| | | Dactylosternum hydrophiloides | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (sugarcane ratoon stunting disease) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); CABI (Undated) |
Bacteria | | Bacteroidetes | Paenibacillus larvae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Bacillus anthracis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris (yellow disease phytoplasmas) | Present | | | Khew et al. (1991); Naderali et al. (2013); Neda Naderali et al. (2014); Neda Naderali et al. (2015) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii (clover proliferation phytoplasma) | Present | | | Taylor et al. (2011) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Melissococcus plutonius | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2009); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma gallisepticum | Absent | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) type | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma synoviae | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Acidovorax citrulli (fruit blotch) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Anaplasma marginale | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | blood disease bacterium (blood disease bacterium of banana) | Present, Localized | | | IPPC (2016) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella abortus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella melitensis | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella ovis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella suis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Burkholderia pseudomallei | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Asian greening) | Present, Localized | | | Khairulmazmi Ahmad et al. (2008); CABI/EPPO (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | citrus huanglongbing (greening) disease (citrus greening) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Coxiella burnetii | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ehrlichia ruminantium | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Erwinia papayae | Present | | | Maktar et al. (2008) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Francisella tularensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Mannheimia haemolytica | Present | | | Sabri et al. (2013); Chung LimTeik [Chung et al. (2015) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pasteurella multocida | Absent | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pectobacterium parmentieri (black leg disease of potato) | Present, Localized | | | CABI (Undated); |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Zulperi and Sijam (2014); Teng SukKuan et al. (2016); CABI (2020) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 (bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI and EPPO (1999) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 (moko disease) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); Dzarifah Zulperi et al. (2014); EPPO (2021) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella abortusovis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella gallinarum | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella pullorum | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Taylorella equigenitalis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (cassava bacterial blight) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (bean blight) | Present, Few occurrences | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas citri (citrus canker) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022); Lan Bui Thi Ngoc et al. (2010); Farimah Arshadi et al. (2013); CABI and EPPO (2014) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (bacterial leaf streak of rice) | Present, Widespread | | | Gonzalez et al. (2007); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis (bacterial leaf streak of grasses) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2014) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens (bacterial leaf streak of barley) | Present, Localized | | | CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora cambivora (root rot of forest trees) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora cinnamomi (Phytophthora dieback) | Present, Few occurrences | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora colocasiae (taro leaf blight) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora infestans (Phytophthora blight) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1982) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Plasmopara viticola (grapevine downy mildew) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Bipolaris victoriae (Victoria blight of oats) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022); UK, CAB International (1990) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Ceratocystis fimbriata (Ceratocystis blight) | Present, Localized | | | South and Sharples (1925); Beeley (1929); EPPO (2022); Herb IMI (undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Colletotrichum acutatum (black spot of strawberry) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2010); Adebola et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Diplodia seriata (grapevine trunk disease) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2005) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Panama disease of banana) | Present | Native | Invasive | Fourie et al. (2009); CABI and EPPO (2015); Mostert et al. (2017); Czislowski et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) | Present | | | Molina et al. (2009); Wong et al. (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Guignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella gibsonii (needle blight of pine) | Present, Few occurrences | | | EPPO (2022); Ivory (1994) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Phomopsis vexans (Phomopsis blight of eggplant) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2008) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Pseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Sphaeropsis sapinea (Sphaeropsis blight) | Present | | | Punithalingham and Waterston (1970); Herb IMI (undated); Sutton (undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Trichoconiella padwickii (stackburn disease) | Present | | | Jagoe and Henderson (1953) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Armillaria novae-zelandiae | Present | Native | | Coetzee et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato (Heterobasidion root rot) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Heterobasidion insulare | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phakopsora euvitis (grape rust fungus) | Present | | | Ono (2000); CABI and EPPO (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soyabean rust) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phellinus noxius (brown tea root disease) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1997); Farid et al. (2005); Mohd Farid et al. (2009); Tsai JyhNong et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia horiana (white rust of chrysanthemum) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2008); Backer et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia kuehnii (orange rust) | Present | | | Ryan and Egan (1989); Magarey (2000); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Sporisorium sacchari (Asian sugarcane smut) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Uromycladium spp. that cause gall rusts (Acacia gall rusts) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Sato et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Acarapis woodi (honeybee mite) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aceria guerreronis (coconut mite) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Adoretus sinicus (Chinese rose beetle) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aedes aegypti | Present | Introduced | | Horwood et al. (2013); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aethina tumida | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1969); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurocanthus woglumi (citrus blackfly) | Present, Few occurrences | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurodicus destructor (coconut whitefly) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurodicus dispersus (whitefly) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Amblyomma variegatum (tropical bont tick) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Amphibalanus improvisus (bay barnacle) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anoplolepis gracilipes (yellow crazy ant) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anoplophora chinensis (black and white citrus longhorn) | Present, Localized | Native | | Lingafelter and Hoebeke (2002); CABI and EPPO (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidiella aurantii (red scale) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidiella orientalis (oriental yellow scale) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidomytilus albus (tapioca scale) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis craccivora (groundnut aphid) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993); Hussein and Samad (1993); Mohamad Roff et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1969) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Artemia (brine shrimp) | Present | Introduced | | Lavens and Sorgeloos (2000) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aulacaspis yasumatsui (cycad aulacaspis scale) | Present | | | Muniappan et al. (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera carambolae (carambola fruit fly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Drew and Hancock (1994); Chua and Khoo (1995); Muraji and Nakahara (2002); Khalid Mahmood (2004); San Jose et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera correcta (guava fruit fly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera cucurbitae (melon fly) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | CABI and EPPO (2003); Chua et al. (2010); Boontop et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Clarke et al. (2001); Muraji and Nakahara (2002); Smith et al. (2003); Khalid Mahmood (2004); Schutze et al. (2012); Schutze et al. (2012); Leblanc et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera frauenfeldi (mango fruit fly) | Present | | | Tan and Lee (1982) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera latifrons (Solanum fruit fly) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); Yong (1993); Othman et al. (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera tau | Present | | | White and Elson-Harris (1994); Tan and Lee (1982); Drew and Romig (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera umbrosa | Present | | | White and Elson-Harris (1994); Yunus and Ho (1980) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993); Rasdi et al. (2009); Idris et al. (2012); Shadmany et al. (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (MED) (silverleaf whitefly) | Present | | | Shadmany et al. (2019); Mohammad Shadmany et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Blattella germanica (German cockroach) | Present | Introduced | | Abdullah et al. (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Boophilus microplus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Brevipalpus phoenicis (false spider mite) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Brontispa longissima (coconut hispine beetle) | Present | | | Wan Khairul Anuar et al. (2019); Kalshoven and Laan (1981); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Calacarus carinatus (purple tea mite) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Callosobruchus chinensis (Chinese bruchid) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cerataphis lataniae (palm aphid) | Present | Native | | CABI and EPPO (2007); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Charybdis hellerii | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Charybdis japonica (lady crab) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Wee and Ng (1995) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cherax quadricarinatus (redclaw crayfish) | Present | Introduced | | Chang (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chilades pandava | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chilo suppressalis (striped rice stem borer) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1977); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus aonidum (circular scale) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1969) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screw-worm) | Present | Native | Invasive | Norris and Murray (1964); Wardhana et al. (2012); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Conopomorpha cramerella (cocoa pod borer) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); Day (1989); Beevor et al. (1993); Azhar and Long (1996); Posada et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Coptotermes (termites) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Wan-Muhammad-Azrul et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Coptotermes curvignathus (rubber termite) | Present | Native | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Coptotermes gestroi (Asian subterranean termite) | Present | Native | Invasive | Kirton and Brown (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cylas formicarius (sweet potato weevil) | Present, Widespread | | | UK, CAB International (1970); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dactylosternum abdominale | Present | | | Greathead (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid) | Present, Few occurrences | | | CABI/EPPO (2011); Leong et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dichromothrips corbetti | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dinoderus minutus (bamboo borer) | Present | Native | | Wu et al. (1986); Chu and Zhang (1997) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993); Ben-Dov (1994); Williams (2004); Palma-Jiménez and Blanco-Meneses (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus neobrevipes (grey pineapple mealybug) | Present | | | GarcĂa Morales et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Erionota thrax (banana skipper) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Erionota torus (banana skipper) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Euwallacea destruens | Present | Native | | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Euwallacea fornicatus (polyphagous shot-hole borer) | Present | Native | | Schedl (1942) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Euwallacea perbrevis (tea shot-hole borer) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Euwallacea piceus | Present | Native | | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ferrisia virgata (striped mealybug) | Present | | | Kaydan and Gullan (2012); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Galleria mellonella (greater waxmoth) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Greenidea ficicola | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gynaikothrips ficorum (Cuban laurel thrips) | Present | | | Jacot-Guillarmod and Brothers (1986) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) | Present | | | Lim and Pan (1980); UK, CAB International (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (black tea thrips) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hemiberlesia lataniae (latania scale) | Present | | | Chu and Wood (1990) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hemiberlesia rapax (greedy scale (USA)) | Present | | | APPPC (1987) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Heteropsylla cubana (leucaena psyllid) | Present | | | Guan-Soon et al. (1990); Showler and Melcher (1995) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer) | Present | | | Cristancho et al. (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1971); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Idioscopus clypealis (mango leafhopper) | Present | | | Viraktamath (1989); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Idioscopus nitidulus (mango leafhopper) | Present | | | Viraktamath (1989); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Insignorthezia insignis (greenhouse orthezia) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Leptocybe invasa (blue gum chalcid) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza huidobrensis (serpentine leafminer) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1998); CABI and EPPO (2002); Ahya and Liyana (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza sativae (vegetable leaf miner) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Litopenaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug) | Present | Native | | Williams (1996); Williams (2004); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Macrobrachium rosenbergii (giant freshwater prawn) | Present | Native | | New (2000) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid) | Present | Introduced | | NHM (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Monomorium destructor (Singapore ant) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nezara viridula (green stink bug) | Present, Localized | | | UK, CAB International (1970) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nipaecoccus viridis (spherical mealybug) | Present | | | Williams (2004); CABI and EPPO (2005); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oryctes rhinoceros (coconut rhinoceros beetle) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022); Huger (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oryzaephilus surinamensis (saw toothed grain beetle) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Otiorhynchus sulcatus (vine weevil) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Papilio demoleus (chequered swallowtail) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paracoccus marginatus (papaya mealybug) | Present | Introduced | | Mastoi et al. (2011); CABI/EPPO (2012); Mastoi et al. (2014); Ahmed et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paraleyrodes minei | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paratrechina longicornis (crazy ant) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1990); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Penaeus monodon (giant tiger prawn) | Present | Native | | Holthuis (1980); Dore and Frimodt (1987) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pheidole megacephala (big-headed ant) | Present | | | Loke PooiYen and Lee ChowYang (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phenacoccus manihoti (cassava mealybug) | Present | | | Dewi Sartiami et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phenacoccus solenopsis (cotton mealybug) | Present | Introduced | | Sartiami D et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phyllocnistis citrella (citrus leaf miner) | Present, Widespread | | | Yunus and Ho (1980); UK, CAB International (1986); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pineus pini (pine woolly aphid) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993); CABI and EPPO (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) | Present, Widespread | | | UK, CAB International (1967) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Polyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mite) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Prays citri (citrus flower moth) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Prays endocarpa (citrus rind borer) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (mulberry scale) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Quadrastichus erythrinae (Erythrina gall wasp) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rastrococcus invadens (fruit tree mealybug) | Present | | | Williams (1986); CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (red palm weevil) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer) | Present | | | Seth (1975); Muda (1985) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Saissetia oleae (olive scale) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Scirtothrips dorsalis (chilli thrips) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Mound and Palmer (1981); Mound and Azidah (2009); CABI and EPPO (2010); Hamaseh Aliakbarpour and Md Rawi (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitobion miscanthi (indian grain aphid) | Present | Native | | Blackman and Eastop (2000); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus granarius (grain weevil) | Present | | | Mariana et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus oryzae (lesser grain weevil) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus zeamais (greater grain weevil) | Present | | | Champ and Dyte (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitotroga cerealella (grain moth) | Present, Widespread | | | Champ and Dyte (1977); Muda (1985) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Solenopsis geminata (tropical fire ant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Lee et al. (2002); ISSG (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Solenopsis invicta (red imported fire