| | | yellow head virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Dermatophilus congolensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Bacteroidetes | Paenibacillus larvae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Bacillus anthracis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Melissococcus plutonius | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma gallisepticum | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) type | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma synoviae | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Anaplasma marginale | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella abortus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella melitensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella ovis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella suis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Hepatobacter penaei | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Coxiella burnetii | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ehrlichia ruminantium | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Francisella tularensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pasteurella multocida | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato) | Present | | | EPPO (2021); Yik (1988); Yik et al. (1994) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 (bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); CABI (Undated); |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella Abortusequi | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella abortusovis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella enteritidis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella gallinarum | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella pullorum | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Taylorella equigenitalis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Vibrio parahaemolyticus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas citri (citrus canker) | Present | | | Lim (1988); Yik (1988); Li et al. (2007); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xenohaliotis californiensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Aphanomyces astaci | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Aphanomyces invadans | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Panama disease of banana) | Present | Native | Invasive | AVA (2001); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022); Graham (1969); CABI and EPPO (2011) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Pseudocercospora ulei (South American leaf blight of rubber (SALB)) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | EPPO (2022); IPPC (2021) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soyabean rust) | Present, Few occurrences | | | Yik (1988); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phellinus noxius (brown tea root disease) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1997); AVA (2001); Burcham et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia horiana (white rust of chrysanthemum) | Present | | | Demers et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia kuehnii (orange rust) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Synchytrium endobioticum (wart disease of potato) | Absent | | | IPPC (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Acarapis woodi (honeybee mite) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Adoretus sinicus (Chinese rose beetle) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1981); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aethina tumida | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurocanthus woglumi (citrus blackfly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Clausen and Berry (1932); Mound and Halsey (1978); APPPC (1987); UK, CAB International (1995) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurodicus destructor (coconut whitefly) | Present, Widespread | | | APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurodicus dispersus (whitefly) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022); NHM (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Amphibalanus improvisus (bay barnacle) | Present | Introduced | | Jones et al. (2000) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anoplolepis gracilipes (yellow crazy ant) | Present | | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis craccivora (groundnut aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1983); APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) | Present, Widespread | | | UK, CAB International (1968); APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid) | Present | Native | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1969); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale) | Present | | | APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aulacaspis yasumatsui (cycad aulacaspis scale) | Present | Introduced | | Hodgson and Martin (2001); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); EPPO (2022); NHM (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera carambolae (carambola fruit fly) | Present | | | Drew and Hancock (1994); Iwahashi (1999); Khalid Mahmood (2004); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera cucurbitae (melon fly) | Present | | Invasive | AVA (2001); CABI and EPPO (2003); Boontop et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly) | Present | Native | | Drew and Hancock (1994); Iwahashi (1999); Khalid Mahmood (2004); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera latifrons (Solanum fruit fly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera tau | Present | | | NHM (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera tryoni (Queensland fruit fly) | Absent | | | EPPO (2022); IPPC (2015); IPPC (2021) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera umbrosa | Present, Widespread | | | AVA (2001); NHM (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Blattella germanica (German cockroach) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Brontispa longissima (coconut hispine beetle) | Present | | | APPPC (1987); NHM (1999); AVA (2001); Rethinam and Singh (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Callosobruchus chinensis (Chinese bruchid) | Present, Widespread | | | Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) | Absent | | | EPPO (2022); IPPC (2015); IPPC (2021) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Charybdis hellerii | Present, Widespread | Native | | Wee and Ng (1995) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cherax quadricarinatus (redclaw crayfish) | Present | Introduced | | Ahyong and Yeo (2007); Belle and Yeo (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chilades pandava | Present, Widespread | | | AVA (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus aonidum (circular scale) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | CABI (Undated); UK, CAB International (1988); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screw-worm) | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2018); OIE (2020) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Coptotermes curvignathus (rubber termite) | Present | Native | | Snyder (1949) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Coptotermes gestroi (Asian subterranean termite) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Jenkins et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) | Present, Widespread | | | Reuben et al. (1994) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cylas formicarius (sweet potato weevil) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1970); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid) | Present, Localized | | | Waterhouse (1993); CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dichromothrips corbetti | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1972); Ben-Dov (1994); Williams (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus neobrevipes (grey pineapple mealybug) | Present | | | GarcĂa Morales et al. (2016); Williams (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Erionota thrax (banana skipper) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1981); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Euwallacea perbrevis (tea shot-hole borer) | Present | Native | | Smith et al. (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ferrisia virgata (striped mealybug) | Present | | | Kaydan and Gullan (2012); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI and EPPO (1999); He LianSheng et al. (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gynaikothrips ficorum (Cuban laurel thrips) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1983); Jacot-Guillarmod and Brothers (1986) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1993); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Heteropsylla cubana (leucaena psyllid) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Idioscopus clypealis (mango leafhopper) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza huidobrensis (serpentine leafminer) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Litopenaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp) | Present | Introduced | | SEAFDEC (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug) | Present | Native | | Williams (2004); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Macrobrachium rosenbergii (giant freshwater prawn) | Present | Native | | New (2000) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Monomorium destructor (Singapore ant) | Present | | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1979); APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nezara viridula (green stink bug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1970); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nipaecoccus viridis (spherical mealybug) | Present | | | Williams (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oryctes rhinoceros (coconut rhinoceros beetle) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oryzaephilus surinamensis (saw toothed grain beetle) | Present, Widespread | | | Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Papilio demoleus (chequered swallowtail) | Present, Widespread | | | Murphy (1973); APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paraleyrodes minei | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paratrechina longicornis (crazy ant) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Penaeus monodon (giant tiger prawn) | Present, Localized | Native | | Shrimp News (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phyllocnistis citrella (citrus leaf miner) | Present, Widespread | | | UK, CAB International (1986); Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pieris rapae (cabbage white butterfly) | Present, Widespread | | | Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) | Present, Widespread | | | UK, CAB International (1967); Ng et al. (1997); AVA (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Polyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mite) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Prays endocarpa (citrus rind borer) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crayfish) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (mulberry scale) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Quadrastichus erythrinae (Erythrina gall wasp) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rastrococcus invadens (fruit tree mealybug) | Present | | | Williams (1986); CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (red palm weevil) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | CABI and EPPO (2016); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer) | Present, Widespread | | | AVA (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus zeamais (greater grain weevil) | Present, Widespread | | | Champ and Dyte (1976); AVA (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Solenopsis invicta (red imported fire ant) | Present | Introduced | | ISSG (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sophonia orientalis (two-spotted leafhopper) | Present | Native | | Huang KunWei (1994) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera exempta (black armyworm) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Pogue (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera litura (taro caterpillar) | Present | | Invasive | Ong and Soon (1989); UK, CAB International (1993); Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | Lee and Kooi (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Thrips palmi (melon thrips) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993); CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); CABI and EPPO (1998); AVA (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid) | Present | | | APPPC (1987); Waterhouse (1993); CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trialeurodes ricini (castor bean whitefly) | Present, Widespread | | | AVA (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trialeurodes vaporariorum (whitefly, greenhouse) | Present | | | AVA (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trogoderma granarium (khapra beetle) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | IPPC (2021) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tropilaelaps | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Unaspis citri (citrus snow scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1962); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Varroa destructor (Varroa mite) | Present | | | Sanford et al. (2007); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus perforans (island pinhole borer) | Present | Native | | UK, CAB International (1973) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus similis | Present | Native | | NHM (1984); Murphy and Meepol (1990) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus compactus (shot-hole borer) | Present | Native | | CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus morigerus (brown twig beetle) | Present | | | Dole et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Acridotheres cristatellus | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Acridotheres fuscus (jungle myna) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Acridotheres tristis (common myna) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Amphiprion | Present | Native | | Froese and Pauly (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Aristichthys nobilis (bighead carp) | Present | Introduced | | Welcomme (1988); Chou and Lam (1989); FishBase (2004); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Astronotus ocellatus (oscar) | Present | Introduced | | Ng et al. (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bubalus bubalis (Asian water buffalo) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | | | Cockrill (1977) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bubulcus ibis (cattle egret) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Callosciurus finlaysonii (Finlayson's squirrel) | Present | Introduced | | Thorington et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Carassius auratus auratus (goldfish) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Chitala ornata (clown knife) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cichla ocellaris (peacock cichlid) | Present | Introduced | | Tan and Tan (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cichlasoma citrinellum | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cichlasoma labiatum | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cichlasoma urophthalmum (Mayan cichlid) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Ng and Tan (2010); Froese R and Pauly D (2016); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Clarias batrachus (walking catfish) | Present | Native | | Froese and Pauly (2004); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Clarias gariepinus | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Columba livia (pigeons) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Corvus splendens (house crow) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Ryall (2002); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) | Absent | | | Shireman and Smith (1983); Chou and Lam (1989); Froese and Pauly (2004); Froese and Pauly (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cygnus olor (mute swan) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cyprinus carpio (common carp) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2021) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Dicrurus macrocercus | Present | Native | | Robson (2000); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Asian common toad) | Present | Native | | Dijk et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Eleutherodactylus planirostris (greenhouse frog) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | | Groenewoud and Law (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Gambusia affinis (western mosquitofish) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Froese and Pauly (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Garrulax canorus (Chinese hwamei) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Allen (2012); BirdForum (2015); Singapore Birds (2015); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) | Absent | | | Froese and Pauly (2004); FishBase (2005); Froese and Pauly (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hypostomus plecostomus (suckermouth catfish) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Baensch and Riehl (1985); Froese R and Pauly D (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Lutjanus kasmira (blueline snapper) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Allen (1985) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque) | Present | Native | | Jiang et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis aureus (blue tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Ng et al. (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Pullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); FAO (1997); Pullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (sutchi catfish) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Passer domesticus (house sparrow) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pavo cristatus | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pelvicachromis pulcher (rainbow krib) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Poecilia latipinna (sailfin molly) | Present | Introduced | | Ng et al. (1993); FAO (1997); Froese R and Pauly D (2014); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Poecilia reticulata (guppy) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Chou and Lam (1989); Ng et al. (1993); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Poecilia velifera | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Psittacula krameri (rose-ringed parakeet) | Present | Introduced | | Cramp (1985); BirdLife International (2009); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus (Orinoco sailfin catfish) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pycnonotus jocosus (Red-whiskered bulbul) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | BirdLife International (2017); IUCN (2017); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rachycentron canadum (cobia) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rana catesbeiana (American bullfrog) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Tan and Tan (2002); Baker (2009); Santos-Barrera et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rattus exulans (Pacific rat) | Present, Widespread | | | Ho (1980); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rattus norvegicus (brown rat) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Sciaenops ocellatus (red drum) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Thorichthys meeki (firemouth cichlid) | Present | Introduced | | Ng et al. (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Threskiornis aethiopicus (sacred ibis) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tilapia zillii (redbelly tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Ng et al. (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Trachemys scripta elegans (red-eared slider) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Trichopodus trichopterus (three spot gourami) | Present | Native | | Low and Lim (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tyto alba (Barn owl) | Present | Native | | Avibase (2012); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Xiphophorus hellerii | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Ng et al. (1993); FAO (1997) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Xiphophorus maculatus (southern platyfish) | Present | Introduced | | Ng et al. (1993); FAO (1997); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Zosterops japonicus (Japanese white-eye) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Cnidaria | Tubastraea coccinea (orange-cup coral) | Present | | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Achatina fulica (giant African land snail) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Jarrett (1923); Mead (1961); Mead (1979); Lim et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Arcuatula senhousia (Asian date mussel) | Present, Localized | Native | | OBIS (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Mytella charruana (Charru mussel) | Present | Introduced | | Lim et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Mytilopsis sallei (Caribbean false mussel) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Sachidhanandam and Chou (1996); Chan (1997); Tan and Morton (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pinctada imbricata radiata (rayed pearl oyster) | Present | Native | | Poutiers (1998) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail) | Present | Introduced | | Cowie (2002); Halwart and Bartley (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pomacea maculata | Present | Introduced | | Hayes et al. (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Aphelenchoides besseyi (rice leaf nematode) | Present, Few occurrences | | | AVA (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne enterolobii (Pacara earpod tree root-knot nematode) | Absent, Eradicated | | | EPPO (2022); Anonymous (2010); CABI and EPPO (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne graminicola (rice root knot nematode) | Present, Few occurrences | | | AVA (2001); CABI and EPPO (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) | Present | | | AVA (2001); CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode) | Present | | | AVA (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Trichinella | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus granulosus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus multilocularis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Gyrodactylus salaris | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Taenia solium | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila abortus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila psittaci | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Chlorophyta | Caulerpa taxifolia (killer algae) | Present | Native | | Guiry and Guiry (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Chlorophyta | Ulva pertusa | Present | Native | | Teo and Wee (1983) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Chlorophyta | Ulva reticulata (ribbon sea lettuce) | Present | Native | | Chou and Wong (1984) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Adiantum hispidulum (rosy maidenhair fern) | Present, Localized | Native | | Holttum (1954) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Adiantum raddianum (delta maidenhair fern) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Angiopteris evecta (king fern) | Present | Native | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Ceratopteris thalictroides (watersprite) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Christella dentata (soft fern) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Cyclosorus parasiticus (parasitic maiden fern) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Diplazium esculentum (vegetable fern) | Present | Native | | Irudayaraj (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Lygodium flexuosum (maidenhair creeper) | Present | Native | | Koh LianPin et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Lygodium japonicum (Japanese climbing fern) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Wee and Chua (1988); Chong et al. (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Lygodium microphyllum (old world climbing fern) | Present | Native | | PIER (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Nephrolepis brownii (Asian swordfern) | Present | | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris tripartita (giant brake) | Present | Native | | National Parks Board (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern) | Present | | | Chong et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia molesta (kariba weed) | Present | | Invasive | Wee (1986); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Thelypteris opulenta (jewelled maiden fern) | Present | | | Fosberg and Sachet (1972) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Acanthophora spicifera | Present | Native | | Silva et al. (1996) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Gracilaria salicornia | Present | Native | | Teo and Wee (1983); Phang (1994); Withell et al. (1994); Silva et al. (1996) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Hypnea musciformis | Present | Native | | Silva et al. (1996) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abelmoschus moschatus (musk mallow) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abrus precatorius (rosary pea) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon indicum (country mallow) | Present | | Invasive | PIER (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia auriculiformis (northern black wattle) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | Tan and Tan (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia farnesiana (huisache) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mangium (brown salwood) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Aguiar JĂşnior et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthospermum hispidum (bristly starbur) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Achyranthes aspera (devil's horsewhip) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acmella uliginosa (marsh para cress) | Present | | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Adenanthera pavonina (red-bead tree) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aeschynomene americana (shyleaf) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave americana (century plant) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009); Waterhouse (1993); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia chinensis (Chinese albizia) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009); PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aleurites moluccanus (candlenut tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Allamanda blanchetii (purple allamanda) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Allamanda cathartica (yellow allamanda) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alocasia cucullata (Chinese taro) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aloe vera (true aloe) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alpinia purpurata (red ginger) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alpinia zerumbet (shell ginger) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed) | Present | | | Pancho and Soerjani (1978); Holm et al. (1991); Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona cherimola (cherimoya) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona muricata (soursop) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona reticulata (bullock's heart) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009); PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Antigonon leptopus (coral vine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ardisia crenata (coral berry) | Present, Few occurrences | Native | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arenga pinnata (sugar palm) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argyreia nervosa (elephant creeper) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristolochia elegans (elegant Dutchman’s pipe) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristolochia ringens (Dutchman’s pipe) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arundo donax (giant reed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asclepias curassavica (bloodflower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus setaceus (asparagus fern) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asystasia gangetica (chinese violet) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Averrhoa bilimbi (bilimbi) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Axonopus compressus (carpet grass) | Present, Widespread | | | Leong (1987); Waterhouse (1993); Seebens et al. (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Axonopus fissifolius | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Azadirachta indica (neem tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002); Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bacopa monnieri (water hyssop) | Present | Introduced | | GRIIS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa bambos (giant thorny bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | Duriyaprapan and Jansen (1995); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa tuldoides (punting pole bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | PIER (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Barleria cristata (Philippine violet) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Barleria lupulina (hophead Philippine violet) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Basella alba (malabar spinach) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia monandra (Napoleon's plume) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia purpurea (purple bauhinia) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia variegata (mountain ebony) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bidens pilosa (blackjack) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bixa orellana (annatto) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | PIER (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Blyxa aubertii (roundfruit blyxa) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling) | Present | | | Hooker (1885); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Borreria latifolia (broadleaf buttonweed) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa bladhii (Caucasian bluestem) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Breynia disticha (snowbush) | Present | Introduced | | PIER (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Buddleja asiatica (dog tail) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caladium bicolor (heart of Jesus) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Callisia fragrans (basketplant) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | ILDIS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Capsicum annuum (bell pepper) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Carludovica palmata (Panama hat plant) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cascabela thevetia (yellow