Singapore

Datasheet

Singapore

Index

Summary

Population, total
5,703,569 (2019)

GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
59,590 (2019)

GNI, Atlas method (current US$ in millions)
339,860.54 (2019)

GDP (current US$ in millions)
372,062.53 (2019)

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
0.03 (2019)

World Development Indicators. The World Bank (CC-BY 4.0) https://data.worldbank.org/ [last updated: 28 May 2021]

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List of Species

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The table lists the species recorded in the Compendium for this region(from the full species datasheets). It includes species that are invasive in this region, those for which there is no data on invasive status, and also species that are not invasive in the region but are reported as invasive elsewhere. This summary table is based on all the information available.When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the distribution record. For further information, please follow the link to the datasheet.

Domain	Kingdom	Phylum	Species	Distribution	Origin	Invasive	References
			yellow head virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Bacteria		Actinobacteria [phylum]	Dermatophilus congolensis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Bacteria		Actinobacteria [phylum]	Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Bacteroidetes	Paenibacillus larvae	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Bacillus anthracis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Melissococcus plutonius	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Mycoplasma gallisepticum	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) type	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Mycoplasma synoviae	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Anaplasma marginale	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Brucella abortus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Brucella melitensis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Brucella ovis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Brucella suis	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Candidatus Hepatobacter penaei	Absent			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Coxiella burnetii	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Ehrlichia ruminantium	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Francisella tularensis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Pasteurella multocida	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato)	Present			EPPO (2021); Yik (1988); Yik et al. (1994)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 (bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops)	Present			CABI and EPPO (1999); CABI (Undated);
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Salmonella Abortusequi	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Salmonella abortusovis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Salmonella enteritidis	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Salmonella gallinarum	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Salmonella pullorum	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Taylorella equigenitalis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Vibrio parahaemolyticus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Xanthomonas citri (citrus canker)	Present			Lim (1988); Yik (1988); Li et al. (2007); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Xenohaliotis californiensis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Eukaryota	Chromista	Oomycota	Aphanomyces astaci	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Eukaryota	Chromista	Oomycota	Aphanomyces invadans	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Panama disease of banana)	Present	Native	Invasive	AVA (2001); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka)	Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)			EPPO (2022); Graham (1969); CABI and EPPO (2011)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Pseudocercospora ulei (South American leaf blight of rubber (SALB))	Absent, Confirmed absent by survey			EPPO (2022); IPPC (2021)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Basidiomycota	Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust)	Present, Localized			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Basidiomycota	Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soyabean rust)	Present, Few occurrences			Yik (1988); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Basidiomycota	Phellinus noxius (brown tea root disease)	Present			CABI and EPPO (1997); AVA (2001); Burcham et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Basidiomycota	Puccinia horiana (white rust of chrysanthemum)	Present			Demers et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Basidiomycota	Puccinia kuehnii (orange rust)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Chytridiomycota	Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd)	Absent			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Chytridiomycota	Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal)	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Chytridiomycota	Synchytrium endobioticum (wart disease of potato)	Absent			IPPC (2019); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Acarapis woodi (honeybee mite)	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Adoretus sinicus (Chinese rose beetle)	Present			UK, CAB International (1981); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito)	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aethina tumida	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm)	Present			Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aleurocanthus woglumi (citrus blackfly)	Present			EPPO (2022); Clausen and Berry (1932); Mound and Halsey (1978); APPPC (1987); UK, CAB International (1995)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aleurodicus destructor (coconut whitefly)	Present, Widespread			APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aleurodicus dispersus (whitefly)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022); NHM (undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly)	Present			EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Amphibalanus improvisus (bay barnacle)	Present	Introduced		Jones et al. (2000)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Anoplolepis gracilipes (yellow crazy ant)	Present			Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aphis craccivora (groundnut aphid)	Present			UK, CAB International (1983); APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid)	Present, Widespread			UK, CAB International (1968); APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid)	Present	Native	Invasive	UK, CAB International (1969); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale)	Present			APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aulacaspis yasumatsui (cycad aulacaspis scale)	Present	Introduced		Hodgson and Martin (2001); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); EPPO (2022); NHM (undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bactrocera carambolae (carambola fruit fly)	Present			Drew and Hancock (1994); Iwahashi (1999); Khalid Mahmood (2004); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bactrocera cucurbitae (melon fly)	Present		Invasive	AVA (2001); CABI and EPPO (2003); Boontop et al. (2017); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly)	Present	Native		Drew and Hancock (1994); Iwahashi (1999); Khalid Mahmood (2004); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bactrocera latifrons (Solanum fruit fly)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bactrocera tau	Present			NHM (undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bactrocera tryoni (Queensland fruit fly)	Absent			EPPO (2022); IPPC (2015); IPPC (2021)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bactrocera umbrosa	Present, Widespread			AVA (2001); NHM (undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly)	Present			Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Blattella germanica (German cockroach)	Present	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Brontispa longissima (coconut hispine beetle)	Present			APPPC (1987); NHM (1999); AVA (2001); Rethinam and Singh (2007); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Callosobruchus chinensis (Chinese bruchid)	Present, Widespread			Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly)	Absent			EPPO (2022); IPPC (2015); IPPC (2021)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Charybdis hellerii	Present, Widespread	Native		Wee and Ng (1995)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Cherax quadricarinatus (redclaw crayfish)	Present	Introduced		Ahyong and Yeo (2007); Belle and Yeo (2010)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Chilades pandava	Present, Widespread			AVA (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Chrysomphalus aonidum (circular scale)	Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)			CABI (Undated); UK, CAB International (1988); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screw-worm)	Present			OIE (2020); OIE (2018); OIE (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm)	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Coptotermes curvignathus (rubber termite)	Present	Native		Snyder (1949)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Coptotermes gestroi (Asian subterranean termite)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Jenkins et al. (2007)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito)	Present, Widespread			Reuben et al. (1994)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Cylas formicarius (sweet potato weevil)	Present			UK, CAB International (1970); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid)	Present, Localized			Waterhouse (1993); CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Dichromothrips corbetti	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Dysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug)	Present			UK, CAB International (1972); Ben-Dov (1994); Williams (2004)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Dysmicoccus neobrevipes (grey pineapple mealybug)	Present			García Morales et al. (2016); Williams (2004)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Erionota thrax (banana skipper)	Present			UK, CAB International (1981); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Euwallacea perbrevis (tea shot-hole borer)	Present	Native		Smith et al. (2019); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Ferrisia virgata (striped mealybug)	Present			Kaydan and Gullan (2012); Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	CABI and EPPO (1999); He LianSheng et al. (2013); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Gynaikothrips ficorum (Cuban laurel thrips)	Present			UK, CAB International (1983); Jacot-Guillarmod and Brothers (1986)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm)	Present			UK, CAB International (1993); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Heteropsylla cubana (leucaena psyllid)	Present			Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Idioscopus clypealis (mango leafhopper)	Present			Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Liriomyza huidobrensis (serpentine leafminer)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Litopenaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp)	