ant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | ISSG (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera exempta (black armyworm) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Pogue (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); FAO (2019); Jamil et al. (2020); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera litura (taro caterpillar) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022); Intachat and Kirton (1997); Sajap et al. (2000); Zabedah et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sternochetus mangiferae (mango seed weevil) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Yunus and Ho (1980); CABI and EPPO (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Thrips palmi (melon thrips) | Present, Widespread | | | Okajima et al. (1992); Waterhouse (1993); Kajita et al. (1996); CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); CABI and EPPO (1998); Aliakbarpour et al. (2010); Hamaseh Aliakbarpour and Che Salmah (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trialeurodes ricini (castor bean whitefly) | Present | Native | | Mound and Halsey (1978); Martin (1987); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trirachys holosericeus (apple stem borer) | Present | Native | | DUFFY (1968); Khan and Maiti (1983); Mitra et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trirachys sartus (city longhorn beetle) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trogoderma granarium (khapra beetle) | Absent, Eradicated | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tropilaelaps | Absent | | | OIE (2018); Koeniger et al. (2002); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Unaspis citri (citrus snow scale) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Varroa destructor (Varroa mite) | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2009); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Varroa jacobsoni (Varroa mite) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Vespa velutina (Asian hornet) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus perforans (island pinhole borer) | Present | Native | | UK, CAB International (1973); Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus similis | Present | Native | | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus volvulus | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus ater | Present | Native | | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus compactus (shot-hole borer) | Present | Native | | Waterhouse (1993); CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Asian ambrosia beetle) | Present | Native | | Wood and Bright (1992); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus discolor | Present | Native | | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus morigerus (brown twig beetle) | Present | Native | | Wood and Bright (1992); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus mutilatus (camphor shoot beetle) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Coyle (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Acanthogobius flavimanus | Present | Native | | GBIF (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Acridotheres cristatellus | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Acridotheres tristis (common myna) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Amphiprion | Present | Native | | Froese and Pauly (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Aristichthys nobilis (bighead carp) | Present | Introduced | | Welcomme (1988); FishBase (2004); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bos taurus (cattle) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bubalus bubalis (Asian water buffalo) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Callosciurus erythraeus (Pallas's squirrel) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Capra hircus (goats) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Carassius auratus auratus (goldfish) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cichla ocellaris (peacock cichlid) | Present | Introduced | | Chong et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Clarias batrachus (walking catfish) | Present | Native | | Froese and Pauly (2004); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Clarias gariepinus | Present | Introduced | Invasive | FAO (1997); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Columba livia (pigeons) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Corvus splendens (house crow) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) | Absent | | | Shireman and Smith (1983); Welcomme (1988); Froese and Pauly (2004); Froese and Pauly (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cyprinus carpio (common carp) | Present | Introduced | | Alikhuni (1966); Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Dicrurus macrocercus | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Asian common toad) | Present | Native | | Dijk et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Gambusia affinis (western mosquitofish) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Froese and Pauly (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Garrulax canorus (Chinese hwamei) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) | Absent | | | Froese and Pauly (2004); FishBase (2005); Froese and Pauly (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hypostomus plecostomus (suckermouth catfish) | Present | Introduced | | Bartley (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Lutjanus kasmira (blueline snapper) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Allen (1985) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Ang and Gopinath (1989); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Monopterus albus (Asian swamp eel) | Present | Native | | Fishbase (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Mylopharyngodon piceus (black amur) | Present | | | Department of Fisheries (1987) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Pullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Ang and Gopinath (1989); Pullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004); Chong et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ovis aries (sheep) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Piaractus brachypomus (pirapitinga) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); FAO (1997) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Poecilia reticulata (guppy) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pterois volitans (lionfish) | Present | Native | | Froese and Pauly (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus (Orinoco sailfin catfish) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pycnonotus jocosus (Red-whiskered bulbul) | Present | Native | | Avibase (2017); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rachycentron canadum (cobia) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rana catesbeiana (American bullfrog) | Present | Introduced | | Hardouin (1997); Teixeira et al. (2001); Flores Nava (2005); Kraus (2009); Santos-Barrera et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rattus exulans (Pacific rat) | Present | | | Medway Lord (1978); Embi (1980); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rattus rattus (black rat) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rattus tanezumi (Asian house rat) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Sus scrofa [ISC] (feral pig) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tilapia zillii (redbelly tilapia) | Absent, Formerly present | | | Wohlfarth and Hulata (1983); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Trachemys scripta elegans (red-eared slider) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Trichopodus trichopterus (three spot gourami) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Ang and Gopinath (1989) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tyto alba (Barn owl) | Present, Few occurrences | Native | | Wells (2007); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Cnidaria | Tubastraea coccinea (orange-cup coral) | Present | | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Echinodermata | Acanthaster planci (crown-of-thorns starfish) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Achatina fulica (giant African land snail) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Mead (1979); Foon et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Euglandina rosea (rosy predator snail) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Magallana gigas (Pacific oyster) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); DIAS (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Mytilopsis sallei (Caribbean false mussel) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Perna viridis (Asian green mussel) | Present | Native | | NACA (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pinctada imbricata radiata (rayed pearl oyster) | Present | Native | | Poutiers (1998) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Teo SuSin (2004); Halwart and Bartley (2006); Yahaya et al. (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pomacea insularum (island applesnail) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pomacea maculata | Present | | | CABI (Undated); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Ruditapes philippinarum (Japanese carpet shell) | Present | Native | | Scarlato (1981) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Aphelenchoides besseyi (rice leaf nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Ditylenchus angustus (rice stem nematode) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Ditylenchus destructor (potato tuber nematode) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Globodera pallida (white potato cyst nematode) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Globodera rostochiensis (yellow potato cyst nematode) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Helicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode) | Present | | | Sher (1966); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2003); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne graminicola (rice root knot nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2001); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne hapla (root knot nematode) | Present | | | Muhammad (1992); CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2002); Abdul Rahman et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm) | Present, Widespread | | | Madamba (1981); CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Pratylenchus coffeae (banana root nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Muhammad (1992); CABI and EPPO (2000); Abdul Rahman et al. (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); Abdul Rahman et al. (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Trichinella | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Tylenchulus semipenetrans (citrus root nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Bothriocephalus acheilognathi | Present | Introduced | | Fernando and Furtado (1964) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus granulosus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus multilocularis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Taenia solium | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Porifera | Mycale grandis (orange keyhole sponge) | Present | | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila abortus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila psittaci | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Chlorophyta | Caulerpa taxifolia (killer algae) | Present | Native | | Guiry and Guiry (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Chlorophyta | Ulva pertusa | Present | Native | | Phang and Wee (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Chlorophyta | Ulva reticulata (ribbon sea lettuce) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Adiantum hispidulum (rosy maidenhair fern) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Angiopteris evecta (king fern) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Ghazali et al. (2014); ISSG (2018); USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Azolla pinnata (mosquito fern) | Present, Localized | Native | | Mansor and Sam (1992); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Ceratopteris thalictroides (watersprite) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Christella dentata (soft fern) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Cyclosorus parasiticus (parasitic maiden fern) | Present | Native | | Holttum (1976) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Diplazium esculentum (vegetable fern) | Present | Native | | Dash et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Lygodium flexuosum (maidenhair creeper) | Present | Native | | USDA-APHIS-PPQ (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Lygodium japonicum (Japanese climbing fern) | Present | Native | | Holttum (1959); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Lygodium microphyllum (old world climbing fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Macrothelypteris torresiana (swordfern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Marsilea minuta (pepperwort) | Present, Widespread | | | Holttum (1954); Pancho and Soerjani (1978) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Nephrolepis brownii (Asian swordfern) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris tripartita (giant brake) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia molesta (kariba weed) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | Azmi (1988); Baki et al. (1990); Hakim et al. (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Thelypteris opulenta (jewelled maiden fern) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Acanthophora spicifera | Present | Native | | Silva et al. (1996) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Eucheuma spp. | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Gracilaria salicornia | Present | Native | | Silva et al. (1996); Yamamoto and Phang (1997); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Kappaphycus | Present | Native | | Doty (1980) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abelmoschus moschatus (musk mallow) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abrus precatorius (rosary pea) | Present | Native | | PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon hirtum (Indian mallow) | Present | Native | | Achigan-Dako (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon indicum (country mallow) | Present | Native | | Curtis (1894) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia auriculiformis (northern black wattle) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia confusa | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia crassicarpa (northern wattle) | Present | Introduced | | Thapa (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia farnesiana (huisache) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia longifolia (golden wattle) | Present | Introduced | | PIER (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mangium (brown salwood) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Aguiar JĂşnior et al. (2014); Brown (2000); Orchard and Wilson (2001); Orwa et al. (2009); Krisnawati et al. (2011); Kew Royal Botanic Gardens (2016); USDA-ARS (2016); Maid et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Achyranthes aspera (devil's horsewhip) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acrocarpus fraxinifolius (shingle tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Adenanthera pavonina (red-bead tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Adonidia merrillii (Christmas palm) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aeschynomene indica (Indian jointvetch) | Present, Widespread | | | Henderson (1959) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave vivipara (Caribbean agave) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | The Mansfeld’s World Database (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Barnes and Chandapillai (1972); IRRI (1989); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ailanthus altissima (tree-of-heaven) | Present | Introduced | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia chinensis (Chinese albizia) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris) | Present | Native and Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009); ILDIS (2016); PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia procera (white siris) | Present | Native | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aleurites moluccanus (candlenut tree) | Present, Planted | Native | | Krisnawati et al. (2011); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Allamanda cathartica (yellow allamanda) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alocasia cucullata (Chinese taro) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alocasia macrorrhizos (giant taro) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alpinia zerumbet (shell ginger) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Native | | Govaerts (2013); USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed) | Present, Localized | | | Parham (1958); Holm et al. (1991); Senterre et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alysicarpus vaginalis (alyce clover) | Present | Native | | Duke (1981); Flora of China Editorial Committee (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus blitum (livid amaranth) | Present | | | Townsend (1988); Itoh et al. (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1991); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus viridis (slender amaranth) | Present | | | Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona muricata (soursop) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona reticulata (bullock's heart) | Present | Introduced | | Jansen et al. (1991); Mastoi et al. (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona squamosa (sugar apple) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ardisia crenata (coral berry) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ardisia elliptica (shoebutton ardisia) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Areca catechu (betelnut palm) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arenga pinnata (sugar palm) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2016); PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argyreia nervosa (elephant creeper) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Csurhes (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arthraxon hispidus (small carpetgrass) | Present | Native | | Flora of China (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) | Present | Native | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) | Present, Planted | | | Mastoi et al. (2014); Zulperi et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arundo donax (giant reed) | Present, Planted | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asclepias curassavica (bloodflower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | USDA-ARS (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asphodelus tenuifolius (onionweed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asystasia gangetica (chinese violet) | Present | | | Hamaseh Aliakbarpour and Md Rawi (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Averrhoa bilimbi (bilimbi) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Axonopus compressus (carpet grass) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Axonopus fissifolius | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Azadirachta indica (neem tree) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Naturalized | World Agroforestry Centre (2002); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bacopa monnieri (water hyssop) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa bambos (giant thorny bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa tuldoides (punting pole bamboo) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Barleria prionitis (porcupine flower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Barringtonia asiatica (sea poison tree) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Basella alba (malabar spinach) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2017); WCSP (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia monandra (Napoleon's plume) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia purpurea (purple bauhinia) | Present | Native | | Orwa et al. (2009); ILDIS (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia variegata (mountain ebony) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bidens pilosa (blackjack) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bixa orellana (annatto) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Blyxa aubertii (roundfruit blyxa) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia coccinea (scarlet spiderling) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling) | Present | | | Stemmerik (1964) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Borreria latifolia (broadleaf buttonweed) | Present, Localized | | | Barnes and Chan (1990); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa bladhii (Caucasian bluestem) | Present | | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa pertusa (pitted beard grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica juncea (mustard) | Present | Introduced | | PIER (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica rapa (field mustard) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | PROTA (2018); Golkhandan et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Broussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brugmansia suaveolens (white angel's trumpet) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Buddleja asiatica (dog tail) | Present | Native | | Li and Leeuwenberg (1996) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cabomba caroliniana (Carolina fanwort) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022); Washington State Department of Ecology (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia decapetala (Mysore thorn) | Present | Native | | PIER (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caladium bicolor (heart of Jesus) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calophyllum inophyllum (Alexandrian laurel) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | ILDIS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calotropis gigantea (Yercum fibre) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia cathartica | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) | Present | Introduced | | Sauer (1964) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia gladiata (sword bean) | Present | Introduced | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Capsicum annuum (bell pepper) | Present | | | Mohamad Roff et al. (2006); Golkhandan et al. (2013); Farshid Mahmodi et al. (2014); Nasehi et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardamine flexuosa (wavy bittercress) | Present | Introduced | | GRIIS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993); USDA-ARS (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia grandis (pink shower) | Present | Introduced | | Toruan-Purba (1999) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia javanica (pink shower) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina) | Present, Planted | Native | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Nejat et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus echinatus (southern sandbur) | Present | | | Hitchcock (1971); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centratherum punctatum (lark daisy) | Present | Introduced | | Flann (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ceratophyllum demersum (coontail) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chamaecrista nictitans (sensitive partridge pea) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cheilocostus speciosus (crepe ginger ) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); Englberger (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chenopodium acuminatum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris barbata (purpletop chloris) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chrysopogon aciculatus (golden false beardgrass) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1979); Kamal-Uddin et al. (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cinnamomum burmanni (padang cassia) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cinnamomum camphora (camphor laurel) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cissus quadrangularis (treebine) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantiifolia (lime) | Present | | | FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantium (sour orange) | Present | | | FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome rutidosperma (fringed spiderflower) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Elffers et al. (1964); Kers (1986); Teng and Teh (1990); Ismail et al. (1995); Waterhouse and Mitchell (1998); Hamaseh Aliakbarpour and Md Rawi (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome viscosa (Asian spiderflower) | Present | Native and Introduced | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum chinense (Chinese glory bower) | Present | Introduced | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum indicum (Turk's turban) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum paniculatum (pagoda flower) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clidemia hirta (Koster's curse) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clitoria ternatea (butterfly-pea) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2016); ILDIS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Coccinia grandis (scarlet-fruited ivy gourd) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013); PIER (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cocos nucifera (coconut) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Almaliky et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears) | Present | Introduced | | Whyte (1972) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Colocasia esculenta (taro) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Colubrina asiatica (latherleaf) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Combretum indicum (Rangoon creeper) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); Flora of China Editorial Committee (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina benghalensis (wandering jew) | Present, Localized | | | Wilson (1981); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina diffusa (spreading dayflower) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina paludosa | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Convolvulus arvensis (bindweed) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza sumatrensis (tall fleabane) | Present | Introduced | | Itoh et al. (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cordyline fruticosa (ti plant) | Present, Widespread | | | Hinkle (2007); Smithsonian (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Corymbia citriodora (lemon-scented gum) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cosmos caudatus (wild cosmos) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014); Sherff (1932); Siddiqui et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crassocephalum crepidioides (redflower ragleaf) | Present | Introduced | | Tjitrosoedirdjo (1991); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora (montbretia) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria retusa (rattleweed) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria spectabilis (showy rattlepod) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cryptocoryne lingua | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuphea carthagenensis (Colombian waxweed) | Present | Introduced | | Kiew (2008); Forest Research Institute Malaysia (2015); GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuscuta campestris (field dodder) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyanthillium cinereum (little ironweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynara cardunculus (cardoon) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); Waterhouse (1993); Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus compressus (annual sedge) | Present, Widespread | | | Ridley (1925); Waterhouse (1993); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus cyperoides | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge) | Present, Widespread | | | Barnes and Chan (1990); Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus imbricatus (shingle flatsedge) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus iria (rice flatsedge) | Present | | | Barnes and Chan (1990); Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus meyenianus (Meyen's flatsedge) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dalbergia sissoo | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Delonix regia (flamboyant) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dendrocalamus strictus (male bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Derris elliptica (tuba root) | Present | Native and Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium annulatum (Kleberg's bluestem) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium aristatum (angelton bluestem) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichrostachys cinerea (sickle bush) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dieffenbachia seguine (dumb cane) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria bicornis (Asian crabgrass) | Present | Native | | PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria eriantha (pangola grass) | Present | Introduced | | CTAHR (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria fuscescens (yellow crab grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria ischaemum | Present | | | Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria longiflora (false couch grass) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria sanguinalis (large crabgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Waterhouse (1993); Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria setigera (East Indian crabgrass) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea alata (white yam) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dolichandra unguis-cati (cat's claw creeper) | Present | Introduced | | ISSG (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dracaena fragrans (corn plant) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa colona (junglerice) | Present | | | Azmi (1988); Barnes and Chan (1990); Waterhouse (1993); Hamaseh Aliakbarpour and Md Rawi (2011); Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) | Present | Introduced | | Moody (1989); Holm et al. (1991); Hakim et al. (2013); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eclipta prostrata (eclipta) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Gopal (1987); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm) | Present | | | FAO (2009); Ismail et al. (2017); Nasehi et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eleocharis dulcis (Chinese water chestnut) | Present, Localized | | | Mansor and Ahmad (1986) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elephantopus mollis (elephant's foot) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eleusine indica (goose grass) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elodea canadensis (Canadian pondweed) | Present | Introduced | | Revilla et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elsholtzia ciliata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018); IRRI (1989); Waterhouse (1993); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Epipremnum pinnatum (centipede tongavine) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis amabilis (Japanese lovegrass) | Present | Native | | PIER (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis atrovirens (thalia lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass) | Present | | | PIER (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis unioloides (Chinese lovegrass) | Present | Native | | PIER (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erechtites valerianifolius (tropical burnweed) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erythrina poeppigiana (coral tree) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Etlingera elatior (torch ginger) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eugenia uniflora (Surinam cherry) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euonymus japonicus (Japanese spindle tree) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia neriifolia (Indian spurge tree) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia tirucalli (Indian-tree spurge) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia tithymaloides (devil's backbone) | Present | | | Ismail and Roslen (2021) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Falcataria moluccana (batai wood) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus benghalensis (banyan) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus benjamina (weeping fig) | Present | Native | | Corner (1967); Quattrocchi (2012); Flora of China Editorial Committee (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus elastica (rubber plant) | Present | | | Quattrocchi (2012); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus microcarpa (Indian laurel tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis cymosa (tropical fimbry) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis dichotoma (tall fringe rush) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flacourtia indica (governor's plum) | Present | | | Orwa et al. (2009); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia lineata (wild hops) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia strobilifera (wild hops) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002); WAC (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gmelina arborea (candahar) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphrena globosa (globe amaranth) | Present | | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Grevillea robusta (silky oak) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Haematoxylum campechianum (logwood) | Present | Introduced | | Seegeler (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium indicum (Indian heliotrope) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hemigraphis alternata (red ivy) | Present | Native | | Meyer and Lavergne (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hevea brasiliensis (rubber) | Present | | | FAO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose) | Present | | | Mastoi et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hibiscus tiliaceus (coast cottonwood) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hiptage benghalensis (hiptage) | Present | Native | | PIER (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla) | Present, Widespread | | | Pieterse (1981); Verkleij et al. (1983); Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hygrophila polysperma (Indian swampweed) | Present | Native | | FNW Disseminules (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hylocereus undatus (dragon fruit) | Present | Introduced | | UK, Royal Botanic Gardens (1999) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis brevipes (lesser roundweed) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis suaveolens (pignut) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Impatiens walleriana (busy lizzy) | Present | Introduced | | GRIIS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Gilliland (1971); Holm et al. (1979); Waterhouse (1993); Mcdonald and Chandler (1994); Garrity et al. (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera hirsuta (hairy indigo) | Present | Native | | PIER (2013); Djarwaningsih (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera spicata (creeping indigo) | Present | Native | | Puy et al. (1993); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera suffruticosa (Anil indigo) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera tinctoria (true indigo) | Present | Native | | Bisby et al. (1994); USDA-ARS (2013); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea alba (white moonflower ) | Present | Introduced | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea aquatica (swamp morning-glory) | Present | | | Subramanyam (1962); Chin and Fong (1978); Mackeen et al. (1997); Ong et al. (2011); Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morning glory) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea indica (ocean blue morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea nil (white edge morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea quamoclit (cypress vine) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea triloba (three-lobe morning glory) | Present | | | Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass) | Present, Localized | | | Gilliland et al. (1971); Hakim et al. (2013); Clayton et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ischaemum timorense (centipede grass) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum multiflorum (star jasmine) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum sambac (Arabian jasmine) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha curcas (jatropha) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Caius (1986); Sulaiman et al. (2012); Mastoi et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush) | Present | Introduced | | Padua et al. (1999) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Juncus effusus (common rush) | Present | | | Wu et al. (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe integra (Never die) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kyllinga nemoralis (white kyllinga) | Present | Native | | Kumar (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kyllinga polyphylla (navua sedge) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012); Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) | Present | Introduced | | PFAF (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagerstroemia indica (Indian crape myrtle) | Present | Native | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagerstroemia speciosa (Pride of India) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lantana camara (lantana) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lawsonia inermis (Egyptian privet) | Present | Native | | Orwa et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leersia hexandra (southern cut grass) | Present | | | Pyrah (1969) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna perpusilla (duckweed) | Present | | | Moody (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonurus japonicus (honeyweed) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa chinensis (Chinese sprangletop) | Present | | | Ohwi (1984); Waterhouse (1993); Chuah et al. (2006); Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa fusca (sprangletop) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018); PIER (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lespedeza cuneata (sericea lespedeza) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2020); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena diversifolia | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Hughes (1998); Hughes (1998); World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Limnocharis flava (yellow bur-head) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Moody (1989); Holm et al. (1991); Waterhouse and Mitchell (1998); Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Limnophila chinensis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lindernia crustacea (Malaysian false pimpernel) | Present | | | Baki Hj Bakar (2004); Hakim et al. (2013); USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Litsea glutinosa (Indian laurel) | Present | Native | | PIER (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) | Present | Introduced | | eMonocot (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose) | Present | Native | Invasive | USDA-ARS (2012); Moody (1989); Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia octovalvis (primrose willow) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia peploides (water primrose) | Present | | | GBIF (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Luffa acutangula (angled luffa) | Present | Introduced | | Salleh and Yusof (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Macaranga tanarius (parasol leaf tree) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Maesopsis eminii (umbrella tree) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Malvaviscus arboreus (wax mallow) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mangifera indica (mango) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Manilkara zapota (sapodilla) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009); Mastoi et al. (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Maranta arundinacea (arrowroot) | Present | Introduced | | PROSEA (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Martynia annua (tiger's claw) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Smith (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2013); Moody (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melastoma malabathricum (Banks melastoma) | Present, Localized | | | Waterhouse (1993); Turner et al. (1995); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melia azedarach (Chinaberry) | Present | Native | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis repens (natal redtop) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia peltata | Present | | | Ooststroom and Hoogland (1953) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia umbellata (hogvine) | Present | Native | | Staples (2010); Ooststroom and Hoogland (1953); Barnes and Chan (1990) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Microstegium vimineum (Nepalese browntop) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mikania cordata | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mikania micrantha (bitter vine) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1977); Waterhouse (1993); Ismail (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mikania scandens | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Matsubayashi et al. (2007); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa diplotricha (giant sensitive plant) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1977); Waterhouse and Norris (1987); Parsons and Cuthbertson (1992); Waterhouse (1993); PIER (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993); Anwar (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Moody (1989); Waterhouse (1993); Hamaseh Aliakbarpour and Md Rawi (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock flower) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Hamilton and Holttum (1933) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) | Present | Native | | Scholz (1988); Holm et al. (1997); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Monochoria hastata (hastate-leaved pondweed) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); Hakim et al. (2013); PIER (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Monochoria vaginalis (pickerel weed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Azmi et al. (1992); Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moorochloa eruciformis (sweet signal grass) | Present | Native | | Kumar (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moringa oleifera (horse radish tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) | Present | Native | | Lock and Heald (1994); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry) | Present | Introduced | | Verheij (1989); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murdannia nudiflora (doveweed) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murraya paniculata (orange jessamine) | Present | Native | | PROTA (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mussaenda philippica (Queen of Philippines) | Present | Introduced | | Creuwels (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrot's feather) | Present | Introduced | | Orchard (1981); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nelsonia canescens (blue pussyleaf) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Neonotonia wightii (perennial soybean) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nerium oleander (oleander) | Present | Native | | PROTA (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Neyraudia reynaudiana (burma reed) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2014); Bor (1960) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nymphaea lotus (white Egyptian lotus) | Present | Native | | Plant Gene Resources of Canada (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nypa fruticans (nipa palm) | Present, Planted | Native | | Hyde and Alias (2000); Rozainah and Aslezaeim (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ocimum gratissimum (African basil) | Present | Native | | WCSP (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ocimum tenuiflorum (holy basil) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines) | Present | | | Govaerts (2018); Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oryza rufipogon (wild rice) | Present | | | Moody (1989); Doi et al. (2000); Zhu et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1977); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paederia foetida (skunkvine) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Panicum repens (torpedo grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parthenium hysterophorus (parthenium weed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Rezaul Karim (2014); Karim et al. (2018); Maszura et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1977); Holm et al. (1979); Waterhouse (1993); Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum dilatatum (dallisgrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum distichum (knotgrass) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); Waterhouse (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum scrobiculatum (ricegrass paspalum) | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | Holm et al. (1991); Waterhouse (1993); Hakim et al. (2013); Raya et al. (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum urvillei (Vasey grass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016); Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991); Waterhouse (1993); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Peltophorum pterocarpum (copperpod) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum pedicellatum (deenanath grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1977); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum polystachion (mission grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Bakar et al. (1990) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) | Present | | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Persicaria chinensis (Chinese knotweed) | Present | Native | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Persicaria perfoliata (mile-a-minute weed) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phaius tankervilleae (nun’s-hood orchid) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); eMonocot (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) | Present | | | Mahmodi et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phragmites australis (common reed) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phyllanthus urinaria (leafflower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis angulata (cutleaf groundcherry) | Present | Introduced | | Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry) | Present | Introduced | | Morton (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pimenta dioica (allspice) | Present | | | FAO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus oocarpa (ocote pine) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Piper aduncum (spiked pepper) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) | Present | | Invasive | Waterhouse (1993); PIER (2003); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pithecellobium dulce (Manila tamarind) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plantago major (broad-leaved plantain) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plectranthus scutellarioides (coleus) | Present | | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014); Govaerts (2014); USDA-ARS (2014); Roslan et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pluchea indica (Indian camphorweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Poa annua (annual meadowgrass) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polygonum barbatum (knot grass) | Present | | | Moody (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polygonum hydropiper (marsh pepper) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1997); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca oleracea (purslane) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca pilosa (kiss-me-quick) | Present | Introduced | | Flora of China Editorial Committee (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pseudelephantopus spicatus (false elephant’s foot) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava) | Present | Introduced | | Morton (1987); Diong (1998) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium guajava (guava) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002); FAO (2013); Mastoi et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pterocarpus indicus (red sandalwood) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pterocarpus macrocarpus (Burma padauk) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pueraria montana var. lobata (kudzu) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pueraria phaseoloides (tropical kudzu) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Downy rose-myrtle) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Csurhes and Hankamer (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ricinus communis (castor bean) | Present, Widespread, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass) | Present, Localized | Native | | Millhollon and Burner (1993); Waterhouse (1993); Hala Alloub et al. (2005); USA, USDA-ARS (2008); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus niveus (Mysore raspberry) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus rosifolius (roseleaf raspberry) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sacciolepis indica (glen woodgrass) | Present | Native | | PIER (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sagittaria sagittifolia | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Samanea saman (rain tree) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sanchezia speciosa (shrubby whitevein) | Present | Introduced | | Mohammadjavad Paydar et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sansevieria trifasciata (mother-in-law’s tongue) | Present | Introduced | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012); Kee et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Scaevola taccada (beach naupaka) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schoenoplectus mucronatus (ricefield bulrush) | Present | | | Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna alata (candle bush) | Present | Introduced | | Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna bacillaris (whitebark senna) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna hirsuta (hairy senna) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna multijuga (November shower) | Present, Planted | | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod) | Present | | | Barnes and Chan (1990); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna septemtrionalis (smooth senna) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna siamea (yellow cassia) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna spectabilis (whitebark senna) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna surattensis (golden senna) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania grandiflora (sesbania) | Present, Planted | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania sesban (sesban) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria palmifolia (palm grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria parviflora (knotroot foxtail) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida acuta (sida) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Barnes and Chan (1990); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida repens (Javanese fanpetals) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Fryxell (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum erianthum (potato tree) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum mammosum (nipplefruit nightshade) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum torvum (turkey berry) | Present, Localized | | | Narikawa et al. (1988); Narikawa et al. (1988); Israf et al. (2004); Wiart et al. (2004); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spathoglottis plicata (Philippine ground orchid) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sphenoclea zeylanica (wedgewort) | Present | | | Moody (1989); Hakim et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus tenuissimus (tropical dropseed) | Present | Introduced | | Veldekamp (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta cayennensis (blue snakeweed) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Jamaica vervain) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta urticifolia (rattail) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Moldenke (1980) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sterculia foetida (Java olive) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stictocardia tiliifolia (spottedheart) | Present | Native | | PIER (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Striga asiatica (witch weed) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Synedrella nodiflora (synedrella) | Present | | | Tasrif et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syngonium podophyllum (arrowhead vine) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syzygium cumini (black plum) | Present | Introduced | | Morton (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syzygium jambos (rose apple) | Present | Native | | Morton (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tabebuia rosea (pink poui) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tamarindus indica (tamarind) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tectona grandis (teak) | Present, Planted | | | CABI Data Mining (undated); Farid et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tephrosia candida (white tephrosia) | Present | | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tephrosia vogelii (Vogel's tephrosia) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Themeda arguens (Christmas grass) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thespesia populnea (portia tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tibouchina urvilleana (princessflower) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Toona ciliata (toon) | Present | Native | | Hua and Edmonds (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Toona sinensis (Chinese Toona) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Toxicodendron succedaneum (wax tree) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tridax procumbens (coat buttons) | Present, Localized | | | Barnes and Chan (1990); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triphasia trifolia (limeberry) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tripsacum dactyloides (eastern gamagrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triumfetta rhomboidea (diamond burbark) | Present | Native | | Valkenburg and Bunyapraphatsara (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Turnera ulmifolia (West Indian holly) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha angustifolia (lesser bulrush) | Present | | | Moody (1989); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail) | Present | Introduced | | Global Invasive Species Database (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urena lobata (caesar weed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urena sinuata (bur mallow) | Present | Native | | Valkenburg and Bunyapraphatsara (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa decumbens (signal grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa distachya (signal grass) | Present | Native | | Schultze-Kraft (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa mutica (para grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa reptans (sprawling signalgrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2018); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Utricularia gibba | Present | Native | | Zhenyu and Cheek (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vernicia fordii (tung-oil tree) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vigna marina (beach bean) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vitex parviflora (molave) | Present | Native | | PIER (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vitex rotundifolia (beach vitex) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vitex trifolia | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Xanthosoma sagittifolium (elephant ear) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Xyris complanata (yellow-eyed grass) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Youngia japonica (oriental false hawksbeard) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zingiber montanum (cassumunar ginger) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zingiber officinale (ginger) | Present | Introduced | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2016); Abed-Ashtiani et al. (2016); Ng et al. (2018); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zingiber zerumbet (shampoo ginger) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ziziphus mauritiana (jujube) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zoysia matrella (Manila grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016); Waterhouse (1993) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Alexandrium minutum | Present, Localized | | | Usup et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia caballi | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia equi | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia gibsoni | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Gymnodinium catenatum | Present | | | Anton and Mohamad-Noor (1996) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Plasmodium relictum | Present | Native | | Laird (1998) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Toxoplasma gondii | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Tritrichomonas foetus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma equiperdum | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma evansi | Absent | | | OIE (2018); Luckins (1988); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | African horse sickness virus | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | African swine fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Arterivirus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Virus | | | avian infectious bronchitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); CABI (Undated) |
Virus | | | avian metapneumovirus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Avipoxvirus | Present | | | Ideris and Ibrahim (1986); Karpinski and Clubb (1986); Reed and Schrader (1989) |
Virus | | | Banana bunchy top virus (bunchy top of banana) | Present, Localized | | Invasive | CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Banana streak disease | Present | Native | Invasive | Diekmann and Putter (1996) |
Virus | | | bluetongue virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | bovine herpesvirus 1 | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | bovine leukemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | bovine viral diarrhea virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | camelpox virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | caprine arthritis encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | classical swine fever virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); CABI (Undated) |
Virus | | | Coconut cadang-cadang viroid (cadang cadang disease) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); Vadamalai et al. (2006); Vadamalai et al. (2009); Wu et al. (2013); Sathis Sri Thanarajoo et al. (2014) |
Virus | | | Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus | Present | | | Brunt et al. (1990); Dahal and Albrechtsen (1996); CABI and EPPO (2010) |
Virus | | | Cowpea mild mottle virus (angular mosaic of beans) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2019) |
Virus | | | Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | duck hepatitis A virus | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Virus | | | eastern equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | equid herpesvirus 1 | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | equine arteritis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | equine infectious anaemia virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | equine influenzavirus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | extra small virus | Present | | | Tayebeh Azam Saedi et al. (2012) |
Virus | | | foot-and-mouth disease virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); CABI (Undated) |
Virus | | | fowlpox virus | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Virus | | | Gallid herpesvirus 2 | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Virus | | | infectious bursal disease virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); CABI (Undated) |
Virus | | | infectious myonecrosis virus | Present | | | OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | influenza A virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); CABI (Undated) |
Virus | | | Japanese encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | lumpy skin disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus | Present | | | Tayebeh Azam Saedi et al. (2012) |
Virus | | | myxoma virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Nairobi sheep disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Newcastle disease virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); CABI (Undated) |
Virus | | | Nipah virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Papaya ringspot virus | Present | | | Wahab (1991); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Virus | | | peste des petits ruminants virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | rabies virus | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | Rift Valley fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | rinderpest virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Sugarcane mosaic virus (sugarcane mosaic) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Suid herpesvirus 1 | Absent | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (tomato spotted wilt) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1978); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | transmissible gastroenteritis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | visna/maedi virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | West Nile virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | western equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |