| | | Cucumis dipsaceus (hedgehog gourd) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | USDA-ARS (2016) |
| | | Erythroneura vulnerata | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
| | | yellow head virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Clavibacter michiganensis (bacterial canker of tomato) | Present, Localized | | | Bradbury (1986); Holguín-Peña et al. (2006); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Clavibacter sepedonicus (potato ring rot) | Present | | | Rueda Puente et al. (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Coryne eximia | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (bacterial wilt of dry beans) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2010) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Dermatophilus congolensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (sugarcane ratoon stunting disease) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Bacteroidetes | Paenibacillus larvae | Absent | | | OIE (2019); Djordjevic et al. (1994); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Bacillus anthracis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris (yellow disease phytoplasmas) | Present, Widespread | | | Lee IngMing et al. (1998); Zak et al. (2011); Poghosyan et al. (2015); CABI (Undated); |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae (lethal yellowing (LY)) | Present, Localized | | | Harrison et al. (2002); Narvaez et al. (2006); Aviña-Padilla et al. (2011); Vázquez-Euán et al. (2011); Narváez et al. (2018); Poghosyan et al. (2019); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii (clover proliferation phytoplasma) | Present | | | Reveles-Torres et al. (2018); Mauricio-Castillo et al. (2015); Salas-Muñoz et al. (2016); Swisher et al. (2017); Mauricio-Castillo et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Melissococcus plutonius | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma gallisepticum | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) type | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma synoviae | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Spiroplasma kunkelii (corn stunt spiroplasma) | Present | | | Davis et al. (1981); Bajet and Renfro (1989); CABI and EPPO (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Anaplasma marginale | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella abortus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella melitensis | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella ovis | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella suis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Hepatobacter penaei | Absent | | | OIE (2019); Ibarra-Gámez et al. (2007); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Asian greening) | Present, Localized | | | IPPC (2009); CABI/EPPO (2017); Pérez-Zarate et al. (2020); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (zebra chip) | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | Munyaneza et al. (2009); Munyaneza et al. (2009); Munyaneza et al. (2009); CABI/EPPO (2011); Ling et al. (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | citrus huanglongbing (greening) disease (citrus greening) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2019); CABI (Undated) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Coxiella burnetii | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ehrlichia ruminantium | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Erwinia amylovora (fireblight) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Lopez and Fucikovsky (1990); CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Francisella tularensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Mannheimia haemolytica | Present | | | Pijoan Aguadé and Chávez Durón (2003) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pasteurella multocida | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pseudomonas cichorii (bacterial blight of endive) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1983); Yáñez-Morales et al. (2003); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi (oleander knot) | Present | | Invasive | Bradbury (1986); UK, CAB International (1987) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 (bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (1999) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 (moko disease) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2021) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella Abortusequi | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella abortusovis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella enteritidis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella gallinarum | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella pullorum | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Taylorella equigenitalis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Vibrio parahaemolyticus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); Nunan et al. (2014); Soto-Rodriguez et al. (2015); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (cassava bacterial blight) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (bean blight) | Present, Widespread | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vasculorum (sugarcane gumming disease) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas citri (citrus canker) | Present, Transient under eradication | | | EPPO (2022); Pruvost et al. (1992); Vernière et al. (1998) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas fragariae (angular leaf spot) | Present | | | Fernández-Pavía et al. (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis (bacterial leaf streak of grasses) | Present | | | EPPO (2014) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens (bacterial leaf streak of barley) | Present | | | Bamberg (1936); CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xenohaliotis californiensis | Present, Widespread | | | Caceres-Martinez and Tinoco-Orta (2001); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xylella fastidiosa (Pierce's disease of grapevines) | Present | | | Guevara (1997); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Aphanomyces astaci | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Aphanomyces invadans | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Peronosclerospora sorghi (sorghum downy mildew) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | Invasive | Garza et al. (1985); UK, CAB International (1988); Prom et al. (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Peronospora belbahrii (basil downy mildew) | Present, Localized | | Invasive | CABI and EPPO (2015); Romero Bastidas et al. (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora cinnamomi (Phytophthora dieback) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1991); Tainter et al. (2000); Fernández-Pavía et al. (2013); Hernández-Pérez et al. (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora infestans (Phytophthora blight) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1982); Carter et al. (1990); Goodwin et al. (1999); Jaime-Garcia et al. (2001); Fernández-Pavía et al. (2002); Gavino and Fry (2002); Knapova and Gisi (2002); Vossen et al. (2003); Garay-Serrano et al. (2007); López Orona et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora medicaginis (Phytophthora root rot of lucerne) | Present, Localized | | | Romero (1978); Aguirre et al. (1983) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Plasmopara halstedii (downy mildew of sunflower) | Present | | | Greathead and Greathead (1992); CABI and EPPO (2014) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Plasmopara viticola (grapevine downy mildew) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Alternaria triticina (leaf blight of wheat) | Present | Introduced | | Waller (1981); Herb IMI (undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Apiognomonia errabunda (anthracnose) | Present | | | Alvarado Rosales et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew of grasses and cereals) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2004) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Ceratocystis fimbriata (Ceratocystis blight) | Present, Localized | Native | | Martin (1947); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Claviceps africana (ergot) | Present | Introduced | | Torres and Montez (1997); Bandyopadhyay et al. (1998); CABI and EPPO (2006); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Claviceps fusiformis (pearl millet ergot) | Present | Introduced | | CABI and EPPO (2006) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Colletotrichum acutatum (black spot of strawberry) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2010); Avila-Quezada et al. (2007); Velázquez-Silva et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Diplodia seriata (grapevine trunk disease) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2005); Úrbez-Torres et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Panama disease of banana) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | CABI and EPPO (2015); Czislowski et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (Fusarium wilt) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1982) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusicladium effusum (pecan scab) | Present | Native | | Garza López et al. (1996); CABI/EPPO (2012) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Gibberella circinata (pitch canker) | Present | | | Guerra-Santos (1999); Britz et al. (2001); CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Guignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella dearnessii (brown spot needle blight) | Present | | | Evans (1984); CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Stover and Simmonds (1987); Mourichon and Fullerton (1990); CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella populorum (septoria leaf spot) | Present | | | Romo Lozano et al. (1992); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Phomopsis vexans (Phomopsis blight of eggplant) | Present | | | Mcguire and Crandall (1967); CABI and EPPO (2008); BPI (US National Fungus Collections) (2009) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Pseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Pseudocercospora ulei (South American leaf blight of rubber (SALB)) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Martin (1948); UK, CAB International (1990); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Sphaeropsis sapinea (Sphaeropsis blight) | Present | | | Stanosz et al. (1999); Wet et al. (2000); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Heterobasidion annosum | Present | | | Garbelotto and Chapela (2000) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato (Heterobasidion root rot) | Present, Widespread | Native | | UK, CAB International (1980); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Heterobasidion parviporum | Present | Native | | Garbelotto and Chapela (2000) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Moniliophthora roreri (frosty pod rot) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Phillips-Mora et al. (2006); CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soyabean rust) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); NAPPO (2005); Cárcamo Rodríguez et al. (2006); IPPC (2006); Yáñez Morales et al. (2009); NAPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia graminis (stem rust of cereals) | Present, Widespread | | | BORLAUG (1958); Roelfs (1985) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia horiana (white rust of chrysanthemum) | Present, Few occurrences | | | EPPO (2022); García Velasco et al. (2007); CABI and EPPO (2008); Demers et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia kuehnii (orange rust) | Present, Localized | | | Flores et al. (2009); NAPPO (2010); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Thecaphora solani (potato smut) | Present | Native | | O'Brien and Thirumalachar (1972); Duran (1987); UK, CAB International (1993); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Tilletia indica (Karnal bunt of wheat) | Present, Localized | | | Royer and Rytter (1988); Bonde et al. (1996); UK, CAB International (1996); Gaudet et al. (2001); Riccioni et al. (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Urocystis agropyri (flag smut of wheat) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) | Present, Localized | | | Frías-Alvarez et al. (2008); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Synchytrium endobioticum (wart disease of potato) | Absent, Formerly present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Annelida | Branchiomma curtum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Annelida | Ficopomatus miamiensis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Annelida | Hydroides elegans | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Annelida | Hydroides sanctaecrucis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Annelida | Prionospio malmgreni | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Annelida | Pseudopolydora kempi | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Acarapis woodi (honeybee mite) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); OIE (2009); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aceria guerreronis (coconut mite) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aculops lycopersici (tomato russet mite) | Present | | | Undurraga and Dybas (1988); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aethina tumida | Present | Introduced | | FERA (Food and Environment Research Agency) (2010); OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Agrilus auroguttatus (goldspotted oak borer) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurocanthus woglumi (citrus blackfly) | Present, Widespread | | | Shaw (1950); Mound and Halsey (1978); UK, CAB International (1995); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurodicus cocois (coconut whitefly) | Present | | | Mound and Halsey (1978) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurodicus rugioperculatus (rugose spiralling whitefly) | Present | | | Sánchez-Flores et al. (2017); Sánchez-Flores et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurotrachelus atratus (palm-infesting whitefly) | Present | Introduced | | Evans (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ampelisca abdita | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Amphibalanus improvisus (bay barnacle) | Present | Native | Invasive | Henry and McLaughlin (1975); Espinosa Garduno (1980) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ampithoe longimana | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha fraterculus (South American fruit fly) | Present, Localized | Native | | Wulp (1899); Stone (1942); Bush (1962); Hernández-Ortiz (1992); Aluja et al. (2003); García-Ramírez et al. (2010); Hernández-Ortiz et al. (2015); Scally et al. (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha grandis (South American cucurbit fruit fly) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha ludens (Mexican fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022); Loew (1873); Darby and Kapp (1934); Stone (1942); UK, CAB International (1958); Celedonio-Hurtado et al. (1988); Carroll and Wharton (1989); Hernandez-Ortiz (1992); Epsky (2003); Mangan (2003); Thomas (2003); Rull et al. (2007); García-Ramírez et al. (2010); Ruiz-Montiel et al. (2013); Aluja et al. (2014); Lasa et al. (2014); Ruiz-Arce et al. (2015); Vanoye-Eligio et al. (2015); Déctor et al. (2016); Scally et al. (2016); Vanoye-Eligio et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha obliqua (West Indian fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Aluja et al. (1987); Hernandez-Ortiz (1992); Aluja et al. (2000); Aluja et al. (2003); Aluja et al. (2004); CABI/EPPO (2011); Scally et al. (2016); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha serpentina (sapodilla fruit fly) | Present, Localized | Native | | Stone (1942); Bush and Jr. (1957); Aluja et al. (1987); Hernández-Ortiz (1992); López et al. (1999); CABI and EPPO (2001); Aluja et al. (2003); Epsky (2003); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha striata (guava fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Stone (1942); Aluja et al. (1987); Steck et al. (1990); Aluja et al. (1993); CABI and EPPO (2002); Aluja et al. (2003); Hernández-Ortiz et al. (2006); García-Ramírez et al. (2010); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anoplolepis gracilipes (yellow crazy ant) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anthonomus grandis (Mexican cotton boll weevil) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Jones et al. (1989); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidiella aurantii (red scale) | Present | | | Rose (1990); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidiella orientalis (oriental yellow scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1978); Arriola Padilla et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidomytilus albus (tapioca scale) | Present | Native | | Cockerell (1899); UK, CAB International (1978); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis craccivora (groundnut aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1983) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1968) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1969); Cham et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Apis mellifera | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Apis mellifera scutellata (africanized bee) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Cairns et al. (2005); Nielsen et al. (2000) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Artemia (brine shrimp) | Present | Native | | Van (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966); Miller (1996) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aulacaspis yasumatsui (cycad aulacaspis scale) | Present | | | González-Gómez et al. (2016); Normark et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactericera cockerelli (tomato/potato psyllid) | Present | Native | Invasive | Tuthill (1945); Liu et al. (2006); Munyaneza et al. (2007); Hansen et al. (2008); Ling et al. (2011); Rubio-Covarrubias et al. (2011); Swisher et al. (2013); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera oleae (olive fruit fly) | Present | Introduced | | Nardi et al. (2005); Nardi et al. (2006); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bagrada hilaris (painted bug) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Torres-Acosta and Sánchez-Peña (2016); Sánchez-Peña (2014); Acosta et al. (2016); CABI and EPPO (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Balanus amphitrite (striped barnacle) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly) | Present, Widespread | | | Costa et al. (1993); CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); Holguín-Peña et al. (2004); Alvarez-Ruiz et al. (2007); Mauricio-Castillo et al. (2007); Shatters et al. (2009); Holguín-Peña et al. (2010); McKenzie et al. (2012); Méndez-Lozano et al. (2012); Pineda et al. (2017); Domínguez-Durán et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (MEAM1) (silverleaf whitefly) | Present | | | Costa et al. (1993); Brown et al. (1995); Brown and Idris (2006); Holguín-Peña et al. (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (MED) (silverleaf whitefly) | Present | | | Martinez-Carrillo and Brown (2007); McKenzie et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Blattella germanica (German cockroach) | Present | Introduced | | Espinosa-Islas et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bombus terrestris (bumble bee) | Present | Introduced | | Stout and Goulson (2000); Flanders et al. (2003); Winter et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Boophilus microplus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Brevipalpus lewisi (citrus flat mite) | Present | | | Rodríguez-Navarro et al. (2003); CABI and EPPO (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Brevipalpus phoenicis (false spider mite) | Present | | | Rosas-Acevedo and Sampedro-Rosas (2006); Izquierdo Castillo et al. (2011); CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cactoblastis