Present	Introduced		SEAFDEC (2005)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug)	Present	Native		Williams (2004); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Macrobrachium rosenbergii (giant freshwater prawn)	Present	Native		New (2000)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Monomorium destructor (Singapore ant)	Present			Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Myzus persicae (green peach aphid)	Present			UK, CAB International (1979); APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Nezara viridula (green stink bug)	Present			UK, CAB International (1970); Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Nipaecoccus viridis (spherical mealybug)	Present			Williams (2004)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Oryctes rhinoceros (coconut rhinoceros beetle)	Present			Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Oryzaephilus surinamensis (saw toothed grain beetle)	Present, Widespread			Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Papilio demoleus (chequered swallowtail)	Present, Widespread			Murphy (1973); APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Paraleyrodes minei	Present			CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Paratrechina longicornis (crazy ant)	Present	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Penaeus monodon (giant tiger prawn)	Present, Localized	Native		Shrimp News (2006)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Phyllocnistis citrella (citrus leaf miner)	Present, Widespread			UK, CAB International (1986); Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pieris rapae (cabbage white butterfly)	Present, Widespread			Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth)	Present, Widespread			UK, CAB International (1967); Ng et al. (1997); AVA (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Polyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mite)	Present			Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Prays endocarpa (citrus rind borer)	Present			Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crayfish)	Present	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (mulberry scale)	Present			Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Quadrastichus erythrinae (Erythrina gall wasp)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated);
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Rastrococcus invadens (fruit tree mealybug)	Present			Williams (1986); CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (red palm weevil)	Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)			CABI and EPPO (2016); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer)	Present, Widespread			AVA (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Sitophilus zeamais (greater grain weevil)	Present, Widespread			Champ and Dyte (1976); AVA (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Solenopsis invicta (red imported fire ant)	Present	Introduced		ISSG (2014)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Sophonia orientalis (two-spotted leafhopper)	Present	Native		Huang KunWei (1994)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Spodoptera exempta (black armyworm)	Present			EPPO (2022); Pogue (2002)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Spodoptera litura (taro caterpillar)	Present		Invasive	Ong and Soon (1989); UK, CAB International (1993); Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant)	Present, Widespread		Invasive	Lee and Kooi (2004)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite)	Present			Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Thrips palmi (melon thrips)	Present			Waterhouse (1993); CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); CABI and EPPO (1998); AVA (2001); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid)	Present			APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993); CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Trialeurodes ricini (castor bean whitefly)	Present, Widespread			AVA (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Trialeurodes vaporariorum (whitefly, greenhouse)	Present			AVA (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Trogoderma granarium (khapra beetle)	Absent, Confirmed absent by survey			IPPC (2021)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Tropilaelaps	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Unaspis citri (citrus snow scale)	Present			UK, CAB International (1962); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Varroa destructor (Varroa mite)	Present			Sanford et al. (2007); OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Xyleborus perforans (island pinhole borer)	Present	Native		UK, CAB International (1973)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Xyleborus similis	Present	Native		NHM (1984); Murphy and Meepol (1990)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Xylosandrus compactus (shot-hole borer)	Present	Native		CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Xylosandrus morigerus (brown twig beetle)	Present			Dole et al. (2010)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Acridotheres cristatellus	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Acridotheres fuscus (jungle myna)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Acridotheres tristis (common myna)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Amphiprion	Present	Native		Froese and Pauly (2009)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Aristichthys nobilis (bighead carp)	Present	Introduced		Welcomme (1988); Chou and Lam (1989); FishBase (2004); Froese and Pauly (2004)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Astronotus ocellatus (oscar)	Present	Introduced		Ng et al. (1993)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Bubalus bubalis (Asian water buffalo)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation			Cockrill (1977)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Bubulcus ibis (cattle egret)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Callosciurus finlaysonii (Finlayson's squirrel)	Present	Introduced		Thorington et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Carassius auratus auratus (goldfish)	Present	Introduced		Froese and Pauly (2009)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Chitala ornata (clown knife)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Cichla ocellaris (peacock cichlid)	Present	Introduced		Tan and Tan (2003)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Cichlasoma citrinellum	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Cichlasoma labiatum	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Cichlasoma urophthalmum (Mayan cichlid)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Ng and Tan (2010); Froese R and Pauly D (2016); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Clarias batrachus (walking catfish)	Present	Native		Froese and Pauly (2004); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Clarias gariepinus	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Columba livia (pigeons)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Corvus splendens (house crow)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Ryall (2002); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp)	Absent			Shireman and Smith (1983); Chou and Lam (1989); Froese and Pauly (2004); Froese and Pauly (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Cygnus olor (mute swan)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Cyprinus carpio (common carp)	Present	Introduced		Froese and Pauly (2021)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Dicrurus macrocercus	Present	Native		Robson (2000); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Asian common toad)	Present	Native		Dijk et al. (2016)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Eleutherodactylus planirostris (greenhouse frog)	Present, Few occurrences	Introduced		Groenewoud and Law (2016)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Gambusia affinis (western mosquitofish)	Present	Introduced		Froese and Pauly (2010)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Froese and Pauly (2008)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Garrulax canorus (Chinese hwamei)	Present, Localized	Introduced		Allen (2012); BirdForum (2015); Singapore Birds (2015); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp)	Absent			Froese and Pauly (2004); FishBase (2005); Froese and Pauly (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Hypostomus plecostomus (suckermouth catfish)	Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)			Baensch and Riehl (1985); Froese R and Pauly D (2014)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Lutjanus kasmira (blueline snapper)	Present, Widespread	Native		Allen (1985)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque)	Present	Native		Jiang et al. (2008)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Oreochromis aureus (blue tilapia)	Present	Introduced		Ng et al. (1993)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Pullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); FAO (1997); Pullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (sutchi catfish)	Present	Introduced		Froese and Pauly (2004)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Passer domesticus (house sparrow)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Pavo cristatus	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Pelvicachromis pulcher (rainbow krib)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Poecilia latipinna (sailfin molly)	Present	Introduced		Ng et al. (1993); FAO (1997); Froese R and Pauly D (2014); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Poecilia reticulata (guppy)	Present, Widespread	Introduced		Chou and Lam (1989); Ng et al. (1993); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Poecilia velifera	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Psittacula krameri (rose-ringed parakeet)	Present	Introduced		Cramp (1985); BirdLife International (2009); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus (Orinoco sailfin catfish)	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Pycnonotus jocosus (Red-whiskered bulbul)	Present, Widespread	Introduced		BirdLife International (2017); IUCN (2017); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Rachycentron canadum (cobia)	Present	Native		IUCN (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Rana catesbeiana (American bullfrog)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Tan and Tan (2002); Baker (2009); Santos-Barrera et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Rattus exulans (Pacific rat)	Present, Widespread			Ho (1980); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Rattus norvegicus (brown rat)	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Sciaenops ocellatus (red drum)	Present	Introduced		Froese and Pauly (2004)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Thorichthys meeki (firemouth cichlid)	Present	Introduced		Ng et al. (1993)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Threskiornis aethiopicus (sacred ibis)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Tilapia zillii (redbelly tilapia)	Present	Introduced		Ng et al. (1993)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Trachemys scripta elegans (red-eared slider)	Present	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Trichopodus trichopterus (three spot gourami)	Present	Native		Low and Lim (2012)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Tyto alba (Barn owl)	Present	Native		Avibase (2012); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Xiphophorus hellerii	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Ng et al. (1993); FAO (1997)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Xiphophorus maculatus (southern platyfish)	Present	Introduced		Ng et al. (1993); FAO (1997); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Zosterops japonicus (Japanese white-eye)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Cnidaria	Tubastraea coccinea (orange-cup coral)	Present			Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Achatina fulica (giant African land snail)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Jarrett (1923); Mead (1961); Mead (1979); Lim et al. (2018); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Arcuatula senhousia (Asian date mussel)	Present, Localized	Native		OBIS (2006)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Mytella charruana (Charru mussel)	Present	Introduced		Lim et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Mytilopsis sallei (Caribbean false mussel)	Present, Localized	Introduced		Sachidhanandam and Chou (1996); Chan (1997); Tan and Morton (2006)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Pinctada imbricata radiata (rayed pearl oyster)	Present	Native		Poutiers (1998)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail)	Present	Introduced		Cowie (2002); Halwart and Bartley (2006); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Pomacea maculata	Present	Introduced		Hayes et al. (2008); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Aphelenchoides besseyi (rice leaf nematode)	Present, Few occurrences			AVA (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne enterolobii (Pacara earpod tree root-knot nematode)	Absent, Eradicated			EPPO (2022); Anonymous (2010); CABI and EPPO (2014)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne graminicola (rice root knot nematode)	Present, Few occurrences			AVA (2001); CABI and EPPO (2001); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode)	Present			AVA (2001); CABI and EPPO (2002)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2002)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode)	Present			AVA (2001); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Trichinella	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Platyhelminthes	Echinococcus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2009)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Platyhelminthes	Echinococcus granulosus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Platyhelminthes	Echinococcus multilocularis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Platyhelminthes	Gyrodactylus salaris	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Platyhelminthes	Taenia solium	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Planctomycetes [kingdom]		Chlamydophila abortus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Planctomycetes [kingdom]		Chlamydophila psittaci	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Chlorophyta	Caulerpa taxifolia (killer algae)	Present	Native		Guiry and Guiry (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Chlorophyta	Ulva pertusa	Present	Native		Teo and Wee (1983)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Chlorophyta	Ulva reticulata (ribbon sea lettuce)	Present	Native		Chou and Wong (1984)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Adiantum hispidulum (rosy maidenhair fern)	Present, Localized	Native		Holttum (1954)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Adiantum raddianum (delta maidenhair fern)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Angiopteris evecta (king fern)	Present	Native		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Ceratopteris thalictroides (watersprite)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Christella dentata (soft fern)	Present	Native		GBIF (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Cyclosorus parasiticus (parasitic maiden fern)	Present	Native		GBIF (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Diplazium esculentum (vegetable fern)	Present	Native		Irudayaraj (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Lygodium flexuosum (maidenhair creeper)	Present	Native		Koh LianPin et al. (2002)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Lygodium japonicum (Japanese climbing fern)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Wee and Chua (1988); Chong et al. (2009); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Lygodium microphyllum (old world climbing fern)	Present	Native		PIER (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Nephrolepis brownii (Asian swordfern)	Present			GBIF (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Pteris tripartita (giant brake)	Present	Native		National Parks Board (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern)	Present			Chong et al. (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Salvinia molesta (kariba weed)	Present		Invasive	Wee (1986); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Thelypteris opulenta (jewelled maiden fern)	Present			Fosberg and Sachet (1972)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Rhodophyta	Acanthophora spicifera	Present	Native		Silva et al. (1996)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Rhodophyta	Gracilaria salicornia	Present	Native		Teo and Wee (1983); Phang (1994); Withell et al. (1994); Silva et al. (1996)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Rhodophyta	Hypnea musciformis	Present	Native		Silva et al. (1996)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Abelmoschus moschatus (musk mallow)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Abrus precatorius (rosary pea)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Abutilon indicum (country mallow)	Present		Invasive	PIER (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia auriculiformis (northern black wattle)	Present, Planted	Introduced	Invasive	Tan and Tan (2002)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia farnesiana (huisache)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia mangium (brown salwood)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Aguiar Júnior et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acanthospermum hispidum (bristly starbur)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Achyranthes aspera (devil's horsewhip)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acmella uliginosa (marsh para cress)	Present			Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Adenanthera pavonina (red-bead tree)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Aeschynomene americana (shyleaf)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Agave americana (century plant)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009); Waterhouse (1993); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Albizia chinensis (Chinese albizia)	Present, Planted	Introduced		PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009); PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Aleurites moluccanus (candlenut tree)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Allamanda blanchetii (purple allamanda)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Allamanda cathartica (yellow allamanda)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Alocasia cucullata (Chinese taro)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Aloe vera (true aloe)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Alpinia purpurata (red ginger)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Alpinia zerumbet (shell ginger)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed)	Present			Pancho and Soerjani (1978); Holm et al. (1991); Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Waterhouse (1993); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Annona cherimola (cherimoya)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Annona muricata (soursop)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Annona reticulata (bullock's heart)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009); PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Antigonon leptopus (coral vine)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ardisia crenata (coral berry)	Present, Few occurrences	Native		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Arenga pinnata (sugar palm)	Present			Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Argyreia nervosa (elephant creeper)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Aristolochia elegans (elegant Dutchman’s pipe)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Aristolochia ringens (Dutchman’s pipe)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit)	Present, Planted			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Arundo donax (giant reed)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Asclepias curassavica (bloodflower)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Asparagus setaceus (asparagus fern)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Asystasia gangetica (chinese violet)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Averrhoa bilimbi (bilimbi)	Present			CABI (Undated);
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Axonopus compressus (carpet grass)	Present, Widespread			Leong (1987); Waterhouse (1993); Seebens et al. (2017); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Axonopus fissifolius	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Azadirachta indica (neem tree)	Present, Planted	Introduced		World Agroforestry Centre (2002); Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bacopa monnieri (water hyssop)	Present	Introduced		GRIIS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bambusa bambos (giant thorny bamboo)	Present	Introduced		Duriyaprapan and Jansen (1995); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bambusa tuldoides (punting pole bamboo)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo)	Present, Planted	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Barleria cristata (Philippine violet)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Barleria lupulina (hophead Philippine violet)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Basella alba (malabar spinach)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bauhinia monandra (Napoleon's plume)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bauhinia purpurea (purple bauhinia)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bauhinia variegata (mountain ebony)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bidens pilosa (blackjack)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bixa orellana (annatto)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		PIER (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Blyxa aubertii (roundfruit blyxa)	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling)	Present			Hooker (1885); Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Borreria latifolia (broadleaf buttonweed)	Present			Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bothriochloa bladhii (Caucasian bluestem)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Breynia disticha (snowbush)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Buddleja asiatica (dog tail)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009); ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Caladium bicolor (heart of Jesus)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Callisia