| | | yellow head virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (sugarcane ratoon stunting disease) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Mycobacterium bovis | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Bacteroidetes | Paenibacillus larvae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Bacillus anthracis | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris (yellow disease phytoplasmas) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae (lethal yellowing (LY)) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Melissococcus plutonius | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma gallisepticum | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) type | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma synoviae | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Anaplasma marginale | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella abortus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella melitensis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella ovis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella suis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Coxiella burnetii | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ehrlichia ruminantium | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Francisella tularensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pasteurella multocida | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2021) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella abortusovis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella gallinarum | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella pullorum | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Taylorella equigenitalis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (bean blight) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vasculorum (sugarcane gumming disease) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas citri (citrus canker) | Absent, Formerly present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xenohaliotis californiensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Aphanomyces astaci | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Aphanomyces invadans | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Peronosclerospora sorghi (sorghum downy mildew) | Present | Native | | UK, CAB International (1988); Bock et al. (1998); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Plasmopara viticola (grapevine downy mildew) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew of grasses and cereals) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2004) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Claviceps africana (ergot) | Present | Introduced | | Plumb-Dhindsa and Mondjane (1984); Milliano et al. (1991); CABI and EPPO (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Coniothyrium glycines (red leaf blotch) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); UK, CAB International (1991) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Panama disease of banana) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | IPPC (2013); IPPC (2013); CABI and EPPO (2015); IPPC (2016); Moses (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) | Present, Localized | | | IPPC (2013); Dita et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Gibberella indica (wilt of pigeon pea) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Guignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot) | Present, Localized | | | Carvalho (1974); CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Oidium anacardii (cashew powdery mildew) | Present | Introduced | | Ohler (1979); Shomari (1996); Mniu (1998); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Pseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Seif and Hillocks (1993); UK, CAB International (1996); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Sphaeropsis sapinea (Sphaeropsis blight) | Present | | | Carvalho (1948); Punithalingham and Waterston (1970) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soyabean rust) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia graminis (stem rust of cereals) | Present | | | Santiago et al. (1971); Fonseca (1974); Mukoyi et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia kuehnii (orange rust) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | CABI and EPPO (2015) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Acarapis woodi (honeybee mite) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aceria guerreronis (coconut mite) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aculops lycopersici (tomato russet mite) | Present | | | RODRIGUES (1968); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aethina tumida | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurodicus dispersus (whitefly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Cugala et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurotrachelus atratus (palm-infesting whitefly) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Borowiec et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Amblyomma hebraeum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Amblyomma latum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidiella aurantii (red scale) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidomytilus albus (tapioca scale) | Present | Introduced | | UK, CAB International (1978); Nakahara (1982); NHM (1982); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis craccivora (groundnut aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1983) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1968) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1969) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Apis mellifera scutellata (africanized bee) | Present | | | Alcobia (1991) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Artemia (brine shrimp) | Present | Native | | Van (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera cucurbitae (melon fly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI and EPPO (2008); IPPC (2008); José et al. (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bagrada hilaris (painted bug) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2016); Hill (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly) | Present | | | CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); Berry et al. (2004); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Boophilus microplus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Brevipalpus phoenicis (false spider mite) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cacyreus marshalli (pelargonium butterfly) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) | Present, Localized | Native | | Meyer (2000); CABI and EPPO (2015); Karsten et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ceratitis rosa (Natal fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Meyer (2001); Meyer et al. (2002); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ceroplastes destructor (white wax scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1960); De Lotto (1965); Hodgson (1969); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Charybdis hellerii | Present, Widespread | Native | | Barnard (1950); Apel and Spiridonov (1998) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chilo partellus (spotted stem borer) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1989); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysodeixis chalcites (golden twin-spot moth) | Present | Native | | Pinhey (1979) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus aonidum (circular scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screw-worm) | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | Harbach (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cylas formicarius (sweet potato weevil) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1970); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dacus bivittatus (fruit fly) | Present | | | White (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dacus ciliatus (lesser pumpkin fly) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2002); Munro (1984); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Duponchelia fovealis (Southern European marshland pyralid) | Present | | | Ueda (2020) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1972); Ben-Dov (1994) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ferrisia virgata (striped mealybug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gonipterus scutellatus (eucalyptus snout beetle) | Present | | | Cadahia (1986); CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1993); Sousa (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hemiberlesia lataniae (latania scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer) | Present | | | Cristancho et al. (2007); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1971); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Leptocybe invasa (blue gum chalcid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chirinzane et al. (2014); IPPC (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid) | Present | Introduced | | UK, CAB International (1984) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Monomorium destructor (Singapore ant) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Mononychellus tanajoa (cassava green mite) | Present, Widespread | | | Byrne et al. (1983); Yaninek (1988); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1979); Remaudiere and Autrique (1985); Millar (1994) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nezara viridula (green stink bug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1970) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nomadacris septemfasciata (red locust) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | Schulthess (1899); Kirby (1902); Finot (1907); Du Plessis (1949); Okhoba et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oryzaephilus surinamensis (saw toothed grain beetle) | Present | | | Champ and Dyte (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (cotton, seed bug) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paracoccus marginatus (papaya mealybug) | Present | Introduced | | Ahmed et al. (2015); Ahmed et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm) | Present | | | Baptista (1947); UK, CAB International (1990); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Penaeus monodon (giant tiger prawn) | Present | Native | | Holthuis (1980); Dore and Frimodt (1987) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pheidole megacephala (big-headed ant) | Present | Native | Invasive | Wheeler (1922) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phenacoccus manihoti (cassava mealybug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Herren and Neuenschwander (1991); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phoracantha semipunctata (eucalyptus longhorned borer) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phthorimaea absoluta (tomato leafminer) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | FAO (2017); IPPC (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug) | Present | | | Pelley (1968); CABI and EPPO (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) | Present | | | Javaid et al. (2000) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Polyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mite) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1986) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Portunus segnis | Present | Native | | Lai et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Prostephanus truncatus (larger grain borer) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Anon (2004); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus zeamais (greater grain weevil) | Present | | | Champ and Dyte (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitotroga cerealella (grain moth) | Present, Widespread | | | Champ and Dyte (1977) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera exempta (black armyworm) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1972); Haggis (1984); Rose et al. (1996); Pogue (2002); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Day et al. (2017); Caniço et al. (2021); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera littoralis (cotton leafworm) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1967); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sternochetus mangiferae (mango seed weevil) | Present | | | Almeida (1972); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) | Present | | | International Institute of Entomology (1996) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Thaumastocoris peregrinus (bronze bug) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Thaumatotibia leucotreta (false codling moth (FCM)) | Present | Native | | Stofberg (1954); CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid) | Present | | | Essig (1949); CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trogoderma granarium (khapra beetle) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tropilaelaps | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Varroa destructor (Varroa mite) | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus volvulus | Present | Introduced | | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Zaprionus tuberculatus | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Acridotheres tristis (common myna) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Alopochen aegyptiaca (Egyptian goose) | Present | Native | | BirdLife International (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Aristichthys nobilis (bighead carp) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); FishBase (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bos taurus (cattle) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bubalus bubalis (Asian water buffalo) | Present | Introduced | | Cockrill (1977) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Clarias gariepinus | Present | Native | | FAO (1997) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Columba livia (pigeons) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Corvus splendens (house crow) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Ryall (2002); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) | Absent | | | Seebens et al. (2017); FAO (2019); Froese and Pauly (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cyprinus carpio (common carp) | Present | Introduced | | FAO (1996) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) | Present | Introduced | | FishBase (2005); Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Lutjanus kasmira (blueline snapper) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Allen (1985) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Microcosmus squamiger | Present | Introduced | | Monniot (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia) | Present | Native | | Pullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Firmat et al. (2013); Froese and Pauly (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Passer domesticus (house sparrow) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Psittacula krameri (rose-ringed parakeet) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pterois volitans (lionfish) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Quelea quelea (weaver bird) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Craig (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rachycentron canadum (cobia) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Siganus luridus (dusky spinefoot) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Siganus rivulatus (marbled spinefoot) | Present | Native | | Pereira (2000) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Threskiornis aethiopicus (sacred ibis) | Present | Native | | Hoyo et al. (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tyto alba (Barn owl) | Present | Native | | Bruce (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Varanus niloticus (Nile monitor) | Present | Native | | Bayless (2002); Spawls et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Cnidaria | Tubastraea coccinea (orange-cup coral) | Present | | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Echinodermata | Acanthaster planci (crown-of-thorns starfish) | Present | | | Appeltans et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Corbicula fluminalis | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | Daget (1998) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Melanoides tuberculata (red-rimmed melania) | Present | | | Martens (1860) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Theba pisana (white garden snail) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Joubert and Walters (1951); Bruggen (1964) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Ditylenchus africanus (peanut pod nematode) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Helicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Martin and Armstrong (1975); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne chitwoodi (columbia root-knot nematode) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne enterolobii (Pacara earpod tree root-knot nematode) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne ethiopica (Root-knot nematode) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) | Present | | | Oever and Mangane (1992); CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm) | Present | | | Oever and Mangane (1992); CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Pratylenchus coffeae (banana root nematode) | Present | | | Oever and Mangane (1992); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode) | Present | | | Evaristo (1969); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Trichinella | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Tylenchulus semipenetrans (citrus root nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus granulosus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus multilocularis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Gyrodactylus salaris | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Taenia solium | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila abortus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila psittaci | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Adiantum hispidulum (rosy maidenhair fern) | Present, Localized | Native | | Schelpe (1970) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Adiantum raddianum (delta maidenhair fern) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Azolla filiculoides (water fern) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Langa (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Azolla pinnata (mosquito fern) | Present, Localized | Native | | Johns (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Ceratopteris thalictroides (watersprite) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Christella dentata (soft fern) | Present | Native | | Silva et al. (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Lygodium microphyllum (old world climbing fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia molesta (kariba weed) | Present | | | Wet (1993); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Thelypteris opulenta (jewelled maiden fern) | Present | | | Hyde et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Acanthophora spicifera | Present | Native | | Silva et al. (1996) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Gracilaria salicornia | Present | Native | | Silva et al. (1996) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Hypnea musciformis | Present | Native | | Silva et al. (1996) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon grandifolium (hairy Indian mallow) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Balsinhas (1983) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon hirtum (Indian mallow) | Present | Native | | Achigan-Dako (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon indicum (country mallow) | Present | | | Flora Zambesiaca (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia colei | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia crassicarpa (northern wattle) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia dealbata (acacia bernier) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia farnesiana (huisache) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia hockii | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008); ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia karroo (sweet thorn) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mellifera (blackthorn) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019); ILDIS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia nilotica (gum arabic tree) | Present | Native | Invasive | ILDIS (2002); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia polyacantha (hook thorn) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia saligna (coojong) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Weeds of Australia (2016); ILDIS (2007); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthospermum australe (spiny-bur) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthospermum hispidum (bristly starbur) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Adenanthera pavonina (red-bead tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed) | Present | Introduced | | JOHNSON (1971); Grabandt (1985) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum houstonianum (Blue billygoatweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | BioNET-EAFRINET (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alectra vogelii (yellow witchweed) | Present, Localized | Native | | Philcox (1990) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1991); Bohme (2005); PROTA (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alysicarpus vaginalis (alyce clover) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus blitum (livid amaranth) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Townsend (1988); PROTA (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus dubius (spleen amaranth) | Present | Introduced | | Grubben (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus hybridus (smooth pigweed) | Present | | | Townsend (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus viridis (slender amaranth) | Present | | | Hauman (1951); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy) | Present | Introduced | | Exell (1960) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argyreia nervosa (elephant creeper) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Flora Zambesiaca (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arthraxon hispidus (small carpetgrass) | Present | Native | | Flora Zambesiaca (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asclepias curassavica (bloodflower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Hyde et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus falcatus (sicklethorn) | Present | Native | | PROTA (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus setaceus (asparagus fern) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Axonopus fissifolius | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Azadirachta indica (neem tree) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bacopa monnieri (water hyssop) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Balanites aegyptiaca (simple-thorned torchwood) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Barleria prionitis (porcupine flower) | Present | Native | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Basella alba (malabar spinach) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia monandra (Napoleon's plume) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia purpurea (purple bauhinia) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia tomentosa (yellow bauhinia) | Present | Native | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia variegata (mountain ebony) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bidens pilosa (blackjack) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); GRIIS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia coccinea (scarlet spiderling) | Present | Introduced | | Struwig et al. (2011); Whitehouse (1996); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa bladhii (Caucasian bluestem) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica juncea (mustard) | Present | Introduced | | Warwick and Francis (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica rapa (field mustard) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Breynia disticha (snowbush) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Buddleja madagascariensis (smokebush) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia decapetala (Mysore thorn) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calotropis procera (apple of sodom) | Present | Native | Invasive | World Agroforestry Centre (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) | Present | Introduced | | Hyde et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia gladiata (sword bean) | Present | Introduced | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canna x generalis (canna lily) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine) | Present | | | PROTA (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum) | Present | Introduced | | Grace et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia javanica (pink shower) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina cunninghamiana (Australian beefwood) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus biflorus (Indian sandbur) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass) | Present | Native | | Cook et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chenopodium album (fat hen) | Present | | | Brenan (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris virgata (feather finger grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | Invasive | Zachariades and Goodall (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chrysanthemoides monilifera (boneseed) | Present | Native | | Scott (1996) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cissus quadrangularis (treebine) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantiifolia (lime) | Present | | | FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantium (sour orange) | Present | | | FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome rutidosperma (fringed spiderflower) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clitoria ternatea (butterfly-pea) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cocos nucifera (coconut) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Colubrina asiatica (latherleaf) | Present | Native | | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina benghalensis (wandering jew) | Present, Localized | | | South African Sugar Association (1972); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conium maculatum (poison hemlock) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Corymbia citriodora (lemon-scented gum) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cosmos sulphureus (sulphur cosmos) | Present | Introduced | | Jansen (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cotyledon orbiculata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crassocephalum crepidioides (redflower ragleaf) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crocosmia aurea | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria retusa (rattleweed) | Present | | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria spectabilis (showy rattlepod) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crypsis schoenoides (swamp pricklegrass) | Present | Native | | eMonocot (2015); USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crypsis vaginiflora (African pricklegrass) | Present | Native | | eMonocot (2015); Flora Zambesiaca (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cucumis anguria (West Indian gherkin) | Present | Native | | USDA-NRCS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuscuta campestris (field dodder) | Present | Introduced | | Goncalves (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyathula prostrata (pasture weed) | Present | Native | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon nardus (citronella grass) | Present | | | eMonocot (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus compressus (annual sedge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus papyrus (papyrus) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dalbergia melanoxylon (African blackwood) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dalbergia sissoo | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura stramonium (jimsonweed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Delonix regia (flamboyant) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium annulatum (Kleberg's bluestem) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium aristatum (angelton bluestem) | Present | Introduced | | Encyclopedia of Life (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichrostachys cinerea (sickle bush) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria eriantha (pangola grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria longiflora (false couch grass) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria velutina (velvet fingergrass) | Present | | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea alata (white yam) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dovyalis caffra (kei apple) | Present | Native | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dracaena fragrans (corn plant) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Drymaria cordata (tropical chickweed) | Present | Introduced | | Wild (1961); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Duranta erecta (golden dewdrop) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dysphania ambrosioides (Mexican tea) | Present | Introduced | | Silva et al. (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa colona (junglerice) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2014); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa pyramidalis | Present | Native | | Clayton (1989); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ehrharta erecta (panic veldtgrass) | Present | Native | | Launert (1971); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Gopal (1987); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eleusine indica (goose grass) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia coccinea (scarlet tasselflower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis atrovirens (thalia lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis ciliaris (gophertail lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis curvula (weeping lovegrass) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis lehmanniana (Lehmann lovegrass) | Present | Native | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis plana (South African lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Cope (1999); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus | Present | | | Nakabonge et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus cladocalyx (sugar gum) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus paniculata (grey ironbark) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus sideroxylon (black ironbark) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eugenia uniflora (Surinam cherry) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia tirucalli (Indian-tree spurge) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia tithymaloides (devil's backbone) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Falcataria moluccana (batai wood) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flacourtia indica (governor's plum) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gleditsia triacanthos (honey locust) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphocarpus physocarpus (balloon cotton bush) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphrena globosa (globe amaranth) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Grevillea robusta (silky oak) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Halophila stipulacea (halophila seagrass) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Helianthus annuus (sunflower) | Present | | | FAO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Helianthus debilis (beach sunflower) | Present | Introduced | | Hyde et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium curassavicum (salt heliotrope) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium indicum (Indian heliotrope) | Present | | | Martins (1990) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium supinum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heteropogon contortus (spear grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heterotis rotundifolia (pink lady) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hibiscus trionum (Venice mallow) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2016); Pieterse (1981); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hypochaeris radicata (cat's ear) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-NRCS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Impatiens walleriana (busy lizzy) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass) | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera hirsuta (hairy indigo) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera spicata (creeping indigo) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera tinctoria (true indigo) | Present | Native | | Bisby et al. (1994); USDA-ARS (2013); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera trita (Asian indigo) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea alba (white moonflower ) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea aquatica (swamp morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1977); Holm et al. (1979); Tembe (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morning glory) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (bush morning glory) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea hederifolia (scarlet-creeper ) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea ochracea (fence morning-glory) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea purpurea (tall morning glory) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea quamoclit (cypress vine) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jacaranda mimosifolia (jacaranda) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum fluminense (Brazilian jasmine) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum multiflorum (star jasmine) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha curcas (jatropha) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Caius (1986) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush) | Present | Introduced | | Schmidt et al. (2002); Brundu and Camarda (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe pinnata (cathedral bells) | Present | Introduced | | Fernandes (1983) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lantana camara (lantana) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Launaea intybacea (bitter lettuce) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lawsonia inermis (Egyptian privet) | Present | | | PROTA (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonotis nepetifolia (Christmas candlestick) | Present | Native | | Hyde et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa fusca (sprangletop) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa mucronata (mucronate sprangletop ) | Present | | | Hyde et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena diversifolia | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ligustrum lucidum (broad-leaf privet) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Csurhes and Edwards (1998) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia octovalvis (primrose willow) | Present | | | Raven (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Luffa acutangula (angled luffa) | Present | | | Flora of Mozambique (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mangifera indica (mango) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Manilkara zapota (sapodilla) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melia azedarach (Chinaberry) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melilotus albus (honey clover) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Hyde et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis minutiflora (molasses grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis repens (natal redtop) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal) | Present | Introduced | | Silva et al. (2004); USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia aegyptia (hairy woodrose) | Present | Native | | Gonçalves (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia tuberosa (woodrose) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa diplotricha (giant sensitive plant) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant) | Present | Introduced | | Leavold et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock flower) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Momordica balsamina (common balsam apple) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moorochloa eruciformis (sweet signal grass) | Present | Native | | Balsinhas (1983) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moringa oleifera (horse radish tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | PROTA (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murraya paniculata (orange jessamine) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nelsonia canescens (blue pussyleaf) | Present | Native | | Pickering and Roe (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Neonotonia wightii (perennial soybean) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicandra physalodes (apple of Peru) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nopalea cochenillifera (cochineal cactus) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Myre (1974) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nymphaea lotus (white Egyptian lotus) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ocimum gratissimum (African basil) | Present | Native | | WCSP (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia lancifolia (calycose mille graines) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (wild olive) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. undulatifolius (wavyleaf basketgrass) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Orobanche minor (common broomrape) | Present, Localized | Native | | Stapf (1906) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oryza longistaminata (perennial wild rice) | Present | | | Fernandes et al. (1971) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Bingham et al. (2013); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis latifolia (sorrel) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pachira aquatica (pachira nut) | Present | Introduced | | Randall (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parkinsonia aculeata (Mexican palo-verde) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parthenium hysterophorus (parthenium weed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Aneja et al. (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalidium geminatum (Egyptian paspalidium) | Present | Native | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012); Clayton (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum scrobiculatum (ricegrass paspalum) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003); Siebert et al. (2004); Muatinte and Berg (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum urvillei (Vasey grass) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora edulis (passionfruit) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower) | Present | | | Fernandez and Fernandes (1978) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora quadrangularis (giant granadilla) | Present | Introduced | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum polystachion (mission grass) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pentas lanceolata (Egyptian starcluster) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phragmites australis (common reed) | Present | Native | | Launert (1971) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis angulata (cutleaf groundcherry) | Present | Introduced | | Mairura (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine) | Present | Introduced | | FAO (2001); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus patula (Mexican weeping pine) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pithecellobium dulce (Manila tamarind) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plectranthus amboinicus (Indian borage) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Poa annua (annual meadowgrass) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca oleracea (purslane) | Present | | | Blundell (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca quadrifida (chickenweed) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prosopis juliflora (mesquite) | Present, Localized, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | Pasiecznik et al. (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium guajava (guava) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2013); FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pterocarpus indicus (red sandalwood) | Present | | | ILDIS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rauvolfia caffra (quinine tree ) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rhamphicarpa fistulosa | Present | | | Hansen (1975); Philcox (1990); Mielcarek (1996); USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ricinus communis (castor bean) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rivina humilis (bloodberry) | Present | Introduced | | Flora Zambesiaca (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1977); Moolman et al. (2013); Clayton et al. (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus ellipticus (yellow Himalayan raspberry) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus niveus (Mysore raspberry) | Present | | | Kew Herbarium Catalogue (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sacciolepis indica (glen woodgrass) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Samanea saman (rain tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sansevieria hyacinthoides (African bowstring hemp) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian pepper tree) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senecio inaequidens (South African ragwort) | Present | Native | | Werner et al. (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senecio madagascariensis (fireweed) | Present, Localized | Native | | Hilliard (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senecio vulgaris | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna didymobotrya (African senna) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna italica (Senegal senna) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna septemtrionalis (smooth senna) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna siamea (yellow cassia) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna spectabilis (whitebark senna) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania cannabina (corkwood tree) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania sesban (sesban) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria verticillata (bristly foxtail) | Present | | | Clayton (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida acuta (sida) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum mammosum (nipplefruit nightshade) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Flora Zambesiaca (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum seaforthianum (Brazilian nightshade) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus arvensis (perennial sowthistle) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus asper (spiny sow-thistle) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus africanus (rat’s tail grass) | Present, Widespread | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus pyramidalis (giant rat’s tail grass) | Present | | | eMonocot (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus tenuissimus (tropical dropseed) | Present | Introduced | | Flora Zambesiaca (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta cayennensis (blue snakeweed) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass) | Present | Introduced | | Sauer (1972) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Striga asiatica (witch weed) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); Mohamed et al. (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Striga gesnerioides (cowpea witchweed) | Present | | | Hepper (1990); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Striga hermonthica (witchweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tagetes minuta (stinking Roger) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tamarindus indica (tamarind) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tecoma capensis (Cape honeysuckle) | Present | Native | | Ulloa (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tectona grandis (teak) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tephrosia candida (white tephrosia) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tetragonia tetragonioides (New Zealand spinach) | Present | Introduced | | Grubben and Denton (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thespesia populnea (portia tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia alata (black eyed Susan) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thymophylla tenuiloba (Dahlberg daisy) | Present | Introduced | | Naturalis Biodiversity Center (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017); USDA-ARS (2018); USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tithonia rotundifolia (red sunflower) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Toona ciliata (toon) | Present | Introduced | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trachypogon spicatus (spiked crinkleawn) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trapa natans (waterchestnut) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tribulus cistoides (false puncture vine) | Present | | | Exell et al. (1963); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine) | Present | | | Launert (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tridax procumbens (coat buttons) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triumfetta rhomboidea (diamond burbark) | Present | Native | | Exell et al. (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha angustifolia (lesser bulrush) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urena lobata (caesar weed) | Present | | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa panicoides (liverseed grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa reptans (sprawling signalgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbena brasiliensis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vernicia fordii (tung-oil tree) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vitex trifolia | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ziziphus mauritiana (jujube) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Paramyxea | Marteilia refringens | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Bonamia exitiosa | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Bonamia ostreae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Perkinsus marinus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Perkinsus olseni | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Tritrichomonas foetus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma equiperdum | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma evansi | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | African cassava mosaic virus (African cassava mosaic) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022); Berry and Rey (2001); Thresh and Hillocks (2003) |
Virus | | | African horse sickness virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | African swine fever virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | avian infectious bronchitis virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | avian metapneumovirus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Avipoxvirus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Banana bunchy top virus (bunchy top of banana) | Present, Localized | | | Gondwe et al. (2007); CABI/EPPO (2013); IPPC (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Barley yellow dwarf viruses (barley yellow dwarf) | Present | | | Lister and Ranieri (1995) |
Virus | | | bluetongue virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine herpesvirus 1 | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine leukemia virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine viral diarrhea virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | camelpox virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | caprine arthritis encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Cassava brown streak viruses (cassava brown streak disease) | Present | | | Monger et al. (2001); Hillocks et al. (2002); Thresh and Hillocks (2003); Rajabu (2013); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); |
Virus | | | Cassava mosaic disease (African cassava mosaic) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI and EPPO (1998) |
Virus | | | classical swine fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus | Present, Widespread | | | Hampton et al. (1992); CABI and EPPO (2010) |
Virus | | | Cowpea mild mottle virus (angular mosaic of beans) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2019) |
Virus | | | Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | East African cassava mosaic virus | Present | | Invasive | Thresh and Hillocks (2003); Berry and Rey (2001) |
Virus | | | eastern equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equid herpesvirus 1 | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine arteritis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine infectious anaemia virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine influenzavirus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | foot-and-mouth disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | fowlpox virus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | infectious bursal disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious salmon anemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | influenza A virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019); |
Virus | | | Japanese encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | lumpy skin disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Maize chlorotic mottle virus | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2014) |
Virus | | | Maize lethal necrosis disease | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Virus | | | Maize streak virus (streak disease of maize) | Present, Widespread | | | Carvalho (1948); CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | myxoma virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Nairobi sheep disease virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Newcastle disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Nipah virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | peste des petits ruminants virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | rabies virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | red sea bream iridovirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Rift Valley fever virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | rinderpest virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | spring viraemia of carp virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Suid herpesvirus 1 | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | swine vesicular disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Taura syndrome virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | transmissible gastroenteritis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | vesicular stomatitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | visna/maedi virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | West Nile virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | western equine encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | White spot syndrome virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |