Montenegro

Datasheet

Montenegro

Index

Summary

Population, total
622,137 (2019)

GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
9,060 (2019)

GNI, Atlas method (current US$ in millions)
5,634.42 (2019)

GDP (current US$ in millions)
5,542.58 (2019)

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
6.39 (2019)

World Development Indicators. The World Bank (CC-BY 4.0) https://data.worldbank.org/ [last updated: 28 May 2021]

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List of Species

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The table lists the species recorded in the Compendium for this region(from the full species datasheets). It includes species that are invasive in this region, those for which there is no data on invasive status, and also species that are not invasive in the region but are reported as invasive elsewhere. This summary table is based on all the information available.When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the distribution record. For further information, please follow the link to the datasheet.

Domain	Kingdom	Phylum	Species	Distribution	Origin	Invasive	References
Bacteria		Actinobacteria [phylum]	Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis	Present, Localized			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Bacteroidetes	Paenibacillus larvae	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Bacillus anthracis	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Candidatus Phytoplasma solani (Stolbur phytoplasma)	Present, Widespread			Radonjić et al. (2016); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Grapevine flavescence doree phytoplasma (flavescence dorée of grapevine)	Present, Few occurrences			EPPO (2022)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Melissococcus plutonius	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Mycoplasma gallisepticum	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) type	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Mycoplasma synoviae	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Anaplasma marginale	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Brucella abortus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Brucella melitensis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Brucella ovis	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Brucella suis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Coxiella burnetii	Present, Localized			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Ehrlichia ruminantium	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Erwinia amylovora (fireblight)	Present, Widespread			Balaž et al. (2012); CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Francisella tularensis	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Pasteurella multocida	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Salmonella abortusovis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Salmonella gallinarum	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Salmonella pullorum	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Taylorella equigenitalis	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Vibrio parahaemolyticus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Chromista	Oomycota	Plasmopara viticola (grapevine downy mildew)	Present			Latinovic and Maras (2005)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Colletotrichum acutatum (black spot of strawberry)	Present			Latinovic et al. (2012); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Diaporthe eres (apple leaf, branch and fruit fungus)	Present			Vemić et al. (2019)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Entoleuca mammata	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Erysiphe platani	Present			CABI/EPPO (2013)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Gremmeniella abietina (Brunchorstia disease)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Guignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot)	Absent, Confirmed absent by survey			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (ash dieback)	Present			Milenković et al. (2017); Vemić et al. (2019); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Mycosphaerella pini (Dothistroma blight)	Present			Lazarević et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Pseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.)	Absent, Confirmed absent by survey			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Seiridium cardinale (cypress canker)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Basidiomycota	Inonotus rickii	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Basidiomycota	Tilletia controversa (dwarf bunt of wheat)	Present			CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Chytridiomycota	Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal)	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Chytridiomycota	Synchytrium endobioticum (wart disease of potato)	Present, Localized			CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Acarapis woodi (honeybee mite)	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aethina tumida	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly)	Present			EPPO (2022); Malumphy et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Anoplophora glabripennis (Asian longhorned beetle)	Absent, Eradicated			EPPO (2022); Pajović et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aonidiella aurantii (red scale)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aphis craccivora (groundnut aphid)	Present			Latinović et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid)	Present			Radonjić and Hrnčić (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Archips xylosteanus (apple, leafroller)	Present			Roganović (2012)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bactrocera oleae (olive fruit fly)	Present			Hrncic (2002); Perović et al. (2007); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly)	Present			EPPO (2022); Malumphy et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bombus terrestris (bumble bee)	Present	Native		Rasmont et al. (2008)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Brevipalpus lewisi (citrus flat mite)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2010)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Cacyreus marshalli (pelargonium butterfly)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Carpophilus tersus	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Radonjić (2006); Radonjić and Hrnčić (2011); Radonjić (2013); Radonjić et al. (2013); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screw-worm)	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm)	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Corythucha ciliata (sycamore lace bug)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); CABI and EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Cydalima perspectalis (box tree moth)	Present, Localized			EPPO (2022); Hrnčić and Radonjić (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Dendroctonus micans (great spruce bark beetle)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (western corn rootworm)	Present, Localized			EPPO (2022); CABI/EPPO (2012)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Dialeurodes citri (citrus whitefly)	Present			EPPO (2022); Franco et al. (2006); Malumphy et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila)	Present, Localized			CABI and EPPO (2016); Radonjić and Hrnčić (2015); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Duponchelia fovealis (Southern European marshland pyralid)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Faxonius limosus (Spiny-cheek crayfish)	Present	Introduced		Simić et al. (2008)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Radonjić and Hrnčić (2011); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Glycaspis brimblecombei (red gum lerp psyllid)	Present			Malumphy et al. (2013); Perović et al. (2013); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Grapholita molesta (Oriental fruit moth)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Harmonia axyridis (harlequin ladybird)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm)	Present			Radonjić and Hrnčić (2011); Radonjić and Hrnčić (2012)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Hylurgus ligniperda (red-haired pine bark beetle)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2010)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Hyphantria cunea (mulberry moth)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Ips typographus (eight-toothed bark beetle)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Japananus hyalinus	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Leptocybe invasa (blue gum chalcid)	Present, Localized			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Leptoglossus occidentalis (western conifer-seed bug)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); CABI and EPPO (2018); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Lilioceris lilii (lily leaf beetle)	Present	Native		Fauna Europaea (2006); CABI and EPPO (2010)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Liriomyza cicerina	Present			Martinez (2007)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Liriomyza huidobrensis (serpentine leafminer)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Liriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer)	Absent, Formerly present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Lobesia botrana (European grapevine moth)	Present			CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Luperomorpha xanthodera	Absent, Formerly present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Lyphia tetraphylla	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid)	Present	Introduced		UK, CAB International (1984)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Metcalfa pruinosa (frosted moth-bug)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Monomorium pharaonis (pharaoh ant)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Mythimna languida	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Myzus persicae (green peach aphid)	Present			Radonjić and Hrnčić (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Nezara viridula (green stink bug)	Present			Protić and Roganović (2002)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Obolodiplosis robiniae (black locust gall midge)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Ophelimus maskelli (Eucalyptus gall wasp)	Present, Localized			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Opilio parietinus	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Opogona sacchari (banana moth)	Absent, Intercepted only			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Ostrinia nubilalis (European maize borer)	Present			Radonjić and Hrnčić (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pheidole megacephala (big-headed ant)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Phthorimaea absoluta (tomato leafminer)	Present, Widespread	Introduced		Hrnčić and Radonjić (2011); Hrnčić and Radonjić (2012); CABI and EPPO (2013); Ðurić et al. (2014); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Phyllocnistis citrella (citrus leaf miner)	Present, Widespread			EPPO (2022); Radonjic (2002)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pieris rapae (cabbage white butterfly)	Present			Pajović (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Polyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mite)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Radonjić and Hrnčić (2011); Radonjić and Hrnčić (2010)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pristiphora laricis	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (mulberry scale)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Rhagoletis cingulata (cherry fruit fly)	Absent, Intercepted only			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (red palm weevil)	Present, Few occurrences			CABI and EPPO (2016); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Saissetia oleae (olive scale)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Hrncic (2002)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Sceliphron deforme	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Scolytus intricatus (European oak bark beetle)	Present			Roganović (2012)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Sesamia cretica (greater sugarcane borer)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Siphoninus phillyreae (ash whitefly)	Present			Malumphy et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Stephanitis oberti	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Stictocephala alta	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite)	Present			Radonjić and Hrnčić (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Tetropium fuscum (brown spruce longhorn beetle)	Present			Dolezal (2007)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Thaumetopoea pityocampa (pine processionary)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Thaumetopoea processionea (oak processionary moth)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Trialeurodes vaporariorum (whitefly, greenhouse)	Present			Radonjić and Hrnčić (2011); Malumphy et al. (2015); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Tropilaelaps	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Trypodendron domesticum	Present			Roganović (2012)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Varroa destructor (Varroa mite)	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Vespula germanica (German wasp)	Present	Native		Cetkovic (2002)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Viteus vitifoliae (grapevine phylloxera)	Present, Localized			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Xyleborinus saxesenii (fruit-tree pinhole borer)	Present			Roganović (2012)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Aspius aspius (asp)	Present	Native		Freyhof and Kottelat (2008)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Cervus elaphus (red deer)	Present	Native		IUCN (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Columba livia (pigeons)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Cyprinus carpio (common carp)	Present	Introduced		Froese and Pauly (2021)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Herpestes auropunctatus (small Indian mongoose)	Present, Localized	Introduced	Invasive	CABI (Undated); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish)	Present	Introduced		Olenin et al. (2008)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Lepus europaeus (European hare)	Present, Widespread	Native		Mitchell-Jones et al. (1999)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Mustela erminea (ermine)	Present	Native		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Neovison vison (American mink)	Present	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Perca fluviatilis (perch)	Present	Native		Froese and Pauly (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Phasianus colchicus (common pheasant)	Present	Introduced		BirdLife International (2015); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Rutilus rutilus (roach)	Present	Native		Blanc et al. (1971); Kottelat and Freyhof (2007)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Streptopelia decaocto (Eurasian collared-dove)	Present	Native		BirdLife International (2014)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Sus scrofa [ISC] (feral pig)	Present	Native		IUCN (2012)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Tyto alba (Barn owl)	Present	Native		Bruce (1999)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Cornu aspersum (common garden snail)	Present, Localized	Introduced		Helix Consulting (2009)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Deroceras invadens (tramp slug)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Fauna Europea (2015)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Deroceras laeve (meadow slug)	Present	Native		Fauna Europea (2015)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Limax maximus (leopard slug)	Present			Wiktor and Jurkowska (2007)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Theba pisana (white garden snail)	Present			Sacchi (1971); Bank (2007); Bozic et al. (2010)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode)	Present			Pajovic et al. (2007);
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode)	Present			Pajovic et al. (2007);
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm)	Present			Pajovic et al. (2007);
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Trichinella	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Platyhelminthes	Gyrodactylus salaris	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Platyhelminthes	Taenia solium	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Planctomycetes [kingdom]		Chlamydophila psittaci	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern)	Present	Introduced		Euro+Med (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Achillea millefolium (yarrow)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Aira caryophyllea (silver hairgrass)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Alnus glutinosa (European alder)	Present			Radonjić et al. (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Amorpha fruticosa (false indigo-bush)	Present	Introduced		Euro+Med PlantBase (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Anethum graveolens (dill)	Present	Introduced		Hand (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Anthoxanthum odoratum (sweet vernal grass)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bidens frondosa (beggarticks)	Present, Few occurrences	Introduced		Stešević et al. (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bidens subalternans	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Brassica nigra (black mustard)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Brassica rapa (field mustard)	Present			Kell (2011); USDA-ARS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Capsicum annuum (bell pepper)	Present			Pajovic et al. (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cardamine flexuosa (wavy bittercress)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Carduus pycnocephalus (Italian thistle)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cenchrus spinifex	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Chondrilla juncea (rush skeletonweed)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cirsium vulgare (spear thistle)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Conium maculatum (poison hemlock)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Convolvulus arvensis (bindweed)	Present			Pajovic et al. (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Conyza sumatrensis (tall fleabane)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Descurainia sophia (flixweed)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dolichandra unguis-cati (cat's claw creeper)	Present	Introduced		ISSG (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eclipta prostrata (eclipta)	Present			Caković et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Erigeron annuus (annual fleabane)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Caković et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Erodium cicutarium (common storksbill)	Present	Native		GBIF (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Fallopia convolvulus (black bindweed)	Present			USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ficus carica (common fig)	Present			Latinović et al. (2014); Radonjić (2006); Minafra et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ficus microcarpa (Indian laurel tree)	Present			Radonjić and Hrnčić (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Foeniculum vulgare (fennel)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry)	Present	Native		Darrow (1966)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Gleditsia triacanthos (honey locust)	Present	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	CABI (Undated); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Helminthotheca echioides (bristly oxtongue)	Present	Native		Greuter (2006); USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Heteropogon contortus (spear grass)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hypochaeris radicata (cat's ear)	Present	Native		USDA-NRCS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Impatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam)	Present	Introduced		ISSG (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Isatis tinctoria (dyer's woad)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Iva xanthiifolia (marsh-elder)	Present	Introduced		Stesevic and Jovanovic (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Juncus tenuis (slender rush)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lepidium virginicum (Virginian peppercress)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leucanthemum vulgare (oxeye daisy)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Malva pusilla (round-leaved mallow)	Present			USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Moorochloa eruciformis (sweet signal grass)	Present	Native		Kumar (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Parentucellia viscosa (yellow glandweed)	Present	Native		Flora Italiana (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pastinaca sativa (parsnip)	Present	Native		Euro+Med PlantBase (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Phragmites australis (common reed)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine)	Present	Native		Karadžić and Vujanović (1992)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Plantago coronopus (Buck's-horn plantain)	Present			GBIF (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Polycarpon tetraphyllum (fourleaf allseed)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Polygonum lapathifolium (pale persicaria)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pyracantha coccinea (scarlet firethorn)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rumex acetosella (sheep's sorrel)	Present			GBIF (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sagittaria sagittifolia	Present			Hadžiablahović (2005)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Salsola kali (common saltwort)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Securigera varia (crown vetch)	Present	Native		Virtual Herbaria Austria (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sicyos angulatus (burcucumber)	Present	Introduced		Stešević and Jovović (2005)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Silybum marianum (variegated thistle)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum nigrum (black nightshade)	Present			Pajovic et al. (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum tuberosum (potato)	Present			Radonjić et al. (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solidago canadensis (Canadian goldenrod)	Present, Few occurrences			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sonchus asper (spiny sow-thistle)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2014); Malumphy et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Spiraea chamaedryfolia (germander meadowsweet)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Thlaspi arvense (field pennycress)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Verbascum thapsus (common mullein)	Present	Native		ISSG (2014)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Tritrichomonas foetus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Trypanosoma equiperdum	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Trypanosoma evansi	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			African horse sickness virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			African swine fever virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			avian infectious bronchitis virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			avian metapneumovirus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			bluetongue virus	Present			OIE (2020); OIE (2019)
Virus			bovine herpesvirus 1	Present, Localized			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			bovine leukemia virus	Present, Localized			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			bovine viral diarrhea virus	Present, Localized			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			camelpox virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			caprine arthritis encephalitis virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			classical swine fever virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows)	Present			Zindovic et al. (2017)
Virus			eastern equine encephalitis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			equid herpesvirus 1	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			equine arteritis virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			equine infectious anaemia virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			equine influenzavirus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			foot-and-mouth disease virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Haliotid herpesvirus 1	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019)
Virus			infectious bursal disease virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			infectious salmon anemia virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019)
Virus			influenza A virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019)
Virus			Japanese encephalitis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			lumpy skin disease virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			myxoma virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Nairobi sheep disease virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Newcastle disease virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Nipah virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			peste des petits ruminants virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Plum pox virus (sharka)	Present, Widespread			EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2007); Marn et al. (2008); Pleško et al. (2012); Zindović et al. (2013)
Virus			Potato spindle tuber viroid (spindle tuber of potato)	Present			Luigi et al. (2016); EPPO (2022)
Virus			rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			rabies virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Rift Valley fever virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			rinderpest virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Suid herpesvirus 1	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (tomato spotted wilt)	Present			Zindović et al. (2011); EPPO (2022)
Virus			transmissible gastroenteritis virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			West Nile virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			western equine encephalitis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)

List of Species CSV Output

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Generate a spreadsheet of the List of Species which also includes records from basic datasheets.

Basic datasheets include data mined from various sources (including the CAB Abstracts database and selected invasive species databases). Further confirmation of distribution status should be sought before use.

Download CSV file

List of Animal Diseases

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The table lists the animal diseases recorded in the Compendium for this region (from the full disease datasheets). For further information, please follow the link to the datasheet.

Disease	Distribution	References
abalone viral ganglioneuritis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019)
acarapisosis of honey bees	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019)
Aeromonas infection in fish	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2009)
African horse sickness	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
African swine fever	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
American foul brood	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
anthrax	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Aujeszky's disease	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
avian chlamydiosis	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
avian infectious bronchitis	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
avian influenza	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2009); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019)
avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum)	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma synoviae)	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
babesiosis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2009)
Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans infection	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019)
bluetongue	Present	OIE (2020); OIE (2019)
bovine anaplasmosis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
bovine babesiosis	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
bovine genital campylobacteriosis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
bovine herpesvirus 1 infections	Present, Localized	OIE (2019); OIE (2009); OIE (2019)
bovine spongiform encephalopathy	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
bovine tuberculosis	Absent	OIE (2018); OIE (2009); OIE (2018)
bovine venereal trichomonosis	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
bovine viral diarrhoea	Present, Localized	OIE (2019); OIE (2009); OIE (2019)
brucellosis (Brucella abortus)	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
brucellosis (Brucella melitensis)	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
brucellosis (Brucella ovis)	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
brucellosis (Brucella suis)	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
camel pox	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
caprine arthritis encephalitis	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Chrysomya bezziana infestation	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
classical swine fever	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Cochliomyia hominivorax infestation	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
contagious agalactia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
contagious bovine pleuropneumonia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
contagious caprine pleuropneumonia	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
contagious equine metritis	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
dourine	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
duck virus hepatitis	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
enzootic abortion of ewes	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2009)
enzootic bovine leukosis	Present, Localized	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
epizootic haemorrhagic disease	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern)	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
equine encephalomyelitis (Western)	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
equine infectious anaemia	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
equine influenza	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
equine piroplasmosis	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
equine rhinopneumonitis	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
equine viral arteritis	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
European foul brood	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
foot-and-mouth disease in pigs	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
foot-and-mouth disease in ruminants	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
fowl cholera	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2009)
fowl typhoid	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
glanders	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Gyrodactylus salaris infection	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019)
haemorrhagic septicaemia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
heartwater	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Infection with salmonid alphavirus	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019)
infectious bursal disease	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
infectious laryngotracheitis	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
infectious salmon anaemia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019)
Japanese encephalitis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
leishmaniosis	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
leptospirosis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2009)
lumpy skin disease	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Marek's disease	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2009)
Mycoplasma agalactiae infections	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2009)
myxomatosis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Nairobi sheep disease	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Newcastle disease	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Nipah virus infection	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
paratuberculosis	Present, Localized	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
peste des petits ruminants	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
porcine enterovirus infections	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2009)
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
pullorum disease	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Q fever	Present, Localized	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
rabbit haemorrhagic disease	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
rabies	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2009); OIE (2019)
Rift Valley fever	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
rinderpest	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
scrapie	Absent	OIE (2018); OIE (2009)
sheep and goat pox	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
small hive beetle infestation	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
surra	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
theileriosis	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
transmissible gastroenteritis and porcine respiratory coronovirus infection	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Trichinella	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
trichomonosis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2009)
Tropilaelaps infestation of honey bees	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
trypanosomosis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
tuberculosis	Present, Localized	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
tularaemia	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
turkey rhinotracheitis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
varroosis of honey bees	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Venezuelan equine encephalitis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
vesicular stomatitis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2009)
visna/maedi	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2009)
West Nile fever	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)

List of Animal Diseases CSV Output

Top of page

Generate a spreadsheet of the List of Animal Diseases which also includes records from basic datasheets.

Basic datasheets include data mined from various sources (including the CAB Abstracts database). Further confirmation of distribution status should be sought before use.

Download CSV file

Land Usage

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Land Use		2018	2017	2016	2015	2014
Agricultural land	Area	257 Q	256 Q	256 Q	231 Q	230 Q
Agriculture	Area	257 Fc	256 Fc	256 Fc	231 Fc	230 Fc
Agriculture area certified organic	Area	4 I	2 I	3 I
Agriculture area under organic agric.	Area	4 I	3 I	4 I	3 I	3 I
Arable land	Area	9 Q	9 Q	9 Q	9 Q	9 Q
Country area	Area	1,381 Q	1,381 Q	1,381 Q	1,381 Q	1,381 Q
Cropland	Area	15 Q	15 Q	14 Q	14 Q	14 Q
Cropland area certified organic	Area	3 I	0 I
Cropland area under organic agric.	Area	4 I	1 I
Forest land	Area	827 Q	827 Q	827 Q	827 Q	827 Fm
Inland waters	Area	36 Fm	36 Fm	36 Fm	36 Fm	36 Fm
Land area	Area	1,345 Fm	1,345 Fm	1,345 Fm	1,345 Fm	1,345 Fm
Land area equipped for irrigation	Area	2 W	2 Q	2 Q	2 Q	2 Q
Land under perm. meadows and pastures	Area	242 Q	242 Q	241 Q	218 Q	217 Q
Land under permanent crops	Area	5 Q	5 Q	5 Q	5 Q	5 Q
Naturally regenerating forest	Area	819 Q	819 Q	819 Q	819 Q	819 Fm
Other land	Area	261 Fc	262 Fc	262 Fc	287 Fc	288 Fc
Perm. meadows & pastures - Cultivated	Area	242 Q	242 Q	241 Q	218 Q	217 Q
Perm. meadows & pastures area certified organic	Area	0 I	2 I
Perm. meadows & pastures area under organic agric.	Area	1 I	2 I
Planted Forest	Area	8 Q	8 Q	8 Q	8 Q	8 Fm
Primary Forest	Area		109 Fm	109 Fm	109 Q	109 Fm
Land under temp. meadows and pastures	Area					1 Q
Land under temporary crops	Area					7 Q
Land with temporary fallow	Area					0 Q

Flag
Fc = Calculated data
Fm = Manual Estimation
I = Country data reported by International Organizations where the country is a member (Semi-official) - WTO, EU, UNSD, etc.
Q = Official data reported on FAO Questionnaires from countries
W = Data reported on country official publications or web sites (Official) or trade country files

Units
Area = 1000 ha

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, (2021). FAOSTAT - Food and agriculture data, http://www.fao.org/faostat/. Reproduced with permission.

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Invasive Species Compendium

Datasheet

Montenegro

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Montenegro

Index

Summary

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List of Species

List of Species CSV Output

List of Animal Diseases

List of Animal Diseases CSV Output

Land Usage