fragrans (basketplant)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	ILDIS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Capsicum annuum (bell pepper)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Carludovica palmata (Panama hat plant)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cascabela thevetia (yellow oleander)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum)	Present	Introduced		Lock and Ford (2004); Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Castilla elastica (Mexican rubber tree)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Wright (1912); PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina)	Present, Planted	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Casuarina glauca (scaly oak (Australia))	Present, Planted	Introduced		WAC (2005)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar)	Present, Planted			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cenchrus echinatus (southern sandbur)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort)	Present	Native		PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Centratherum punctatum (lark daisy)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ceratophyllum demersum (coontail)	Present, Widespread			Revilla et al. (1991)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cestrum diurnum (day jessamine)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cestrum nocturnum (night jessamine)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Chamaecrista nictitans (sensitive partridge pea)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cheilocostus speciosus (crepe ginger )	Present	Native		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cinnamomum burmanni (padang cassia)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cissus quadrangularis (treebine)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Yeo et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cleome gynandra	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cleome rutidosperma (fringed spiderflower)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Jacobs (1960); Wild (1960); Turner (1995); Waterhouse and Mitchell (1998)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cleome viscosa (Asian spiderflower)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clerodendrum chinense (Chinese glory bower)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clerodendrum indicum (Turk's turban)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clerodendrum paniculatum (pagoda flower)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clerodendrum quadriloculare (bronze-leaved clerodendrum)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clerodendrum speciosissimum (Java glory bower)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clerodendrum thomsoniae (bleeding glory bower)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clerodendrum wallichii (Wallich's glorybower)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clidemia hirta (Koster's curse)	Present, Localized	Introduced	Invasive	Wee and Corlett (1986)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clitoria ternatea (butterfly-pea)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009); USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clusia rosea	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Coccinia grandis (scarlet-fruited ivy gourd)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cocos nucifera (coconut)	Present			Orwa et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Coleus blumei (common coleus)	Present			CABI Data Mining (undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Colocasia esculenta (taro)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Colubrina asiatica (latherleaf)	Present	Native		Flora of Singapore (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Combretum indicum (Rangoon creeper)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009); USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Commelina benghalensis (wandering jew)	Present			Wilson (1981)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Commelina diffusa (spreading dayflower)	Present			Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cordyline fruticosa (ti plant)	Present			Hinkle (2007); Smithsonian (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cosmos sulphureus (sulphur cosmos)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Crassocephalum crepidioides (redflower ragleaf)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Crotalaria retusa (rattleweed)	Present	Native		ILDIS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cryptocoryne ciliata	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cryptostegia grandiflora (rubber vine)	Present, Localized	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cuphea carthagenensis (Colombian waxweed)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cuphea hyssopifolia (false heather)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		HEAR (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyanthillium cinereum (little ironweed)	Present		Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus compressus (annual sedge)	Present			Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus iria (rice flatsedge)	Present			Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus papyrus (papyrus)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass)	Present	Introduced		Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Datura metel (Hindu datura)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Delonix regia (flamboyant)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Derris elliptica (tuba root)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dichanthium annulatum (Kleberg's bluestem)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dichanthium caricosum (nadi blue grass)	Present			Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dieffenbachia seguine (dumb cane)	Present	Introduced		HEAR (2017); Keng et al. (1998)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Digitaria bicornis (Asian crabgrass)	Present	Native		PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass)	Present			Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Digitaria fuscescens (yellow crab grass)	Present	Native		PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Digitaria sanguinalis (large crabgrass)	Present	Introduced		Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dioscorea alata (white yam)	Present	Native		Govaerts (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dolichandra unguis-cati (cat's claw creeper)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dombeya wallichii (pink ball)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dracaena fragrans (corn plant)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Drymaria cordata (tropical chickweed)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Duranta erecta (golden dewdrop)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dypsis lutescens (yellow butterfly palm)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Echinochloa colona (junglerice)	Present, Widespread		Invasive	Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eichhornia azurea (anchored water hyacinth)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		National Parks Board (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Gopal (1987); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Elephantopus mollis (elephant's foot)	Present	Introduced		Lee et al. (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eleusine indica (goose grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Waterhouse (1993); Waterhouse (1994)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Elodea canadensis (Canadian pondweed)	Present	Introduced		Revilla et al. (1991)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower)	Present			Chong et al. (2009); Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Epipremnum pinnatum (centipede tongavine)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eragrostis amabilis (Japanese lovegrass)	Present		Invasive	PIER (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eragrostis atrovirens (thalia lovegrass)	Present	Native		Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eragrostis unioloides (Chinese lovegrass)	Present	Native		PIER (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Erechtites hieraciifolius (American burnweed)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Erechtites valerianifolius (tropical burnweed)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2012); Corlett (1992)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eriobotrya japonica (loquat)	Present, Planted	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Etlingera elatior (torch ginger)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eugenia uniflora (Surinam cherry)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Euphorbia hypericifolia (graceful spurge)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Euphorbia lactea (mottled spurge)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Euphorbia milii (crown-of-thorns)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009); National Parks Board (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Euphorbia tirucalli (Indian-tree spurge)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Euphorbia tithymaloides (devil's backbone)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Falcataria moluccana (batai wood)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2014); ILDIS (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ficus benghalensis (banyan)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ficus benjamina (weeping fig)	Present			Chong et al. (2009); PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ficus elastica (rubber plant)	Present			Chong et al. (2009); PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ficus microcarpa (Indian laurel tree)	Present	Native		Chong et al. (2009); PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ficus pumila (creeping fig)	Present			Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ficus religiosa (sacred fig tree)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Chong et al. (2009); Randall (2012); PIER (2014); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Fimbristylis cymosa (tropical fimbry)	Present			Louis (1990)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Flemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Flemingia strobilifera (wild hops)	Present	Native	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009); ILDIS (2014); PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Furcraea foetida (Mauritius hemp)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Gmelina arborea (candahar)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Grevillea robusta (silky oak)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Haematoxylum campechianum (logwood)	Present	Introduced		Seegeler (1992)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hedychium coccineum (scarlet ginger lily)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Heliotropium indicum (Indian heliotrope)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hemigraphis alternata (red ivy)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Heterotis rotundifolia (pink lady)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hevea brasiliensis (rubber)	Present			FAO (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hibiscus tiliaceus (coast cottonwood)	Present, Planted	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla)	Present, Widespread			Cook and Luond (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hylocereus undatus (dragon fruit)	Present	Introduced		UK, Royal Botanic Gardens (1999)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hyptis brevipes (lesser roundweed)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hyptis suaveolens (pignut)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Impatiens walleriana (busy lizzy)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass)	Present	Native		Gilliland (1971); Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Indigofera hirsuta (hairy indigo)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Indigofera spicata (creeping indigo)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Indigofera suffruticosa (Anil indigo)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2013); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Indigofera tinctoria (true indigo)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea aquatica (swamp morning-glory)	Present			Chuo et al. (1981); Khoo and Lim (1989); Isabelle et al. (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morning glory)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (bush morning glory)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea quamoclit (cypress vine)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea triloba (three-lobe morning glory)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass)	Present			Waterhouse (1993); Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ixora finlaysoniana (white jungle flame)	Present	Introduced		Teo et al. (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Jasminum multiflorum (star jasmine)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Jasminum sambac (Arabian jasmine)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Jatropha curcas (jatropha)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush)	Present	Introduced		Holm et al. (1979); Wilson (1997); Padua et al. (1999); IPCS, INCHEM (2004)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Kyllinga nemoralis (white kyllinga)	Present	Native		Kumar (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd)	Present	Introduced		PFAF (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lagerstroemia indica (Indian crape myrtle)	Present			Orwa et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lagerstroemia speciosa (Pride of India)	Present	Introduced		Orwa et al. (2009); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lantana camara (lantana)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Waterhouse (1993); Seebens et al. (2017); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lawsonia inermis (Egyptian privet)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leersia hexandra (southern cut grass)	Present			Pyrah (1969)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lemna perpusilla (duckweed)	Present			Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leonotis nepetifolia (Christmas candlestick)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leonurus japonicus (honeyweed)	Present	Native		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	ILDIS (2007); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lindernia crustacea (Malaysian false pimpernel)	Present		Invasive	Chong et al. (2009); Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Livistona chinensis (Chinese fan palm)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ludwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose)	Present	Native		HEAR (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ludwigia octovalvis (primrose willow)	Present			Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Macaranga tanarius (parasol leaf tree)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Malvaviscus arboreus (wax mallow)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mangifera indica (mango)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Manilkara zapota (sapodilla)	Present	Introduced		Orwa et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Maranta arundinacea (arrowroot)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2013); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Melaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Melastoma malabathricum (Banks melastoma)	Present			Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Melia azedarach (Chinaberry)	Present	Introduced		World Agroforestry Centre (2002)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Melinis repens (natal redtop)	Present, Localized	Introduced		Louis (1990); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Merremia umbellata (hogvine)	Present	Native		Staples (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Miconia calvescens (miconia)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mikania micrantha (bitter vine)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Waterhouse (1993); Lee et al. (1997); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mimosa diplotricha (giant sensitive plant)	Present	Introduced		Waterhouse (1993); PIER (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Wee and Corlett (1986); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001); PIER (2017); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock flower)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2016); Cantley and Dennys (1886)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Monochoria hastata (hastate-leaved pondweed)	Present	Native	Invasive	PIER (2019); Tagore et al. (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Monochoria vaginalis (pickerel weed)	Present			Pancho and Soerjani (1978)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Moorochloa eruciformis (sweet signal grass)	Present	Native		Kumar (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Moringa oleifera (horse radish tree)	Present, Planted	Introduced		PIER (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Nghiem et al. (2015); Seebens et al. (2017); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Murraya paniculata (orange jessamine)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		PIER (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mussaenda philippica (Queen of Philippines)	Present	Introduced		Creuwels (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Nerium oleander (oleander)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		PIER (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Neyraudia reynaudiana (burma reed)	Present	Introduced		Veldkamp (1999); Duistermaat (2004); Duistermaat (2005)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Nopalea cochenillifera (cochineal cactus)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Odontonema cuspidatum (Cardinal’s guard)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Olea europaea subsp. europaea (European olive)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Oxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009); Waterhouse (1993); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Oxalis debilis (pink woodsorrel)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pachira aquatica (pachira nut)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pachystachys coccinea (Cardinal's guard)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paederia foetida (skunkvine)	Present, Localized	Native		Puff (1991)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Panicum repens (torpedo grass)	Present	Introduced		Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Parkinsonia aculeata (Mexican palo-verde)	Present, Planted	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Parmentiera aculeata (cucumber tree)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009); Waterhouse (1993); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum dilatatum (dallisgrass)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum scrobiculatum (ricegrass paspalum)	Present			Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum)	Present	Native		PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Passiflora edulis (passionfruit)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Waterhouse (1993); Yeoh and Wee (1994); Anon (1998)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Passiflora ligularis (sweet granadilla)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Randall (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Passiflora suberosa (corkystem passionflower)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Peltophorum pterocarpum (copperpod)	Present, Planted			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Waterhouse (1993); Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pentas lanceolata (Egyptian starcluster)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Persicaria chinensis (Chinese knotweed)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Phormium tenax (New Zealand flax)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Phyllanthus urinaria (leafflower)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pilea microphylla	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pimenta dioica (allspice)	Present	Introduced		Parthasarathy et al. (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Piper aduncum (spiked pepper)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Hartemink (2006); Tan et al. (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce)	Present			Waterhouse (1993); PIER (2003); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pithecellobium dulce (Manila tamarind)	Present, Planted	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Plantago major (broad-leaved plantain)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Chua et al. (1994)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Plectranthus scutellarioides (coleus)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009); PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pluchea indica (Indian camphorweed)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Portulaca oleracea (purslane)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Portulaca pilosa (kiss-me-quick)	Present			Chong et al. (2009); Corlett (1988); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Portulaca quadrifida (chickenweed)	Present			GBIF (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides (Mexican flamevine)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Psidium guajava (guava)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pterocarpus indicus (red sandalwood)	Present	Native and Introduced		Chong et al. (2009); Barstow (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ptychosperma macarthurii (Macarthur palm)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Keng et al. (1998)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pueraria phaseoloides (tropical kudzu)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009); Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Downy rose-myrtle)	Present	Native		PIER (2012); Plessis et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ricinus communis (castor bean)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rivina humilis (bloodberry)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass)	Present			Duistermaat (2004)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Roystonea oleracea (Caribbean royal palm)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Russelia equisetiformis (firecracker plant)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sacciolepis indica (glen woodgrass)	Present	Native		CABI (Undated); Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sagittaria latifolia (broadleaf arrowhead)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Samanea saman (rain tree)	Present, Planted	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sanchezia speciosa (shrubby whitevein)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sansevieria trifasciata (mother-in-law’s tongue)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Schefflera actinophylla (umbrella tree)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Schinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian pepper tree)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Schizolobium parahyba (Brazilian fern tree)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		National Parks Board (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna alata (candle bush)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna bacillaris (whitebark senna)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna hirsuta (hairy senna)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2005); PIER (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna multijuga (November shower)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009); USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna occidentalis (coffee senna)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2016); USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna siamea (yellow cassia)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna spectabilis (whitebark senna)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009); PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna surattensis (golden senna)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009); ILDIS (2014); PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sesbania grandiflora (sesbania)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sida acuta (sida)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum mammosum (nipplefruit nightshade)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum torvum (turkey berry)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Corlett (1988)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree)	Present, Planted	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Spathoglottis plicata (Philippine ground orchid)	Present	Native		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sphagneticola trilobata (wedelia)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sporobolus pyramidatus (whorled dropseed)	Absent, Invalid presence record(s)			PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sporobolus tenuissimus (tropical dropseed)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Stachytarpheta cayennensis (blue snakeweed)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2015); Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Jamaica vervain)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Stachytarpheta urticifolia (rattail)	Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)			Moldenke (1980)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Sauer (1972)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sterculia apetala (Panama tree)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		PIER (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sterculia foetida (Java olive)	Present, Planted			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Striga asiatica (witch weed)	Present	Native		Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Synedrella nodiflora (synedrella)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Syngonium podophyllum (arrowhead vine)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tabebuia rosea (pink poui)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Tan (2011); PIER (2016); Urban Forest (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tamarindus indica (tamarind)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion)	Present	Introduced		Holm et al. (1997)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tecoma capensis (Cape honeysuckle)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond)	Present			Orwa et al. (2009); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Themeda arguens (Christmas grass)	Present		Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Thunbergia alata (black eyed Susan)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Thunbergia fragrans (whitelady)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Thunbergia grandiflora (Bengal trumpet)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Chong et al. (2009); USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Thymophylla tenuiloba (Dahlberg daisy)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tibouchina urvilleana (princessflower)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tradescantia spathacea (boat lily)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tradescantia zebrina (wandering jew)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Triadica sebifera (Chinese tallow tree)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	USDA-ARS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tridax procumbens (coat buttons)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Trimezia steyermarkii (yellow walking iris)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Triphasia trifolia (limeberry)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Triplaris americana (ant tree)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Triumfetta rhomboidea (diamond burbark)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Turnera ulmifolia (West Indian holly)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Typha angustifolia (lesser bulrush)	Present			Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Urochloa mutica (para grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Vigna marina (beach bean)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Native		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Xyris complanata (yellow-eyed grass)	Present	Native		GBIF (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Youngia japonica (oriental false hawksbeard)	Present	Introduced		Chong et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Zoysia matrella (Manila grass)	Present	Native		PIER (2016); Waterhouse (1993)
Eukaryota	Protista	Paramyxea	Marteilia refringens	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Babesia	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Bonamia exitiosa	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Bonamia ostreae	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Gymnodinium catenatum	Present, Few occurrences			Holmes et al. (2002)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Perkinsus marinus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Perkinsus olseni	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Plasmodium relictum	Present	Native		Beadell et al. (2006)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Tritrichomonas foetus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Trypanosoma equiperdum	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Trypanosoma evansi	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			African horse sickness virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			African swine fever virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			alcelaphine herpesvirus 1	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virus			Arterivirus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virus			avian infectious bronchitis virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			avian metapneumovirus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Avipoxvirus	Present			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virus			bluetongue virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			bovine herpesvirus 1	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			bovine leukemia virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			bovine viral diarrhea virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			camelpox virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			caprine arthritis encephalitis virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			classical swine fever virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus	Present			Dahal and Albrechtsen (1996); CABI and EPPO (2010)
Virus			Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			eastern equine encephalitis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Virus			equid herpesvirus 1	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			equine arteritis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			equine infectious anaemia virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			equine influenzavirus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			foot-and-mouth disease virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Haliotid herpesvirus 1	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Virus			Indian cassava mosaic virus (Indian cassava mosaic)	Present			Wang Gang et al. (2014)
Virus			infectious bursal disease virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Virus			infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Virus			infectious myonecrosis virus	Absent			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Virus			infectious salmon anemia virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Virus			influenza A virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019)
Virus			Japanese encephalitis virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			lumpy skin disease virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Virus			myxoma virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Nairobi sheep disease virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Newcastle disease virus	Present, Localized			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Nipah virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Papaya ringspot virus	Present			AVA (2001); CABI and EPPO (2003)
Virus			peste des petits ruminants virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus	Present			OIE (2020); OIE (2019)
Virus			rabies virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			red sea bream iridovirus	Absent			OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2020)
Virus			Rift Valley fever virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			rinderpest virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			spring viraemia of carp virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Virus			Suid herpesvirus 1	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			swine vesicular disease virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virus			Taura syndrome virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Virus			Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (tomato spotted wilt)	Present, Few occurrences			AVA (2001)
Virus			transmissible gastroenteritis virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			vesicular stomatitis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virus			viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Virus			visna/maedi virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			West Nile virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			western equine encephalitis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			White spot syndrome virus	Absent			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)

List of Species CSV Output

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Generate a spreadsheet of the List of Species which also includes records from basic datasheets.

Basic datasheets include data mined from various sources (including the CAB Abstracts database and selected invasive species databases). Further confirmation of distribution status should be sought before use.

Download CSV file

List of Animal Diseases

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The table lists the animal diseases recorded in the Compendium for this region (from the full disease datasheets). For further information, please follow the link to the datasheet.

Disease	Distribution	Origin	References
abalone viral ganglioneuritis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
acarapisosis of honey bees	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
actinomycosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Aeromonas infection in fish	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2009)
African horse sickness	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
African swine fever	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
American foul brood	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
anaplasmosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
anthrax	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Aujeszky's disease	Absent		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
avian chlamydiosis	Present		OIE (2019); OIE (2009); OIE (2019)
avian infectious bronchitis	Absent		OIE (2019); Lim (1977); Chew (1985); OIE (2019)
avian influenza	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); Koh-Yeo et al. (1996); OIE (2009); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019)
avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum)	Absent		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma synoviae)	Absent		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
avian tuberculosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
avipox	Present		OIE Handistatus (2005)
babesiosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2009)
Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans infection	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
blackleg	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
bluetongue	Absent		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
bonamiosis (Bonamia exitiosa)	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
bonamiosis (Bonamia ostreae)	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Borrelia anserina infections	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
botulism	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
bovine anaplasmosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
bovine babesiosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
bovine genital campylobacteriosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
bovine herpesvirus 1 infections	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
bovine spongiform encephalopathy	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
bovine tuberculosis	Absent		OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
bovine venereal trichomonosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
bovine viral diarrhoea	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
brucellosis (Brucella abortus)	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
brucellosis (Brucella melitensis)	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
brucellosis (Brucella ovis)	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
brucellosis (Brucella suis)	Absent		OIE (2019); OIE (2000); OIE (2019)
Burkholderia pseudomallei infections	Present		Chiew King-Tiong et al. (1991); Dance (1991)
camel pox	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
caprine arthritis encephalitis	Absent		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
caseous lymphadenitis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
Chrysomya bezziana infestation	Present		OIE (2020); OIE (2018); OIE (2020)
Chytridiomycosis	Absent		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
classical swine fever	Absent		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Clostridium perfringens enteritis and enterotoxaemia	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
Cochliomyia hominivorax infestation	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
contagious agalactia	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
contagious bovine pleuropneumonia	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
contagious caprine pleuropneumonia	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
contagious ecthyma	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
contagious equine metritis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
contagious ophthalmia	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
crayfish plague	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
dermatophilosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
dourine	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
duck virus hepatitis	Absent		OIE (2019); OIE (2019); CABI (Undated)
Echinococcus	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2009)
Echinococcus granulosus	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Echinococcus multilocularis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Edwardsiella septicaemia (Edwardsiella tarda infection)	Present		CABI (Undated)
enzootic abortion of ewes	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
enzootic bovine leukosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
epizootic haematopoietic necrosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
epizootic haemorrhagic disease	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
epizootic lymphangitis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
epizootic ulcerative syndrome	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
equine coital exanthema	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern)	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
equine encephalomyelitis (Western)	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
equine infectious anaemia	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
equine influenza	Absent		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
equine piroplasmosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
equine rhinopneumonitis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
equine viral arteritis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
European foul brood	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
foot-and-mouth disease in pigs	Absent		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
foot-and-mouth disease in ruminants	Absent		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
fowl cholera	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2009)
fowl typhoid	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Fusobacterium necrophorum infections	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
glanders	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Gyrodactylus salaris infection	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
haemorrhagic septicaemia	Absent		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
heartwater	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
horse pox	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
infection with Marteilia refringens	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
infection with Perkinsus marinus	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
infection with Perkinsus olseni	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Infection with salmonid alphavirus	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
infectious bursal disease	Absent		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
infectious haematopoietic necrosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
infectious laryngotracheitis	Absent		OIE (2019); OIE (2019); CABI (Undated)
infectious myonecrosis	Absent		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
infectious salmon anaemia	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Japanese encephalitis	Absent		OIE (2019); CHAN and LOH (1966); OIE (2019)
koi herpesvirus disease	Absent		OIE (2020); OIE (2009); OIE (2020)
leishmaniosis	Present		OIE (2020); OIE (2019)
leptospirosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2009)
leucocytozoonosis	Present		Akiba (1970)
listeriosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
lumpy skin disease	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
malignant catarrhal fever	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
Marek's disease	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2009)
Mycoplasma agalactiae infections	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2009)
myxomatosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Nairobi sheep disease	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
necrotizing hepatopancreatitis	Absent		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Newcastle disease	Present, Localized		OIE (2019); OIE (2009); OIE (2019)
Nipah virus infection	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); Chew et al. (2000); OIE (2019)
Oncorhynchus masou virus disease	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
paratuberculosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Pasteurella multocida infections	Present		Rhoades and Rimler (1987); Tay et al. (1992)
peste des petits ruminants	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Plasmodium relictum infection	Present	Native	Beadell et al. (2006)
porcine enterovirus infections	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2009)
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
pullorum disease	Absent		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
pulmonary adenomatosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
Q fever	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
rabbit haemorrhagic disease	Present		OIE (2020); OIE (2019)
rabies	Absent		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Ranavirus infection in amphibians	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
red sea bream iridoviral disease	Absent		OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2020)
Riemerella anatipestifer infection	Present, Widespread		Singh et al. (1982); Loh et al. (1992)
Rift Valley fever	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
rinderpest	Absent		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
scrapie	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
sheep and goat pox	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
small hive beetle infestation	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
spherical baculovirosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2009)
spring viraemia of carp	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
strangles	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
surra	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
swine dysentery	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
swine vesicular disease	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE Handistatus (2005)
Taura syndrome	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
theileriosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
transmissible gastroenteritis and porcine respiratory coronovirus infection	Absent		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Trichinella	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
trichomonosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2009)
Tropilaelaps infestation of honey bees	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
trypanosomosis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
tuberculosis	Absent		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
tularaemia	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
turkey rhinotracheitis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
varroosis of honey bees	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); Sanford et al. (2007); OIE (2019)
Venezuelan equine encephalitis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
vesicular stomatitis	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2009)
viral haemorrhagic septicaemia	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
visna/maedi	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
West Nile fever	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
white spot disease	Absent		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
white tail disease	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Xenohaliotis californiensis infection	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
yellow head disease	Absent, No presence record(s)		OIE (2020); OIE (2020)

List of Animal Diseases CSV Output

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Generate a spreadsheet of the List of Animal Diseases which also includes records from basic datasheets.

Basic datasheets include data mined from various sources (including the CAB Abstracts database). Further confirmation of distribution status should be sought before use.

Download CSV file

Agricultural Production

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Crop		2019	2018	2017	2016	2015
Bananas	Area harvested	M	M	M	M	M
Bananas	Production quantity	M	M	M	M	M
Beans, green	Area harvested	M	M	M	M	M
Beans, green	Production quantity	M	M	M	M	M
Cabbages and other brassicas	Area harvested	37 Im	36 Im	35 Im	34 Im	33 Im
	Production quantity	723 Im	705 Im	688 Im	671 Im	655 Im
	Yield	195,405 Fc	195,833 Fc	196,571 Fc	197,353 Fc	198,485 Fc
Cassava	Area harvested	Im	Im	Im	Im	Im
Cassava	Production quantity	Im	Im	Im	Im	Im
Coconuts	Area harvested	16 Im	16 Im	16 Im	15 Im	14 Im
	Production quantity	126 Im	126 Im	127 Im	126 Im	94 Im
	Yield	78,750 Fc	78,750 Fc	79,375 Fc	84,000 Fc	67,143 Fc
Cucumbers and gherkins	Area harvested	M	M	M	M	M
Cucumbers and gherkins	Production quantity	M	M	M	M	M
Fruit Primary	Area harvested	1 A	1 A	1 A	1 A	1 A
	Production quantity	2 A	2 A	2 A	2 A	2 A
	Yield	20,000 Fc	20,000 Fc	20,000 Fc	20,000 Fc	20,000 Fc
Fruit, fresh nes	Area harvested	1 Im	1 Im	1 Im	1 Im	1 Im
	Production quantity	2 Im	2 Im	2 Im	2 Im	2 Im
	Yield	20,000 Fc	20,000 Fc	20,000 Fc	20,000 Fc	20,000 Fc
Lettuce and chicory	Area harvested	27 Im	30 Im	27 Im	22 Im	18 Im
	Production quantity	660	722	652	546	439
	Yield	244,444 Fc	240,667 Fc	241,481 Fc	248,182 Fc	243,889 Fc
Mushrooms and truffles	Area harvested	7 Im	6 Im	3 Im	2 Im	2 Im
	Production quantity	131	108	53	30	32
	Yield	187,143 Fc	180,000 Fc	176,667 Fc	150,000 Fc	160,000 Fc
Oilcrops	Area harvested	16 A	16 A	16 A	15 A	14 A
	Production quantity	126 A	126 A	127 A	126 A	94 A
	Yield	78,750 Fc	78,750 Fc	79,375 Fc	84,000 Fc	67,143 Fc
Oilcrops, Cake Equivalent	Area harvested	16 A	16 A	16 A	15 A	14 A
	Production quantity	10 A	10 A	10 A	10 A	8 A
	Yield	6,300 Fc	6,300 Fc	6,350 Fc	6,720 Fc	5,371 Fc
Oilcrops, Oil Equivalent	Area harvested	16 A	16 A	16 A	15 A	14 A
	Production quantity	16 A	16 A	17 A	16 A	12 A
	Yield	10,238 Fc	10,238 Fc	10,319 Fc	10,920 Fc	8,729 Fc
Onions, shallots, green	Area harvested	M	M	M	M	M
Onions, shallots, green	Production quantity	M	M	M	M	M
Papayas	Area harvested	M	M	M	M	M
Papayas	Production quantity	M	M	M	M	M
Roots and tubers nes	Area harvested	1 Im	1 Im	1 Im	1 Im	1 Im
	Production quantity	16 Im	16 Im	16 Im	15 Im	15 Im
	Yield	160,000 Fc	160,000 Fc	160,000 Fc	150,000 Fc	150,000 Fc
Roots and Tubers, Total	Area harvested	1 A	1 A	1 A	1 A	1 A
	Production quantity	16 A	16 A	16 A	15 A	15 A
	Yield	160,000 Fc	160,000 Fc	160,000 Fc	150,000 Fc	150,000 Fc
Rubber, natural	Area harvested	M	M	M	M	M
Rubber, natural	Production quantity	M	M	M	M	M
Spinach	Area harvested	104 Im	104 Im	103 Im	103 Im	103 Im
	Production quantity	2,126 Im	2,111 Im	2,095 Im	2,080 Im	2,096 Im
	Yield	204,423 Fc	202,981 Fc	203,398 Fc	201,942 Fc	203,495 Fc
Sugar cane	Area harvested	M	M	M	M	M
Sugar cane	Production quantity	M	M	M	M	M
Sugar Crops Primary	Area harvested	A	A	A	A	A
Sugar Crops Primary	Production quantity	A	A	A	A	A
Sweet potatoes	Area harvested	Im	Im	Im	Im	Im
Sweet potatoes	Production quantity	Im	Im	Im	Im	Im
Tobacco, unmanufactured	Area harvested	Im	Im	Im	Im	Im
Tobacco, unmanufactured	Production quantity	Im	Im	Im	Im	Im
Tomatoes	Area harvested	6 Im	6 Im	8 Im	6 Im	5 Im
	Production quantity	59	65	88	66	64
	Yield	98,333 Fc	108,333 Fc	110,000 Fc	110,000 Fc	128,000 Fc
Vegetables Primary	Area harvested	1,458 A	1,444 A	1,368 A	1,360 A	1,363 A
	Production quantity	27,145 A	26,849 A	25,402 A	25,210 A	25,790 A
	Yield	186,180 Fc	185,935 Fc	185,687 Fc	185,368 Fc	189,215 Fc
Vegetables, fresh nes	Area harvested	1,277 Im	1,262 Im	1,192 Im	1,193 Im	1,202 Im
	Production quantity	23,446	23,138	21,826	21,817	22,504
	Yield	183,602 Fc	183,344 Fc	183,104 Fc	182,875 Fc	187,221 Fc

Flag
No flag = Official data
A = Aggregate, may include official, semi-official, estimated or calculated data
Fc = Calculated data
Im = FAO data based on imputation methodology
M = Data not available

Units
Area harvested = ha
Production quantity = tonnes
Yield = hg/ha

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, (2021). FAOSTAT - Food and agriculture data, http://www.fao.org/faostat/. Reproduced with permission.

Land Usage

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Land Use		2018	2017	2016	2015	2014
Agricultural land	Area	1 Fm	1 Fm	1 Fm	1 Fm	1 Fm
Agriculture	Area	1 Fc	1 Fc	1 Fc	1 Fc	1 Fc
Agriculture area under organic agric.	Area	0 I
Arable land	Area	1 Fm	1 Fm	1 Fm	1 Fm	1 Fm
Country area	Area	72 Fm	72 Q	72 Q	72 Q	72 Q
Cropland	Area	1 Fm	1 Fm	1 Fm	1 Fm	1 Q
Cropland area under organic agric.	Area	0 I
Forest land	Area	16 Q	16 Q	16 Q	16 Q	17 Fm
Inland waters	Area	1 Fm	1 Fm	1 Fm	1 Fm	1 Fm
Land area	Area	71 Fm	71 Fm	71 Fm	71 Fm	71 Fm
Land under permanent crops	Area	0 Fm	0 Fm	0 Fm	0 Fm	0 Fm
Naturally regenerating forest	Area	16 Q	16 Q	16 Q	16 Q	17 Fm
Other land	Area	54 Fc	54 Fc	54 Fc	54 Fc	54 Fc
Planted Forest	Area	0 Q	0 Q	0 Q	0 Q	0 Fm
Primary Forest	Area		0 Fm	0 Fm	0 Q	0 Fm
Land used for aquaculture	Area					1 Q

Flag
Fc = Calculated data
Fm = Manual Estimation
I = Country data reported by International Organizations where the country is a member (Semi-official) - WTO, EU, UNSD, etc.
Q = Official data reported on FAO Questionnaires from countries

Units
Area = 1000 ha

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, (2021). FAOSTAT - Food and agriculture data, http://www.fao.org/faostat/. Reproduced with permission.

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Invasive Species Compendium

Datasheet

Singapore

Toolbox

Singapore

Index

Summary

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List of Species

List of Species CSV Output

List of Animal Diseases

List of Animal Diseases CSV Output

Agricultural Production

Land Usage