Carpobrotus edulis (hottentot fig)	Present	Introduced		GISP (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort)	Present	Native		GBIF (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Chloris virgata (feather finger grass)	Present	Introduced		Clayton et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cinchona pubescens (quinine tree)	Present, Localized, Planted	Introduced	Invasive	Cronk and Fuller (1995)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clidemia hirta (Koster's curse)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Brown (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Colocasia esculenta (taro)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)	Present	Introduced		Clayton et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cynodon nlemfuensis (African Bermuda-grass)	Present	Introduced		Clayton et al. (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge)	Present	Native		Govaerts (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass)	Present	Introduced		Clayton et al. (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Delairea odorata (Cape ivy)	Present	Introduced		Hilliard (1977)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass)	Present			Clayton et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Echinochloa pyramidalis	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eleusine indica (goose grass)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Clayton et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Emex australis (Doublegee)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Euphorbia tirucalli (Indian-tree spurge)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Fimbristylis cymosa (tropical fimbry)	Present	Introduced		IUCN (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Furcraea foetida (Mauritius hemp)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Brown (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Grevillea robusta (silky oak)	Present	Introduced		ISSG (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hedychium coronarium (white butterfly ginger lily)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hypochaeris radicata (cat's ear)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea alba (white moonflower )	Present	Introduced		Staples (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Juncus effusus (common rush)	Present	Introduced		Weimarck (1946)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lantana camara (lantana)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Cronk (1989)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leonurus japonicus (honeyweed)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena)	Present	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass)	Present	Introduced		Clayton et al. (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (crystalline iceplant)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Nopalea cochenillifera (cochineal cactus)	Present	Introduced		ISSG (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Opuntia elatior (red-flower prickly pear)	Present	Introduced		Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Opuntia monacantha (common prickly pear)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalidium geminatum (Egyptian paspalidium)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum urvillei (Vasey grass)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass)	Present	Introduced		Clayton et al. (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pittosporum undulatum (Australian cheesewood)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Haysom and Murphy (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Poa annua (annual meadowgrass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	ISSG (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Poa pratensis (smooth meadow-grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	ISSG (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ricinus communis (castor bean)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Govaerts (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rumex acetosella (sheep's sorrel)	Present	Introduced		ISSG (2013); GBIF (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Schinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian pepper tree)	Present	Introduced		PROTA (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sesbania sesban (sesban)	Present	Native		ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sonchus asper (spiny sow-thistle)	Present	Introduced		GISD (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Spermacoce verticillata (shrubby false buttonwood)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Renshaw et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sporobolus africanus (rat’s tail grass)	Present	Introduced		eMonocot (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass)	Present	Introduced		Sauer (1972)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tecoma capensis (Cape honeysuckle)	Present	Introduced		Ulloa (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tetragonia tetragonioides (New Zealand spinach)	Present	Introduced		Cronk (1983)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Triumfetta rhomboidea (diamond burbark)	Present	Introduced		Copeland (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ulex europaeus (gorse)	Present, Planted	Introduced	Invasive	Julien and Griffiths (1998)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Streptophyta	Campylopus introflexus	Present	Native		Frahm (1985)

List of Species CSV Output

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Generate a spreadsheet of the List of Species which also includes records from basic datasheets.

Basic datasheets include data mined from various sources (including the CAB Abstracts database and selected invasive species databases). Further confirmation of distribution status should be sought before use.

Download CSV file

Agricultural Production

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2011-2007 | 2006-2002

crop		2011		2010		2009		2008		2007
Fibre Crops Nes	Production Quantity
Fibre Crops Primary + (Total)	Production Quantity		A		A		A		A		A

2011-2007 | 2006-2002

crop		2006		2005		2004		2003		2002
Fibre Crops Nes	Production Quantity
Fibre Crops Primary + (Total)	Production Quantity		A		A		A		A		A

Land Usage

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2011-2007 | 2006-2002

land use		2011		2010		2009		2008		2007
Agricultural area	Area	12	Fm	12	Fm	12	Fm	12	Fm	12	Fm
Arable land	Area	4	Fm	4	Fm	4	Fm	4	Fm	4	Fm
Arable land and Permanent crops	Area	4	Fm	4	Fm	4	Fm	4	Fm	4	Fm
Country area	Area	39	Fm	39	Fm	39	Fm	39	Fm	39	Fm
Forest area	Area	2	Fm	2	Q	2	Fm	2	Fm	2	Fm
Land area	Area	39	Fm	39	Fm	39	Fm	39	Fm	39	Fm
Other land	Area	25	Fm	25	Fm	25	Fm	25	Fm	25	Fm
Permanent meadows and pastures	Area	8	Fm	8	Fm	8	Fm	8	Fm	8	Fm

Land Usage: (1000 Ha)
E = Expert sources from FAO (including other divisions) | Fm = Manual Estimation | I = Country data reported by International Organizations where the country is a member (Semi-official) - WTO, EU, UNSD, etc. | Q = Official data reported on FAO Questionnaires from countries | W = Data reported on country official publications or web sites (Official) or trade country files

2011-2007 | 2006-2002

land use		2006		2005		2004		2003		2002
Agricultural area	Area	12	Fm	12	Fm	12	Fm	12	F	12	F
Arable land	Area	4	Fm	4	Fm	4	Fm	4	F	4	F
Arable land and Permanent crops	Area	4	Fm	4	Fm	4	Fm	4	F	4	F
Country area	Area	39	Fm	39	Q	39	Q	39	Q	39	Q
Forest area	Area	2	Fm	2	E	2	Fm	2	Fm	2	Fm
Land area	Area	39	Fm	39	Q	39	Q	39	Q	39	Q
Other land	Area	25	Fm	25	Fm	25	Fm	25	Fm	25	Fm
Permanent meadows and pastures	Area	8	Fm	8	Fm	8	Fm	8	F	8	F

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Invasive Species Compendium

Datasheet

Saint Helena

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Saint Helena

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Summary

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List of Species

List of Species CSV Output

Agricultural Production

Land Usage