cactorum (cactus moth) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Callinectes sapidus (blue crab) | Present | Native | | Lázaro-Chávez et al. (1996); Tavares (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) | Absent, Eradicated | | | EPPO (2022); Enkerlin et al. (1989); IPPC (2006); SAGARPA (2014); CABI and EPPO (2015); NAPPO (2019); NAPPO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cherax quadricarinatus (redclaw crayfish) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Cortés-Jacinto et al. (2004); Bortolini et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chilo suppressalis (striped rice stem borer) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chionaspis pinifoliae (pine leaf scale) | Present | Native | | Miller (1996); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus aonidum (circular scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988); Miller (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1969); Schotman (1989); Miller (1996); Myartseva and Ruíz-Cancino (2000) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screw-worm) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cirrospilus ingenuus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm) | Absent, Eradicated | | | Wyss (2000); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Coptotermes gestroi (Asian subterranean termite) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Evans et al. (2013); Ferraz and Mendez-Montiel (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Copturus aguacatae (avocado stem weevil) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Corophium acherusicum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Corythucha ciliata (sycamore lace bug) | Present | | | Palemón-Alberto et al. (2021) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Crocidosema plebejana (cotton tipworm) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cryptotermes brevis (powderpost termite) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Hagen (1858) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Garcia-Rejon et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cylas formicarius (sweet potato weevil) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1970); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dasineura oxycoccana (blueberry gall midge) | Present | | | Hernández et al. (2021); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dendroctonus frontalis (southern pine beetle) | Present, Localized | Native | | CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dendroctonus ponderosae (black hills beetle) | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | Wood (1982); CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dendroctonus pseudotsugae (Douglas-fir beetle) | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | CABI and EPPO (2004); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dendroctonus rufipennis (spruce beetle) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dendroctonus valens (red turpentine beetle) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Cibrian-Tovar et al. (1995); Tovar et al. (1995); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (western corn rootworm) | Present | Native | | Krysan and Smith (1987); CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dialeurodes citri (citrus whitefly) | Present, Localized | | | Mound and Halsey (1978); International Institute of Entomology (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid) | Present, Few occurrences | | | CABI/EPPO (2011); NAPPO (2008); Rodríguez-Palomera et al. (2012); López-Collado et al. (2013); Poghosyan et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Diaspidiotus perniciosus (San José scale) | Present | | | Borchsenius (1966); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Digitonthophagus gazella | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Diuraphis noxia (Russian wheat aphid) | Present | | | Gilchrist and Rodríguez (1984); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | NAPPO (2011); Naranjo-Lázaro et al. (2014); Lasa and Tadeo (2015); CABI and EPPO (2016); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Duponchelia fovealis (Southern European marshland pyralid) | Present, Localized | | | Cruz-Esteban and Rojas (2021) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1972); Gutierrez Ochoa et al. (1993); Ben-Dov (1994); Villatoro-Moreno et al. (2016); Cham et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus neobrevipes (grey pineapple mealybug) | Present | | | Beardsley (1965); Williams and Granara de Willink (1992); García Morales et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Echinothrips americanus | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1975) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Eulachnus rileyi (pine needle aphid) | Present | | | NHM (1974) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Eurylana arcuata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Faxonius virilis (virile crayfish) | Present | Introduced | | Campos-Gonzales (1985) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ferrisia virgata (striped mealybug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966); Rosen (1981); Ben-Dov (1994); Kaydan and Gullan (2012); Villatoro-Moreno et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Forficula auricularia (European earwig) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | Invasive | Pavón-Gozalo et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Frankliniella cephalica | Present | | | Rocha et al. (2012); Ortiz et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) | Present | Native | | Nakahara (1997); Ortiz et al. (2020); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Geococcus coffeae (coffee root mealybug) | Present | | | Caballero and Ramos-Portilla (2018); Williams and Granara de Willink (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Glycaspis brimblecombei (red gum lerp psyllid) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Gobierno del Distrito Federal Mexico (2004); Villa Castillo (2005); Romo Lozano et al. (2007); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Grapholita molesta (Oriental fruit moth) | Present, Transient under eradication | | | NAPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Greenidea ficicola | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gymnandrosoma aurantianum (citrus fruit borer) | Present | | | Adamski and Brown (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gynaikothrips ficorum (Cuban laurel thrips) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1983); Jacot-Guillarmod and Brothers (1986) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Haplaxius crudus (American palm cixiid) | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | Kramer (1979); Howard et al. (1984); Pérez-Hernández et al. (2004); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Harmonia axyridis (harlequin ladybird) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | | Koch et al. (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Heilipus lauri (avocado seed weevil) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022); Castañeda-Vildózola et al. (2009); Castañeda-Vildózola et al. (2013); Castañeda-Vildózola et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Helicoverpa zea (American cotton bollworm) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (black tea thrips) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1961); Johansen (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hemiberlesia lataniae (latania scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1976); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hemiberlesia rapax (greedy scale (USA)) | Present | | | Merrill (1953); Schotman (1989); Miller (1996); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Heteropsylla cubana (leucaena psyllid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Homalodisca vitripennis (glassy winged sharpshooter) | Present, Localized | Native | | Triapitsyn and Phillips (2000); CABI and EPPO (2005); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hyphantria cunea (mulberry moth) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer) | Present | | | Baker (1984); Perfecto and Vandermeer (2006); Cristancho et al. (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hypsipyla grandella (mahogany shoot borer) | Present | | | Sampayo-Maldonado et al. (2019); Marín Hernández et al. (2012); Calixto et al. (2015); CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1971); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Insignorthezia insignis (greenhouse orthezia) | Present | | | Ben-Dov et al. (1998); Arriola Padilla et al. (2016); Caballero and Ramos-Portilla (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ips grandicollis (five-spined bark beetle) | Present, Localized | | | Wood (1982); CABI and EPPO (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle) | Present, Widespread | | | UK, CAB International (1962); Jacques (1988); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Leptocybe invasa (blue gum chalcid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Vanegas-Rico et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Leptoglossus occidentalis (western conifer-seed bug) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Linepithema humile (Argentine ant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza huidobrensis (serpentine leafminer) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza sativae (vegetable leaf miner) | Present | | | Medina et al. (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer) | Present | | | Martinez and Etienne (2002); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (rice water weevil) | Present | Native | | Kuschel (1951); CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Listroderes costirostris (vegetable weevil) | Present | | | Ordaz-Silva et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Litopenaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | Invasive | Matile-Ferrero et al. (2000); García-Valente et al. (2009); González-Gaona et al. (2010); Isiordia-Aquino et al. (2012); CABI and EPPO (2015); Villatoro-Moreno et al. (2016); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Macrobrachium rosenbergii (giant freshwater prawn) | Present | Introduced | | New (2000) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid) | Present | Native | | UK, CAB International (1984) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Megastigmus spermotrophus (Douglas-fir seed chalcid) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Cibrian-Tovar et al. (1995); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Meligethes aeneus (rape beetle) | Present, Localized | | | Connell (1970); Audisio (1993); CABI and EPPO (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Melita nitida | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Mesocyclops pehpeiensis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Metcalfa pruinosa (frosted moth-bug) | Present | | | Duzee (1917); Metcalf and Bruner (1948); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Moina macrocopa | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Monocorophium acherusicum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Monocorophium insidiosum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Monocorophium uenoi | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Monomorium destructor (Singapore ant) | Present | Introduced | | Sánchez Soto (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Mononychellus tanajoa (cassava green mite) | Present | | | Doreste S. (1984); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Mythimna unipuncta (rice armyworm) | Present | Native | | UK, CAB International (1967) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) | Present | | | Smith and Cermeli (1979); UK, CAB International (1979) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Neoleucinodes elegantalis (eggplant stem borer) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nezara viridula (green stink bug) | Present, Widespread | | | UK, CAB International (1970); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nipaecoccus nipae (spiked mealybug) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2005); Arriola Padilla et al. (2016); Villatoro-Moreno et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nipaecoccus viridis (spherical mealybug) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2005); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oryzaephilus surinamensis (saw toothed grain beetle) | Present | | | Champ and Dyte (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paracerceis sculpta | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paracoccus marginatus (papaya mealybug) | Present | Native | | Williams and Granara de Willink (1992); Miller et al. (1999); Pollard (1999); CABI/EPPO (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paraleyrodes minei | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Parapleustes derzhavini | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paratrechina fulva | Present | | | Arcila et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paratrechina longicornis (crazy ant) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Parthenolecanium persicae (peach scale) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm) | Present | | | Schiller et al. (1962); Chapman and Coffin (1964); Zhang (1994); Beasley and Adams (1995); Wang et al. (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Penaeus monodon (giant tiger prawn) | Present | Introduced | | DIAS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pheidole megacephala (big-headed ant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Kempf (1972) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phenacoccus solenopsis (cotton mealybug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Williams and Granara de Willink (1992); Granara de Willink and Szumik (2007); Hodges et al. (2008); Kondo et al. (2008); CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phoracantha recurva (eucalyptus longhorned borer) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Cortés-Aguilar et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phoracantha semipunctata (eucalyptus longhorned borer) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phthorimaea operculella (potato tuber moth) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phyllocnistis citrella (citrus leaf miner) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1986); Legaspi et al. (2001); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pieris rapae (cabbage white butterfly) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1952) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); Arriola Padilla et al. (2016); Cham et al. (2019); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1967) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Polyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mite) | Present | | | Lugo-Sánchez et al. (2019); Sabino-López et al. (2021) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crayfish) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Prostephanus truncatus (larger grain borer) | Present | Native | Invasive | Hodges (1986); UK, CAB International (1995); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudacysta perseae | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudococcus elisae (banana mealybug) | Present | | | Tokihiro (2006); Williams and Granara de Willink (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudococcus viburni (obscure mealybug) | Present | | | Gimpel and Miller (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudodiaptomus marinus | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Jimenez-Perez and Castro-Longoria (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Raoiella indica (red palm mite) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Estrada-Venegas et al. (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhagoletis cingulata (cherry fruit fly) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); Foote (1981); Rull et al. (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhagoletis completa (walnut husk fly) | Present, Localized | | | Foote (1981); Rull et al. (2012); Rull et al. (2013); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhagoletis pomonella (apple maggot) | Present | Native | | Rull et al. (2006); Berlocher and McPheron (1996); Muñiz-Reyes et al. (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Harris mud crab) | Present, Localized | Native | | Williams (1984) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhynchophorus palmarum (South American palm weevil) | Present, Localized | | | Wattanapongsiri (1966); García-Hernández et al. (2003); Landero-Torres et al. (2015); Murguía-González et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer) | Present | | | Corral et al. (1992); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Saissetia oleae (olive scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1952); Ben-Dov (1993) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Schistocerca nitens (gray bird grasshopper) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); Salas-Araiza et al. (2003); Song (2004); Garcia-Gutierrez et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Scirtothrips dorsalis (chilli thrips) | Present | | | Ortiz et al. (2020); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Scirtothrips perseae (avocado thrips) | Present | Native | | CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Scolytus schevyrewi (banded elm bark beetle) | Present | | | Campos-Bolaños et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Scyphophorus acupunctatus (agave weevil) | Present | | | Custodio P. (1944); Vaurie (1971); O'Brien and Wibmer (1982); Ramírez Choza (1984); Camino Lavin et al. (2002); Aquino Bolaños et al. (2014); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sepedomerus macropus (liverfluke snail predator fly) | Present | | | Neff and Berg (1966) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Siphonatrophia cupressi | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Siphoninus phillyreae (ash whitefly) | Present | | | NHM (1992); Myartseva (2006); Myartseva and Lázaro-Castellanos (2011); CABI/EPPO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus granarius (grain weevil) | Present | | | NHM (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus zeamais (greater grain weevil) | Present | | | Champ and Dyte (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitotroga cerealella (grain moth) | Present | | | Tigar et al. (1994) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Solenopsis geminata (tropical fire ant) | Present | Native | | Risch and Carroll (1982); Carroll and Risch (1984); Castillo-Guevara and Rico-Gray (2002); ISSG (2009); Gotzek et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Solenopsis invicta (red imported fire ant) | Present | | | Sánchez-Peña et al. (2005); CABI and EPPO (2010); Salas-Araiza et al. (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sphaeroma quoyanum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sphaeroma walkeri | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera eridania (southern armyworm) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) | Present, Widespread | | | Sifuentes A. (1978); Molina-Ochoa et al. (2001); Molina-Ochoa et al. (2003); Molina-Ochoa et al. (2004); Gurrola-Pérez et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Takecallis taiwanus | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant) | Present | Introduced | | Wetterer (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tecia solanivora (potato tuber moth) | Present | | | Cruz Roblero et al. (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) | Present | | | International Institute of Entomology (1996) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Thaumastocoris peregrinus (bronze bug) | Present | | | Jiménez-Quiroz et al. (2016); Jiménez-Quiroz et al. (2016); CABI and EPPO (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Thrips palmi (melon thrips) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Toumeyella parvicornis (pine tortoise scale) | Present | | | Kondo and Pellizzari (2011); Myartseva and Ruíz-Cancino (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1998); Michaud and Alvarez (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trialeurodes vaporariorum (whitefly, greenhouse) | Present | | | Lopez and Botto (1995); Méndez-Lozano et al. (2012); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trogoderma granarium (khapra beetle) | Absent, Formerly present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tropilaelaps | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Unaspis citri (citrus snow scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1962); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Uroleucon erigeronense | Present | | | Nieto Nafría et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Uroleucon pseudambrosiae | Present | | | Nieto Nafría et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Varroa destructor (Varroa mite) | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); Medina Medina et al. (2002); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Vespula pensylvanica (western yellowjacket) | Present | | | Bohart and Bechtel (1957); Miller (1961); Akre et al. (1980) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Vespula vulgaris (wasp, common) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Viteus vitifoliae (grapevine phylloxera) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Wahlgreniella nervata | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Wasmannia auropunctata (little fire ant) | Present | Native | | ISSG (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborinus saxesenii (fruit-tree pinhole borer) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus volvulus | Present | Native | | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus morigerus (brown twig beetle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Wood and Bright (1992); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Bryozoa | Bugula flabellata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Bryozoa | Bugula neritina (brown bryozoan) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Bryozoa | Schizoporella unicornis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Acanthogobius flavimanus | Present | Introduced | | Lever (1996) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Amatitlania nigrofasciata (convict cichlid) | Present | Introduced | | Froese R and Pauly D (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ambloplites rupestris (rock bass) | Present | Introduced | | Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ameiurus melas (black bullhead) | Present | Native | | Froese and Pauly (2004); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ameiurus natalis | Present, Localized | Introduced | | FAO (1997); Miller et al. (2005); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ammotragus lervia (aoudad) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Anolis sagrei (brown anole) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Aristichthys nobilis (bighead carp) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); FishBase (2004); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Belonesox belizanus (pike killifish) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Miller et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Boa imperator (Central American Boa) | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | López-González (1991); Martínez-Morales and Cuarón (1999); Hynková et al. (2009); Card et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bos bison (American bison) | Present, Localized | Native | | List et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bos taurus (cattle) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bostrichobranchus pilularis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Branta canadensis (Canada goose) | Present, Localized | Native | | Mowbray et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Branta hutchinsii | Present, Localized | Native | | Abraham (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bubulcus ibis (cattle egret) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Canis latrans (Coyote) | Present | Native | | Gese et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Canis lupus familiaris (dogs) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Capra hircus (goats) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Carassius auratus auratus (goldfish) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Carpodacus mexicanus (house finch) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Castor canadensis (beaver) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cervus canadensis (wapiti) | Absent, Formerly present | | | Carrera and Ballard (2003); Long (2003); IUCN (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cervus elaphus (red deer) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | | Gallina and Escobedo-Morales (2009); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Chrysemys picta (painted turtle) | Present | Native | | Van Dijk (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cichlasoma urophthalmum (Mayan cichlid) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Columba livia (pigeons) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) | Present | Introduced | | Shireman and Smith (1983); FAO (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ctenosaura similis (black spiny-tailed iguana) | Present | Native | | Köhler (2003); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cyprinella lutrensis (red shiner) | Present | Native | | Contreras-Balderas and Escalante-C (1984) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cyprinus carpio (common carp) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Welcomme (1988); Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2021) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Didelphis marsupialis (common opossum) | Present, Localized | Native | | IUCN (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Eleutherodactylus planirostris (greenhouse frog) | Present | Introduced | | Schwartz (1974); Cedeño-Vázquez et al. (2014); García-Balderas et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Equus asinus (donkeys) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Equus caballus [ISC] (horse) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Equus ferus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Felis catus (cat) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Gambusia affinis (western mosquitofish) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Froese and Pauly (2008); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Gila orcuttii | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hemidactylus frenatus (common house gecko) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Taylor (1940) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Herichthys cyanoguttatus (Rio Grande cichlid) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Page and Burr (1991); Kullander (2003); Froese R and Pauly D (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2004); FishBase (2005); Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ictalurus furcatus (blue catfish) | Present | Native | | Froese and Pauly (2004); Contreras and Escalante (1984) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) | Present | | | Lyons et al. (1998); Zambrano and Macias-Garcia (2000); Froese and Pauly (2004); Seebens et al. (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Iguana iguana (iguana) | Present | Native | | Leenders (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Lampropeltis californiae (California kingsnake) | Present | Native | | Uetz et al. (2019); Bartz (2012); California Herps (2014); Frick et al. (2016); Verzelen et al. (2017); Nafis (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Lepomis cyanellus (green sunfish) | Present | Native | | NatureServe (2013); USGS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) | Present | Native | | Contreras and Escalante (1984) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Micropterus dolomieu (smallmouth bass) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Pérez-Ponce de León et al. (2000); Froese and Pauly (2004); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (oriental weatherloach) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Molothrus ater (brown-headed cowbird) | Present | | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Molothrus bonariensis (shiny cowbird) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Myiopsitta monachus (monk parakeet) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Mylopharyngodon piceus (black amur) | Present | Native | | Instituto Nacional de la Pesca (1994) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Notropis stramineus | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Odocoileus hemionus (black-tailed deer) | Present, Localized | Native | | Feldhamer et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) | Present | Native | | Cruz-Agüero (1999); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (chinook salmon) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ondatra zibethicus (muskrat) | Present, Localized | Native | | Long (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ophisternon aenigmaticum (obscure swamp eel) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis aureus (blue tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Lyons et al. (1998) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Pullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); FAO (1997); Pullin et al. (1997); Pérez-Ponce de León et al. (2000); Froese and Pauly (2004); Bartley (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ovis aries (sheep) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oxyura jamaicensis (ruddy duck) | Present, Localized | Native | | Johnsgard and Carbonell (1996) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pagrus aurata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Passer domesticus (house sparrow) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Peromyscus fraterculus (Northern Baja deermouse) | Present | Native | | Alvarez-Castaneda et al. (2010); Musser and Carleton (2005); Alvarez-Castaneda et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Perophora japonica | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey) | Present | Native | | Page and Burr (1991) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Phasianus colchicus (common pheasant) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Lever (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) | Present | Native | | Froese and Pauly (2004); USGS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Poecilia latipinna (sailfin molly) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Page and Burr (1991) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Poecilia reticulata (guppy) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2007); Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pomoxis annularis (white crappie) | Present | Introduced | | Welcomme (1988); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pomoxis nigromaculatus (black crappie) | Present | Introduced | | USGS NAS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Procyon lotor (raccoon) | Present, Localized | Native | | Gehrt (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pterois volitans (lionfish) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Schofield (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pterygoplichthys anisitsi (southern sailfin catfish) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus (vermiculated sailfin catfish) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus (Orinoco sailfin catfish) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Amazon sailfin catfish) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Puntius titteya | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pylodictis olivaris (flathead catfish) | Present | Native | | Froese and Pauly (2004); Page and Burr (1991) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rachycentron canadum (cobia) | Present | Native | | Diario Oficial (2011); IUCN (2017); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rana catesbeiana (American bullfrog) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Kellog (1932); Smith and Taylor (1948); Flores Nava (2005); Mexico, CONABIO (2008); Kraus (2009); Santos-Barrera et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rattus norvegicus (brown rat) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rattus rattus (black rat) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rhinella marina (cane toad) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Salvelinus fontinalis (brook trout) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2004); Froese and Pauly (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Sciaenops ocellatus (red drum) | Present | Native | | Instituto Nacional de la Pesca (1994); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Sciurus aberti (Abert's squirrel) | Present | Native | | Allred (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Sciurus niger (fox squirrel) | Present, Localized | Native | | Koprowski (1994) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Streptopelia decaocto (Eurasian collared-dove) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); BirdLife International (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Sturnus vulgaris (common starling) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Natureserve (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Sus scrofa [ISC] (feral pig) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Zavaleta (2002); Long (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Thorichthys ellioti | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Thorichthys meeki (firemouth cichlid) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Page and Burr (1991); Conkel (1993); Artigas Azas (2011); Froese R and Pauly D (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tilapia zillii (redbelly tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Trachemys scripta elegans (red-eared slider) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tyto alba (Barn owl) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Bruce (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Vulpes vulpes (red fox) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Xiphophorus hellerii | Present, Widespread | Native | | Page and Burr (1991); Froese and Pauly (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Xiphophorus maculatus (southern platyfish) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Page and Burr (1991) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Cnidaria | Cordylophora caspia (freshwater hydroid) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Cnidaria | Obelia dichotoma | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Cnidaria | Phyllorhiza punctata (Australian spotted jellyfish) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Cnidaria | Tubastraea coccinea (orange-cup coral) | Present | | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Arcuatula senhousia (Asian date mussel) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Cohen (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Corbicula fluminea (Asian clam) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Cornu aspersum (common garden snail) | Present | Introduced | | Reichling (1950); Godan (1983) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Crassostrea virginica (eastern oyster) | Present | Introduced | | Kennedy et al. (1996); Marcet et al. (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Crepidula fornicata (American slipper limpet) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Walne (1956) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Deroceras invadens (tramp slug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Hutchinson et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Deroceras laeve (meadow slug) | Present, Few occurrences | Native | | White-McLean and Redford (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Minchin et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Limax maximus (leopard slug) | Present | Introduced | | Baker (1930) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Magallana gigas (Pacific oyster) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Haro et al. (1981); Baquiero (1997) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Myosotella myosotis (marsh snail) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Mytilopsis sallei (Caribbean false mussel) | Present | Introduced | | Marelli and Berrend (1978); Salgado-Barragan and Toledano-Granados (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Mytilus galloprovincialis (Mediterranean mussel) | Present | Introduced | | DIAS (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Petricolaria pholadiformis (false angel wing) | Present | Native | | Hill et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pinctada imbricata radiata (rayed pearl oyster) | Present | Native | | Leal (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail) | Present | Introduced | | Campos et al. (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Aphelenchoides besseyi (rice leaf nematode) | Present | | | Preciado Castillo (1953); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Aphelenchoides fragariae (strawberry crimp nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi (Chrysanthemum foliar eelworm) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Belonolaimus longicaudatus (sting nematode) | Present | | | Smart and Nguyen (1991); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pine wilt nematode) | Present | Native | | Dwinell (1993); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Ditylenchus destructor (potato tuber nematode) | Present, Localized | | | CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Ditylenchus dipsaci (stem and bulb nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Pacheco Covarrubias (1986); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Globodera pallida (white potato cyst nematode) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Globodera rostochiensis (yellow potato cyst nematode) | Present, Localized | | | Iverson (1972); Desgarennes et al. (2009); CABI/EPPO (2011); Oro et al. (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Globodera tabacum (tobacco cyst nematode) | Present | | | Becerra and Sosa-Moss (1976); CABI and EPPO (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Helicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode) | Present | | | WEHUNT and EDWARDS (1968); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2003); Martínez-Gallardo et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne chitwoodi (columbia root-knot nematode) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne enterolobii (Pacara earpod tree root-knot nematode) | Present | | | Villar-Luna et al. (2016); Ramírez-Suárez et al. (2014); Martínez Gallardo et al. (2015); Ramirez-Suarez et al. (2016); Martínez-Gallardo et al. (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne hapla (root knot nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Sosa Moss (1985); CABI and EPPO (2002); Martínez Gallardo et al. (2014); Martínez-Gallardo et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm) | Present | | | Sosa Moss (1985); CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Pratylenchus coffeae (banana root nematode) | Present, Localized | | | Knobloch and Laughlin (1973); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode) | Present | | | TABOADA and CABALLERO (1968); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus (red ring nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Alcocer (1955); Noriega C. et al. (1991); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Trichinella | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Tylenchulus semipenetrans (citrus root nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Gonzales Herrera (1970); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Bothriocephalus acheilognathi | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | López-Jiménez (1981) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus granulosus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus multilocularis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Gyrodactylus salaris | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Taenia solium | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Porifera | Mycale grandis (orange keyhole sponge) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila abortus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila psittaci | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Chlorophyta | Caulerpa taxifolia (killer algae) | Present | | | Guiry and Guiry (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Chlorophyta | Ulva fasciata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Chlorophyta | Ulva pertusa | Present | | | Aguilar-Rosas et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Phaeophyta | Sargassum muticum (wire weed) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Espinoza (1990) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Phaeophyta | Undaria pinnatifida (Asian kelp) | Present | Introduced | | Aguilar-Rosas et al. (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Adiantum raddianum (delta maidenhair fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Angiopteris evecta (king fern) | Present | Introduced | | Christenhusz and Toivonen (2008); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Azolla filiculoides (water fern) | Present | Native | | Svenson (1944); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Blechnum appendiculatum (palm fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Ceratopteris thalictroides (watersprite) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Christella dentata (soft fern) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Macrothelypteris torresiana (swordfern) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Nephrolepis brownii (Asian swordfern) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteridium aquilinum (bracken) | Present | Native | | Crane (1990); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2019); Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia auriculata (giant salvinia) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia minima | Present | | | GBIF (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia molesta (kariba weed) | Present | | Invasive | Mora-Olivo and Yatskievych (2009); GBIF (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Acanthophora spicifera | Present | Native | | Taylor (1960) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Grateloupia turuturu | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Aguilar-Rosas et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Kappaphycus | Present | Introduced | | Muñoz et al. (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abelmoschus moschatus (musk mallow) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Fryxell (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abronia fragrans | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abrus precatorius (rosary pea) | Present | Introduced | | PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon hirtum (Indian mallow) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015); Fryxell (1988); Achigan-Dako (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon indicum (country mallow) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia angustissima (prairie acacia) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia crassicarpa (northern wattle) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia decurrens (green wattle) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CSIRO (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia farnesiana (huisache) | Present | Native | Invasive | Holm et al. (1991); ILDIS (2002); Martínez-Sánchez et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia glauca (wild dividivi) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia longifolia (golden wattle) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mangium (brown salwood) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Flora Mesoamericana (2016); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia saligna (coojong) | Present | Introduced | | Duke (1983); Dommergues et al. (1999); ISSG (2016); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthocereus tetragonus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthospermum australe (spiny-bur) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acer negundo (box elder) | Present | Native | | Rosario (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Achillea millefolium (yarrow) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Achyranthes aspera (devil's horsewhip) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Adonidia merrillii (Christmas palm) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Mexico, CONABIO (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aegilops cylindrica | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | SAGAR (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aeschynomene americana (shyleaf) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave americana (century plant) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave fourcroydes (henequen) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave sisalana (sisal hemp) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave vivipara (Caribbean agave) | Present | Native | | García-Mendoza and Chiang (2003); Figueroa-Castro et al. (2016); Figueroa-Castro et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agdestis clematidea (rockroot) | Present | Native | | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratina adenophora (Croftonweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2004); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratina riparia (mistflower) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); JOHNSON (1971) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum houstonianum (Blue billygoatweed) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agrostis avenacea (Pacific bent grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ailanthus altissima (tree-of-heaven) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aira caryophyllea (silver hairgrass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia adinocephala (cream albizia) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016); ILDIS (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | CABI (Undated); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia niopoides (silk tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aleurites moluccanus (candlenut tree) | Present | Introduced | | Pérez et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Allamanda cathartica (yellow allamanda) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Allium neapolitanum (False onion weed) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aloe vera (true aloe) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CONABIO (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alopecurus myosuroides (black-grass) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aloysia citrodora (lemon verbena) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alpinia purpurata (red ginger) | Present | Introduced | | García-Mendoza and Meave Castillo (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera caracasana | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera halimifolia (hairy joyweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera pungens (Khaki weed) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alysicarpus vaginalis (alyce clover) | Present | | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus acutilobus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus cruentus (red amaranth) | Present | Native | | Hernández Bermejo and León (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus dubius (spleen amaranth) | Present | Native | | Sánchez-del Pino et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus hybridus (smooth pigweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991); Ávila-Alistac et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer amaranth) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991); Alvarez-Ruiz et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991); Davidse et al. (2015); Ávila-Alistac et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) | Present | Introduced | | Allard (1943); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ambrosia confertiflora | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ambrosia peruviana (Peruvian ragweed) | Present | Native | | Flora Mesoamericana (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ambrosia psilostachya (perennial ragweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ambrosia trifida (giant ragweed) | Present | | | Strother (2006); USDA-ARS (2016); USDA-NRCS (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amorpha fruticosa (false indigo-bush) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ampelopsis arborea (peppervine) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amphiachyris dracunculoides | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amsinckia intermedia | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Anagallis arvensis (scarlet pimpernel) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Andropogon glomeratus (bushy bluestem) | Present | Native | Invasive | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Andropogon virginicus (broomsedge) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Anethum graveolens (dill) | Present | Introduced | | Flora Mesoamericana (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona cherimola (cherimoya) | Present | | | Agustín (1999); Morton (1987); Randall (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona glabra (pond apple) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona muricata (soursop) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Flora Mesoamericana (2014); Cham et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona reticulata (bullock's heart) | Present | Introduced | | Morton (1987); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Ruiz-Montiel et al. (2013); Flora Mesoamericana (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona squamosa (sugar apple) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009); Hanelt et al. (2001); Flora Mesoamericana (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Anredera cordifolia (Madeira vine) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013); Missouri Botanical Garden (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Antigonon leptopus (coral vine) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Apodanthera aspera | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aralia racemosa | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arceuthobium abietinum (fir dwarf mistletoe) | Present, Few occurrences | Native | Invasive | Hawksworth and Wiens (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arceuthobium campylopodum (western dwarf misletoe) | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | Hawksworth and Wiens (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arceuthobium douglasii (Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe) | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | Hawksworth and Wiens (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arceuthobium vaginatum (southwestern dwarf mistletoe) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Hawksworth and Wiens (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argemone ochroleuca (pale Mexican pricklypoppy) | Present, Widespread | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristida ternipes (spidergrass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristolochia elegans (elegant Dutchman’s pipe) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Flora Mesoamericana (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristolochia ringens (Dutchman’s pipe) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arrhenatherum elatius (false oat-grass) | Present | Introduced | | Weed Futures (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arthraxon hispidus (small carpetgrass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-NRCS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arthraxon quartinianus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) | Present, Planted | | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) | Present | | | Hernandez-Morales et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arundo donax (giant reed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | USDA-ARS (2007); Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asclepias curassavica (bloodflower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Standley and Williams (1969); Holm et al. (1997); USDA-ARS (2013); Martínez-Sánchez et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus asparagoides (bridal creeper) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus falcatus (sicklethorn) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus setaceus (asparagus fern) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asphodelus tenuifolius (onionweed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aster lanceolatus (Narrow-leaved michaelmas daisy) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Atriplex semibaccata (Australian saltbush) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Atriplex suberecta (peregrine saltbush) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Avena fatua (wild oat) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); Hafliger and Scholz (1981) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Avena sterilis (winter wild oat) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Averrhoa bilimbi (bilimbi) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Axonopus compressus (carpet grass) | Present, Widespread | | | Manidool (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Axonopus fissifolius | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Azadirachta indica (neem tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Baccharis halimifolia (groundsel-bush) | Present, Localized | | | USDA-NRCS (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bacopa monnieri (water hyssop) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa tuldoides (punting pole bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | Judziewicz et al. (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Basella alba (malabar spinach) | Present | Introduced | | ZipcodeZoo (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Batis maritima (saltwort) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia monandra (Napoleon's plume) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia purpurea (purple bauhinia) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia variegata (mountain ebony) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Begonia nelumbiifolia (lilypad begonia) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016); Hoover (1976) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bidens aurea | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bidens frondosa (beggarticks) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bidens pilosa (blackjack) | Present | Native | | Vibrans (2018); Holm et al. (1979); Ávila-Alistac et al. (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bixa orellana (annatto) | Present | Native | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bocconia frutescens (plume poppy) | Present, Widespread | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia coccinea (scarlet spiderling) | Present | Native | | Struwig and Siebert (2013); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Borreria latifolia (broadleaf buttonweed) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa bladhii (Caucasian bluestem) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa ischaemum (yellow bluestem) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa pertusa (pitted beard grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa saccharoides | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bougainvillea spectabilis (great bougainvillea) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica juncea (mustard) | Present | Introduced | | Duke (1983); Missouri Botanical Garden (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica nigra (black mustard) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica rapa (field mustard) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2018); Vibrans (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (turnip rape) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica tournefortii (African mustard) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Breynia disticha (snowbush) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Steinmann (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bromelia pinguin (wild pineapple) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bromus diandrus (great brome) | Present | | | Mejía-Saulés et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bromus hordeaceus (soft brome) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bromus japonicus (Japanese brome) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bromus madritensis (compact brome) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bromus rigidus (ripgut brome) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bromus rubens (red brome) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Hitchcock (1944); Gibbs Russel et al. (1955); Holmgren and Holmgren (1977); Tselev (1984); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bromus secalinus (rye brome) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2016); eMonocot (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bromus tectorum (downy brome) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Wiggins (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brugmansia candida (angel's trumpet) | Present | Introduced | | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brugmansia suaveolens (white angel's trumpet) | Present | Introduced | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Buddleja madagascariensis (smokebush) | Present | Introduced | | Norman (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cabomba caroliniana (Carolina fanwort) | Present | | | GBIF (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia violacea (brasiletto) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calceolaria chelidonioides | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calceolaria tripartita | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calliandra houstoniana (calliandra) | Present | Native | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calliandra houstoniana var. calothyrsus (calliandra) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Callisia fragrans (basketplant) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Callisia repens (creeping inch-plant) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calopogonium caeruleum (jicama) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calotropis procera (apple of sodom) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | World Agroforestry Centre (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Camelina sativa | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Campanula rotundifolia | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Flora Mesoamericana (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) | Present | Native | | Sauer (1964); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia gladiata (sword bean) | Present | Introduced | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canna indica (canna lilly) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canna x generalis (canna lily) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Capsicum annuum (bell pepper) | Present | | | FAO (2009); Velásquez-Valle (2001); Cardenas-Conejo et al. (2010); Reveles Torres et al. (2012); González Franco et al. (2014); USDA-ARS (2014); Albañil Juárez et al. (2015); Martínez-Sánchez et al. (2016); Swisher et al. (2016); Villar-Luna et al. (2016); Mauricio-Castillo et al. (2017); Pérez-Acevedo et al. (2017); Swisher et al. (2017); Sabino-López et al. (2021) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardamine flexuosa (wavy bittercress) | Present | Introduced | | ISSG (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardiospermum grandiflorum (balloon vine) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Carludovica palmata (Panama hat plant) | Present | | | IUCN (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Carpobrotus chilensis (sea fig) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Carpobrotus edulis (hottentot fig) | Present | Introduced | | GISP (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cascabela thevetia (yellow oleander) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum) | Present | Introduced | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia grandis (pink shower) | Present | Native | | Janick and Paull (2008); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia javanica (pink shower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Castilla elastica (Mexican rubber tree) | Present, Widespread | Native | | USDA-ARS (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina cunninghamiana (Australian beefwood) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002); Equihua Martínez et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2015); Alvarez-Rodriguez et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cecropia peltata (trumpet tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-NRCS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar) | Present, Localized | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Arriaga et al. (2004); Clayton et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus echinatus (southern sandbur) | Present | | | Moreno-Casasola (1988); Hall and Vandiver (1991); Holm et al. (1991); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus longispinus (Spiny burrgrass) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus spinifex | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centaurea melitensis (Maltese starthistle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Mexico, CONABIO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort) | Present | | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ceratophyllum demersum (coontail) | Present | | | UK, Kew Herbarium (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cestrum aurantiacum (orange cestrum) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cestrum diurnum (day jessamine) | Present | Introduced | | Martínez et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cestrum elegans (purple cestrum) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cestrum nocturnum (night jessamine) | Present | | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chamaecrista nictitans (sensitive partridge pea) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chamaedorea elegans (parlour palm) | Present | Native | | Govaerts et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chasmanthium latifolium | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chenopodium album (fat hen) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991); Ávila-Alistac et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chenopodium berlandieri | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chenopodium murale (nettleleaf goosefoot) | Present, Widespread | | | Anaya et al. (1987); Ávila-Alistac et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris barbata (purpletop chloris) | Present | | | Hafliger and Scholz (1981) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Cerros-Tlatilpa et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris radiata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris virgata (feather finger grass) | Present | Native | | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (1998) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) | Present | Native | | Gautier (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon) | Present | Introduced | | USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cirsium arvense (creeping thistle) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cirsium mexicanum (Mexican thistle) | Present | Native | | Pruski (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cissus verticillata (possum grape vine) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citharexylum ellipticum (anacahuita) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantiifolia (lime) | Present | | | FAO (2013); Hernández-Montiel and Ochoa (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantium (sour orange) | Present | | | FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clarkia purpurea | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome rutidosperma (fringed spiderflower) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome viscosa (Asian spiderflower) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Tucker and Vanderpool (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum bungei (rose glorybower) | Present | Introduced | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum chinense (Chinese glory bower) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum speciosissimum (Java glory bower) | Present | Introduced | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum thomsoniae (bleeding glory bower) | Present | Introduced | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clidemia hirta (Koster's curse) | Present | Native | | Wester and Wood (1977); Missouri Botanical Garden (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clitoria ternatea (butterfly-pea) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clusia rosea | Present | Native | | Riffle (1998); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cocos nucifera (coconut) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Mexico, CONABIO (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Colocasia esculenta (taro) | Present | Introduced | | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Colubrina asiatica (latherleaf) | Present | Introduced | | ISSG (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina coelestis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina diffusa (spreading dayflower) | Present | | | Ciba Geigy (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conium maculatum (poison hemlock) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2015); USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Convolvulus arvensis (bindweed) | Present, Localized | | | Martínez-Sánchez et al. (2016); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza bonariensis (hairy fleabane) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); USDA-ARS (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza sumatrensis (tall fleabane) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cordia alliodora (Ecuador laurel) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cordia obliqua (clammy cherry) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cornus sericea (redosier dogwood) | Present, Localized | Native | | USDA-NRCS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cortaderia selloana (pampas grass) | Present | Introduced | | Mexico, CONABIO (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cosmos caudatus (wild cosmos) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Melchert (1990) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cosmos sulphureus (sulphur cosmos) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Costus spicatus (spiked spiralflag ginger) | Present | | | Cruz and Dirzo (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cotula coronopifolia (brassbuttons) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora (montbretia) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts and Barker (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria maypurensis (rattlebox weed) | Present | Native | | Avendaño (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria retusa (rattleweed) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria spectabilis (showy rattlepod) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Croton argenteus (silver July croton) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crypsis schoenoides (swamp pricklegrass) | Present | Introduced | | eMonocot (2015); GBIF (2015); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crypsis vaginiflora (African pricklegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Randall (2012); eMonocot (2015); GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cryptostegia grandiflora (rubber vine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Missouri Botanical Garden (2003); Davidse et al. (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cryptostegia madagascariensis (Madagascar rubbervine) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cucumis anguria (West Indian gherkin) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-NRCS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cucurbita foetidissima | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuphea carthagenensis (Colombian waxweed) | Present | Introduced | | Matuda (1950); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuphea hyssopifolia (false heather) | Present | Native | | Flora, Mesoamericana (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuphea ignea | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuphea lanceolata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cupressus arizonica (Arizona cypress) | Present | Native | | Sullivan (1993); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cupressus sempervirens (Mediterranean cypress) | Present | Introduced | | Breedlove (1986) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuscuta campestris (field dodder) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyanthillium cinereum (little ironweed) | Present | Introduced | | Vibrans (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyathula prostrata (pasture weed) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyclanthera pedata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cylindropuntia imbricata (imbricate prickly pear) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cylindropuntia rosea (hudson pear) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Walters et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) | Present | Introduced | | Sánchez-Ken et al. (2012); Berlin et al. (1974) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon nardus (citronella grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | eMonocot (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynara cardunculus (cardoon) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2016); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); Ordaz-González et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon nlemfuensis (African Bermuda-grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon plectostachyus (African stargrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus aggregatus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus imbricatus (shingle flatsedge) | Present | Introduced | | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus meyenianus (Meyen's flatsedge) | Present | | | Schwirkowski (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus odoratus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus papyrus (papyrus) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Bonilla-Barbosa (2013); GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Vibrans (2009); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Vibrans (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dahlia imperialis (bell tree dahlia) | Present | Native | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dalea scandens (low prairie clover) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura ferox (fierce thornapple) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura innoxia (downy thorn apple) | Present | Native | | USDA-NRCS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura inoxia (Downy Thornapple) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura metel (Hindu datura) | Present | | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura stramonium (jimsonweed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Alvarez-Ruiz et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Daucus carota (carrot) | Present | | | Escobar-Avila et al. (2017); Swisher et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Delonix regia (flamboyant) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Descurainia sophia (flixweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2016); GBIF (2016); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Desmodium incanum (creeping beggerweed) | Present | | | Dalle and Blois (2006); ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Desmodium intortum (Green-leaf desmodium) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium annulatum (Kleberg's bluestem) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium aristatum (angelton bluestem) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dieffenbachia seguine (dumb cane) | Present | Native and Introduced | | Cuartas-Hernández and Núñez-Farfán (2006); Croat (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria bicornis (Asian crabgrass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria eriantha (pangola grass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria velutina (velvet fingergrass) | Present | | | Eggler (1948); Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Diodia teres (poorjoe) | Present | Native | | NYBG (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea alata (white yam) | Present | Introduced | | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato) | Present | Introduced | | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dolichandra unguis-cati (cat's claw creeper) | Present | Native | | Ulloa (2016); Martínez-Sánchez et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dombeya wallichii (pink ball) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017); González and Ornelas (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dracaena fragrans (corn plant) | Present | Introduced | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Drymaria cordata (tropical chickweed) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997); Valdes and Franco (1998); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Duranta erecta (golden dewdrop) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dysphania ambrosioides (Mexican tea) | Present | Native | | Vibrans (2011); Ortega-Acosta et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa colona (junglerice) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Vibrans (2009); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa crus-pavonis (gulf cockspur grass) | Present | Native | | Tropicos (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa pyramidalis | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Zuloaga and Morrone (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinodorus cordifolius | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eclipta prostrata (eclipta) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Egeria densa (leafy elodea) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia azurea (anchored water hyacinth) | Present | Native | | UK, Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew) (2009); USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009); USDA-ARS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Gopal (1987); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian olive) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm) | Present | | | FAO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elephantopus mollis (elephant's foot) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eleusine indica (goose grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elodea canadensis (Canadian pondweed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elymus pycnanthus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia coccinea (scarlet tasselflower) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia fosbergii (Florida tassel-flower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Vibrans (2019); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Entada gigas (sea-bean) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Epilobium ciliatum (northern willowherb) | Present | Native | | USDA-NRCS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Epiphyllum oxypetalum (dutchman's-pipe cactus) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis amabilis (Japanese lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Peterson and Vega (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis atrovirens (thalia lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis ciliaris (gophertail lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Giraldo Cañas et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis lehmanniana (Lehmann lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Beetle (1977); Espejo Serna and Valdés-Reyna (2000); Peterson and Valdés-Reyna (2005); Herrera Arrieta and Cortés Ortiz (2010); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis pectinacea | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis unioloides (Chinese lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2018); Giraldo Cañas et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erechtites glomerata (fireweed) | Present | | | ZipcodeZoo (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erechtites hieraciifolius (American burnweed) | Present | Native | | Flora, Mesoamericana (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erechtites valerianifolius (tropical burnweed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2012); Belcher (1956) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eremochloa ophiuroides (centipedegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erigeron karvinskianus (Karwinsky’s fleabane) | Present | Native | | Candolle (1836); Standley (1926); Rzedowski and McVaugh (1966); Labat (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erigeron speciosus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Naturalized | CABI (Undated); Klopfenstein et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eriochloa acuminata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erodium cicutarium (common storksbill) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erythrina berteroana (coralbean) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Fierros and Musalem (1978) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus globulus (Tasmanian blue gum) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eugenia uniflora (Surinam cherry) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euonymus fortunei (wintercreeper) | Present | Native | | Zouhar (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia davidii | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia) | Present | | | Ávila-Alistac et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Vázquez-Marrufo et al. (2014); Vázquez-Marrufo et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia hypericifolia (graceful spurge) | Present | Native | | PIER (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia leucocephala (white Christmas bush) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia milii (crown-of-thorns) | Present | Introduced | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia tirucalli (Indian-tree spurge) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia tithymaloides (devil's backbone) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia umbellata (African milk bush) | Present | Introduced | | Breedlove (1986) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Falcataria moluccana (batai wood) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) | Present | Introduced | | eMonocot (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus benjamina (weeping fig) | Present | | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014); Fernández-Herrera et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus carica (common fig) | Present | | | Weber (2003); FAO (2009); Minafra et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus elastica (rubber plant) | Present | | | Quattrocchi (2012); Flora Mesoamericana (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus microcarpa (Indian laurel tree) | Present | Introduced | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014); Weber (2003); WBN Flora Database (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus religiosa (sacred fig tree) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013); Flora Mesoamericana (2015); Moreno-Velázquez et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry) | Present | Native | | Darrow (1966) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fraxinus uhdei (tropical ash) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Funtumia elastica (West African rubber tree) | Present | Introduced | | ZipcodeZoo (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gaillardia pulchella (Indian blanket) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Martínez D. et al. (1983); Amador-Ramírez (2002); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galinsoga quadriradiata (shaggy soldier) | Present | Native | Invasive | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galphimia glauca (goldshower) | Present | Native | | Anderson (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galphimia gracilis (goldshower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Garcia nutans (false tung oil tree) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gilia capitata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gleditsia triacanthos (honey locust) | Present, Planted | Native | | Briones V. (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2002); WAC (2005); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Glyceria striata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gmelina arborea (candahar) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphocarpus physocarpus (balloon cotton bush) | Present | Introduced | | García-Mendoza and Meave Castillo (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphrena globosa (globe amaranth) | Present | Introduced | | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphrena serrata (arrasa con todo) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gossypium barbadense (Gallini cotton) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Grevillea robusta (silky oak) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gymnocoronis spilanthoides (Senegal tea plant) | Present | Native | | PIER (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gypsophila paniculata (baby’s breath) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Haematoxylum campechianum (logwood) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hedera helix (ivy) | Present | | | Tovar-Pedraza et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hedychium coronarium (white butterfly ginger lily) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Helanthium tenellum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Helenium quadridentatum (longdisk sneezeweed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Helianthus annuus (sunflower) | Present | | | FAO (2009); Velásquez-Valle (2001); Velázquez-del Valle et al. (2017); Poudel et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Helianthus ciliaris (Texas blueweed) | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | Salinas (1981); USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Helianthus debilis (beach sunflower) | Present | | | Compositae Working Group (CWG) (2021) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliconia bihai (macaw flower) | Present | Introduced | | Pérez et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliocarpus americanus (white moho) | Present, Localized | Native | | Lay (1949); USDA-ARS (2012); Grandtner and Chevrette (2013); Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliocarpus donnellsmithii (majagua) | Present | Native | | Villaseñor Ríos (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium indicum (Indian heliotrope) | Present | | | Birecka et al. (1980) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hemerocallis fulva (tawny daylily) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heteranthera dubia | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heteropogon contortus (spear grass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heterotheca grandiflora (telegraph weed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heuchera sanguinea | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hevea brasiliensis (rubber) | Present | | | FAO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hibiscus elatus (blue mahoe) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Weaver and Francis (1989); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hirschfeldia incana (shortpod mustard) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Holcus lanatus (common velvet grass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013); PIER (2013); USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hordeum jubatum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hordeum pusillum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hunnemannia fumariifolia (Mexican tulip poppy) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Novelo and Martínez (1989); Camarena M. and Aguilar Z. (1999); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hydrocotyle ranunculoides (floating pennywort) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | | McChesney (1994); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hygrophila polysperma (Indian swampweed) | Present | Introduced | | Kasselmann (1994); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hylocereus undatus (dragon fruit) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2020); Ortiz-Hernández (1999) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hymenachne amplexicaulis (hymenachne) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Pohl (1994); Kew Herbarium Catalogue (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015); PIER (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hypochaeris radicata (cat's ear) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis brevipes (lesser roundweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis spicigera (black sesame) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis suaveolens (pignut) | Present | Native | Invasive | GBIF (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam) | Present | Introduced | | Flora Mesoamericana (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Impatiens walleriana (busy lizzy) | Present | Introduced | | Christenhusz MJM (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera hirsuta (hairy indigo) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Randall (2012); PIER (2013); Flora Mesoamericana (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera spicata (creeping indigo) | Present | Introduced | | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera suffruticosa (Anil indigo) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera trita (Asian indigo) | Present | | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea alba (white moonflower ) | Present | Native | | Staples (2017); Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morning glory) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea carnea | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (bush morning glory) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea hederifolia (scarlet-creeper ) | Present | Native | | Staples (2016); Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea indica (ocean blue morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Vibrans (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea nil (white edge morning-glory) | Present | Native | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea purpurea (tall morning glory) | Present | Native | | Vibrans (2009); Ávila-Alistac et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea quamoclit (cypress vine) | Present | Native | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea sagittata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea triloba (three-lobe morning glory) | Present | | | Austin (1978) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea wrightii | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ixora finlaysoniana (white jungle flame) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jacaranda mimosifolia (jacaranda) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum fluminense (Brazilian jasmine) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum multiflorum (star jasmine) | Present | Introduced | | Green (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum sambac (Arabian jasmine) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha curcas (jatropha) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008); Cisneros-López et al. (2012); Nolasco Gúzman et al. (2013); Herrera-Parra et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Howard (1989); CSIRO (1998); Francis (2005); USDA-ARS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Juncus effusus (common rush) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Balslev (1996); Kirschner (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Juncus ensifolius (swordleaf rush) | Present, Localized | Native | | Brooks and Clemants (2000); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Juncus tenuis (slender rush) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Justicia pectoralis (freshcut) | Present | Native | | Daniel (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe daigremontiana (devil's backbone) | Present | Introduced | | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe delagoensis (chandelier plant) | Present | Introduced | | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe pinnata (cathedral bells) | Present | Introduced | | Boiteau and Allorge-Boiteau (1995); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Koeleria macrantha | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Red de Herbarios del Noroeste de México (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagerstroemia indica (Indian crape myrtle) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagerstroemia speciosa (Pride of India) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lamium amplexicaule (henbit deadnettle) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lantana camara (lantana) | Present | Native | | Mexico, CONABIO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Launaea intybacea (bitter lettuce) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lawsonia inermis (Egyptian privet) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Davidse et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leersia hexandra (southern cut grass) | Present | | | Pyrah (1969) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna minuta | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna perpusilla (duckweed) | Present | | | GBIF (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonotis nepetifolia (Christmas candlestick) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Conabio (2015); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonurus japonicus (honeyweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lepidium didymum (lesser swine-cress) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lepidium draba (hoary cress) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Geronimo (1978) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lepidium latifolium (perennial pepperweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Missouri Botanical Garden (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lepidium perfoliatum (clasping pepperweed) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lepidium virginicum (Virginian peppercress) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); USDA-ARS (2016); Ávila-Alistac et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa fusca (sprangletop) | Present | Native | | WCSP (2018); PIER (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa mucronata (mucronate sprangletop ) | Present | Native | | Hernandez et al. (1972); Esqueda-Esquivel (2008); eMonocot (2016); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); National Museum of Natural History (2016); PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa nealleyi (Nealley's sprangletop) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lespedeza cuneata (sericea lespedeza) | Present | Introduced | | Estrada and Yen (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena diversifolia | Present, Planted | Native | Invasive | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) | Present | Native | Invasive | Hughes (1998); Hughes (1998); World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucanthemum maximum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucophyllum frutescens (Texas barometer bush) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020); Beltrán-Peña et al. (2021) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ligustrum japonicum (Japanese privet) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020); Estrada et al. (1998); Aguilar-Luna et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ligustrum lucidum (broad-leaf privet) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2009); Nesom (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Limnobium laevigatum (South American spongeplant) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Limnocharis flava (yellow bur-head) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lindernia crustacea (Malaysian false pimpernel) | Present | Introduced | | Lewis (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013); Ordaz-González et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lolium rigidum (rigid ryegrass) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004); Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lotus unifoliolatus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia grandiflora (water primrose) | Present | | | GBIF (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia palustris (marsh seedbox) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020); CONABIO (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia peploides (water primrose) | Present | Native | | Zardini et al. (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Luffa acutangula (angled luffa) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Vibrans (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Luffa aegyptiaca (loofah) | Present | | | PIER (2007); Zipcode Zoo (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lycium ferocissimum (African boxthorn) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lythrum maritimum (pukamole) | Present, Localized | Native | | Grisebach (1875); Hemsley (1888) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Malvaviscus arboreus (wax mallow) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Malvaviscus penduliflorus (Turk's cap mallow) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mangifera indica (mango) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Orwa et al. (2009); Félix-Gastélum et al. (2013); Freeman et al. (2014); López-Guillén et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Manilkara zapota (sapodilla) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Maranta arundinacea (arrowroot) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Marrubium vulgare (horehound) | Present | Introduced | | Malezas Mexico de (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Martynia annua (tiger's claw) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Medicago lupulina (black medick) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2017); Vibrans (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Hitchcock and Chase (1910) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | Missouri Botanical Garden (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melia azedarach (Chinaberry) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melicoccus bijugatus (Spanish lime) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melilotus albus (honey clover) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Weeds of Mexico (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melilotus officinalis (yellow sweet clover) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis minutiflora (molasses grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis repens (natal redtop) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | GBIF (2012); Stevens and Fehmi (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia aegyptia (hairy woodrose) | Present | Native | | McDonald (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia cissoides (roadside woodrose) | Present | Native | | McDonald (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia tuberosa (woodrose) | Present | Native | | Austin (1998) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia umbellata (hogvine) | Present, Widespread | Native | | McDonald (1993); Ooststroom and Hoogland (1953) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (crystalline iceplant) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mesosphaerum pectinatum (comb bushmint) | Present, Widespread | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Miconia calvescens (miconia) | Present | Native | | Meyer (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mikania micrantha (bitter vine) | Present, Localized | Native | | Holm et al. (1991); PIER (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mikania scandens | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa arenosa (elegant mimosa) | Present | Native | | Villaseñor (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa casta (graceful mimosa) | Present | Introduced | | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa diplotricha (giant sensitive plant) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019); Barneby (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant) | Present, Localized | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimulus guttatus (Monkeyflower) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock flower) | Present, Widespread | Native | | CONABIO (2016); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mirabilis longiflora | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mirabilis nyctaginea | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Momordica balsamina (common balsam apple) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2019); Missouri Botanical Garden (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Scholz (1988); Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Montanoa bipinnatifida | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Montanoa hibiscifolia (tree daisy) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moorochloa eruciformis (sweet signal grass) | Present | Native | | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moringa oleifera (horse radish tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017); Moreno-Ramírez et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Morus nigra (black mulberry) | Present | | | Lim (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Avendaño-Reyes (2006); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murdannia nudiflora (doveweed) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1977); Baker and Zettler (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murraya paniculata (orange jessamine) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020); Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mussaenda erythrophylla (red flag bush) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mussaenda philippica (Queen of Philippines) | Present | Introduced | | Red de Herbarios del Noroeste de México (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrot's feather) | Present | Introduced | | Orchard (1981); Bonilla-Barbosa (1994); Lot and Novelo (2004); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myriophyllum heterophyllum (broadleaf watermilfoil) | Present | | | USDA-NRCS (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myriophyllum pinnatum (cutleaf watermilfoil) | Present | Introduced | | Red de Herbarios del Noroeste de México (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myriophyllum spicatum (spiked watermilfoil) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myroxylon balsamum (Peru balsam) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nandina domestica (Nandina) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | GBIF (2013); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nassella tenuissima (Mexican feather grass) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nelsonia canescens (blue pussyleaf) | Present | | | Daniel (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nemophila menziesii | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nerium oleander (oleander) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020); Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Neyraudia reynaudiana (burma reed) | Present | Introduced | | Beetle (1977); Espejo Serna and López-Ferrari (1993); Peterson et al. (2001); Sarukhán and Soberón (2008); Sánchez-Ken et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicotiana plumbaginifolia (Tex-Mex tobacco) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017); USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) | Present | | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014); Camacho-Tapia et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nolina recurvata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nopalea cochenillifera (cochineal cactus) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nymphaea ampla (dot-leaf water-lily) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nymphaea mexicana (yellow waterlily) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nymphaea odorata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ocimum gratissimum (African basil) | Present | Introduced | | WCSP (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Odontonema callistachyum (purple firespike) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Odontonema cuspidatum (Cardinal’s guard) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oeceoclades maculata (monk orchid) | Present | Introduced | | Dodson (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Terrell and Robinson (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia lancifolia (calycose mille graines) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia cochenillifera (cochineal cactus) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia engelmannii (cactus apple) | Present | Native | | USDA-NRCS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2007); Rodríguez-Alvarado et al. (2001); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Flores-Flores et al. (2013); Palomares-Pérez et al. (2015); Torre-Almaráz et al. (2016); González-Hernández et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia microdasys (angel's wings) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia monacantha (common prickly pear) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia stricta (erect prickly pear) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018); Benson (1982); Missouri Botanical Garden (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia tomentosa (velvet tree pear) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Orobanche ramosa (branched broomrape) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis latifolia (sorrel) | Present | | | Pérez-Calix (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pachira aquatica (pachira nut) | Present | Native | | Flora Mesoamericana (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Panicum obtusum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parietaria pensylvanica | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parkinsonia aculeata (Mexican palo-verde) | Present, Planted | Native | Invasive | ILDIS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parmentiera aculeata (cucumber tree) | Present | Native | | Gentry (1980); Flora Mesoamericana (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parthenium hysterophorus (parthenium weed) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Haseler (1976); Dale (1981); Aneja et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1991); Alvarez-Ruiz et al. (2007); Ávila-Alistac et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper) | Present | Native | | USDA-NRCS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalidium geminatum (Egyptian paspalidium) | Present | Native | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012); Gomez (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum densum (dense crowngrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum dilatatum (dallisgrass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2017); Missouri Botanical Garden (2017); Zhao LiFeng and Qin ShaoWei (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum distichum (knotgrass) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum fasciculatum (bull grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019); Flora of Pakistan (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum millegrana (yerba brava) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass) | Present | | | Clayton et al. (2018); USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum paniculatum (Russell River grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum urvillei (Vasey grass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2018); GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016); Ordaz-González et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum virgatum (sword grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora edulis (passionfruit) | Present | Introduced | | Martin and Nakasone (1970) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower) | Present | Native | | Killip (1938); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora ligularis (sweet granadilla) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Davidse et al. (1994); PROTA (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora suberosa (corkystem passionflower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora subpeltata (white passionflower) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora tarminiana (banana passionfruit) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (banana passionfruit) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pastinaca sativa (parsnip) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu grass) | Present | Introduced | | Weber (2003); USA, USDA-ARS (2008); Ordaz-González et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum macrourum (African feather grass) | Present | | | Weber (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum polystachion (mission grass) | Present | Introduced | | Hafliger and Scholz (1981) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum setaceum (fountain grass) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2012); Tellman (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pentas lanceolata (Egyptian starcluster) | Present | Introduced | | Bonet Ferrer (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Persicaria maculosa (redshank) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1991); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Persicaria punctata (dotted smartweed) | Present | Native | | Flora of North America (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Petiveria alliacea (guinea hen weed) | Present | Native | | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (1998); Vibrans (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phalaris minor (littleseed canarygrass) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phalaris paradoxa (awned canary-grass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phleum pratense (timothy grass) | Present | Introduced | | Kew (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phormium tenax (New Zealand flax) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Hanelt et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phragmites australis (common reed) | Present, Widespread | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phyllanthus urinaria (leafflower) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phyllostachys aurea (golden bamboo) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004); USDA-APHIS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis angulata (cutleaf groundcherry) | Present | Native | | Rydberg (1896); Waterfall (1967); Holm et al. (1997); Missouri Botanical Garden (2013); USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis ixocarpa | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011); Gámez-Jiménez et al. (2009); González-Pacheco and Silva-Rosales (2013); Ávila-Alistac et al. (2017); Mauricio-Castillo et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis longifolia | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis pubescens | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pimenta dioica (allspice) | Present | Native | | Rodriquez (1969); Seidemann (2005); Parthasarathy et al. (2008); FAO (2009); PIER (2012); Velázquez-Silva et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2013); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus oocarpa (ocote pine) | Present, Planted | | | Sáenz-Romero et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus patula (Mexican weeping pine) | Present | | | Castro-Valderrama et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus radiata (radiata pine) | Present | Native | | Libby et al. (1968); Moran (1996); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Piper aduncum (spiked pepper) | Present | Native | | PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Piper auritum | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) | Present | | | GBIF (2009); Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pithecellobium dulce (Manila tamarind) | Present | Native | | McVaugh (1987); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pittosporum undulatum (Australian cheesewood) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008); PIER (2008); USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plantago aristata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plantago lanceolata (ribwort plantain) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plantago major (broad-leaved plantain) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plectranthus amboinicus (Indian borage) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plectranthus scutellarioides (coleus) | Present | | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014); Govaerts (2014); Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pleuraphis jamesii | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pluchea carolinensis (sourbush) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Poa annua (annual meadowgrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Vibrans (2009); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Poa compressa (Canada bluegrass) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Poa pratensis (smooth meadow-grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | ISSG (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polycarpon tetraphyllum (fourleaf allseed) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polygonum arenastrum (common knotweed) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polygonum aviculare (prostrate knotweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polygonum hydropiper (marsh pepper) | Present | | | Hafliger and Wolf (1988); Holm et al. (1997); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polygonum lapathifolium (pale persicaria) | Present | | | Ríos Torres et al. (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polygonum nepalense (Nepal persicaria) | Present | | Invasive | Vibrans and Hanan Alipi (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polypogon monspeliensis (annual beard grass) | Present | Introduced | | PIER (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pontederia cordata (pickerel weed) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Populus alba (silver-leaf poplar) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca oleracea (purslane) | Present | Introduced | | Rzendowski and Rzendowski (1979); Ávila-Alistac et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca pilosa (kiss-me-quick) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Potamogeton crispus (curlyleaf pondweed) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prosopis glandulosa (honey mesquite) | Present | Native | Invasive | Johnston (1962); Burkart (1976) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prosopis juliflora (mesquite) | Present, Planted | Native | | Burkart (1976); Martínez-Sánchez et al. (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prosopis velutina (velvet mesquite) | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | Johnston (1962); Burkart (1976) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prunella vulgaris (self-heal) | Present | Native | | WCSP (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prunus serotina (black cherry) | Present | Native | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pseudelephantopus spicatus (false elephant’s foot) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides (Mexican flamevine) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Govaerts (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium guajava (guava) | Present, Planted | Native | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002); FAO (2013); Lasa and Tadeo (2015); Vargas-Madriz et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pueraria montana var. lobata (kudzu) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pueraria phaseoloides (tropical kudzu) | Present | Introduced | | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pyracantha coccinea (scarlet firethorn) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Rocha Estrada et al. (1988); ZipcodeZoo (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Quamoclit hederifolia | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ranunculus cymbalaria | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); Chamorro-Florescano et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ricinus communis (castor bean) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004); Ávila-Alistac et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rivina humilis (bloodberry) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Roldana petasitis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rosa multiflora (multiflora rose) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) | Present | Introduced | | Hanelt et al. (2001); Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rotala ramosior | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2008); Villa et al. (1998); Valverde et al. (1999); Vibrans (2009); Contreras-Ramos et al. (2013); Tucuch-Cauich et al. (2013); Cruz-Zapata et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus fruticosus (blackberry) | Present | | | Rebollar-Alviter et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus parviflorus (thimbleberry) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus rosifolius (roseleaf raspberry) | Present | Introduced | | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ruellia macrophylla (large leaved ruellia) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ruellia simplex (Mexican petunia) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rumex acetosella (sheep's sorrel) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rumex crispus (curled dock) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rumex obtusifolius (broad-leaved dock) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Russelia equisetiformis (firecracker plant) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rytidostylis carthagenensis | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sacciolepis indica (glen woodgrass) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sagittaria latifolia (broadleaf arrowhead) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sagittaria sagittifolia | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salix humboldtiana (pencil willow) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salsola kali (common saltwort) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2015); USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salvia coccinea (scarlet sage) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salvia leucantha (Mexican bush sage) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salvia microphylla | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salvia occidentalis (West Indian sage) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salvia reflexa | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Samanea saman (rain tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sambucus canadensis (American black elderberry) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sanchezia parvibracteata (sanchezia) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Daniel (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sansevieria hyacinthoides (African bowstring hemp) | Present | Introduced | | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sansevieria trifasciata (mother-in-law’s tongue) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sanvitalia procumbens | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011); Ávila-Alistac et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schefflera actinophylla (umbrella tree) | Present | Introduced | | Carnevali et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schinus molle (false pepper tree) | Present, Planted | | | Mendez et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian pepper tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schismus arabicus (Arabian schismus) | Present | | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schismus barbatus (common Mediterranean grass) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schizolobium parahyba (Brazilian fern tree) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sechium edule (chayote) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Securigera varia (crown vetch) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Sánchez-Blanco et al. (2012); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senecio inaequidens (South African ragwort) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senecio vulgaris | Present | Introduced | | Hultén and Fries (1986) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna alata (candle bush) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna hirsuta (hairy senna) | Present, Widespread | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna multijuga (November shower) | Present | | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); ILDIS (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); Palmer and Pullen (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna septemtrionalis (smooth senna) | Present | Native | | Irwin and Barneby (1982); ILDIS (2014); Wagner et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna siamea (yellow cassia) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | ILDIS (2007); Mexico, CONABIO (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna spectabilis (whitebark senna) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014); Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania grandiflora (sesbania) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania sesban (sesban) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria palmifolia (palm grass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria parviflora (knotroot foxtail) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria verticillata (bristly foxtail) | Present | Introduced | | Hafliger and Scholz (1980) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sicyos angulatus (burcucumber) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida acuta (sida) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1977); Martínez-Sánchez et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida linifolia (flaxleaf fanpetals) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sidalcea malviflora | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Silene antirrhina | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Silene gallica (common catchfly) | Present | Introduced | | Vibrans (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Silybum marianum (variegated thistle) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sisymbrium irio | Present | Introduced | | Weeds of Mexico (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum americanum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum elaeagnifolium (silverleaf nightshade) | Present | Native | Invasive | Goeden (1971); Holm et al. (1979); Boyd et al. (1984); Wapshere (1988); Swisher et al. (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum erianthum (potato tree) | Present | | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum heterodoxum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum mammosum (nipplefruit nightshade) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated); Lim (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum rostratum (prickly nightshade) | Present | Native | | Whalen (1979); Mauricio-Castillo et al. (2007); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); USDA-ARS (2014); Ávila-Alistac et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum seaforthianum (Brazilian nightshade) | Present | Introduced | | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum sisymbriifolium (sticky nightshade) | Present | Introduced | | ISSG (2020); CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum torvum (turkey berry) | Present, Localized | | | Janzen (1966); Holm et al. (1991); Arriaga and Hernández (1998); Breedlove (1998); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum tuberosum (potato) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2014); Jaime-Garcia et al. (2001); Fernández-Pavía et al. (2002); Robles-Hernández et al. (2010); Cruz Roblero et al. (2011); López Orona et al. (2013); Quintero-Ferrer and Karasev (2013); García-Núñez et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum viarum (tropical soda apple) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | USDA-ARS (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum wendlandii | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solidago canadensis (Canadian goldenrod) | Present | Native | | Weber (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solidago sempervirens (seaside goldenrod) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Soliva sessilis | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus arvensis (perennial sowthistle) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus asper (spiny sow-thistle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Vibrans (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Vibrans (2009); Ávila-Alistac et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spartium junceum (Spanish broom) | Present | Introduced | | CONABIO (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spergularia marina | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spermacoce verticillata (shrubby false buttonwood) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sphagneticola trilobata (wedelia) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spondias purpurea (red mombin) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated); Mendez et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus indicus (rat tail grass) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus pyramidalis (giant rat’s tail grass) | Present | | | eMonocot (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus pyramidatus (whorled dropseed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus tenuissimus (tropical dropseed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta cayennensis (blue snakeweed) | Present, Few occurrences | Native | | Troncoso (1979); Cowan (1983); Pool and Rueda (2001); Carnevali et al. (2010); Davidse et al. (2012); PIER (2015); USDA-ARS (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Jamaica vervain) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stellaria media (common chickweed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1977); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sterculia apetala (Panama tree) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stylosanthes hamata (Caribbean Stylo) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (New York aster) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Synedrella nodiflora (synedrella) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syngonium podophyllum (arrowhead vine) | Present | Native | | Croat (1981); Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syzygium jambos (rose apple) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | Soto Pinto et al. (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tabebuia rosea (pink poui) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tagetes erecta (Mexican marigold) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tagetes tenuifolia | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tamarindus indica (tamarind) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2010); CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tamarix aphylla (athel) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Scudday (1989); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tamarix chinensis (five-stamen tamarisk) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | Westbrooks (1998) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tamarix ramosissima (saltcedar) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1997); Gómez (1999) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tecoma capensis (Cape honeysuckle) | Present | Introduced | | Ulloa (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tecoma stans (yellow bells) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Gentry (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tectona grandis (teak) | Present, Planted | | | Cibrián-Llanderal et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tetragonia tetragonioides (New Zealand spinach) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Themeda quadrivalvis (grader grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Espinosa-García and Villaseñor (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thespesia populnea (portia tree) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia alata (black eyed Susan) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia erecta (bush clockvine) | Present | Introduced | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia fragrans (whitelady) | Present | Introduced | | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia grandiflora (Bengal trumpet) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thymophylla tenuiloba (Dahlberg daisy) | Present | Native | | USDA-NRCS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018); Ávila-Alistac et al. (2017); USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tithonia rotundifolia (red sunflower) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017); USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Toona ciliata (toon) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trachelospermum jasminoides (star-jasmine) | Present | Introduced | | Williams (1996) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trachypogon spicatus (spiked crinkleawn) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia pallida (purple queen) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia spathacea (boat lily) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia zebrina (wandering jew) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triadica sebifera (Chinese tallow tree) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tribulus cistoides (false puncture vine) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1977); Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tridax procumbens (coat buttons) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trimezia steyermarkii (yellow walking iris) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017); Barker and Govaerts (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triphasia trifolia (limeberry) | Present | Introduced | | Breedlove (1986) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triplaris americana (ant tree) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Breedlove (1986) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tripsacum dactyloides (eastern gamagrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tripsacum latifolium (wideleaf gamagrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triticum monococcum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triumfetta semitriloba (burweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Turbina corymbosa (Christmas vine) | Present, Widespread | Native | | McDonald (1993); USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Turnera ulmifolia (West Indian holly) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha angustifolia (lesser bulrush) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991); Chambers et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha domingensis (southern cattail) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Breedlove (1986); Lot and Novelo (1988); McVaugh and Koch (1993); Rejmankova et al. (1996) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urena lobata (caesar weed) | Present | Native | | Fryxell (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urena sinuata (bur mallow) | Present | Introduced | | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa brizantha (palisadegrass) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa distachya (signal grass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa mutica (para grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa platyphylla (broadleaf signalgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urtica dioica (stinging nettle) | Present | Native | | Carey (1995); USDA-NRCS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Utricularia gibba | Present | Native | | Olvera (1996); Missouri Botanical Garden (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vachellia macracantha (porknut) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbena bracteata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbena litoralis (blue vervain) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbena rigida (stiff verbena) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004); HEAR (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbesina encelioides (golden crownbeard) | Present, Widespread | Native | | GBIF (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Veronica serpyllifolia (thymeleaf speedwell) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vicia villosa (hairy vetch) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Viguiera dentata (sunflower goldeneye) | Present, Widespread | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vitex agnus-castus (chaste tree) | Present | Introduced | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vitex trifolia | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vulpia bromoides (squirreltail fescue) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vulpia myuros (annual fescue) | Present | Introduced | | Howard (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Wigandia urens | Present | | | Sánchez García et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Xanthium spinosum (bathurst burr) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Xanthosoma sagittifolium (elephant ear) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Youngia japonica (oriental false hawksbeard) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Mexico, CONABIO (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Yucca aloifolia (Spanish bayonet) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); GBIF (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zingiber officinale (ginger) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Villaseñor and Espinosa-Garcia (2004); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zinnia angustifolia | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zinnia peruviana (Peruvian zinnia) | Present | Native | | Flora Mesoamericana (2016); USDA-ARS (2016); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zoysia matrella (Manila grass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Paramyxea | Marteilia refringens | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Amphidinium carterae | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Amphidinium operculatum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Amylax triacantha | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia bigemina | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia bovis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Bonamia exitiosa | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Bonamia ostreae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Gonyaulax gridleyi | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Gymnodinium catenatum | Present, Localized | | | Band-Schmidt et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Mikrocystos mackini | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Perkinsus marinus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Perkinsus olseni | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Plasmodium relictum | Present | Native | | Beltran and Pardinas (1953); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Toxoplasma gondii | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Tritrichomonas foetus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma equiperdum | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma evansi | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); Desquesnes (2004); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | African horse sickness virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | African swine fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Arterivirus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | avian infectious bronchitis virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | avian metapneumovirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Avipoxvirus | Present | | | Gallagher (1916); Graham (1978); Olmos et al. (1986) |
Virus | | | Barley yellow dwarf viruses (barley yellow dwarf) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1969); Ranieri et al. (1993); EPPO (2014) |
Virus | | | bluetongue virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine herpesvirus 1 | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine leukemia virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine viral diarrhea virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | camelpox virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | caprine arthritis encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Chelonid herpesvirus 5 | Present | | | Quackenbush et al. (2001) |
Virus | | | Citrus leprosis virus C (leprosis of citrus) | Present, Localized | | | Izquierdo Castillo et al. (2011); CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | classical swine fever virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Cowpea mild mottle virus (angular mosaic of beans) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2019) |
Virus | | | Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (2004); Kao et al. (2000); Brown et al. (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | duck hepatitis A virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | eastern equine encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equid herpesvirus 1 | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine arteritis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine infectious anaemia virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine influenzavirus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | foot-and-mouth disease virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | fowlpox virus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Gallid herpesvirus 2 | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Haliotid herpesvirus 1 | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious bursal disease virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious myonecrosis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious salmon anemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | influenza A virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Iris yellow spot virus (iris yellow spot) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); |
Virus | | | Japanese encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | lumpy skin disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Maize chlorotic mottle virus | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2014); Gordon et al. (1984) |
Virus | | | Maize dwarf mosaic virus (dwarf mosaic of maize) | Present | | | Lin (1982); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Virus | | | Maize lethal necrosis disease | Present | | | Carrera-Martinez et al. (1989) |
Virus | | | myxoma virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Nairobi sheep disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Newcastle disease virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Nipah virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Papaya ringspot virus | Present | | | Becerra Leor (1989); Silva-Rosales et al. (2000); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Virus | | | Pepino mosaic virus | Present, Few occurrences | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); Ling and Zhang (2011); Ling et al. (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMV) | Present | | | EPPO (2014); CABI and EPPO (2009); González Franco et al. (2014) |
Virus | | | peste des petits ruminants virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus | Present | | | OIE (2020); Jung and Saif (2015); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | Potato spindle tuber viroid (spindle tuber of potato) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | rabies virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | red sea bream iridovirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Rift Valley fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | rinderpest virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | spring viraemia of carp virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Squash leaf curl virus (leaf curl of squash) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (2014); Díaz-Nájera et al. (2018); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); |
Virus | | | Sugarcane mosaic virus (sugarcane mosaic) | Present | | | ISSCT (1989); Bermúdez-Guzmán et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Suid herpesvirus 1 | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2018); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | swine vesicular disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Taura syndrome virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); Zarain-Herzberg and Ascencio-Valle (2001); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (Tomato brown rugose fruit virus) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | Invasive | Cambrón-Crisantos et al. (2019); Camacho-Beltrán et al. (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (tomato spotted wilt) | Present, Localized | | | UK, CAB International (1978); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (leaf curl) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Brown and Idris (2006); Idris et al. (2007); Bañuelos-Hernández et al. (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | transmissible gastroenteritis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | visna/maedi virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | West Nile virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | western equine encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Wheat streak mosaic virus (wheat streak) | Present | Introduced | | UK, CAB International (1982); Sánchez-Sánchez et al. (2001); CABI (Undated) |
Virus | | | White spot syndrome virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |