| | | yellow head virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Dermatophilus congolensis | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (sugarcane ratoon stunting disease) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Mycobacterium bovis | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Bacillus anthracis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae (lethal yellowing (LY)) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma gallisepticum | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) type | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma synoviae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Anaplasma marginale | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella abortus | Present | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella melitensis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Hepatobacter penaei | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Liberibacter africanus (African greening) | Present | | | Ajene et al. (2020); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Coxiella burnetii | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ehrlichia ruminantium | Absent | | | OIE (2019); Okoh et al. (1987); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Erwinia amylovora (fireblight) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | CABI/EPPO (2013) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Escherichia coli | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Francisella tularensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Mannheimia haemolytica | Present | | | Odugbo et al. (2004); Ekong et al. (2014) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pasteurella multocida | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Adebayo and Nwanguma (2011) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 (bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 (moko disease) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2021) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella gallinarum | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella pullorum | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Taylorella equigenitalis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Vibrio parahaemolyticus | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (cassava bacterial blight) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); UK, CAB International (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (bean blight) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (bacterial leaf streak of rice) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xenohaliotis californiensis | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Aphanomyces astaci | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Aphanomyces invadans | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Peronosclerospora sorghi (sorghum downy mildew) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Harris (1962); UK, CAB International (1988); Kutama et al. (2010); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora cambivora (root rot of forest trees) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora colocasiae (taro leaf blight) | Present | | | Bandyopadhyay et al. (2011); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora infestans (Phytophthora blight) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1982) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora megakarya (black pod of cocoa) | Present, Widespread | | | Nyassé et al. (1999) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Plasmopara viticola (grapevine downy mildew) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Alternaria triticina (leaf blight of wheat) | Present | Introduced | | Waller (1981); Wiese (1987); Herb IMI (undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Claviceps africana (ergot) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Futrell and Webster (1965); Futrell and Webster (1966); Mower et al. (1973); CABI and EPPO (2006) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Claviceps fusiformis (pearl millet ergot) | Present | | | Thakur and King (1988); CABI and EPPO (2006); Herb IMI (undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Colletotrichum acutatum (black spot of strawberry) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2010) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Coniothyrium glycines (red leaf blotch) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI (Undated); Akem et al. (1992); Akem et al. (1992); Blagden et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Panama disease of banana) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Fourie et al. (2009); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. elaeidis (fusarium wilt of oil palm) | Present, Widespread | | | Wardlaw (1948); Oritsejafor (1989); UK, CAB International (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Gibberella xylarioides (coffee wilt) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1970); Onesirosan and Fatunla (1976); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Guignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2011); Zandjanakou-Tachin et al. (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Oidium anacardii (cashew powdery mildew) | Present | Introduced | | Ohler (1979); Shomari (1996); Nayar (1998); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Pseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Seif and Hillocks (1993); Emechebe (undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Trichoconiella padwickii (stackburn disease) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Alasoardura (1970); UK, CAB International (1984) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soyabean rust) | Present, Widespread | | | Eboh (1986); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phellinus noxius (brown tea root disease) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1997) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia graminis (stem rust of cereals) | Present | | | ANDREWS (1968) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aceria guerreronis (coconut mite) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aethina tumida | Present | Native | | Akinwande et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurocanthus woglumi (citrus blackfly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Oyelade and Ayansola (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurodicus cocois (coconut whitefly) | Present | | | Oyelade and Ayansola (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurodicus dispersus (whitefly) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Akinlosotu et al. (1993); Degri et al. (2008); EPPO (2022); NHM (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly) | Present | | | Oyelade and Ayansola (2015); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Amblyomma variegatum (tropical bont tick) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidiella orientalis (oriental yellow scale) | Present | | | NHM (1994) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidomytilus albus (tapioca scale) | Present | Introduced | | UK, CAB International (1978); Nakahara (1982); NHM (1983); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis craccivora (groundnut aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1983) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1968) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1969) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aspidiella hartii (yam scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966); Akinlosotu and Kogbe (1988); Aighewi et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera cucurbitae (melon fly) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Meyer et al. (2007); White (2006); Umeh et al. (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Drew et al. (2005); Ekesi and Billah (2006); White (2006); CABI and EPPO (2008); Umeh et al. (2008); Vayssieres et al. (2008); Khamis et al. (2009); Asawalam and Nwachukwu (2011); Asawalam and Nwachukwu (2012); Khamis et al. (2012); Onah et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly) | Present | | | CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); Abdullahi et al. (2003); Alegbejo and Banwo (2005); Ariyo et al. (2005); Oyelade and Ayansola (2015); Mohammed et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Brevipalpus phoenicis (false spider mite) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Callinectes sapidus (blue crab) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Ololade et al. (2008); Jensen (2010); Oramadike (2021) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Callosobruchus chinensis (Chinese bruchid) | Present | | | Lale and Kabeh (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea weevil) | Present, Widespread | | | Haines (1981) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) | Present, Localized | Native | | Roberts (1969); Meyer (2000); Umeh et al. (2008); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ceratitis rosa (Natal fruit fly) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | Meyer (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysodeixis chalcites (golden twin-spot moth) | Present | Native | | UK, CAB International (1977); Dialoke et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus aonidum (circular scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale) | Present | | | Balachowsky (1956); UK, CAB International (1969) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screw-worm) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Coptotermes sjostedti | Present | Native | | Snyder (1949); Harris (1966) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cryptotermes brevis (powderpost termite) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | CHHOTANI (1970) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | Subra (1981) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dacus bivittatus (fruit fly) | Present | | | Umeh et al. (2008); White (2006); Umeh and Onukwu (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dacus ciliatus (lesser pumpkin fly) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2002); Matanmi (1975); Munro (1984); Umeh et al. (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Daraba laisalis | Present | | | Ogunwolu (1978) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dasyses incrustata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dialeurodes citri (citrus whitefly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Oyelade and Ayansola (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2020); Oke et al. (2020); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1972); Alam (1992); Ben-Dov (1994); Matile-Ferrero and Williams (1995) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Euwallacea piceus | Present | Introduced | | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ferrisia virgata (striped mealybug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | CABI and EPPO (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1993); Brévault et al. (2008); Dialoke et al. (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hemiberlesia lataniae (latania scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer) | Present | | | Libby (1968); Cristancho et al. (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Insignorthezia insignis (greenhouse orthezia) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1957) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza sativae (vegetable leaf miner) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug) | Present | Introduced | | Williams (1986); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Maliarpha separatella (African white rice borer) | Present | | | Akinsola (1975) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Monomorium destructor (Singapore ant) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Mononychellus tanajoa (cassava green mite) | Present, Widespread | | | Akinlosotu and Leuschner (1981); Anon (1981); Akinlosotu (1982); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1979); Remaudiere and Autrique (1985); Millar (1994) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nezara viridula (green stink bug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1970); Ivbijaro and Bolaji (1990) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nipaecoccus viridis (spherical mealybug) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2005); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nomadacris septemfasciata (red locust) | Present, Localized | Native | | Golding (1934); Golding (1948) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Opogona sacchari (banana moth) | Present | Native | Invasive | Davis and Peña (1990); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Orseolia oryzivora (African rice gall midge) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1984) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oryctes rhinoceros (coconut rhinoceros beetle) | Present | | | Olowu et al. (2012); Onyeike et al. (2005); Okaraonye and Ikewuchi (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oryzaephilus surinamensis (saw toothed grain beetle) | Present | | | Champ and Dyte (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (cotton, seed bug) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Samy (1969) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Palaemon elegans (rock shrimp) | Present | Native | | Dore and Frimodt (1987) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paracoccus marginatus (papaya mealybug) | Present | | | Alamu et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paratrechina longicornis (crazy ant) | Present | | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1990); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pheidole megacephala (big-headed ant) | Present | Native | Invasive | Wheeler (1922) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phenacoccus manihoti (cassava mealybug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Zeddies et al. (2001); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phenacoccus solenopsis (cotton mealybug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Akintola and Ande (2008); Hodges et al. (2008); Muniappan (2009); CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phthorimaea absoluta (tomato leafminer) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Borisade et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phyllocnistis citrella (citrus leaf miner) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1986); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug) | Present, Widespread | | | Onazi (1969); Entwistle (1972); CABI and EPPO (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Planococcus kenyae (coffee mealybug) | Present | | | Donald (1955); Pelley (1968); Entwistle (1972); Cox (1989); CABI and EPPO (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) | Present | | | Umeh et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Polyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mite) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1986) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Prostephanus truncatus (larger grain borer) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Hodges (1994); UK, CAB International (1995); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rastrococcus invadens (fruit tree mealybug) | Present, Localized | | | Neuenschwander (1989); Ivbijaro et al. (1992); CABI and EPPO (1998); Akintola and Ande (2009); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer) | Present | | | Ivbijaro (1979); Ekundayo (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Saissetia oleae (olive scale) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Schistocerca nitens (gray bird grasshopper) | Present, Few occurrences | | | Oku et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Scirtothrips aurantii (South African citrus thrips) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sesamia cretica (greater sugarcane borer) | Present | Native | | UK, CAB International (1968); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Siphoninus phillyreae (ash whitefly) | Present | | | Oyelade and Ayansola (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus oryzae (lesser grain weevil) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus zeamais (greater grain weevil) | Present | | | Champ and Dyte (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitotroga cerealella (grain moth) | Present, Widespread | | | Champ and Dyte (1977); Hansen et al. (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera eridania (southern armyworm) | Present | | | Goergen (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera exempta (black armyworm) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1972); Haggis (1984); Rose et al. (1996); Pogue (2002); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | IITA (2016); Day et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera littoralis (cotton leafworm) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1967); Mailafiya et al. (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sternochetus mangiferae (mango seed weevil) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant) | Present | Introduced | | Wetterer (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Thaumatotibia leucotreta (false codling moth (FCM)) | Present | Native | | Thompson (1946); Schulthess et al. (1991); CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Thrips palmi (melon thrips) | Present | | | CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1961); CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trialeurodes ricini (castor bean whitefly) | Present | Native | | Mound and Halsey (1978); Martin (1987); Martin et al. (2000); Oyelade and Ayansola (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trogoderma granarium (khapra beetle) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Babarinde et al. (2010); Zakka et al. (2010); Asawalam and Onu (2014); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Unaspis citri (citrus snow scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1962); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus perforans (island pinhole borer) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Roberts (1969); UK, CAB International (1973); Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus volvulus | Present | Introduced | | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus compactus (shot-hole borer) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI and EPPO (1997); Roberts (1969); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Asian ambrosia beetle) | Present | Introduced | | Wood and Bright (1992); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Zaprionus tuberculatus | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Alopochen aegyptiaca (Egyptian goose) | Present | Native | | BirdLife International (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bos taurus (cattle) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bubalus bubalis (Asian water buffalo) | Present | Introduced | | Cockrill (1977) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bubulcus ibis (cattle egret) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Camelus dromedarius (dromedary camel) | Present, Localized | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Capra hircus (goats) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Channa argus argus (northern snakehead) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Northern Snakehead Working Group (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Clarias gariepinus | Present | Native | | Beveridge and Haylor (1998) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Columba livia (pigeons) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) | Present | Introduced | | Shireman and Smith (1983); Froese and Pauly (2004); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cyprinus carpio (common carp) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Ajayi (1971); Welcomme (1988); Costa Pierce et al. (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Eleutherodactylus planirostris (greenhouse frog) | Present | Introduced | | Ukpong et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Equus asinus (donkeys) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Equus ferus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hemichromis letourneuxi (African jewelfish) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Loiselle (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Heterotis niloticus (African bonytongue) | Present, Widespread | Native | | CABI (Undated); Froese R and Pauly D (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Lates niloticus (Nile perch) | Present | Native | | Froese and Pauly (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) | Present | Introduced | | Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis aureus (blue tilapia) | Present | Native | | Teugels and Thys van den Audenaerde (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Pullin et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) | Present | Native | | Pullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ovis aries (sheep) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Poecilia reticulata (guppy) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | | Welcomme (1988); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Psittacula krameri (rose-ringed parakeet) | Present, Localized | Native | | Juniper and Parr (2003); BirdLife International (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Quelea quelea (weaver bird) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Elgood et al. (1994) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rachycentron canadum (cobia) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rattus rattus (black rat) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Schilbe mystus (African butter catfish) | Present | Native | | Reed Burchard et al. (1967); Olatunde (1977); Adebisi (1981); Paugy et al. (1994); Anonymous (1998); Olaosebikan and Raji (1998); MNHN (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Threskiornis aethiopicus (sacred ibis) | Present | Native | | Hoyo et al. (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tilapia mariae (spotted tilapia) | Present | Native | | Teugels and Thys van den Audenaerde (1990) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tilapia zillii (redbelly tilapia) | Present | Native | | Teugels and Thys van den Audenaerde (2003); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tyto alba (Barn owl) | Present | Native | | Bruce (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Varanus niloticus (Nile monitor) | Present | Native | | Bayless (2002); Spawls et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Xiphophorus maculatus (southern platyfish) | Present | Introduced | | Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Achatina fulica (giant African land snail) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Ashaye et al. (2001); Okon et al. (2012); Ademolu et al. (2013); Igbinosa et al. (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Corbicula fluminalis | Present | Native | | Glaubrecht et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Aphelenchoides arachidis (groundnut testa nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Bos (1977); Khan and Misari (1992); CABI and EPPO (2001); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Aphelenchoides besseyi (rice leaf nematode) | Present | | | Peachey et al. (1966); CABI and EPPO (2000); Salawu and Bolufawi (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pine wilt nematode) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Khan and Gbadegesin (1991); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Ditylenchus destructor (potato tuber nematode) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Ditylenchus dipsaci (stem and bulb nematode) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Ogbuji (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Helicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Siddiqi (1973); Caveness and Badra (1980); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2003); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne enterolobii (Pacara earpod tree root-knot nematode) | Present | | | Kolombia et al. (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne hapla (root knot nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Adesiyan and Odihirin (1978); Babatola (1980); CABI and EPPO (2002); Daramola et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm) | Present, Widespread | | | Adesiyan and Odihirin (1978); Babatola (1984); CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Pratylenchus coffeae (banana root nematode) | Present | | | Khan and Misari (1992); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode) | Present | | | Caveness (1965); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Scutellonema bradys (yam nematode) | Present | | | Goodey (1935); Unny and Jerath (1965); Bridge (1972); Adesiyan and Badra (1982); Babatola (1984); Coyne et al. (2006); Coyne and Claudius-Cole (2009); Olabiyi and Ogunbowale (2010); CABI and EPPO (2011); Coyne et al. (2011); Coyne et al. (2012); Berg et al. (2013); Samuel et al. (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Trichinella | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Tylenchulus semipenetrans (citrus root nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Caveness (1967); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Bothriocephalus acheilognathi | Present | Introduced | | Eyo and Iyaji (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus granulosus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Gyrodactylus salaris | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Azolla pinnata (mosquito fern) | Present, Localized | Native | | Johns (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Ceratopteris thalictroides (watersprite) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Diplazium esculentum (vegetable fern) | Present | Introduced | | Nwosu (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Lygodium flexuosum (maidenhair creeper) | Present | Introduced | | Siddiqui et al. (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Lygodium microphyllum (old world climbing fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris tripartita (giant brake) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia molesta (kariba weed) | Present, Widespread | | | Wet (1993); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Hypnea musciformis | Present | Native | | John et al. (2003); John et al. (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) | Present | | | Malgwi and Onu (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon hirtum (Indian mallow) | Present | Native | | Achigan-Dako (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia auriculiformis (northern black wattle) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia colei | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia crassicarpa (northern wattle) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia hockii | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008); ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mellifera (blackthorn) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia nilotica (gum arabic tree) | Present, Planted | Native | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia polyacantha (hook thorn) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthospermum australe (spiny-bur) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthospermum hispidum (bristly starbur) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Adams (1963); Gabuin et al. (2014); Famaye et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Achyranthes aspera (devil's horsewhip) | Present, Localized | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); Gabuin et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Achyranthes japonica (Japanese chaff flower) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acrocarpus fraxinifolius (shingle tree) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Adenanthera pavonina (red-bead tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aeschynomene americana (shyleaf) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aeschynomene indica (Indian jointvetch) | Present | | | Hutchinson and Dalziel (1972) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratina adenophora (Croftonweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed) | Present | Introduced | | Adams (1963); Holm et al. (1979); Enyinnia (1992); Gabuin et al. (2014); Badamasi et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aira caryophyllea (silver hairgrass) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia niopoides (silk tree) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia procera (white siris) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alectra vogelii (yellow witchweed) | Present, Localized | Native | | Hutchinson and Dalziel (1963); Salako (1984); Riches et al. (1992); Kureh et al. (2005); Magani et al. (2008); Magani and Lagoke (2009); Kwaga et al. (2010); Kwaga et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aloe vera (true aloe) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1991); Adesina et al. (2011); PROTA (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alysicarpus vaginalis (alyce clover) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus blitum (livid amaranth) | Present | | | Hutchinson et al. (1954); PROTA (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus cruentus (red amaranth) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Grubben (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus dubius (spleen amaranth) | Present | Introduced | | Grubben (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus hybridus (smooth pigweed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991); Gabuin et al. (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991); Gabuin et al. (2014); Kajidu et al. (2015); PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus viridis (slender amaranth) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Gabuin et al. (2014); Famaye et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Anagallis arvensis (scarlet pimpernel) | Present | | | Taylor (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona glabra (pond apple) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy) | Present | Introduced | | Blench (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristolochia ringens (Dutchman’s pipe) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | HUTCHINSON and DALZIEL (1931); USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arthraxon hispidus (small carpetgrass) | Present | Native | | Hutchinson et al. (1972) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arundo donax (giant reed) | Present | | | Yahaya et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asystasia gangetica (chinese violet) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Axonopus compressus (carpet grass) | Present | | | Adeyemi (1989); Gabuin et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Azadirachta indica (neem tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bacopa monnieri (water hyssop) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Balanites aegyptiaca (simple-thorned torchwood) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Basella alba (malabar spinach) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2017); Adediji and Atiri (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia monandra (Napoleon's plume) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia purpurea (purple bauhinia) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia tomentosa (yellow bauhinia) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia variegata (mountain ebony) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bidens pilosa (blackjack) | Present | Introduced | | GRIIS (2018); Gabuin et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bixa orellana (annatto) | Present | Introduced | | Hassler (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia coccinea (scarlet spiderling) | Present | Introduced | | Whitehouse (1996); Malgwi and Onu (2013); Gabuin et al. (2014); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling) | Present | | | Kehinde and Fagade (1986); Gabuin et al. (2014); Kajidu et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Borreria latifolia (broadleaf buttonweed) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa bladhii (Caucasian bluestem) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Breynia disticha (snowbush) | Present | Introduced | | Okokon et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia decapetala (Mysore thorn) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caladium bicolor (heart of Jesus) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Azuwike et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calliandra houstoniana var. calothyrsus (calliandra) | Present | Introduced | | Larbi et al. (1998) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calophyllum inophyllum (Alexandrian laurel) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calotropis procera (apple of sodom) | Present | Native | Invasive | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Capsicum annuum (bell pepper) | Present | | | FAO (2009); Fajinmi (2010); Fajinmi (2011); Yahaya et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardiospermum grandiflorum (balloon vine) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia javanica (pink shower) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina glauca (scaly oak (Australia)) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar) | Present | Introduced | | Cintron (1990) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus biflorus (Indian sandbur) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass) | Present | Native | | Cook et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus echinatus (southern sandbur) | Present | | | Hutchinson and Dalziel (1972) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centratherum punctatum (lark daisy) | Present | Introduced | | Flann (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ceratophyllum demersum (coontail) | Present | | | Saliu (1989); Fagbote and Olanipekun (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris barbata (purpletop chloris) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris virgata (feather finger grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Gautier (1992); Famaye et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chrysopogon aciculatus (golden false beardgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Stanfield (1970) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cinchona pubescens (quinine tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Okonkwo and Msonthi (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cissus quadrangularis (treebine) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome gynandra | Present | Native | | Mishra et al. (2011); Gabuin et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome rutidosperma (fringed spiderflower) | Present | Native | | Berhaut (1974); Unamma and Melifonwu (1988); Holm et al. (1991); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome viscosa (Asian spiderflower) | Present | | | PROTA (2015); Gabuin et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum thomsoniae (bleeding glory bower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cocos nucifera (coconut) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears) | Present | Introduced | | Hepper (1972) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Colocasia esculenta (taro) | Present | Introduced | | Safo-Kantaka (2004); Bandyopadhyay et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Combretum indicum (Rangoon creeper) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina benghalensis (wandering jew) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1977); Wilson (1981); Malgwi and Onu (2013); Gabuin et al. (2014); Yahaya et al. (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina diffusa (spreading dayflower) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Convolvulus arvensis (bindweed) | Present | | | Salawu and Afolabi (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza sumatrensis (tall fleabane) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Corymbia citriodora (lemon-scented gum) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crassocephalum crepidioides (redflower ragleaf) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria retusa (rattleweed) | Present | | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuscuta campestris (field dodder) | Present | Introduced | | Gworgwor et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyathula prostrata (pasture weed) | Present | Native | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) | Present | | | Oparaeke (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon nardus (citronella grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | eMonocot (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon schoenanthus (camel grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); Gabuin et al. (2014); Kajidu et al. (2015); Famaye et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon nlemfuensis (African Bermuda-grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus compressus (annual sedge) | Present | | | Hooper and Napper (1972) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus cyperoides | Present | | | Gabuin et al. (2014); Yahaya et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge) | Present, Widespread | | | Imeokparia (1989); Govaerts (2014); Famaye et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Gabuin et al. (2014); Govaerts (2014); Kajidu et al. (2015); Famaye et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus imbricatus (shingle flatsedge) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus iria (rice flatsedge) | Present | | | Clayton (1972) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus papyrus (papyrus) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Govaerts (2014); Kajidu et al. (2015); Famaye et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); Gabuin et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dalbergia melanoxylon (African blackwood) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dalbergia sissoo | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura innoxia (downy thorn apple) | Present | Introduced | | Hepper (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura stramonium (jimsonweed) | Present | | | Hepper (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Derris elliptica (tuba root) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium caricosum (nadi blue grass) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichrostachys cinerea (sickle bush) | Present | Native | | World Agroforestry Centre (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dieffenbachia seguine (dumb cane) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | NCF (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria abyssinica (East African couchgrass) | Present | | | Hutchinson et al. (1972) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass) | Present | | | Hepper (1972); Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria longiflora (false couch grass) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Stanfield (1970); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria sanguinalis (large crabgrass) | Present | | | Kajidu et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea alata (white yam) | Present | | | Abang et al. (2004); Nkere et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea cayenensis (Guinea yam) | Present | Native | | PROTA (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dracaena fragrans (corn plant) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Drymaria cordata (tropical chickweed) | Present | Introduced | | Hutchinson and Dalziel (1954); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa colona (junglerice) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Kajidu et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa crus-pavonis (gulf cockspur grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Adagba et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa pyramidalis | Present | Native | | Hutchinson et al. (1972) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eclipta prostrata (eclipta) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Akinyemiju (1987); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm) | Present | | | FAO (2009); USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eleocharis dulcis (Chinese water chestnut) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elephantopus mollis (elephant's foot) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eleusine indica (goose grass) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); Kajidu et al. (2015); Famaye et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elymus repens (quackgrass) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia coccinea (scarlet tasselflower) | Present | | | Jeffrey (1986) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia praetermissa (yellow thistle) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2018); Adams (1963); Marks (1983); Gabuin et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis amabilis (Japanese lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PlantNet (2018); Gabuin et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis atrovirens (thalia lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis ciliaris (gophertail lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009); Onyewotu and Stigter (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia) | Present | | | Adeyemi (1989); Gabuin et al. (2014); Famaye et al. (2020); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Gabuin et al. (2014); Kajidu et al. (2015); Badamasi et al. (2020); Famaye et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia tirucalli (Indian-tree spurge) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Falcataria moluccana (batai wood) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus carica (common fig) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis dichotoma (tall fringe rush) | Present | | | Hutchinson and Dalziel (1972); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis) | Present | Native and Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1991); Holou et al. (2013); Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flacourtia indica (governor's plum) | Present | Native | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Funtumia elastica (West African rubber tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Furcraea foetida (Mauritius hemp) | Present | Introduced | | Bond (1945) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galinsoga quadriradiata (shaggy soldier) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002); WAC (2005); PROTA (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gmelina arborea (candahar) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphocarpus physocarpus (balloon cotton bush) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphrena globosa (globe amaranth) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gossypium barbadense (Gallini cotton) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Haematoxylum campechianum (logwood) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium indicum (Indian heliotrope) | Present | | | Heine (1963); Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium supinum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heteropogon contortus (spear grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heterotis rotundifolia (pink lady) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Borokini (2011); USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hevea brasiliensis (rubber) | Present | | | FAO (2009); Akpaja et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis spicigera (black sesame) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis suaveolens (pignut) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass) | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); Yahaya et al. (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera hirsuta (hairy indigo) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013); Gabuin et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera spicata (creeping indigo) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera suffruticosa (Anil indigo) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera tinctoria (true indigo) | Present | Native | | Bisby et al. (1994); USDA-ARS (2013); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera trita (Asian indigo) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea aquatica (swamp morning-glory) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1977); Salawu and Afolabi (1994); Bako et al. (2002); Ayoola et al. (2011); Chia et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morning glory) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea hederifolia (scarlet-creeper ) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea indica (ocean blue morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea nil (white edge morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea ochracea (fence morning-glory) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea triloba (three-lobe morning glory) | Present | | | Kajidu et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ixora finlaysoniana (white jungle flame) | Present | Introduced | | African Plant Database (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jacaranda mimosifolia (jacaranda) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum dichotomum (Gold Coast jasmine) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum fluminense (Brazilian jasmine) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum multiflorum (star jasmine) | Present | Introduced | | Aigbokhan (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha curcas (jatropha) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Caius (1986); Zarafi and Abdulkadir (2013); PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Dalziel (1955); Ogbobe (1988); Ogbobe and Akano (1993); Olowokudeja (1993); Fasola (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kyllinga nemoralis (white kyllinga) | Present | Native | | Kumar (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kyllinga polyphylla (navua sedge) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagerstroemia speciosa (Pride of India) | Present | Introduced | | African Plants Database (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lantana camara (lantana) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lawsonia inermis (Egyptian privet) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017); Orwa et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leersia hexandra (southern cut grass) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna perpusilla (duckweed) | Present | | | Hepper (1966) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonotis nepetifolia (Christmas candlestick) | Present | | | Adebitan (1998); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa fusca (sprangletop) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa mucronata (mucronate sprangletop ) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Eziashi et al. (2013); eMonocot (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena diversifolia | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lindernia crustacea (Malaysian false pimpernel) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia octovalvis (primrose willow) | Present | | | Raven (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Luffa acutangula (angled luffa) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2004); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Luffa aegyptiaca (loofah) | Present | | | Zipcode Zoo (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Maesopsis eminii (umbrella tree) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mangifera indica (mango) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Orwa et al. (2009); Asawalam and Nwachukwu (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Martynia annua (tiger's claw) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); Famaye et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melia azedarach (Chinaberry) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis minutiflora (molasses grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis repens (natal redtop) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia aegyptia (hairy woodrose) | Present | Native | | Hutchinson et al. (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia umbellata (hogvine) | Present | Native | | Hutchinson and Dalziel (1963); Heine (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mesosphaerum pectinatum (comb bushmint) | Present | Introduced | | Hutchinson et al. (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mikania micrantha (bitter vine) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa diplotricha (giant sensitive plant) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1977); Waterhouse and Norris (1987); Alabi et al. (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant) | Present | Introduced | | HUTCHINSON and DALZIEL (1958) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Momordica balsamina (common balsam apple) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) | Present | Native | | Scholz (1988); Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997); USDA-ARS (2014); Leke et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moorochloa eruciformis (sweet signal grass) | Present | Native | | Kumar (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moringa oleifera (horse radish tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | PROTA (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murdannia nudiflora (doveweed) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murraya paniculata (orange jessamine) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mussaenda erythrophylla (red flag bush) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mussaenda philippica (Queen of Philippines) | Present | Introduced | | Ogbu (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nelsonia canescens (blue pussyleaf) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Neonotonia wightii (perennial soybean) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nerium oleander (oleander) | Present | | | Ivbijaro et al. (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nymphaea lotus (white Egyptian lotus) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nypa fruticans (nipa palm) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Ukpong (1995); Obot et al. (1997); Ukpong (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ocimum gratissimum (African basil) | Present | Native | | WCSP (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oeceoclades maculata (monk orchid) | Present | Native | | Garay and Taylor (1976) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2018); Gabuin et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia lancifolia (calycose mille graines) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia monacantha (common prickly pear) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oryza barthii | Present | Native | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oryza longistaminata (perennial wild rice) | Present | | | Hepper (1972) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oryza punctata (wild rice) | Present, Localized | Native | | Stanfield (1970); Holm et al. (1979); Ng (1991); Faluyi and Nwokeocha (1993); Coloquio et al. (1998); USDA-ARS (2003); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel) | Present | | | Q-bank (2013); Holm et al. (1991); Gabuin et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis latifolia (sorrel) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pachira aquatica (pachira nut) | Present | Introduced | | Lawal et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Panicum repens (torpedo grass) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parkinsonia aculeata (Mexican palo-verde) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalidium geminatum (Egyptian paspalidium) | Present | Native | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012); Hepper (1972); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum scrobiculatum (ricegrass paspalum) | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | Holm et al. (1991); Ogbo et al. (2009); Ogie-Odia et al. (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora edulis (passionfruit) | Present | | | Arogundade et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Peltophorum pterocarpum (copperpod) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Clayton (1972); Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum macrourum (African feather grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum pedicellatum (deenanath grass) | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | Heper (1972); Holm et al. (1977); Poilecot (1995); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum polystachion (mission grass) | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) | Present | Native | Invasive | Clayton et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Petiveria alliacea (guinea hen weed) | Present | Introduced | | Alegre and Clavo (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phragmites australis (common reed) | Present | Native | | Clayton (1972); Okafor (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phyllanthus urinaria (leafflower) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis angulata (cutleaf groundcherry) | Present | Introduced | | Mairura (2008); Gabuin et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pimenta dioica (allspice) | Present | | | FAO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine) | Present | Introduced | | FAO (2001); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus patula (Mexican weeping pine) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pithecellobium dulce (Manila tamarind) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca oleracea (purslane) | Present | | | Hutchinson and Dalziel (1954); Gabuin et al. (2014); Kajidu et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca quadrifida (chickenweed) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2015); Gabuin et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prosopis juliflora (mesquite) | Present, Localized, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | Burkart (1976); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium guajava (guava) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002); FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rauvolfia caffra (quinine tree ) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rhamphicarpa fistulosa | Present | | | Hansen (1975); Mielcarek (1996); Gworgwor et al. (2001); USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ricinus communis (castor bean) | Present | | | Ogbe et al. (2006); Gabuin et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass) | Present, Localized | Native | | Okafar and Zitta (1991); Thottappilly et al. (1992); Millhollon and Burner (1993); USA, USDA-ARS (2008); Oyewole and Ibikunle (2010); Yahaya et al. (2017); Yahaya et al. (2019); Abraham et al. (2020); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Russelia equisetiformis (firecracker plant) | Present | Introduced | | Awe et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sacciolepis indica (glen woodgrass) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sagittaria sagittifolia | Present | | | Adesuyi et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Samanea saman (rain tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sansevieria trifasciata (mother-in-law’s tongue) | Present | Native | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna alata (candle bush) | Present | Introduced | | JSTOR Global Plants (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna hirsuta (hairy senna) | Present | Introduced | | Essiett and Bassey (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna italica (Senegal senna) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Gabuin et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) | Present | Introduced | | HUTCHINSON and DALZIEL (1958); Holm et al. (1979); Ogbe et al. (2006); Gabuin et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna septemtrionalis (smooth senna) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna siamea (yellow cassia) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna spectabilis (whitebark senna) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna surattensis (golden senna) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania cannabina (corkwood tree) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania grandiflora (sesbania) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania sericea (silky sesban) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania sesban (sesban) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014); ILDIS (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria verticillata (bristly foxtail) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida acuta (sida) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida linifolia (flaxleaf fanpetals) | Present | Introduced | | Hutchinson (1921); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum americanum | Present | | | Famaye et al. (2020); Gabuin et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum erianthum (potato tree) | Present | Native | | Gbile (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum mammosum (nipplefruit nightshade) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | | | JSTOR Global Plants (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum torvum (turkey berry) | Present, Localized | | | Heine (1963); Hossain (1973); Holm et al. (1991); Adedeji et al. (2007); Akinyemi and Oke (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum tuberosum (potato) | Present | | | Coyne and Claudius-Cole (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spermacoce verticillata (shrubby false buttonwood) | Present | Introduced | | Hutchinson et al. (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sphenoclea zeylanica (wedgewort) | Present | | | Okafor (1986) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus africanus (rat’s tail grass) | Present | Native | | Komolafe (1976) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus pyramidalis (giant rat’s tail grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Komolafe (1976) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta cayennensis (blue snakeweed) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Jamaica vervain) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta urticifolia (rattail) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Moldenke (1980) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Striga asiatica (witch weed) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); Mohamed et al. (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Striga aspera (witchweed) | Present | | | Hepper (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Striga densiflora (witchweed) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022); Dugje et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Striga gesnerioides (cowpea witchweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Hepper (1963); Lane et al. (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Striga hermonthica (witchweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); Ellis-Jones et al. (2004); Marley et al. (2004); Gabuin et al. (2014); Akomolafe et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stylosanthes hamata (Caribbean Stylo) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Synedrella nodiflora (synedrella) | Present, Widespread | | | Sharma (1990); Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tamarindus indica (tamarind) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tecoma stans (yellow bells) | Present | Introduced | | Bianco et al. (1980) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tectona grandis (teak) | Present, Planted | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tephrosia candida (white tephrosia) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thespesia populnea (portia tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia alata (black eyed Susan) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia erecta (bush clockvine) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Akobundu and Agyakwa (1987); Borokini (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tithonia rotundifolia (red sunflower) | Present | Introduced | | Muoghalu (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trachypogon spicatus (spiked crinkleawn) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trapa natans (waterchestnut) | Present | | | GBIF (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine) | Present | | | HUTCHINSON and DALZIEL (1958) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tridax procumbens (coat buttons) | Present, Localized | | | Hutchinson et al. (1963); Gabuin et al. (2014); Famaye et al. (2020); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triumfetta rhomboidea (diamond burbark) | Present | Native | | Hutchinson and Dalziel (1958); Gabuin et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha domingensis (southern cattail) | Present | Native | | Burkill (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urena lobata (caesar weed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa distachya (signal grass) | Present | | | African Plant Database (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa mutica (para grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vernicia fordii (tung-oil tree) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zingiber officinale (ginger) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Prabhakaran Nair (2013); Abraham et al. (2020); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ziziphus mauritiana (jujube) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ziziphus spina-christi (Christ's thorn jujube) | Present | Native | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zoysia matrella (Manila grass) | Present | Introduced | | eMonocot (2016) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Paramyxea | Marteilia refringens | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia bigemina | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia bovis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Bonamia exitiosa | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Bonamia ostreae | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Perkinsus marinus | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Perkinsus olseni | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Plasmodium relictum | Present | Native | | Waldenström et al. (2002); Beadell et al. (2006); Hellgren et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Theileria annulata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Theileria orientalis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Theileria parva | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Theileria velifera | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma congolense | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma equiperdum | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma evansi | Absent | | | OIE (2019); Hoare (1972); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma vivax | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Virus | | | African cassava mosaic virus (African cassava mosaic) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022); Bock and Harrison (1985); Ogbe et al. (2002); Ogbe et al. (2003); Were et al. (2003); Ogbe et al. (2006); Mgbechi-Ezeri et al. (2008); Badamasi et al. (2020); Igwe et al. (2021) |
Virus | | | African horse sickness virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | African swine fever virus | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | Arterivirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | avian metapneumovirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Avipoxvirus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Banana bunchy top virus (bunchy top of banana) | Present, Localized | | | CABI/EPPO (2013); Adegbola et al. (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Banana streak disease | Present | Native | Invasive | Diekmann and Putter (1996); Dahal et al. (2000); Dahal et al. (2000); Agindotan et al. (2003) |
Virus | | | bluetongue virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | caprine arthritis encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Cassava mosaic disease (African cassava mosaic) | Present, Widespread | | | Thresh et al. (1997); CABI and EPPO (1998) |
Virus | | | classical swine fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus | Present | | | Farquharson (1912); Jones and Mason (1926); Brown (1994); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus | Present, Widespread | | | Raheja and Leleji (1974); Ladipo (1976); Rossel (1977); Gumedzoe (1985); CABI and EPPO (2010) |
Virus | | | Cowpea mild mottle virus (angular mosaic of beans) | Present | | | Anon (1980); Brunt and Phillips (1981); CABI and EPPO (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); Ayo-John et al. (2014) |
Virus | | | duck hepatitis A virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | East African cassava mosaic virus | Present | | Invasive | Ogbe et al. (1999); Were et al. (2003); Ogbe et al. (2006); Badamasi et al. (2020); Igwe et al. (2021) |
Virus | | | eastern equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equid herpesvirus 1 | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine arteritis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine influenzavirus | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | foot-and-mouth disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | fowlpox virus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Gallid herpesvirus 2 | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Haliotid herpesvirus 1 | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious bursal disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious myonecrosis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious salmon anemia virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | influenza A virus | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019); OIE (2019); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | Japanese encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | lumpy skin disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Maize dwarf mosaic virus (dwarf mosaic of maize) | Present | | | Thottappilly (1992); Muhammad et al. (2016) |
Virus | | | Maize streak virus (streak disease of maize) | Present, Widespread | | | ESENAM (1966); Pinner et al. (1988); CABI and EPPO (1997); Fajinmi et al. (2012); Fajinmi et al. (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | myxoma virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Nairobi sheep disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Newcastle disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Nipah virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Papaya ringspot virus | Present | | | Lana (1980); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Virus | | | Passion fruit woodiness virus (passionfruit woodiness disease) | Present | | | Arogundade et al. (2018) |
Virus | | | peste des petits ruminants virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Potato spindle tuber viroid (spindle tuber of potato) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | rabies virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | red sea bream iridovirus | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Rice yellow mottle virus | Present | | | Rossel et al. (1982); Rossel et al. (1982); CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Rift Valley fever virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | rinderpest virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | spring viraemia of carp virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Sugarcane mosaic virus (sugarcane mosaic) | Present | | | ISSCT (1989); Yahaya et al. (2014); Muhammad et al. (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Suid herpesvirus 1 | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (internal cork disease of sweet potato) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2003); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | swine vesicular disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Taura syndrome virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (tomato spotted wilt) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1978); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (leaf curl) | Present | | | Hong and Harrison (1995); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | vesicular stomatitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | visna/maedi virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | West Nile virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | western equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Wheat streak mosaic virus (wheat streak) | Present | | | Abraham et al. (2020) |
Virus | | | White spot syndrome virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019) |