oleander) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum) | Present | Introduced | | Lock and Ford (2004); Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Castilla elastica (Mexican rubber tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Wright (1912); PIER (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina glauca (scaly oak (Australia)) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | WAC (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus echinatus (southern sandbur) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort) | Present | Native | | PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centratherum punctatum (lark daisy) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ceratophyllum demersum (coontail) | Present, Widespread | | | Revilla et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cestrum diurnum (day jessamine) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cestrum nocturnum (night jessamine) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chamaecrista nictitans (sensitive partridge pea) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cheilocostus speciosus (crepe ginger ) | Present | Native | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cinnamomum burmanni (padang cassia) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cissus quadrangularis (treebine) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Yeo et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome gynandra | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome rutidosperma (fringed spiderflower) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Jacobs (1960); Wild (1960); Turner (1995); Waterhouse and Mitchell (1998) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome viscosa (Asian spiderflower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum chinense (Chinese glory bower) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum indicum (Turk's turban) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum paniculatum (pagoda flower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum quadriloculare (bronze-leaved clerodendrum) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum speciosissimum (Java glory bower) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum thomsoniae (bleeding glory bower) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum wallichii (Wallich's glorybower) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clidemia hirta (Koster's curse) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Wee and Corlett (1986) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clitoria ternatea (butterfly-pea) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clusia rosea | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Coccinia grandis (scarlet-fruited ivy gourd) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cocos nucifera (coconut) | Present | | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Coleus blumei (common coleus) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Colocasia esculenta (taro) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Colubrina asiatica (latherleaf) | Present | Native | | Flora of Singapore (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Combretum indicum (Rangoon creeper) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009); USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina benghalensis (wandering jew) | Present | | | Wilson (1981) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina diffusa (spreading dayflower) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cordyline fruticosa (ti plant) | Present | | | Hinkle (2007); Smithsonian (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cosmos sulphureus (sulphur cosmos) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crassocephalum crepidioides (redflower ragleaf) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria retusa (rattleweed) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cryptocoryne ciliata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cryptostegia grandiflora (rubber vine) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuphea carthagenensis (Colombian waxweed) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuphea hyssopifolia (false heather) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | HEAR (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyanthillium cinereum (little ironweed) | Present | | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus compressus (annual sedge) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus iria (rice flatsedge) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus papyrus (papyrus) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass) | Present | Introduced | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura metel (Hindu datura) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Delonix regia (flamboyant) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Derris elliptica (tuba root) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium annulatum (Kleberg's bluestem) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium caricosum (nadi blue grass) | Present | | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dieffenbachia seguine (dumb cane) | Present | Introduced | | HEAR (2017); Keng et al. (1998) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria bicornis (Asian crabgrass) | Present | Native | | PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria fuscescens (yellow crab grass) | Present | Native | | PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria sanguinalis (large crabgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea alata (white yam) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dolichandra unguis-cati (cat's claw creeper) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dombeya wallichii (pink ball) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dracaena fragrans (corn plant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Drymaria cordata (tropical chickweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Duranta erecta (golden dewdrop) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dypsis lutescens (yellow butterfly palm) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa colona (junglerice) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia azurea (anchored water hyacinth) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | National Parks Board (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Gopal (1987); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elephantopus mollis (elephant's foot) | Present | Introduced | | Lee et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eleusine indica (goose grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993); Waterhouse (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elodea canadensis (Canadian pondweed) | Present | Introduced | | Revilla et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower) | Present | | | Chong et al. (2009); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Epipremnum pinnatum (centipede tongavine) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis amabilis (Japanese lovegrass) | Present | | Invasive | PIER (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis atrovirens (thalia lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis unioloides (Chinese lovegrass) | Present | Native | | PIER (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erechtites hieraciifolius (American burnweed) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erechtites valerianifolius (tropical burnweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2012); Corlett (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Etlingera elatior (torch ginger) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eugenia uniflora (Surinam cherry) | Present | Introduced | | PIER (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia hypericifolia (graceful spurge) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia lactea (mottled spurge) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia milii (crown-of-thorns) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009); National Parks Board (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia tirucalli (Indian-tree spurge) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia tithymaloides (devil's backbone) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Falcataria moluccana (batai wood) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2014); ILDIS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus benghalensis (banyan) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus benjamina (weeping fig) | Present | | | Chong et al. (2009); PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus elastica (rubber plant) | Present | | | Chong et al. (2009); PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus microcarpa (Indian laurel tree) | Present | Native | | Chong et al. (2009); PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus pumila (creeping fig) | Present | | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus religiosa (sacred fig tree) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Chong et al. (2009); Randall (2012); PIER (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis cymosa (tropical fimbry) | Present | | | Louis (1990) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia strobilifera (wild hops) | Present | Native | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009); ILDIS (2014); PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Furcraea foetida (Mauritius hemp) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gmelina arborea (candahar) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Grevillea robusta (silky oak) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Haematoxylum campechianum (logwood) | Present | Introduced | | Seegeler (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hedychium coccineum (scarlet ginger lily) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium indicum (Indian heliotrope) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hemigraphis alternata (red ivy) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heterotis rotundifolia (pink lady) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hevea brasiliensis (rubber) | Present | | | FAO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hibiscus tiliaceus (coast cottonwood) | Present, Planted | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla) | Present, Widespread | | | Cook and Luond (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hylocereus undatus (dragon fruit) | Present | Introduced | | UK, Royal Botanic Gardens (1999) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis brevipes (lesser roundweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis suaveolens (pignut) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Impatiens walleriana (busy lizzy) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass) | Present | Native | | Gilliland (1971); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera hirsuta (hairy indigo) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera spicata (creeping indigo) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera suffruticosa (Anil indigo) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2013); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera tinctoria (true indigo) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea aquatica (swamp morning-glory) | Present | | | Chuo et al. (1981); Khoo and Lim (1989); Isabelle et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morning glory) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (bush morning glory) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea quamoclit (cypress vine) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea triloba (three-lobe morning glory) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993); Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ixora finlaysoniana (white jungle flame) | Present | Introduced | | Teo et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum multiflorum (star jasmine) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum sambac (Arabian jasmine) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha curcas (jatropha) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); Wilson (1997); Padua et al. (1999); IPCS, INCHEM (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kyllinga nemoralis (white kyllinga) | Present | Native | | Kumar (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) | Present | Introduced | | PFAF (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagerstroemia indica (Indian crape myrtle) | Present | | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagerstroemia speciosa (Pride of India) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lantana camara (lantana) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993); Seebens et al. (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lawsonia inermis (Egyptian privet) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leersia hexandra (southern cut grass) | Present | | | Pyrah (1969) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna perpusilla (duckweed) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonotis nepetifolia (Christmas candlestick) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonurus japonicus (honeyweed) | Present | Native | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | ILDIS (2007); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lindernia crustacea (Malaysian false pimpernel) | Present | | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Livistona chinensis (Chinese fan palm) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose) | Present | Native | | HEAR (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia octovalvis (primrose willow) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Macaranga tanarius (parasol leaf tree) | Present | Introduced | | PIER (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Malvaviscus arboreus (wax mallow) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mangifera indica (mango) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Manilkara zapota (sapodilla) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Maranta arundinacea (arrowroot) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2013); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melastoma malabathricum (Banks melastoma) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melia azedarach (Chinaberry) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis repens (natal redtop) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Louis (1990); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia umbellata (hogvine) | Present | Native | | Staples (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Miconia calvescens (miconia) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mikania micrantha (bitter vine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993); Lee et al. (1997); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa diplotricha (giant sensitive plant) | Present | Introduced | | Waterhouse (1993); PIER (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Wee and Corlett (1986); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993); AVA (2001); PIER (2017); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock flower) | Present | Introduced | | PIER (2016); Cantley and Dennys (1886) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Monochoria hastata (hastate-leaved pondweed) | Present | Native | Invasive | PIER (2019); Tagore et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Monochoria vaginalis (pickerel weed) | Present | | | Pancho and Soerjani (1978) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moorochloa eruciformis (sweet signal grass) | Present | Native | | Kumar (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moringa oleifera (horse radish tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | PIER (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Nghiem et al. (2015); Seebens et al. (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murraya paniculata (orange jessamine) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | PIER (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mussaenda philippica (Queen of Philippines) | Present | Introduced | | Creuwels (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nerium oleander (oleander) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | PIER (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Neyraudia reynaudiana (burma reed) | Present | Introduced | | Veldkamp (1999); Duistermaat (2004); Duistermaat (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nopalea cochenillifera (cochineal cactus) | Present | Introduced | | PIER (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Odontonema cuspidatum (Cardinal’s guard) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Olea europaea subsp. europaea (European olive) | Present | Introduced | | PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009); Waterhouse (1993); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis debilis (pink woodsorrel) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pachira aquatica (pachira nut) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pachystachys coccinea (Cardinal's guard) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paederia foetida (skunkvine) | Present, Localized | Native | | Puff (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Panicum repens (torpedo grass) | Present | Introduced | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parkinsonia aculeata (Mexican palo-verde) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parmentiera aculeata (cucumber tree) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009); Waterhouse (1993); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum dilatatum (dallisgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum scrobiculatum (ricegrass paspalum) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum) | Present | Native | | PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora edulis (passionfruit) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Waterhouse (1993); Yeoh and Wee (1994); Anon (1998) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora ligularis (sweet granadilla) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Randall (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora suberosa (corkystem passionflower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Peltophorum pterocarpum (copperpod) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Waterhouse (1993); Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pentas lanceolata (Egyptian starcluster) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Persicaria chinensis (Chinese knotweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phormium tenax (New Zealand flax) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phyllanthus urinaria (leafflower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pilea microphylla | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pimenta dioica (allspice) | Present | Introduced | | Parthasarathy et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Piper aduncum (spiked pepper) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Hartemink (2006); Tan et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993); PIER (2003); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pithecellobium dulce (Manila tamarind) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plantago major (broad-leaved plantain) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Chua et al. (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plectranthus scutellarioides (coleus) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009); PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pluchea indica (Indian camphorweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca oleracea (purslane) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca pilosa (kiss-me-quick) | Present | | | Chong et al. (2009); Corlett (1988); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca quadrifida (chickenweed) | Present | | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides (Mexican flamevine) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium guajava (guava) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pterocarpus indicus (red sandalwood) | Present | Native and Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009); Barstow (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ptychosperma macarthurii (Macarthur palm) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Keng et al. (1998) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pueraria phaseoloides (tropical kudzu) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Downy rose-myrtle) | Present | Native | | PIER (2012); Plessis et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ricinus communis (castor bean) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rivina humilis (bloodberry) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass) | Present | | | Duistermaat (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Roystonea oleracea (Caribbean royal palm) | Present | Introduced | | PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Russelia equisetiformis (firecracker plant) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sacciolepis indica (glen woodgrass) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated); Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sagittaria latifolia (broadleaf arrowhead) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Samanea saman (rain tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sanchezia speciosa (shrubby whitevein) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sansevieria trifasciata (mother-in-law’s tongue) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schefflera actinophylla (umbrella tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian pepper tree) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schizolobium parahyba (Brazilian fern tree) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | National Parks Board (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna alata (candle bush) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna bacillaris (whitebark senna) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna hirsuta (hairy senna) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2005); PIER (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna multijuga (November shower) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2016); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna siamea (yellow cassia) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna spectabilis (whitebark senna) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009); PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna surattensis (golden senna) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009); ILDIS (2014); PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania grandiflora (sesbania) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida acuta (sida) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum mammosum (nipplefruit nightshade) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum torvum (turkey berry) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Corlett (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spathoglottis plicata (Philippine ground orchid) | Present | Native | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sphagneticola trilobata (wedelia) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus pyramidatus (whorled dropseed) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus tenuissimus (tropical dropseed) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta cayennensis (blue snakeweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2015); Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Jamaica vervain) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta urticifolia (rattail) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Moldenke (1980) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Sauer (1972) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sterculia apetala (Panama tree) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | PIER (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sterculia foetida (Java olive) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Striga asiatica (witch weed) | Present | Native | | Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Synedrella nodiflora (synedrella) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syngonium podophyllum (arrowhead vine) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tabebuia rosea (pink poui) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Tan (2011); PIER (2016); Urban Forest (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tamarindus indica (tamarind) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tecoma capensis (Cape honeysuckle) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond) | Present | | | Orwa et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Themeda arguens (Christmas grass) | Present | | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia alata (black eyed Susan) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia fragrans (whitelady) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia grandiflora (Bengal trumpet) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Chong et al. (2009); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thymophylla tenuiloba (Dahlberg daisy) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tibouchina urvilleana (princessflower) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia spathacea (boat lily) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia zebrina (wandering jew) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triadica sebifera (Chinese tallow tree) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tridax procumbens (coat buttons) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trimezia steyermarkii (yellow walking iris) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triphasia trifolia (limeberry) | Present | Introduced | | PIER (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triplaris americana (ant tree) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triumfetta rhomboidea (diamond burbark) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Turnera ulmifolia (West Indian holly) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha angustifolia (lesser bulrush) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa mutica (para grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chong et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vigna marina (beach bean) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Native | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Xyris complanata (yellow-eyed grass) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Youngia japonica (oriental false hawksbeard) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zoysia matrella (Manila grass) | Present | Native | | PIER (2016); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Paramyxea | Marteilia refringens | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Bonamia exitiosa | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Bonamia ostreae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Gymnodinium catenatum | Present, Few occurrences | | | Holmes et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Perkinsus marinus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Perkinsus olseni | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Plasmodium relictum | Present | Native | | Beadell et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Tritrichomonas foetus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma equiperdum | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma evansi | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | African horse sickness virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | African swine fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Arterivirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | avian infectious bronchitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | avian metapneumovirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Avipoxvirus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | bluetongue virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine herpesvirus 1 | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine leukemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine viral diarrhea virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | camelpox virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | caprine arthritis encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | classical swine fever virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus | Present | | | Dahal and Albrechtsen (1996); CABI and EPPO (2010) |
Virus | | | Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | eastern equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | equid herpesvirus 1 | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine arteritis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine infectious anaemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine influenzavirus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | foot-and-mouth disease virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Haliotid herpesvirus 1 | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | Indian cassava mosaic virus (Indian cassava mosaic) | Present | | | Wang Gang et al. (2014) |
Virus | | | infectious bursal disease virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | infectious myonecrosis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | infectious salmon anemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | influenza A virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Japanese encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | lumpy skin disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | myxoma virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Nairobi sheep disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Newcastle disease virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Nipah virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Papaya ringspot virus | Present | | | AVA (2001); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Virus | | | peste des petits ruminants virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | rabies virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | red sea bream iridovirus | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | Rift Valley fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | rinderpest virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | spring viraemia of carp virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | Suid herpesvirus 1 | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | swine vesicular disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Taura syndrome virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (tomato spotted wilt) | Present, Few occurrences | | | AVA (2001) |
Virus | | | transmissible gastroenteritis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | vesicular stomatitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | visna/maedi virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | West Nile virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | western equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | White spot syndrome virus | Absent | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |