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Datasheet

Italy

Index

Summary

  • Last modified
  • 09 February 2017
  • Italy
  • General data
  • Region: Western Europe
  • Area (km2): 301,000
  • Climates: Subtropical
  • Capital: Rome
  • Selected Statistics, World Bank (2007)
  • Population, total: 59,374,701
  • GNI per capita, Atlas method: US$33,490
  • GNI, Atlas method: US$1,988,232,609,792
  • GDP: US$2,101,636,890,624
  • Agriculture, value added: US$38,220,873,728

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List of Species

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The table lists the species recorded in the Compendium for this region (from the full species datasheets). It includes species that are invasive in this region, those for which there is no data on invasive status, and also species that are not invasive in the region but are reported as invasive elsewhere. This summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the distribution record. For further information, please follow the link to the datasheet.

DomainKingdomPhylumSpeciesDistributionOriginInvasiveReferences
Hypogeococcus pungens (cactus mealybug) Present only in captivity/cultivation Introduced YesSuss and Trematerra, 1986.
BacteriaActinobacteria [phylum]Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (bacterial canker of tomato) Present Bradbury, 1986; CABI/EPPO, 2009; EPPO, 2011; EPPO, 2014.
BacteriaActinobacteria [phylum]Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Potato ring rot) Absent, confirmed by survey EPPO, 2014.
BacteriaActinobacteria [phylum]Dermatophilus congolensis No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
BacteriaBacteroidetesPaenibacillus larvae Present OIE, 2009.
BacteriaFirmicutesBacillus anthracis No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
BacteriaFirmicutesCandidatus Phytoplasma asteris (yellow disease phytoplasmas) Widespread Vibio et al., 1996; Marcone et al., 1997; Seemüller et al., 1998; EPPO, 2014.
BacteriaFirmicutesGrapevine flavescence doree phytoplasma (flavescence dorée of grapevine) Restricted distribution , ; Refatti, 1993; Daire et al., 1993b; Carraro et al., 1994; Bertaccini et al., 1995; Bianco et al., 1996; Marcone et al., 1996; CABI/EPPO and, 1998; EPPO, 2011; EPPO, 2014.
BacteriaFirmicutesGrapevine yellows phytoplasmas Widespread , ; Bianco et al., 1993; Alma et al., 1996; Bianco et al., 1996; Marcone et al., 1996; Refatti et al., 1998; Martini et al., 1999.
BacteriaFirmicutesMelissococcus plutonius Present Greatti, 2005.
BacteriaFirmicutesMycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
BacteriaFirmicutesMycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) type Last reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
BacteriaFirmicutespeach yellows phytoplasma (peach yellows) Absent, invalid record EPPO, 2014.
BacteriaFirmicutesPhytoplasma mali (apple proliferation) Widespread Firrao et al., 1993; Osler et al., 2001; CABI/EPPO, 2013; EPPO, 2014.
BacteriaFirmicutesPhytoplasma prunorum (apricot chlorotic leafroll) Restricted distribution , ; Giunchedi et al., 1978; Ragozzino et al., 1983; Marcone et al., 1996; CABI/EPPO, 2010; EPPO, 2014.
BacteriaFirmicutesPhytoplasma pyri (pear decline) Widespread Giunchedi et al., 1994; CABI/EPPO, 2013; EPPO, 2014.
BacteriaProteobacteriaAcidovorax citrulli (fruit blotch) Present, few occurrences CABI/EPPO, 2011; EPPO, 2014.
BacteriaProteobacteriaAnaplasma marginale Present , .
BacteriaProteobacteriaBrucella suis Last reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
BacteriaProteobacteriaBurkholderia caryophylli (bacterial wilt of carnation) Restricted distribution Bradbury, 1986; EPPO, 2014.
BacteriaProteobacteriaBurkholderia pseudomallei No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
BacteriaProteobacteriaCoxiella burnetii No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
BacteriaProteobacteriaEhrlichia ruminantium Disease never reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
BacteriaProteobacteriaErwinia amylovora (fireblight) Restricted distribution Introduced YesCariddi, 1990; Cariddi and Piglionica, 1992; Finelli et al., 1996; CABI/EPPO, 2013; Pucci et al., 2013; EPPO, 2014.
BacteriaProteobacteriaEscherichia coli Present , .
BacteriaProteobacteriaFrancisella tularensis No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
BacteriaProteobacteriaPseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi (oleander knot) Restricted distribution Yes, ; Bradbury, 1986; Cinelli et al., 2013.
BacteriaProteobacteriaPseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (bacterial canker of kiwifruit) Restricted distribution EPPO, 2014; Scortichini, 1994; Balestra et al., 2008; EPPO, 2011a; CABI/EPPO, 2012; Cainelli et al., 2016.
BacteriaProteobacteriaRalstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato) Eradicated EPPO, 2014.
BacteriaProteobacteriaXanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (bean blight) Restricted distribution CABI/EPPO, 2007; EPPO, 2014.
BacteriaProteobacteriaXanthomonas fragariae (angular leaf spot) Restricted distribution CABI/EPPO, 2013; EPPO, 2014.
BacteriaProteobacteriaXylella fastidiosa (Pierce's disease of grapevines) Restricted distribution EPPO, 2014; Carlucci et al., 2013; CABI/EPPO, 2015; EPPO, 2015; European Food Safety Authority, 2016.
BacteriaProteobacteriaXylophilus ampelinus (canker of grapevine) Present Bradbury, 1986; CABI/EPPO, 1999; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaChromistaBacillariophytaDidymosphenia geminata (didymo) Present Battegazzore et al., 2007.
EukaryotaChromistaOomycotaAphanomyces astaci Present Introduced Cammà et al., 2010; Cornalia, 1860.
EukaryotaChromistaOomycotaPeronosclerospora sorghi (sorghum downy mildew) Absent, invalid record EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaChromistaOomycotaPhytophthora alni (phytophthora disease of alders) Present CABI/EPPO, 2008; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaChromistaOomycotaPhytophthora cambivora (root rot of forest trees) Present CABI/EPPO, 2013; Petri, 1917.
EukaryotaChromistaOomycotaPhytophthora cinnamomi (Phytophthora dieback) Restricted distribution Introduced YesIMI, 1991; Bertetti et al., 2012; Garibaldi et al., 2012; Bertetti et al., 2013; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaChromistaOomycotaPhytophthora infestans (Phytophthora blight) Present CMI, 1982.
EukaryotaChromistaOomycotaPhytophthora medicaginis (Phytophthora root rot of lucerne) Present
EukaryotaChromistaOomycotaPhytophthora ramorum (sudden oak death (SOD)) Transient: actionable, under eradication EPPO, 2014; CABI/EPPO, 2013; Ginetti et al., 2014.
EukaryotaChromistaOomycotaPlasmopara halstedii (downy mildew of sunflower) Present Zazzerini, 1983; CABI/EPPO, 2014; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaChromistaOomycotaPlasmopara viticola (grapevine downy mildew) Present CMI, 1988.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaAlternaria gaisen (black spot of Japanese pear) Restricted distribution CABI/EPPO, 2001; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaAlternaria japonica (pod spot of radish) Present Mannerucci et al., 1982; Vannacci and Pecchia, 1988; CABI/EPPO, 2002.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaAlternaria triticina (leaf blight of wheat) Present Introduced Frisullo, 1982; Casulli, 1990; Logrieco et al., 1990.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaApiognomonia errabunda (anthracnose) Widespread Mesturino and Mugnai, 1986; Ragazzi et al., 1995; Anselmi, 2001.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaBlumeria graminis (powdery mildew of grasses and cereals) Present Pasquini et al., 1996; CABI/EPPO, 2004.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaCalonectria pseudonaviculata (Buxus blight) Restricted distribution Introduced YesSaracchi et al., 2008; CABI/EPPO, 2012; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaCeratocystis fimbriata (Ceratocystis blight) Restricted distribution Introduced YesPanconesi, 1981; Panconesi, 1999; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaCeratocystis platani (canker stain of plane) Restricted distribution Introduced YesPanconesi, 1972; Cristinzio et al., 1973; Mutto Accordi, 1987; Sammarco and Torta, 1997; CABI/EPPO, 2013; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaCiborinia camelliae (flower blight) Restricted distribution Peper, 1999; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaColletotrichum acutatum (black spot of strawberry) Present CABI/EPPO, 2010; Mari et al., 2012; EPPO, 2014; Vitale and Infantino, 2014; Vitale et al., 2015; Frisullo et al., 2016.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaCryphonectria parasitica (blight of chestnut) Present EPPO, 2014; CABI/EPPO, 2015.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaCyclaneusma minus (Cyclaneusma needle-cast) Present Native Minter, 1994; Giordano and Gonthier, 2011.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaDidymascella thujina (cedar leaf blight) Widespread Introduced YesVegni and Ferro, 1964.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaDidymella fabae (leaf and pod spot) Present Introduced YesUK CAB International, 1993; Chérif et al., 2006.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaDiscula destructiva (anthracnose of dogwood) Restricted distribution CABI/EPPO, 2004; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaErysiphe platani Present CABI/EPPO, 2013.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaGibberella circinata (pitch canker) Absent, intercepted only CABI/EPPO, 2012; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaGremmeniella abietina (Brunchorstia disease) Restricted distribution UK CAB International, 1989; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaGuignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot) Absent, intercepted only CABI/EPPO, 2012; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaHymenoscyphus fraxineus (ash dieback) Present Ogris et al., 2010; CABI/EPPO, 2013; EPPO, 2014; Luchi et al., 2016.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaLachnellula willkommii (European larch canker) Present EPPO, 2014; UK CAB International, 1989.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaLeptographium procerum (white pine root decline) Present Jacobs and Wingfield, 2001.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaMonilinia fructigena (brown rot) Present CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaMycosphaerella dearnessii (brown spot needle blight) Restricted distribution , ; CABI/EPPO, 2010; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaMycosphaerella pini (Dothistroma blight) Restricted distribution CABI/EPPO, 2010; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaOphiostoma novo-ulmi (Dutch elm disease) Widespread Introduced YesGibbs, 1978.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaOphiostoma ulmi (Dutch elm disease) Widespread Introduced YesStipes et al., 1981; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaPhoma tracheiphila (mal secco) Present EPPO, 2014; CMI, 1989; CABI/EPPO, 2004; Balmas et al., 2005.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaPhyllactinia guttata (powdery mildew of hardwood trees) Present Braun, 1995.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaPseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.) Absent, confirmed by survey EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaSeiridium cardinale (cypress canker) Present Introduced YesGrasso, 1951; Grasso and Raddi, 1979; Panconesi, 1991; Graniti, 1998a; CABI/EPPO, 2014; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaSphaeropsis sapinea (Sphaeropsis blight) Present Petri, 1942; Punithalingham and Waterston, 1970.
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaTrichoconiella padwickii (stackburn disease) Present Introduced YesPorta-Puglia et al., 1996.
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaAmylostereum areolatum Present Native UK CAB International, 2009.
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaChrysomyxa rhododendri (European Rhododendron rust) Present Native NoTraverso, 1903; Spaulding, 1961; CABI/EPPO, 2012.
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaCronartium ribicola (white pine blister rust) Present CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaHeterobasidion annosum Widespread Native NoCapretti et al., 1994.
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaHeterobasidion annosum sensu lato (Heterobasidion root rot) Widespread Native NoCMI, 1980; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaHeterobasidion parviporum Restricted distribution Native NoCapretti et al., 1994.
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaPuccinia buxi Present NoBPI, US National Fungus Collections.
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaPuccinia graminis (stem rust of cereals) Widespread , ; Vallega and Zitelli, 1966.
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaPuccinia horiana (white rust of chrysanthemum) Restricted distribution , ; CABI/EPPO, 2008; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaSporisorium sacchari (Asian sugarcane smut) Absent, intercepted only Introduced YesCiferri, 1938.
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaTilletia controversa (dwarf bunt of wheat) Present CABI/EPPO, 2012; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaUrocystis agropyri (flag smut of wheat) Present IMI, 1991; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaFungiChytridiomycotaBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) Widespread Simoncelli et al., 2005.
EukaryotaFungiChytridiomycotaSynchytrium endobioticum (wart disease of potato) Restricted distribution EPPO, 2014; CABI/EPPO, 2015.
EukaryotaMetazoaAnnelidaAlitta succinea (pile worm) Present Maggiore et al., 2000; Mistri et al., 2002; Castaldelli et al., 2003; Magni et al., 2004; Munari and Mistri, 2006.
EukaryotaMetazoaAnnelidaFicopomatus enigmaticus (tubeworm) Widespread Introduced YesBianchi, 1981a.
EukaryotaMetazoaAnnelidaLumbricus rubellus Present Introduced Gates, 1972.
EukaryotaMetazoaAnnelidaLumbricus terrestris Present YesGates, 1972.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAcanthococcus araucariae Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAcarapis woodi (honeybee mite) Present EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAcartia tonsa Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAcizzia hollisi Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAcrolepiopsis assectella (leek moth) Present Della Beffa, 1949; Frediani, 1954; Zambelli, 1960; CABI/EPPO, 2007; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaActias isabellae Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAculops lycopersici (tomato russet mite) Restricted distribution Vacante, 1982; Vacante, 1985; Manzaroli and Benuzzi, 1995; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAdelges piceae (balsam woolly adelgid) Widespread Native No, ; CABI/EPPO, 2012.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) Present Introduced YesISSG, 2011.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAethina tumida Localised Introduced Mutinelli et al., 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAgardhiella subulata Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAgrotis ipsilon (black cutworm) Widespread , ; , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAleuroclava guyavae Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly) Present Genduso and Liotta, 1980; Patti and Rapisarda, 1981; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAlocentron curvirostre Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAmblyomma variegatum (tropical bont tick) Present
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAmetropus fragilis Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAmphibalanus improvisus (bay barnacle) Present, few occurrences Introduced YesRelini et al., 1976; Relini et al., 1998; Galil, 2011.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAnastatus tenuipes Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAnisodactylus binotatus Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAnisopilothrips venustulus Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAnoplophora chinensis (black and white citrus longhorn) Restricted distribution Colombo and Limonta, 2001; EPPO, 2002a; CABI/EPPO, 2008; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAnoplophora glabripennis (Asian longhorned beetle) Present, few occurrences EPPO, 2014; CABI/EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAnthicus czernohorskyi Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAnthonomus grandis (Mexican cotton boll weevil) Absent, confirmed by survey EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAnthrenocerus australis Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAntispila oinophylla Present Nieukerken et al., 2012; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAonidiella aurantii (red scale) Present , ; Rose, 1990.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAphis craccivora (groundnut aphid) Present CIE, 1983.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAphis gossypii (cotton aphid) Present UK CAB International, 1968.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAphis oenotherae Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid) Present Introduced YesCABI/EPPO, 2001.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAphis spiraephaga Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaApopestes spectrum Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAppendiseta robiniae Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAromia bungii (red necked longicorn) Present, few occurrences Introduced YesGaronna, 2012; EPPO, 2012b; Bariselli and Bugiani, 2013; Garonna et al., 2013; EPPO, 2013c; CABI/EPPO, 2014; EPPO, 2014; Nugnes et al., 2014a.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaArtemia (brine shrimp) Present Native Van Stappen, 2002.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAspidapion validum Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAspidiotus destructor (coconut scale) Present Longo et al., 1995.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAspidomorpha cincta Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAtheta dilutipennis Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAtheta mucronata Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAtomaria lewisi Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAustrominius modestus Localised Introduced Casellato et al., 2007.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBactrocera oleae (olive fruit fly) Widespread Fimiani, 1989; EPPO, 2014; CABI/EPPO, 2015.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBagnalliella yuccae Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBambusaspis bambusae Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly) Widespread CABI/EPPO, 1998; EPPO, 2014; Parrella et al., 2016.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBemisia tabaci (MEAM1) (silverleaf whitefly) Restricted distribution Beitia et al., 1997; CABI/EPPO, 1999; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBemisia tabaci (MED) (silverleaf whitefly) Present Cavalieri et al., 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBombus terrestris (bumble bee) Present Native Estoup et al., 1996.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBrevipalpus phoenicis (false spider mite) Present CABI/EPPO, 2013.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCacoecimorpha pronubana (carnation tortrix) Widespread CABI/EPPO, 2014; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCalacarus carinatus (purple tea mite) Present CABI/EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCallidiellum rufipenne (Japanese cedar longhorn beetle) Present, few occurrences Introduced NoCampadelli and Sama, 1989; CABI/EPPO, 2009; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCallinectes sapidus (blue crab) Present Introduced NoSmithsonian Marine Station, SMS.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCameraria ohridella (horsechestnut leafminer) Widespread Introduced YesHellrigl, 1998a; Hellrigl, 2001; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCerataphis lataniae (palm aphid) Present Introduced YesBogs Braasch, 1986; CABI/EPPO, 2007.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCeratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) Widespread Introduced YesFimiani, 1989; EPPO, 2014; CABI/EPPO, 2015.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCeutorhynchus obstrictus (cabbage seed pod weevil) Present Albertini et al., 1988; Colonnelli, 2004.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCherax destructor (yabby) Localised Introduced Scalici et al., 2009.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCherax quadricarinatus (redclaw crayfish) Present only in captivity/cultivation Introduced D'Agaro et al., 1999.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaChrysodeixis chalcites (golden twin-spot moth) Present Native CIE, 1977; Karsholt and Razowski, 1996.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaChrysolina americana (rosemary beetle) Restricted distribution Bibolini, 1964.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaChrysomphalus aonidum (circular scale) Present, few occurrences Longo et al., 1995; Danzig and Pellizzari, 1998; Pellizzari and Vacante, 2007; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaChrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale) Widespread CIE, 1969; Longo et al., 1995; Danzig and Pellizzari, 1998.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCinara cupressi sensu lato (Cypress aphid) Present Introduced YesBinazzi, 1978; Binazzi et al., 1998; Watson et al., 1999.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCoccinella septempunctata (seven-spot ladybird) Present Native Kajita et al., 2012; Barbagallo et al., 1982; Tumminelli et al., 2004.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm) Disease never reported OIE, 2009.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCorythucha ciliata (sycamore lace bug) Widespread Introduced YesMaceljski, 1986; CABI/EPPO, 2013; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCrocidosema plebejana (cotton tipworm) Present Introduced Zeller , 1847; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCryptococcus fagisuga (beech coccus) Present Covassi, 1975; CIE, 1979; Kosztarab and Kozar, 1988.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCryptotermes brevis (powderpost termite) Restricted distribution Introduced YesLiotta and Matranga, 1999; Raineri et al., 2001.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCtenarytaina eucalypti (blue gum psyllid) Present Introduced YesCavalcaselle, 1982; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCydalima perspectalis (box tree moth) Restricted distribution Introduced YesCABI/EPPO, 2012; Bella, 2013; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDendroctonus micans (great spruce bark beetle) Restricted distribution Battisti, 1984; Wood and Bright, 1992; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDiabrotica virgifera virgifera (western corn rootworm) Restricted distribution Introduced YesKiss et al., 2005b; EPPO, 2011; CABI/EPPO, 2012; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDialeurodes citri (citrus whitefly) Present Mound and Halsey, 1978; IIE, 1996; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDiaspidiotus perniciosus (San José scale) Widespread Kosztarab and Kozár, 1988; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDikerogammarus villosus (killer shrimp) Present Introduced YesCasellato et al., 2006; Casellato et al., 2008.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDiprion similis (white pine sawfly) Restricted distribution Native NoCasale and Currado, 1981; Liston, 1995.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDiuraphis noxia (Russian wheat aphid) Present Hopper et al., 1997; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDreyfusia nordmannianae (silver fir adelges) Unconfirmed record
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDrosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila) Restricted distribution Introduced Grassi et al., 2011; Pansa et al., 2011; EPPO, 2011b; CABI/EPPO, 2012; Grassi and Pallaoro, 2012; EPPO, 2014; Mori and Marchesini, 2014; Baser et al., 2015.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDryocosmus kuriphilus (Oriental chestnut gall wasp) Widespread EPPO, 2014; Bosio et al., 2010; Quacchia et al., 2013; CABI/EPPO, 2015.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDuponchelia fovealis (Southern European marshland pyralid) Present Native Nodalla Guda et al., 1988; Arzone and Demichelis, 1989; Trematerra, 1990; Karsholt and Razowski, 1996; CABI/EPPO, 2008; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug) Restricted distribution Tranfaglia, 1983.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDysmicoccus neobrevipes (grey pineapple mealybug) Present Tranfaglia, 1983; García et al., 2016.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaElatobium abietinum (green spruce aphid) Restricted distribution Native NoKloft et al., 1964.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaEphestia kuehniella (Mediterranean flour moth) Present Trematerra and Fiorilli, 2000.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaEpichoristodes acerbella (South African carnation tortrix) Restricted distribution Baraldi and Baraldi, 1996; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaEriosoma lanigerum (woolly aphid) Widespread CIE, 1975.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaEulachnus rileyi (pine needle aphid) Present Introduced Yes, ; Tremblay and DeBiase, 1970.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaForficula auricularia (European earwig) Present Maccolini, 2015.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaFrankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) Widespread Introduced YesCABI/EPPO, 1999; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaGilpinia hercyniae (spruce sawfly) Restricted distribution EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaGlycaspis brimblecombei (red gum lerp psyllid) Restricted distribution Laudonia and Garonna, 2010; Germinara et al., 2011; Frasconi et al., 2013; EPPO, 2014; CABI/EPPO, 2015.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaGonipterus scutellatus (eucalyptus snout beetle) Restricted distribution Introduced Arzone and Meotto, 1978; Cadahia, 1986; CABI/EPPO, 2010; Mazza et al., 2012; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaGrapholita molesta (Oriental fruit moth) Widespread EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaGynaikothrips ficorum (Cuban laurel thrips) Present Laudonia and Viggiani, 2005.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaGypsonoma aceriana (poplar twig borer) Widespread Native Razowski, 1996.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHalyomorpha halys (brown marmorated stink bug) Restricted distribution Introduced CABI/EPPO, 2013; Pansa et al., 2013; EPPO, 2014; Maistrello et al., 2014; EPPO, 2018.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHarmonia axyridis (harlequin ladybird) Present Introduced CABI/EPPO, 2007; Brown et al., 2008a; EPPO, 2014; Parrella et al., 2015; Menchetti et al., 2016.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHelicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) Restricted distribution IIE, 1993; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHeliothrips haemorrhoidalis (black tea thrips) Present CIE, 1961; Ragusa and Russo, 1989.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHemiberlesia lataniae (latania scale) Present CIE, 1976.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHemiberlesia rapax (greedy scale (USA)) Present Bianchi et al., 1994.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHylobius abietis (large pine weevil) Present CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHylurgops palliatus (lesser spruce shoot beetle) Present Native NoWood & Bright, 2002
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHylurgus ligniperda (red-haired pine bark beetle) Present Native NoRusso, 1946; CABI/EPPO, 2010.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHyphantria cunea (mulberry moth) Restricted distribution EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaIcerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale) Present Introduced YesCIE, 1971; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaInsignorthezia insignis (greenhouse orthezia) Present CIE, 1957.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaIps cembrae (large larch bark beetle) Restricted distribution Native NoEPPO/CABI and, 1997; CABI/EPPO, 2007; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaIps typographus (eight-toothed bark beetle) Restricted distribution Native Lozzia, 1993; BAWBILT, 2002; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLasius neglectus (invasive garden ant) Present Introduced ISSG, 2011.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLeptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle) Widespread Pucci and Dominici, 1988; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLeptoglossus occidentalis (western conifer-seed bug) Restricted distribution EPPO, 2014; CABI/EPPO, 2010.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLeucoptera malifoliella (pear leaf blister moth) Present EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLilioceris lilii (lily leaf beetle) Widespread Native NoCox, 2001; Anderson and Bell, 2002; Haye and Kenis, 2004; CABI/EPPO, 2010.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLimnoria quadripunctata (gribble) Localised NoMenzies and Becker, 1957.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLinepithema humile (Argentine ant) Present Collingwood et al., 1997.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLiriomyza cicerina Present NoMartinez, 2007.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLiriomyza huidobrensis (serpentine leafminer) Restricted distribution Introduced Suss, 1991; CABI/EPPO, 2002; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLiriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer) Widespread Süss, 1995; CABI/EPPO, 1997; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLissorhoptrus oryzophilus (rice water weevil) Restricted distribution CABI/EPPO, 2011; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLobesia botrana (grape berry moth) Widespread Viggiani and Tranfaglia, 1975; Tranfaglia and Malatesta, 1977; Laccone, 1978; Deseo et al., 1981; Nuzzaci and Triggiani, 1982; Russo et al., 1985; Moleas, 1988; Baumgartner and Baronio, 1989; Dalla-Monta and Giannone, 1991; Silvestri, 1992; Varner and Ioriatti, 1992; Bagnoli et al., 1993; Delrio et al., 1993; Pavan et al., 1993; Marchesini and Dalla-Monta, 1994; Pavan and Sbrissa, 1994; Mattedi et al., 1995; Nucifora et al., 1996; CABI/EPPO, 2012; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLymantria dispar (gypsy moth) Widespread Giese and Schneider, 1979; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLymantria monacha (nun moth) Restricted distribution Native YesGrijpma , 1989; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMacrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid) Present Introduced NoCIE, 1984.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMarsupenaeus japonicus (kuruma shrimp) Restricted distribution DAISIE, 2011.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMatsucoccus feytaudi (maritime pine bast scale) Restricted distribution Burban et al., 1999; CABI/EPPO, 2001; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMegaplatypus mutatus Restricted distribution Introduced Tremblay et al., 2000; CABI/EPPO, 2006; Allegro and Griffo, 2008; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMeligethes aeneus (rape beetle) Widespread Audisio, 1993; CABI/EPPO, 2001.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMetcalfa pruinosa (frosted moth-bug) Widespread Zangheri and Donadini, 1980; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMonochamus saltuarius (Japanese pine sawyer) Restricted distribution Bense, 1995; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMonochamus sutor (small white-marmorated longicorn) Restricted distribution Native YesAlthoff and Danilevsky, 1997; CABI/EPPO, 2009; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMythimna unipuncta (rice armyworm) Present Introduced CIE, 1967.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMytilicola intestinalis (mussel red worm) Present Native Trotti et al., 1998.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMyzus cerasi (black cherry aphid) Present Fontanari et al., 1993.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMyzus persicae (green peach aphid) Present CIE, 1979.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaNeodiprion sertifer (European pine sawfly) Restricted distribution Native NoPollini, 1979; Baronio et al., 1989; Baronio et al., 1997.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaNezara viridula (green stink bug) Widespread Colazza and Bin, 1995; CABI/EPPO, 1998.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaNipaecoccus nipae (spiked mealybug) Present, few occurrences CABI/EPPO, 2005.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaObolodiplosis robiniae (black locust gall midge) Present Bella, 2007; CABI/EPPO, 2011; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaOpogona sacchari (banana moth) Restricted distribution Introduced YesRotundo and Tremblay, 1982; Porcelli and Parenzan, 1993; CABI and EPPO, 1999; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaOryzaephilus surinamensis (saw toothed grain beetle) Present Trematerra and Sciarretta, 2004.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaOstrinia nubilalis (European maize borer) Present , ; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaOtiorhynchus sulcatus (vine weevil) Widespread del and Bene Parrini, 1986; Abbazzi et al., 1995; Baraldi and Baraldi, 1996; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPacifastacus leniusculus (American signal crayfish) Present Introduced Lewis , 2002.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPalaemon elegans (rock shrimp) Present Native Nod'Udekem d'Acoz, 1999.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaParanthrene tabaniformis (poplar clearwing moth) Widespread Arru and Lapietra, 1974; Bertucci, 1986.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaParatrechina longicornis (crazy ant) Present Introduced ISSG, 2011.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaParthenolecanium persicae (peach scale) Present CIE, 1979; Longo et al., 1995; Fortusini et al., 1996; Montá et al., 2001.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPaysandisia archon (South American palm borer) Present Introduced Espinosa et al., 2003; ARPAT, 2004; Riolo et al., 2004; Porcelli et al., 2005; Bariselli and Vai, 2009; EPPO, 2009a; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm) Present IIE, 1990; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPenaeus monodon (giant tiger prawn) Introduced, establishment uncertain Introduced DIAS, 2007.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPercnon gibbesi (sally lightfoot crab) Widespread Introduced YesRelini et al., 2000; Pipitone et al., 2001; Mori and Vacchi, 2002; Cannicci et al., 2004; Russo and Villani, 2005.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPheidole megacephala (big-headed ant) Present Introduced YesBolton, 1995.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPhloeomyzus passerinii (poplar woolly aphid) Widespread Native YesDella Beffa, 1936.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPhoracantha semipunctata (eucalyptus longhorned borer) Restricted distribution EPPO, 2014; CABI/EPPO, 2007.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPhthorimaea operculella (potato tuber moth) Restricted distribution CABI/EPPO, 2012; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPhyllocnistis citrella (citrus leaf miner) Restricted distribution , ; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPhyllocnistis vitegenella Present Duso et al., 2011; , ; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPieris brassicae (large cabbage white) Widespread Higgins, 1983; Fabbris, 1990; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPieris rapae (cabbage white butterfly) Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPineus pini (pine woolly aphid) Widespread Native Yes, ; Toccafondi et al., 1991.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPissodes castaneus (small banded pine weevil) Widespread Native Cecconi, 1924; CAB European, 1998; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPityogenes chalcographus (sixtoothed spruce bark beetls) Widespread Native NoBeffa , 1949.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPityokteines curvidens (fir engraver beetle) Present Native YesTargioni-Tozzetti, 1879; Targioni-Tozzetti, 1884; Cecconi, 1897; Masutti, 1964; Masutti, 1965; Pennacchio et al., 2002a.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPlanococcus citri (citrus mealybug) Present Mineo, 1992; Barbagallo et al., 1993; CABI/EPPO, 1999.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPlutella xylostella (diamondback moth) Present CIE, 1967.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPolyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mite) Present CIE, 1986.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPortunus segnis Localised Introduced Crocetta, 2006; Ghisotti, 1966; Torchio, 1967; Ariani and Serra, 1969.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPrays citri (citrus flower moth) Restricted distribution , ; Della Beffa, 1961; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaProcambarus clarkii (red swamp crayfish) Present Introduced YesHoldich and et al. , 1999.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaProcambarus fallax f. virginalis (Marmorkrebs) Present, few occurrences Introduced Nonnis Marzano et al., 2009.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaProstephanus truncatus (larger grain borer) Present Suma and Russo, 2005.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPseudaulacaspis pentagona (mulberry scale) Present Kosztarab and Kozár, 1988; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPseudococcus viburni (obscure mealybug) Present Introduced Tranfaglia, 1973; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPseudodiaptomus marinus Present Introduced YesOlazabal and Tirelli, 2011; Sabia et al., 2012; Pansera et al., 2014; Lucic et al., 2015.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPyrrhalta luteola (elm leaf beetle) Present Native Beenen, 2006; Howard, 1899; Smith, 1990; Krafsur and Nariboli, 1995.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaRhagoletis cingulata (cherry fruit fly) Absent, reported but not confirmed CABI/EPPO, 2015.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaRhagoletis completa (walnut husk fly) Restricted distribution Ciampolini and Trematerra, 1992; CABI/EPPO, 2014; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaRhinocyllus conicus (thistle-head weevil) Widespread Native NoAlonso-Zarazaga and Talamelli, 2011.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaRhithropanopeus harrisii Localised Introduced Mizzan and Zanella, 1996; Galil et al., 2002.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaRhyacionia buoliana (European pine shoot moth) Present EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaRhynchophorus ferrugineus (red palm weevil) Widespread CABI/EPPO, 2016; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaRhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer) Present Trematerra and Daolio, 1990; Suss et al., 1991.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSaissetia oleae (olive scale) Present De Lotto, 1965; CIE, 1973; Ben-Dov, 1993.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSaperda carcharias (large poplar borer) Present De Bellis, 1969.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSaperda populnea (small poplar borer) Present Contarini and Garagnani, 1980; Goidanich, 1983.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaScolytus intricatus (European oak bark beetle) Present Native YesWood and Bright, 1992.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaScyphophorus acupunctatus (agave weevil) Present, few occurrences EPPO, 2014; CABI/EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSesamia cretica (greater sugarcane borer) Widespread Native NoCIE, 1968; Cayrol, 1972; CABI/EPPO, 2001; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSiphoninus phillyreae (ash whitefly) Present Mound and Halsey, 1978; Patti and Rapisarda, 1981; CABI/EPPO, 2013.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSirex noctilio (woodwasp) Widespread Native Smith, 1978; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSitophilus granarius (grain weevil) Present Champ and Dyte, 1976.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSitophilus oryzae (lesser grain weevil) Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSitophilus zeamais (greater grain weevil) Present Gelosi and Arcozzi, 1983.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSitotroga cerealella (grain moth) Present Trematerra and Gentile, 2002.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSpodoptera littoralis (cotton leafworm) Restricted distribution CIE, 1967; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaTapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant) Present Introduced Wetterer, 2009.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaTetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) Present IIE, 1996.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaTetropium castaneum (black spruce beetle) Widespread Native NoCFIA, 2002; Danilevsky, 2003.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaTetropium fuscum (brown spruce longhorn beetle) Widespread Native NoDanilevsky, 2003.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaThaumastocoris peregrinus (bronze bug) Present Introduced YesLaudonia and Sasso, 2012; CABI/EPPO, 2013; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaThaumatotibia leucotreta (false codling moth) Absent, intercepted only Mazza et al., 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaThaumetopoea pityocampa (pine processionary) Widespread Native , ; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaThaumetopoea processionea (oak processionary moth) Present Marziali et al., 2011; Bay, 1961; Goidanich, 1983; Niccoli and Tiberi, 1986.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaTipula paludosa (European crane fly) Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaTomicus piniperda (common pine shoot beetle) Widespread Faccoli, 2001.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaToxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid) Absent, invalid record CABI/EPPO, 1998; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaTremex fuscicornis (Tremex wasp) Present Native NoSmith, 1978.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaTrialeurodes vaporariorum (whitefly, greenhouse) Present , ; Colombo, 1993; Giorgini and Viggiani, 1994; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaTrioza erytreae (African citrus psyllid) Absent, confirmed by survey EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaTrogoderma granarium (khapra beetle) Absent, intercepted only Banks and, 1977; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaTuta absoluta (tomato leafminer) Widespread CABI/EPPO, 2013; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaVarroa destructor (Varroa mite) Present OIE, 2009; Mazzone et al., 2004; Parrella et al., 2004; Greatti, 2005.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaVespa velutina (Asian Hornet) Present, few occurrences Introduced YesFederazione Apicoltori Italiani, 2013.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaVespula germanica (German wasp) Widespread Native NoGiordani-Soika and Borsato, 1995.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaViteus vitifoliae (grapevine phylloxera) Present EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaXyleborinus saxesenii (fruit-tree pinhole borer) Present Native NoWood and Bright, 1992.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaXyleborus dispar (pear blight beetle) Restricted distribution Native NoViggiani, 1979; Zöggeler, 1987.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaXyleborus perforans (island pinhole borer) Absent, intercepted only Introduced Cola and, 1971; Cola and, 1973.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaXyleborus volvulus Absent, intercepted only Introduced Cola and, 1971; Cola and, 1973.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaXylosandrus compactus (shot-hole borer) Present Pennacchio et al., 2012; Francardi et al., 2012; Garonna et al., 2012; EPPO, 2013.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaXylosandrus crassiusculus (Asian ambrosia beetle) Present Introduced Pennacchio et al., 2003; CABI/EPPO, 2009; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaXylosandrus germanus (black timber bark beetle) Present Introduced Yes, ; , ; CABI/EPPO, 2008; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaXylosandrus morigerus (brown twig beetle) Present, few occurrences Introduced NoWood and Bright, 1992; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaBryozoaTricellaria inopinata Widespread Introduced Yesd'Hondt and Occhipinti-Ambrogi, 1985.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataAbudefduf vaigiensis Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataAlburnus alburnus (bleak) Present Introduced YesKottelat and Freyhof, 2007; Froese and Pauly, 2004.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataAlopochen aegyptiaca (Egyptian goose) Localised Introduced NoBanks et al., 2008.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataAmatitlania nigrofasciata (convict cichlid) Localised Introduced Piazzini et al., 2010.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataAmeiurus melas (black bullhead) Present Introduced Gandolfi and et al. , 1991; Froese and Pauly, 2004.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataAmeiurus nebulosus (brown bullhead) Present Introduced Amori et al., 1993; FAO, Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataAnser indicus (bar-headed goose) Localised Introduced NoBlair et al., 2000.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataArenaria serpyllifolia (thymeleaf sandwort) Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataAristichthys nobilis (bighead carp) Present Introduced Welcomme, 1988; FishBase, 2004; Froese and Pauly, 2004.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataAspius aspius (asp) Present Introduced Froese and Pauly, 2011.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataAstronotus ocellatus (oscar) Absent, formerly present Introduced NoFroese and Pauly, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataBotrylloides violaceus (violet tunicate) Present DAISIE, 2011.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataBranta canadensis (Canada goose) Localised Introduced Banks et al., 2008.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataBubalus bubalis (Asian water buffalo) Present only in captivity/cultivation NoCockrill, 1977; Long, 2003; Borghese, 2005.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataCallosciurus finlaysonii (Finlayson's squirrel) Present Introduced YesThorington et al., 2012; Bertolino and Lurz, 2013.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataCarassius auratus auratus (goldfish) Present Introduced Froese and Pauly, 2009.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataCervus canadensis (wapiti) Localised Introduced IUCN, 2017.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataCervus elaphus (red deer) Present Native NoIUCN, 2017.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataCtenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) Present Introduced NoShireman and Smith, 1983.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataCyprinus carpio (common carp) Present Introduced NoFAO, 1996. CAB Abstracts
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataEsox lucius (pike) Present Native Froese and Pauly, 2004; Gandolfi et al., 1991.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataGambusia affinis (western mosquitofish) Present Introduced Froese and Pauly, 2010.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataGambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish) Present Introduced YesKrumholz, 1948.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataGymnocephalus cernuus (ruffe) Present Introduced YesGandolfi et al., 1991.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataHypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) Present Introduced Froese and Pauly, 2004; FishBase, 2005.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataIctalurus punctatus (channel catfish) Localised Introduced Amori and et al. , 1993; Copp et al., 2005; Ligas, 2007; Cowx and Nunn, 2008.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataIguana iguana (iguana) Reported present or known to be present Introduced Arena et al., 2012.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataLeiothrix lutea (red-billed leiothrix) Localised Introduced Farina et al., 2013; eBird, 2015.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataLepomis gibbosus (pumpkinseed) Widespread Introduced Tandon, 1977b; Orrù et al., 2008.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataLepus europaeus (European hare) Widespread Native NoLo et al., 1997; Angelici and Luiselli, 2001; Pietri et al., 2011.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataMicrocosmus squamiger Widespread Introduced YesTuron et al., 2007.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataMicropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) Widespread Introduced YesBianco and Ketmaier, 2001; Froese and Pauly, 2004.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataMisgurnus anguillicaudatus (oriental weatherloach) Present Introduced Froese and Pauly, 2009.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataMustela furo (ferret) Present
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataNeovison vison (American mink) Present Introduced YesBonesi and Palazon, 2007.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataOncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) Present Introduced Gandolfi et al., 1991; Froese and Pauly, 2004; DAISIE, 2011.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataOncorhynchus tshawytscha (chinook salmon) Present Introduced NoFroese and Pauly, 2004.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataOreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia) Present Introduced Pullin et al., 1997.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataOreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) Present Introduced Pullin et al., 1997; Bartley, 2006; Andaloro et al., 2012.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataOvis aries musimon (European mouflon) Localised Introduced NoTomiczek, 1985.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataPerca fluviatilis (perch) Present Introduced Fishbase, 2004.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataPetromyzon marinus (sea lamprey) Present Native Muus and Dahlström, 1978.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataPhasianus colchicus (common pheasant) Widespread Introduced Santilli and Bagliacca, 2011; eBird, 2015; BirdLife International, 2015a.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataPhoxinus phoxinus (European minnow) Present Native Froese and Pauly, 2008.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataPodarcis sicula (Italian wall lizard) Present Introduced Biaggini et al., 2009; Capula, 1994; Lo and Nicolini, 2001; Corti and Lo, 2002; Bruekers, 2003; Lever, 2003.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataPoecilia reticulata (guppy) Present, few occurrences Introduced Holcík, 1991.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataPolyandrocarpa zorritensis Widespread Introduced NoBrunetti, 1978; Brunetti and Mastrototaro, 2004.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataPseudorasbora parva (topmouth gudgeon) Present Introduced YesBianco and Ketmaier, 2001.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataPsittacula krameri (rose-ringed parakeet) Localised Introduced BirdLife International, 2009; Strubbe and Matthysen, 2009a.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataRana catesbeiana (American bullfrog) Present Introduced YesTouratier, 1992b; Zavod Symbiosis, 2005; Kraus, 2009.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataRattus rattus (black rat) Present Introduced YesISSG, 2011.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataRutilus rutilus (roach) Present Introduced YesKottelat and Freyhof, 2007; Gandolfi et al., 1991; Bianco and Ketmaier, 2001; Froese and Pauly, 2004.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataSalmo salar (Atlantic salmon) Present Native Gandolfi et al., 1991; Froese and Pauly, 2004.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataSalmo trutta (sea trout) Present Native Gandolfi et al., 1991; Froese and Pauly, 2004.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataSalvelinus fontinalis (brook trout) Present Introduced Froese and Pauly, 2004; Elvira, 2001.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataSalvelinus namaycush (lake trout) Native Bianco and Ketmaier, 2001.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataSander lucioperca (pike-perch) Present Introduced Gandolfi et al., 1991; Froese and Pauly, 2004.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataScardinius erythrophthalmus (rudd) Present Native Froese and Pauly, 2004; Muus and Dahlström, 1968.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataSilurus glanis (wels catfish) Present Introduced Froese and Pauly, 2012.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataSqualius cephalus (European chub) Present Introduced YesKottelat and Freyhof, 2007.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataSus scrofa [ISC] (feral pig) Present Native Boitani et al., 1995.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataTamias sibiricus (Siberian chipmunk) Localised Introduced Armori and Gippoliti, 1995; Bertolino and Genovesi, 2005.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataThreskiornis aethiopicus (sacred ibis) Widespread Introduced Clergeau and Yésou, 2006.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataTinca tinca (tench) Present Introduced FishBase, 2004.
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataTyto alba (Barn owl) Present Native NoBruce, 1999.
EukaryotaMetazoaCnidariaCordylophora (euryhaline hydroid) Present Introduced YesMorri, 1979.
EukaryotaMetazoaCnidariaGonionemus vertens Present Introduced Nappi, 1918.
EukaryotaMetazoaCnidariaMyxobolus cerebralis (whirling disease agent) Present NoScolari, 1954.
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaAeluropus littoralis Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaAeolidiella indica Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaAnadara demiri Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaAnadara inaequivalvis Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaAplysia dactylomela Present , .
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaArcuatula senhousia (Asian date mussel) Localised Introduced YesLazzari and Rinaldi, 1994.
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaArion vulgaris (Spanish slug) Localised Introduced YesCesari, 1978.
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaBrachidontes pharaonis Widespread Introduced Galil, 2006; Sarà et al., 2006.
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaCandidula intersecta (wrinkled dune snail) Present Hitchcox, 2007.
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaCornu aspersum (common garden snail) Widespread Native NoReichling, 1950; Taylor, 1914; Elmslie, 1982; Godan, 1983.
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaCrassostrea gigas (Pacific oyster) Present Introduced YesMatta, 1969; Ghisotti, 1971; Sarà and Mazzola, 1997; Occhipinti Ambrogi, 2001.
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaCrepidula fornicata (American slipper limpet) Localised Introduced NoNatale ADi, 1982.
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaDeroceras invadens (tramp slug) Present Native NoReise et al., 2011.
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaDeroceras laeve (meadow slug) Present Native NoFauna Europea, 2015.
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaDreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel) Present Introduced YesGiusti and Oppi, 1972.
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaLimax maximus (leopard slug) Widespread Native NoBetta Ede, 1853; Alzona, 1971.
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaMytilus galloprovincialis (Mediterranean mussel) Present Native Hickman, 1992.
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaOxychilus alliarius (garlic snail) Present Native Welter-Schultes, 2013.
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaPinctada imbricata radiata (rayed pearl oyster) Present Introduced YesStasolla et al., 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaPotamopyrgus antipodarum (New Zealand mudsnail) Widespread Introduced Cianfanelli et al., 2007.
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaRapana venosa (veined rapana whelk) Widespread Introduced NoGhisotti, 1974.
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaRuditapes philippinarum (Japanese carpet shell) Present Introduced YesBartoli et al., 2001; Breber, 2002; CIESM, 2003; Solidoro et al., 2003.
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaTheba pisana (white garden snail) Present EPPO, 2014; Taylor, 1906-1914; Sacchi, 1971; Cowie, 1982; Cowie, 1983; Cowie, 1984b; Baker, 1986; Cowie, 1990; Bank, 2007.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaAnguillicoloides crassus Widespread Introduced YesCanestri-Trotti, 1987; Koops and Hartmann, 1989.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaAphelenchoides besseyi (rice leaf nematode) Restricted distribution Orsenigo, 1954; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaAphelenchoides fragariae (strawberry crimp nematode) Present Tacconi, 1972; CABI/EPPO, 2002; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaAphelenchoides ritzemabosi (Chrysanthemum foliar eelworm) Present Vovlas and Lamberti, 1973; Lamberti et al., 1987; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaBursaphelenchus xylophilus (pine wilt nematode) Absent, confirmed by survey EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaDitylenchus destructor (potato tuber nematode) Absent, unreliable record EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaDitylenchus dipsaci (stem and bulb nematode) Present , ; Inserra and Lamberti, 1972; Tacconi, 1972; CABI/EPPO, 2009; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaGlobodera pallida (white potato cyst nematode) Present, few occurrences Introduced CABI/EPPO, 2011; Greco et al., 1994; EPPO, 2011; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaGlobodera rostochiensis (yellow potato cyst nematode) Widespread Introduced YesCABI/EPPO, 2011; EPPO, 2011; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaGlobodera tabacum (tobacco cyst nematode) Present Ambrogioni and D'Errico, 1995; CABI/EPPO, 2004.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaHelicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode) Present , ; CABI/EPPO, 2003.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaHeterodera ciceri (chickpea cyst nematode) Present CABI/EPPO, 2003.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaHeterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode) Present, few occurrences CABI/EPPO, 2011; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaHeterodera goettingiana (pea cyst eelworm) Present Garofalo, 1964; CABI/EPPO, 2003; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaMeloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode) Present CABI/EPPO, 2003.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaMeloidogyne chitwoodi (columbia root-knot nematode) Present, few occurrences CABI/EPPO, 2012.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaMeloidogyne hapla (root knot nematode) Present Ambrogioni, 1969; CABI/EPPO, 2002.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaMeloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) Present CABI/EPPO, 2002; d'Errico et al., 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaMeloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm) Present CABI/EPPO, 2002.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaPratylenchus coffeae (banana root nematode) Present CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaRadopholus similis (burrowing nematode) Restricted distribution CABI/EPPO, 1999; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaTrichinella No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaTylenchulus semipenetrans (citrus root nematode) Widespread Biraghi, 1940; CABI/EPPO, 1999; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaXiphinema diversicaudatum (dagger nematode) Widespread Brown and Taylor, 1987; CABI/EPPO, 2001; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaXiphinema index (fan-leaf virus nematode) Present Roca et al., 1988; Coiro et al., 1989; Roca et al., 1991; Catalano et al., 1992; CABI/EPPO, 2000; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaMetazoaPlatyhelminthesBothriocephalus acheilognathi Present Introduced YesMinervini et al., 1985.
EukaryotaMetazoaPlatyhelminthesEchinococcus Present OIE, 2009.
EukaryotaMetazoaPlatyhelminthesObama nungara Present, few occurrences Introduced Carbayo et al., 2016.
EukaryotaPlanctomycetes [kingdom]Chlamydophila psittaci Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeChlorophytaCaulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea Widespread Introduced YesAlongi et al., 1993; Verlaque et al., 2003; Piazzi et al., 2005.
EukaryotaPlantaeChlorophytaCaulerpa taxifolia (killer algae) Present Introduced YesMeinesz et al., 2001; FAO-DIAS, 2008; Guiry and Guiry, 2008.
EukaryotaPlantaeChlorophytaCodium fragile subsp. tomentosoides Widespread Introduced YesGuiry and Guiry, 2007.
EukaryotaPlantaeChlorophytaUlva ohnoi Present Introduced Flagella et al., 2007.
EukaryotaPlantaeHaptophytaPrymnesium parvum (golden algae) Present Introduced YesMattioli and Simoni, 1999.
EukaryotaPlantaePhaeophytaSargassum muticum (wire weed) Localised Introduced YesCuriel et al., 1998.
EukaryotaPlantaePhaeophytaUndaria pinnatifida (Asian kelp) Present Introduced Cecere et al., 2000; Curiel et al., 2001.
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaAzolla filiculoides (water fern) Present Introduced YesRoyal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2003; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaCyrtomium falcatum (Japanese holly fern) Present Introduced Bonafede et al., 1993; Marchetti, 2004.
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaEquisetum arvense (field horsetail) Present Holm et al., 1991.
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaPteridium aquilinum (bracken) Widespread Native Tutin and et al, 1964.
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaSalvinia molesta (Kariba weed) Present YesGarbari et al., 2000; Giardini, 2003; Giardini et al., 2012; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeRhodophytaAsparagopsis armata (Harpoon weed) Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeRhodophytaGrateloupia turuturu Localised Introduced YesTolomio, 1993; Sfriso and Curiel, 2007.
EukaryotaPlantaeRhodophytaHypnea musciformis Present Native Furnari et al., 2003; Serio et al., 2006.
EukaryotaPlantaeRhodophytaPolysiphonia brodiei Widespread Native NoGiaccone, 1969; Furnari et al., 1999; Gómez et al., 2001.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAbutilon theophrasti (velvet leaf) Widespread Introduced YesCampagna and Rapparini, 1997; USDA-ARS, 2003.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia dealbata (acacia bernier) Present Introduced EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia decurrens (green wattle) Present Introduced
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia farnesiana (huisache) Present Introduced ILDIS, 2002.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia longifolia (golden wattle) Present Introduced EFSA Panel on Plant Health, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia mearnsii (black wattle) Present Introduced ILDIS, 2007.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia melanoxylon (Australian blackwood) Present Introduced ILDIS, 2002.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia saligna (Port Jackson wattle) Present Introduced ILDIS, 2007.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcalypha australis Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcalypha virginica Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcanthus spinosus Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcer negundo (box elder) Present Introduced Antonaroli, 1998.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcer platanoides (Norway maple) Present Native
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcer pseudoplatanus (sycamore) Present Native Binggeli , 1999.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAchillea ageratum Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAchillea ligustica Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAchillea millefolium (yarrow) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAchillea ptarmica Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAchillea setacea Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAchyranthes aspera (devil's horsewhip) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2003.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAconitum variegatum Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAegilops cylindrica Localised Slageren MWvan, 1994.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAgave americana (century plant) Present Introduced YesCelesti-Grapow et al., 2009.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAgeratina adenophora (Croftonweed) Present Introduced Guacchio Edel, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAgeratum conyzoides (billy goat weed) Present, few occurrences Introduced Greuter, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAgeratum houstonianum (Blue billygoatweed) Present Introduced NoDAISIE, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAgropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass) Present Native GBIF, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAgrostis capillaris (common bent) Present Native NoTutin et al., 1980.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAgrostis castellana Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAilanthus altissima (tree-of-heaven) Present Introduced YesBadalamenti et al., 2012; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAira caryophyllea (silver hairgrass) Present , ; USDA-ARS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAira elegantissima Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAjuga chamaepitys Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAjuga reptans (carpet bugle) Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAkebia quinata (five-leaf akebia) Present only in captivity/cultivation Introduced Garibaldi et al., 2004.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlbizia julibrissin (silk tree) Present Introduced ILDIS, 2002.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlchemilla xanthochlora Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) Present Native Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2003; USDA-ARS, 2003.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAllium nigrum Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAllium oleraceum Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAllium paniculatum Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAllium roseum Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAllium triquetrum Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAllium ursinum Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlnus glutinosa (European alder) Present Native
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAloe latifolia Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlopecurus myosuroides (black-grass) Present Native NoFlora Europaea, 2008; Häfliger and Scholz, 1981.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlopecurus pratensis (meadow foxtail) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlopecurus rendlei Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) Present Garbari and Pedullà, 2001; EPPO, 2014; DAISIE, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed) Restricted distribution EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlthaea hirsuta Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlyssum alyssoides Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlyssum argenteum Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlyssum minus Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlyssum montanum Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlyssum simplex Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmaranthus blitum (livid amaranth) Present Holm et al., 1979; Aellen and Akeroyd, 1993; Iamonico, in press, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmaranthus crispus Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmaranthus cruentus (redshank) Unconfirmed record , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmaranthus deflexus (Perennial Pigweed) Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmaranthus hybridus (smooth pigweed) Present Aellen and Akeroyd, 1993.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmaranthus muricatus Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmaranthus polygonioides Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed) Widespread Holm et al., 1991.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth) Present Introduced DAISIE, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmaranthus tuberculatus (rough-fruited water-hemp) Present Introduced YesIamonico, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmbrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) Present Introduced Allard, 1943; Love, 1976; Albasser, 1992; Siniscalo and Barni, 1994; EPPO, 2014; Euro+Med, 2016; Gentili et al., 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmbrosia psilostachya (perennial ragweed) Present Introduced YesLawalrée, 1947; Tutin et al., 1976.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmbrosia trifida (giant ragweed) Present Introduced Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2003; EPPO, 2014; DAISIE, 2016; Euro+Med, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmmi visnaga Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmmophila arenaria (marram grass) Present Native Euro+Med PlantBase, 2011; USDA-ARS, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmorpha fruticosa (indigo bush) Present EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAnagallis arvensis (scarlet pimpernel) Present Holm et al., 1991; Borin et al., 1995.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAnemone halleri Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAnemone sylvestris Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAnethum graveolens (dill) Present Introduced Hand, 2011; DAISIE, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAnnona cherimola (cherimoya) Present Continella et al., 1996; DAISIE, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAnredera cordifolia (Madeira vine) Present Introduced USDA-ARS, 2013; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAnthemis altissima Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAnthemis austriaca Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAnthemis cotula (dog fennel) Present Native Holm et al., 1979; USDA-ARS, 2003.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAnthemis tinctoria Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAnthemis triumfettii Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAnthoxanthum odoratum (sweet vernal grass) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaApera interrupta Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaApium leptophyllum Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAquilegia atrata Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaArctotheca calendula (capeweed) Present EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaArgemone mexicana (Mexican poppy) Present, few occurrences Introduced NoGreuter et al., 1989.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAristida longespica Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaArmeria arenaria Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaArnoseris minima Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaArrhenatherum elatius (false oat-grass) Present Native NoTutin et al., 1980.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaArtemisia biennis (biennial wormwood) Present Introduced Euro+Med PlantBase, 2011.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaArtemisia verlotiorum Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaArum italicum (Italian arum) Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaArundo donax (giant reed) Present Introduced YesCelesti-Grapow et al., 2009; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2007.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAsarum europaeum Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAsclepias curassavica (bloodflower) Present only in captivity/cultivation Introduced Garibaldi et al., 2002.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAsparagus asparagoides (bridal creeper) Present Introduced NoRoyal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2010; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAsparagus densiflorus (asparagus fern) Present Introduced Russo et al., 2007.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAsparagus setaceus (asparagus fern) Present Introduced YesDAISIE, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAsphodelus albus Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAsphodelus tenuifolius (onionweed) Present Richardson and Smythies, 1980; Holm et al., 1991.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAster lanceolatus (Narrow-leaved michaelmas daisy) Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAster lateriflorus Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAster novae-angliae Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAster squamatus Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAstragalus boeticus Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAstragalus hamosus Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAstragalus odoratus Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAstragalus onobrychis Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAstragalus penduliflorus Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAtriplex sagittata Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAubrieta deltoidea Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAurinia petraea Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAurinia saxatilis Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAustrocylindropuntia cylindrica Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAustrocylindropuntia subulata (long-spine cactus) Present Introduced DAISIE, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAvena barbata (slender oat) Widespread YesGBIF, 2012.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAvena brevis Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAvena clauda Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAvena fatua (wild oat) Widespread Hafliger and Scholz, 1981; Speranza et al., 1990.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAvena matritensis Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAvena sterilis (winter wild oat) Present Native
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBaccharis halimifolia (groundsel-bush) Restricted distribution Introduced Caño et al., 2013; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBaldellia ranunculoides Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBallota nigra Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBallota pseudodictamnus Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBallota rupestris Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBambusa bambos (giant thorny bamboo) Present Introduced DAISIE, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBarbarea intermedia Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBarbarea verna Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBassia hyssopifolia (fivehook bassia) Eradicated Introduced Euro+Med, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBidens frondosa (beggarticks) Present Introduced USDA-ARS, 2014; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBoerhavia coccinea (scarlet spiderling) Present Introduced YesMazzola and Domina, 2010.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBothriochloa ischaemum (yellow bluestem) Present Native NoCook et al., 2005; USDA-ARS, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBothriochloa pertusa (pitted beard grass) Present only in captivity/cultivation Introduced Grossi et al., 1998.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBrachypodium distachyon (purple false brome) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBrachypodium sylvaticum (slender false brome) Present Native NoGBIF, 2009.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBrassica nigra (black mustard) Present Native Euro+Med, 2012.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBrassica tournefortii (African mustard) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBriza maxima (large quaking grass) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBromus diandrus (great brome) Present Native Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2004; USDA-ARS, 2004.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBromus hordeaceus (soft brome) Widespread Native NoGBIF, 2012.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBromus japonicus (Japanese brome) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBromus madritensis (compact brome) Present Native Jahandiez and Maire , 1931; Maire , 1955; Pignatti , 1982; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2004.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBromus rigidus (ripgut brome) Present Native Jahandiez and Maire , 1931; Maire , 1955; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2004.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBromus rubens (red brome) Present Native Jahandiez and Maire, 1931; Maire, 1955; Tutin et al., 1980; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2004.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBromus secalinus (rye brome) Present Native Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBromus sterilis (barren brome) Present Native Jahandiez and Maire, 1931; Maire, 1955; Zanin et al., 1993; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2004; USDA-ARS, 2004.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBromus tectorum (downy brome) Present Introduced NoTutin et al., 1980.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBroussonetia papyrifera (paper mulberry) Widespread Introduced , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBuddleja davidii (butterfly bush) Present EPPO, 2014; Pignatti, 1982; GBIF, 2009.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBunias orientalis (Turkish warty-cabbage) Present Introduced Flora Italiana, 2009.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCanna indica (canna lilly) Present Introduced Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2008.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCannabis sativa (hemp) Present FAO, 2009.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCapsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse) Present Native Greco, 1990.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCapsicum baccatum (pepper) Present Introduced Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCardiospermum grandiflorum (balloon vine) Present EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCarduus nutans (nodding thistle) Present, few occurrences Native NoHolm et al., 1979.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCarduus pycnocephalus (Italian thistle) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCarpobrotus edulis (hottentot fig) Present Introduced Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2008; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCasuarina equisetifolia (casuarina) Present Introduced DAISIE, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCatharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) Present Introduced DAISIE, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass) Present Native Cook et al., 2005.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCentaurea debeauxii (meadow knapweed) Present Native NoTutin et al., 1976.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCentaurea diffusa (diffuse knapweed) Present Introduced YesTutin et al., 1976.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCentaurea iberica Present Introduced NoPignatti, 1982.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCentaurea melitensis Present Native NoPignatti, 1982.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCentaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) Present Native YesUSDA-ARS, 2003.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCeratophyllum demersum (coontail) Widespread Piccoli and Gerdol, 1983.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaChenopodium album (fat hen) Widespread Holm et al., 1991.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaChenopodium glaucum (Oak-leaved goosefoot) Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaChenopodium murale (nettleleaf goosefoot) Present Brenan and Akeroyd, 1993.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaChondrilla juncea (rush skeletonweed) Present Native NoGBIF, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaChrysanthemoides monilifera (boneseed) Present
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCinnamomum camphora (camphor laurel) Present Introduced
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCirsium arvense (creeping thistle) Present Native Holm et al., 1979; Rapparini, 1999; USDA-ARS, 2004.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCirsium vulgare (spear thistle) Present Native YesHolm et al., 1979; USDA-ARS, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCitrus aurantiifolia (lime) FAO, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaClematis vitalba (old man's beard) Widespread Native Tutin et al., 1964; Arzone, 1979; Pieroni, 1999.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaColocasia esculenta (taro) Present Introduced DAISIE, 2012.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaConium maculatum (poison hemlock) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaConvolvulus arvensis (bindweed) Present Stace, 1972.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaConyza bonariensis (hairy fleabane) Present Introduced YesCronquist, 1976.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaConyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane) Present Introduced YesCronquist, 1976.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCornus sericea (redosier dogwood) Present only in captivity/cultivation Introduced Garibaldi et al., 2003.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCortaderia selloana (pampas grass) Present Introduced YesDAISIE, 2009; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCorymbia citriodora (lemon-scented gum) Present Introduced Orwa et al., 2009.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCotoneaster horizontalis (wall-spray) Localised Introduced NoCelesti-Grapow et al., 2010.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCrassula helmsii (Australian swamp stonecrop) Localised Introduced Afferni and Tavormina, 2007.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCrataegus monogyna (hawthorn) Present Native NoUSDA-ARS, 2007. CAB Abstracts
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCrupina vulgaris (bearded creeper) Present Native Pignatti, 1982.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCrypsis schoenoides (swamp pricklegrass) Present Native eMonocot, 2015; USDA-ARS, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCupressus sempervirens (Mediterranean cypress) Present Introduced Govaerts, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCuscuta campestris (field dodder) Present Introduced Valentine and, 1972.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCuscuta epithymum (alfalfa dodder) Present Native Valentine and, 1972.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCuscuta europaea (European dodder) Present Native Valentine and, 1972.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCymbopogon citratus (citronella grass) Present Bertea et al., 2003.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCynara cardunculus (cardoon) Present Native GBIF, 2016; Weeds of Australia, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) Widespread Introduced YesTutin et al., 1980.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCynoglossum officinale (hound's tongue) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2003.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge) Present Holm et al., 1979; DAISIE, 2014; Govaerts, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge) Restricted distribution Costalonga and Pavan, 2001; DAISIE, 2014; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCyperus imbricatus (shingle flatsedge) Present Introduced USDA-ARS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCyperus papyrus (papyrus) Present Introduced USDA-ARS, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge) Present Holm et al., 1979.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) Restricted distribution Native NoHeywood and Ball, 1968.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass) Present Introduced YesDAISIE, 2016; Arcangeli, 1894.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDanthonia decumbens (heath grass) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2015; Roskov et al., 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDatura ferox (fierce thornapple) Present, few occurrences Introduced NoEuro+Med, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDatura innoxia (downy thorn apple) Present Introduced Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDatura stramonium (jimsonweed) Present Ciferri and Pignatti, 1960; Moore, 1972.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDelairea odorata (Cape ivy) Restricted distribution Introduced YesCatalano et al., 1996; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2003; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDescurainia sophia (flixweed) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDichanthium annulatum (Kleberg's bluestem) Present Introduced DAISIE, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDigitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass) Present Holm et al., 1979.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDigitaria sanguinalis (large crabgrass) Present Native Cantele and Zanin, 1992.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDipsacus fullonum (common teasel) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDysphania ambrosioides (Mexican tea) Present Introduced DAISIE, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEchinochloa colona (junglerice) Present , ; DAISIE, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEchinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) Present Holm et al., 1991; Balsari et al., 1992; Zanin et al., 1992.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEchium plantagineum (Paterson's curse) Widespread Native NoGibbs, 1972; Pignatti, 1982; Greuter et al., 1984.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEclipta prostrata (eclipta) Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEhrharta erecta (panic veldtgrass) Present Introduced Ricciardi and Anzalone, 1988.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) Present Introduced DAISIE, 2013; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaElaeagnus angustifolia (Russian olive) Present Introduced CWRIS, 2005; , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaElaeagnus umbellata (autumn olive) Present Introduced YesDAISIE, 2016; CABI, 2005.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEleusine indica (goose grass) Present
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaElodea canadensis (Canadian pondweed) Present Introduced Holm et al., 1979.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaElodea nuttallii (Nuttall's waterweed) Present Introduced DAISIE, 2009.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaElymus repens (quackgrass) Restricted distribution Holm et al., 1991; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEmex spinosa (spiny emex) Present Native Tutin et al., 1964; Jalas and Suominen, 1979; Greuter et al., 1989.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEpilobium ciliatum (northern willowherb) Present Introduced DAISIE, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaErigeron annuus (annual fleabane) Present Introduced DAISIE, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaErigeron karvinskianus (Karwinsky’s fleabane) Present Introduced YesHruska, 1987; Meusel and Jäger, 1992; DAISIE, 2012; Swierkosz, 2012.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaErodium botrys (long-beaked stork's bill) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaErodium cicutarium (common storksbill) Present Native GBIF, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum) Present Introduced WAC, 2005.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEucalyptus globulus (Tasmanian blue gum) Present
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany) Present
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEuphorbia davidii Present EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEuphorbia esula (leafy spurge) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2003a.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEuphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia) Present
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEuphorbia hypericifolia (graceful spurge) Present Introduced Sciandrello et al., 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFallopia convolvulus (black bindweed) Widespread Holm et al., 1991; Nati, 1994; Campagna and Rapparini, 1997; USDA-NRCS, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed) Present Introduced Bailey, 2003; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFallopia sachalinensis (giant knotweed) Localised Introduced YesDAISIE, 2008.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFallopia x bohemica Present YesBailey and Wisskirchen, 2006; Padula et al., 2008.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFestuca arundinacea (tall fescue) Present Native Piano et al., 2005; eMonocot, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFestuca pratensis (meadow fescue) Present Native GrassWorld, 2016; Euro+Med, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFicus carica (common fig) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2014; FAO, 2009.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFicus elastica (rubber plant) Present Introduced DAISIE, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFicus microcarpa (Indian laurel tree) Present
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFoeniculum vulgare (fennel) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFragaria vesca (wild strawberry) Present Native Darrow, 1966.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFurcraea foetida (Mauritius hemp) Present Introduced Oliva et al., 2002.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGaillardia pulchella (Indian blanket) Present Introduced USDA-ARS, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGalinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier) Present Cantele et al., 1984; DAISIE, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGalinsoga quadriradiata (shaggy soldier) Present Introduced DAISIE, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGalium aparine (cleavers) Widespread Holm et al., 1991.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGenista monspessulana (Montpellier broom) Restricted distribution Native NoGibbs, 1968; Gibbs and Dingwall, 1971; Pignatti, 1982; Greuter et al., 1989.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGlechoma hederacea (ground ivy) Present Native USDA-NRCS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGleditsia triacanthos (honey locust) Present Introduced ILDIS, 2003.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGlyceria declinata (small sweet grass) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2012.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGlyceria maxima (reed sweet-grass) Widespread Native Flora Italiana, 2009.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGomphocarpus physocarpus (balloon cotton bush) Present
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGymnocoronis spilanthoides (Senegal tea plant) Present Ardenghi et al., 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHalophila stipulacea (Mediterranean seagrass) Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHedera helix (ivy) Widespread Native Tutin et al., 1968.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHedychium coccineum (scarlet ginger lily) Present Introduced Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHelianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) Widespread Introduced YesTutin et al., 1976; Wagenitz, 1980; Pignatti, 1982; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHelminthotheca echioides (bristly oxtongue) Present NoGreuter, 2006; USDA-ARS, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHeracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) Localised Introduced YesBrummitt, 1968; Tiley et al., 1996; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHibiscus trionum (Venice mallow) Present , ; Holm et al., 1991; Holm et al., 1997.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHieracium aurantiacum (orange hawkweed) Present Native NoSell and West, 1976.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHirschfeldia incana (shortpod mustard) Present Native GBIF, 2015; USDA-ARS, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHolcus lanatus (common velvet grass) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHydrilla verticillata (hydrilla) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2016; Zhuang and Beentje, 2017.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHyoscyamus niger (black henbane) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHypericum perforatum (St John's wort) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHypochaeris radicata (cat's ear) Present Native USDA-NRCS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaImpatiens glandulifera (Himalayan balsam) Present Introduced ISSG, 2017.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaImperata cylindrica (cogon grass) Present Native Clayton, 1980
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIpomoea purpurea (tall morning glory) Present Introduced DAISIE, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIsatis tinctoria (dyers woad) Present Introduced NoUSDA-ARS, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaJacaranda mimosifolia (jacaranda) Present
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaJuncus effusus (common rush) Present Native Kirschner, 2002.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaKalanchoe daigremontiana (devil's backbone) Present
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLagarosiphon major (African elodea) Present Introduced ISSG, 2006; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLamium amplexicaule (henbit deadnettle) Present Native YesINRA, 2001; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2003.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLantana camara (lantana) Present Introduced Tutin et al., 1972.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLathyrus aphaca Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLemna minuta Present Introduced DAISIE, 2008; Desfayes, 1997; Merluzzi et al., 2003.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLemna perpusilla (duckweed) Present USDA-ARS, 2009.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLepidium draba (hoary cress) Widespread YesHolm et al., 1991.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLepidium latifolium (perennial pepperweed) Present Native Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2012.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLepidium perfoliatum (clasping pepperweed) Eradicated DAISIE, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLepidium virginicum (Virginian peppercress) Present Introduced USDA-ARS, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLeptochloa fusca (sprangletop) Introduced Romani and Tabacchi, 2000.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLeucanthemum vulgare (oxeye daisy) Present Native Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLigustrum lucidum (broad-leaf privet) Present Introduced DAISIE, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLigustrum sinense (Chinese privet) Localised Introduced YesColonna, 2005.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLigustrum vulgare (common privet) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLinaria dalmatica (dalmatian toadflax) Localised Introduced Vujnovic and Wein, 2005; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLinaria vulgaris (common toadflax) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2015; Holm et al., 1979.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass) Widespread Native Holm et al., 1991; USDA-ARS, 2004.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) Present Native eMonocot, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLolium rigidum (rigid ryegrass) Present Native USDA-ARS, 1998.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLolium temulentum (darnel) Present Native Holm et al., 1979; Sarno et al., 1986; Magnifico et al., 1993.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle) Present Introduced YesDAISIE, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLuffa aegyptiaca (loofah) Present
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLupinus polyphyllus (garden lupin) Present Introduced DAISIE, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) Present Native Thompson et al., 1987.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMahonia aquifolium (Oregongrape) Present Introduced GBIF, 2010.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMalva pusilla (round-leaved mallow) Present USDA-ARS, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMarrubium vulgare (horehound) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMedicago polymorpha (bur clover) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMegathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass) Present Introduced Tutin et al., 1980.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMelaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree) Present only in captivity/cultivation Introduced ISSG, 2010.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMelia azedarach (Chinaberry) Present Introduced World Agroforestry Centre, 2002.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMelilotus albus (honey clover) Unconfirmed record , ; USDA-ARS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMentha pulegium (pennyroyal) Present , ; USDA-ARS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMesembryanthemum crystallinum (crystalline iceplant) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMorus alba (mora) Present
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMorus nigra (black mulberry) Present Vivarelli and Alvisi, 1934.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMyriophyllum spicatum (spiked watermilfoil) Present Native , ; Ruggiero et al., 2004; Prigioni et al., 2005.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaNassella trichotoma (serrated tussock grass) Present Introduced YesCampbell, 1982; Wells and de Beer, 1987; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaNasturtium microphyllum (one-row watercress) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaNasturtium officinale (watercress) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2006.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaNicotiana glauca (tree tobacco) Present Introduced USDA-ARS, 2013; DAISIE, 2013; ISSG, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaNymphoides peltata (yellow floating-heart) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2008.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOlea europaea subsp. europaea (European olive) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOnopordum acanthium (scotch thistle) Present Native Tutin et al., 1976.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOplismenus hirtellus subsp. undulatifolius (wavyleaf basketgrass) Present Scholz, 1981; Valdes et al., 2009.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOpuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear) Present Introduced NoMissouri Botanical Garden, 2007.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOpuntia monacantha (common prickly pear) Present Introduced GBIF, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOpuntia stricta (erect prickly pear) Present Introduced Missouri Botanical Garden, 2007.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOrobanche aegyptiaca (Egyptian broomrape) Present Holm et al., 1979.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOrobanche cernua (nodding broomrape) Present Native Chater and Webb, 1972; Holm et al., 1979; Euro+Med, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOrobanche crenata (crenate broomrape) Present Chater and Webb, 1972.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOrobanche cumana (sunflower broomrape) Present Introduced Kreutz, 1995.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOrobanche minor (common broomrape) Present Native Chater and Webb, 1972.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOrobanche ramosa (branched broomrape) Present Native Chater and Webb, 1972; Holm et al., 1979.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel) Present Introduced YesHYPPA, 2013; Holm et al., 1991.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOxalis pes-caprae (Bermuda buttercup) Present Valentine, 1968; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPanicum repens (torpedo grass) Present Native NoTutin et al., 1980.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaParentucellia viscosa (yellow glandweed) Present Native Flora Italiana, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaParkinsonia aculeata (Mexican palo-verde) Present Introduced YesOrlando and Grisafi, 1977.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaspalum distichum (knotgrass) Present Introduced Häfliger and Scholz, 1980; Le, 1991; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2009; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum) Present Introduced USDA-ARS, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPassiflora caerulea (blue passionflower) Present Introduced DAISIE, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPastinaca sativa (parsnip) Present Native NoEuro+Med PlantBase, 2011.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaulownia tomentosa (paulownia) Present Introduced NoGridelli et al., 2002; Mezzalira and Colonna, 2002.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPennisetum clandestinum (kikuyu grass) Present only in captivity/cultivation Introduced NoGherbin et al., 2007.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPennisetum setaceum (fountain grass) Present Native Valdes and Scholz, 2009; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPersicaria wallichii (Himalayan knotweed) Present Introduced NoCelesti-Grapow et al., 2009.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhalaris aquatica (bulbous canarygrass) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass) Present Native Holm et al., 1979; Baldini, 1993; , 2003.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhalaris minor (littleseed canarygrass) Widespread Holm et al., 1979.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhalaris paradoxa (awned canary-grass) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2016; Pignati and, 1980.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhleum pratense (timothy grass) Present Native Kew, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhoenix canariensis (Canary Island date palm) Present Introduced Pane et al., 2007.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhyllostachys aureosulcata (yellow groove bamboo) Present Introduced Ohrnberger, 1999.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhysalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry) Present only in captivity/cultivation Introduced GBIF, 2012.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPinus halepensis (Aleppo pine) Present Native Luisi, 1983; Schiller and Brunori, 1992.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPinus pinaster (maritime pine) Present Native Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2007.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPinus radiata (radiata pine) Present Introduced
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPistia stratiotes (water lettuce) Present EPPO, 2011; DAISIE, 2013; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPittosporum undulatum (Australian cheesewood) Present Introduced Cacciola and Polizzi, 1996.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPlantago coronopus (Buck's-horn plantain) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2012.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPlantago lanceolata (ribwort plantain) Present Native Holm et al., 1979.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPlantago major (broad-leaved plantain) Present Holm et al., 1979.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPoa compressa (Canada bluegrass) Present Native NoRoyal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPoa nemoralis (wood bluegrass) Present Native Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2016; USDA-ARS, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPoa pratensis (smooth meadow-grass) Present Native ISSG, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPolygonum arenastrum (common knotweed) Present Native GBIF, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPolygonum aviculare (prostrate knotweed) Widespread Holm et al., 1979.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPolygonum hydropiper (marsh pepper) Present Hafliger and Wolf, 1988; Holm et al., 1997.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPolygonum lapathifolium (pale persicaria) Widespread TUTIN and ET, 1964.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPolygonum nepalense (Nepal persicaria) Restricted distribution Webb et al., 1993.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPolygonum persicaria (redshank) Present Native YesINRA, 2001; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2003.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPolypogon monspeliensis (annual beard grass) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2012.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPopulus alba (silver-leaf poplar) Present Native NoUSDA-ARS, 2008.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPopulus nigra (black poplar) Present
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPortulaca oleracea (purslane) Present Introduced Walters, 1964.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPortulaca pilosa (kiss-me-quick) Present Introduced DAISIE, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPotamogeton crispus (curlyleaf pondweed) Present Native EUNIS, 2008.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPrunella vulgaris (self-heal) Present Native WCSP, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPrunus serotina (black cherry) Restricted distribution Introduced YesVanhellemont, 2009; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPueraria montana var. lobata (kudzu) Present, few occurrences EPPO, 2014; EPPO, 2007.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRaphanus raphanistrum (wild radish) Widespread , ; Chater and, 1981; Holm et al., 1991.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRhamnus cathartica (buckthorn) Present Native Tutin et al., 1968.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRicinus communis (castor bean) Present
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRobinia pseudoacacia (black locust) Present Introduced ILDIS, 2002.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) Present Govaerts, 2014; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2014; USDA-ARS, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRubus armeniacus (Himalayan blackberry) Present Introduced NoHammer et al., 2004.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRubus fruticosus (blackberry) Present Native Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2003.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRudbeckia laciniata (cutleaf coneflower) Present Introduced USDA-ARS, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRumex acetosella (sheep's sorrel) Present Native NoUSDA-ARS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRumex crispus (curled dock) Present Holm et al., 1979.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRumex obtusifolius (broad-leaved dock) Present Native YesHolm et al., 1979.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSaccharum ravennae (ravenna grass) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSaccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane) Present Clayton, 1980.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSagittaria latifolia (broadleaf arrowhead) Present Introduced DAISIE, 2009.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSalix cinerea (grey sallow) Present Native NoUSDA-ARS, 2008.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSalix fragilis (crack willow) Present Native
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSalsola kali (common saltwort) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSalsola vermiculata (Mediterranean saltwort) Restricted distribution Native , ; , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSambucus nigra (elder) Present Native Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2003.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSchinus molle (false pepper tree) Present
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSchinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian pepper tree) Restricted distribution Introduced NoPolizzi et al., 2001.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSchismus arabicus (Arabian schismus) Present GBIF, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSecurigera varia (crown vetch) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2016.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSenecio inaequidens (South African ragwort) Widespread Introduced YesPignatti, 1982; Martini and Zappa, 1993; Tammaro and Giglio, 1994; Brandes and, 1999; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSenecio jacobaea (common ragwort) Widespread Native Chater and Walters, 1976; Pignatti, 1982.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSenecio vulgaris Widespread Native Chater and Walters, 1976; Pignatti, 1982.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSesbania punicea (red sesbania) Present EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSetaria parviflora (knotroot foxtail) Present Introduced Pignatti, 1982; Wang et al., 1995.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSetaria verticillata (bristly foxtail) Present Native Holm et al., 1979.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSetaria viridis (green foxtail) Present Holm et al., 1979.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSicyos angulatus (burcucumber) Present Introduced YesFabbi et al., 2006; Pignatti, 1982; Rapparini, 1999; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSilene gallica (common catchfly) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSilene latifolia subsp. alba (white campion) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSilybum marianum (variegated thistle) Unconfirmed record , ; USDA-ARS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSisymbrium irio Present Native USDA-ARS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSolanum carolinense (horsenettle) Present Viggiani, 2008.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSolanum elaeagnifolium (silverleaf nightshade) Present Introduced YesBoyd et al., 1984; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSolanum nigrum (black nightshade) Present
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSolanum seaforthianum (Brazilian nightshade) Present
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSolanum torvum (turkey berry) Present Anon, 1998a.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSolidago canadensis (Canadian goldenrod) Present Introduced YesEPPO, 2014; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSolidago gigantea (giant goldenrod) Present Introduced YesRoyal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2003; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSonchus arvensis (perennial sowthistle) Restricted distribution EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) Present Lorenzoni, 1963; Lorenzoni, 1978; USDA-ARS, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSorghum halepense (Johnson grass) Restricted distribution Introduced Holm et al., 1991; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2008; EPPO, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSpergula arvensis (corn spurry) Present Bianco, 1977; Ratter and Akeroyd, 1993.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaStachys arvensis (staggerweed) Present Native Govaerts, 2014; USDA-ARS, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaStellaria media (common chickweed) Present Chater and Heywood, 1972; Holm et al., 1977; Holm et al., 1991.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaStenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass) Present Introduced DAISIE, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTaeniatherum caput-medusae (medusahead wildrye) Present Native Frederiksen, 1986; Missouri Botanical Garden, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTagetes minuta (stinking Roger) Present Introduced Holm et al., 1997.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTamarix gallica (French tamarisk) Widespread Native NoBaum, 1978.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTamarix parviflora (small-flower tamarisk) Restricted distribution Native NoBaum, 1978.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTamarix ramosissima (saltcedar) Present Introduced Missouri Botanical Garden, 2007.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTanacetum vulgare (tansy) Widespread Native NoHeywood, 1976.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTaraxacum officinale complex (dandelion) Present Introduced Terlizzi et al., 1994; Barro and Pavan, 1999; Marcone et al., 2001.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaThlaspi arvense (field pennycress) Present Clapham, 1972; Holm et al., 1991; USDA et al., 1998.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTradescantia fluminensis (wandering Jew) Widespread Introduced , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTrapa natans (waterchestnut) Unconfirmed record , ; ISSG, 2007.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTribulus terrestris (puncture vine) Present Tutin, 1981; Viggiani, 2001.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTridax procumbens (coat buttons) Present Holm et al., 1979.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTypha angustifolia (lesser bulrush) Widespread Holm et al., 1991; Chambers et al., 2008.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTypha domingensis (southern cattail) Present Native Cook, 1980.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTypha latifolia (broadleaf cattail) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2010.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaUlex europaeus (gorse) Restricted distribution Native Holm et al., 1997; ILDIS, 2007.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaUrena lobata (caesar weed) Present Holm et al., 1979.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaUrtica dioica (stinging nettle) Widespread Euro+Med, 2015; USDA-ARS, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaUrtica urens (annual nettle) Widespread Holm et al., 1997.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVallisneria spiralis (eelweed) Present Native Lowden, 1982.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVentenata dubia (North Africa grass) Present Native NoBicknell, 1896; IUCN, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVerbascum thapsus (common mullein) Present Native NoISSG, 2014; USDA-ARS, 2014.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVerbena litoralis (blue vervain) Present Introduced USDA-ARS, 2012.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVernicia fordii (tung-oil tree) Present
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVicia dumetorum Present , .
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVicia villosa (hairy vetch) Present Native ILDIS, 2015.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVulpia bromoides (squirreltail fescue) Present Native USDA-ARS, 2012.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVulpia myuros (annual fescue) Present Native Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaWisteria sinensis (Chinese wisteria) Present Introduced ILDIS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaXanthium spinosum (bathurst burr) Present Introduced GBIF, 2013; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2013; USDA-ARS, 2013.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaXanthium strumarium (common cocklebur) Present , ; Sartorato et al., 1996.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaYucca aloifolia (Spanish bayonet) Present only in captivity/cultivation Introduced NoMolon, 1914.
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaZiziphus mauritiana (jujube) Present Introduced NoCABI, 2005.
EukaryotaPlantaeStreptophytaCampylopus introflexus Present Introduced Aleffi et al., 2008.
EukaryotaProtistaParamyxeaMarteilia refringens Present Serracca et al., 2014.
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaAlexandrium minutum Widespread Montresor et al., 1990.
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaBabesia Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus, 2005.
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaBabesia bovis Present , .
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaBabesia caballi Present , .
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaBabesia canis Present , .
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaBabesia equi Present , .
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaBabesia gibsoni Present , .
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaBonamia exitiosa Present Narcisi et al., 2010.
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaBonamia ostreae Present Narcisi et al., 2010.
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaPlasmodium relictum Present Native NoCorradetti, 1970; Beadell et al., 2006; Hellgren et al., 2007; Marzal et al., 2011.
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaTheileria annulata Present , .
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaTritrichomonas foetus Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus, 2005.
VirusAfrican horse sickness virus Disease never reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
VirusAfrican swine fever virus Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Virusalcelaphine herpesvirus 1 Disease not reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
VirusArterivirus No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Virusavian infectious bronchitis virus No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
VirusAvipoxvirus Present Maggiora and Valenti, 1903; Rinaldi et al., 1972; Mani et al., 1990; Chiocco, 1992; Cerrone et al., 1999.
VirusBarley yellow dwarf viruses (barley yellow dwarf) Widespread , ; Loi et al., 1990; EPPO, 2014.
Virusbluetongue virus Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Virusbovine herpesvirus 1 Last reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Virusbovine viral diarrhea virus No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Viruscaprine arthritis encephalitis virus No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
VirusChrysanthemum stem necrosis virus Transient: actionable, under eradication EPPO, 2014.
Virusclassical swine fever virus Last reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
VirusCowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus Present Lovisolo and Conti, 1966; CABI/EPPO, 2010.
VirusCucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus Present Manglli et al., 2016.
Virusduck hepatitis A virus No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
VirusEggplant mottled dwarf virus (tomato vein yellowing virus) Present CABI/EPPO, 2008; Martelli, 1969; EPPO, 2014; Zhai et al., 2014.
Virusfoot-and-mouth disease virus Last reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Virusfowlpox virus Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus, 2005.
VirusGallid herpesvirus 2 No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
VirusGrapevine virus A (grapevine closterovirus) Present , ; Conti et al., 1980; Rosciglione et al., 1983; Credi and Giunchedi, 1996.
Virusinfectious bursal disease virus No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Virusinfectious haematopoietic necrosis virus Present OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Virusinfluenza A virus Last reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
VirusIris yellow spot virus (iris yellow spot) Restricted distribution Introduced Cosmi et al., 2003; Gent et al., 2006; Manglli et al., 2012; CABI/EPPO, 2014; EPPO, 2014.
Viruslumpy skin disease virus Disease never reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
VirusMaize dwarf mosaic virus (dwarf mosaic of maize) Present Goidanich, 1938; Grancini, 1957; Lovisolo, 1957; Conti, 1983; CABI/EPPO, 2003.
Virusmyxoma virus Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus, 2005.
VirusNewcastle disease virus Last reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
VirusPapaya ringspot virus Present Videla, 1953; CABI/EPPO, 2003.
VirusPepino mosaic virus Present, few occurrences EPPO, 2011; EPPO, 2014; CABI/EPPO, 2015.
VirusPepper mild mottle virus (PMMV) Present , ; Betti et al., 1982; Conti and Marte, 1983; Wetter et al., 1984; Betti et al., 1988; CABI/EPPO, 2009.
Viruspeste des petits ruminants virus Disease never reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
VirusPlum pox virus (sharka) Restricted distribution Introduced NoRoy and Smith, 1994; CABI/EPPO, 2007; EPPO, 2014.
VirusPotato spindle tuber viroid (spindle tuber of potato) Present, few occurrences CABI/EPPO, 2014; EPPO, 2011; EPPO, 2014.
Virusrabbit hemorrhagic disease virus Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Virusrabies virus Last reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Virusspring viraemia of carp virus Present OIE Handistatus, 2005.
VirusStrawberry vein banding virus (vein banding of strawberry) Restricted distribution Pisi, 1983; CABI/EPPO, 2002; EPPO, 2014.
VirusSugarcane mosaic virus (mosaic of abaca) Present EPPO, 2014.
VirusSweet potato feathery mottle virus (internal cork disease of sweet potato) Present Parrella et al., 2006.
VirusTaura syndrome virus Disease not reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
VirusTomato yellow leaf curl virus (leaf curl) Restricted distribution Polizzi and Areddia, 1992; EPPO, 2014; Parrella et al., 2016.
VirusVenezuelan equine encephalitis virus Disease never reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Virusvesicular stomatitis virus Disease never reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Virusviral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus Present OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Virusvisna/maedi virus No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
VirusWheat streak mosaic virus (wheat streak) Present Credi et al., 1997; CABI/EPPO, 2005.

List of Species CSV Output

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Generate a spreadsheet of the List of Species which also includes records from basic datasheets.

Basic datasheets include data mined from various sources (including the CAB Abstracts database and selected invasive species databases). Further confirmation of distribution status should be sought before use.

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List of Animal Diseases

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The table lists the animal diseases recorded in the Compendium for this region (from the full disease datasheets). For further information, please follow the link to the datasheet.

DiseaseDistributionOriginInvasiveReferences
acarapisosis of honey bees Present EPPO, 2009; OIE, 2009.
actinomycosis No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Aeromonas infection in fish Disease not reported OIE, 2009.
African horse sickness Disease never reported OIE, 2009.
African swine fever Restricted distribution OIE, 2009.
American foulbrood of honey bees Present OIE, 2009.
amyloodiniosis Present Aiello and D’Alba, 1986.
anaplasmosis No information available Ceci et al., 1997; Ceci et al., 1997; Ceci and Carelli, 1999; OIE Handistatus, 2005.
anguillicolosis Widespread Introduced YesCanestri-Trotti, 1987; Koops and Hartmann, 1989.
anthrax Disease not reported OIE, 2009; , 1971; Battisti et al., 1994; OIE, 1997.
atrophic rhinitis of swine No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Aujeszky's disease Disease not reported OIE, 2009.
avian adenoviruses infections Widespread Mandelli et al., 1976; Capua et al., 1995.
avian chlamydiosis Disease not reported OIE, 2009.
avian encephalomyelitis No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
avian infectious bronchitis No information available OIE, 2009; Capua et al., 1994; Capua et al., 1999.
avian influenza Disease not reported OIE, 2009; Zanella, 2000; Capua and Mutinelli, 2001.
avian intestinal spirochaetosis Present Bano et al., 2008.
avian leukosis No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum) No information available OIE, 2009.
avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma synoviae) No information available OIE, 2009; Bertuzzi, 1997.
avian trichomoniasis Present Catelli et al., 1999.
avian tuberculosis Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus, 2005.
avipox Present Cerrone et al., 1999; Maggiora and Valenti, 1903; Rinaldi et al., 1972; Mani et al., 1990; Chiocco, 1992.
babesiosis Disease not reported OIE, 2009; Prosperi et al., 1990; Ceci et al., 1997; Rosignoli et al., 2000.
blackleg No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
bluetongue Restricted distribution OIE, 2009.
bonamiosis (Bonamia exitiosa) Present Narcisi et al., 2010.
bonamiosis (Bonamia ostreae) Present Narcisi et al., 2010.
Borrelia anserina infections No information available Fabbi et al., 1995; OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Bothriocephalus acheilognathi infection Present Introduced YesMinervini et al., 1985.
botulism No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
bovine adenoviruses infections Widespread Cancellotti et al., 1976.
bovine anaplasmosis No information available OIE, 2009.
bovine coronavirus infection Present Straub and Trenti, 1994.
bovine enterovirus infection Present Cavirani et al., 1995.
bovine genital campylobacteriosis No information available OIE, 2009.
bovine herpesvirus 1 infections Disease not reported OIE, 2009.
bovine herpesvirus 2 infection Present Martin et al., 1987.
bovine immunodeficiency virus infection Present Cavirani et al., 1998.
bovine papular stomatitis Present Loda et al., 1974.
bovine parainfluenza 3 infection Widespread Maglione and Rosati, 1988; Moriconi and Gnaccarini, 1991.
bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection Present Cancellotti et al., 1980.
bovine spongiform encephalopathy Restricted distribution OIE, 2009.
bovine tuberculosis Restricted distribution OIE, 2009.
bovine venereal trichomonosis Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus, 2005.
bovine viral diarrhoea Present OIE, 2009.
BP virus disease No information available OIE, 2009.
brucellosis (Brucella abortus) Restricted distribution OIE, 2009; Martini et al., 1998.
brucellosis (Brucella melitensis) Restricted distribution OIE, 2009; Capuano et al., 1996.
brucellosis (Brucella ovis) No information available OIE, 2009; Farina et al., 1995.
brucellosis (Brucella suis) Restricted distribution OIE, 2009.
buffalopox Present Hutrya et al., 1946.
Burkholderia pseudomallei infections No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
camel pox No information available OIE, 2009.
caprine arthritis encephalitis No information available OIE, 2009.
caseous lymphadenitis No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
chicken anaemia Present Anon., 1997.
chlamydial infections of livestock and poultry Present Giovannini et al., 1988; Cavirani et al., 2001.
Chytridiomycosis Widespread Simoncelli et al., 2005.
classical swine fever Disease not reported OIE, 2009; OIE, 2003.
Clostridium novyi infections Widespread Valente et al., 1991.
Clostridium perfringens enteritis and enterotoxaemia No information available Terreni, 1999; OIE Handistatus, 2005.
coccidiosis No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
contagious agalactia Last reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
contagious bovine pleuropneumonia Disease not reported OIE, 2009.
contagious caprine pleuropneumonia No information available OIE, 2009.
contagious ecthyma No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
contagious equine metritis Disease not reported OIE, 2009.
contagious ophthalmia No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
cowpox Present Fondati and Grivetto, 1997.
crayfish plague Present Introduced Cammà et al., 2010; Cornalia, 1860; OIE, 2009.
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever No information available OIE, 2009.
cryptosporidiosis in livestock and poultry Widespread Mattalia et al., 2002; Vito et al., 2002; Bertolino et al., 2003; Manfredi et al., 2003.
cysticercosis Present , .
Denman island disease Disease not reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
dermatophilosis No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Derzsy's disease Present Mandelli, 1984.
Dichelobacter nodosus infection Present Pedrona et al., 1989.
dourine Disease not reported OIE, 2009.
duck viral enteritis No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
duck virus hepatitis No information available OIE, 2009.
Echinococcus Present OIE, 2009.
Echinococcus granulosus Present , .
Edwardsiella septicaemia (Edwardsiella tarda infection) Present Maserati and et al. , 1985.
encephalomyocarditis Present Sidori et al., 1988.
enteric redmouth disease Present Horne and Barnes , 1999; Lucangeli et al., 2000.
enzootic abortion of ewes No information available OIE, 2009.
enzootic bovine leukosis Restricted distribution OIE, 2009; OIE, 1999.
eperythrozoonosis in pigs Present Vezzoli et al., 2003.
epizootic haematopoietic necrosis No information available OIE, 2009; Bovo and et al. , 1993.
epizootic lymphangitis No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
epizootic ulcerative syndrome No information available OIE, 2009.
equine coital exanthema No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern) No information available OIE, 2009.
equine infectious anaemia Present OIE, 2009.
equine influenza Disease not reported OIE, 2009.
equine piroplasmosis No information available OIE, 2009.
equine rhinopneumonitis Present OIE, 2009.
equine viral arteritis Present OIE, 2009.
Escherichia coli infections Present Caprioli et al., 1993; Conedera et al., 1997; Mosso et al., 1998; Bonardi et al., 1999; Galiero et al., 1999.
European foulbrood Present Greatti, 2005; OIE, 2009.
foot-and-mouth disease in pigs Last reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
foot-and-mouth disease in ruminants Disease not reported OIE, 2009.
fowl cholera No information available OIE, 2009.
fowl typhoid No information available OIE, 2009.
fowlpox Reported present or known to be present Chiocco, 1992; OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Fusobacterium necrophorum infections No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
giardiasis Present Botti, 1956.
glanders Disease not reported OIE, 2009.
Gyrodactylus salaris infection No information available OIE, 2009.
Haemophilus somnus infection Present Biolatti et al., 1991.
haemorrhagic septicaemia Disease not reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
haplosporidiosis of pacific oysters Disease not reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
heartwater Disease never reported OIE, 2009.
hepatitis E virus infection Widespread Bartolo et al., 2011; Martinelli et al., 2011.
horse pox Disease never reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
infection with Marteilia refringens Present Serracca et al., 2014.
infection with Perkinsus olseni Present Pretto et al., 2014.
infectious bursal disease No information available OIE, 2009.
infectious coryza No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
infectious haematopoietic necrosis Present OIE, 2009; Bovo and et al. , 1987.
infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis No information available OIE, 2009.
infectious laryngotracheitis No information available OIE, 2009; OIE, 2000a.
infectious pancreatic necrosis Present Ghittino, 1972.
infectious salmon anaemia No information available OIE, 2009.
Japanese encephalitis No information available OIE, 2009.
koi herpesvirus disease No information available OIE, 2009; Haenen et al., 2004.
Lactococcus garvieae (Enterococcus seriolicida) infection in fish Present Ceschia et al., 1992.
leishmaniosis Widespread Bourdeau et al., 2014; OIE, 2009.
leptospirosis Present OIE, 2009.
listeriosis No information available Salamina et al., 1996; OIE Handistatus, 2005.
lumpy skin disease Disease never reported OIE, 2009.
lyme borreliosis Localised Burioni et al., 1988.
malignant catarrhal fever Disease not reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Mammalian orthoreovirus infections Present Flammini et al., 1980.
Mannheimia haemolytica infections Present Zizzo et al., 2003.
Marek's disease No information available OIE, 2009.
Mikrocytos roughleyi (Australian winter disease) of oysters Disease not reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
mycobacteriosis in fish Present NoGreco and Bozzetta, 1997; Prearo et al., 2004.
Mycoplasma agalactiae infections Present OIE, 2009; Montagna and Goffredo, 1989; Brajon et al., 1991.
Mycoplasma bovigenitalium infections Present Mazzolini et al., 1993.
Mycoplasma bovirhinis bovine respiratory disease Present Buonavoglia, 1992.
Mycoplasma bovis infections Widespread Thomas et al., 1975.
Mycoplasma conjunctivae infection Present Grattarola et al., 1999.
Mycoplasma hyorhinis infections Present Barigazzi et al., 1990.
Mycoplasma iowae infections Present Dottori et al., 1996.
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (LC) infections Present Bergonier and Poumarat, 1996.
Mytilicola intestinalis infestation (mussel red worm) Present Native Trotti et al., 1998.
myxomatosis Present OIE, 2009.
Nairobi sheep disease No information available OIE, 2009.
neosporosis Present Pasquali et al., 1998.
Newcastle disease Disease not reported OIE, 2009.
Nipah virus infection No information available OIE, 2009.
Oncorhynchus masou virus disease Disease never reported OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection Present Lombardi et al., 1999.
paratuberculosis No information available OIE, 2009; Nebbia et al., 2000.
Pasteurella multocida infections Present Casolari and Fabio, 1988; Guasticchi, 1989.
peste des petits ruminants Disease never reported OIE, 2009.
Plasmodium relictum infection Present Native NoCorradetti, 1970; Beadell et al., 2006; Hellgren et al., 2007; Marzal et al., 2011.
porcine circovirus infections Widespread Marcoto et al., 1999.
porcine enterovirus infections Restricted distribution OIE, 2009.
porcine intestinal spirochaetosis Present Montanari, 1998.
porcine parvovirus infection Present Bonaduce and Iovane, 1991.
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome No information available OIE, 2009.
pseudotuberculosis in fish Present Ceschia et al., 1991; Doimi et al., 1991.
pullorum disease No information available OIE, 2009.
pulmonary adenomatosis No information available Romboli and Botti, 1957; Carrara and Gasparini, 1959; Romboli, 1959; Cerretto and Deiana, 1967; Nieddu et al., 1987; OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Q fever No information available Native Masala et al., 2004; Santoro et al., 2004; OIE Handistatus, 2005.
rabbit haemorrhagic disease Present OIE, 2009.
rabies Restricted distribution OIE, 2009.
red sea bream iridoviral disease No information available OIE, 2009.
reticuloendotheliosis Present Rosati et al., 1999.
Riemerella anatipestifer infection Widespread Pascucci et al., 1981; Giovannetti and Pascuccci, 1983.
Rift Valley fever Disease never reported OIE, 2009.
rinderpest Disease not reported OIE, 2009.
rotavirus infections in livestock and poultry Localised Iovane et al., 1988; Legrottaglie et al., 1997; Martella et al., 2003.
Sapelovirus A infections Present Sozzi et al., 2010.
scrapie Present OIE, 2009; Caramelli M et al., 2001.
sheep and goat pox Disease not reported OIE, 2009; Kitching, 1994.
small hive beetle infestation Localised Introduced Mutinelli et al., 2014.
spherical baculovirosis No information available OIE, 2009.
spring viraemia of carp Disease not reported OIE, 2009; Ghittino et al., 1980a.
Staphylococcus aureus infections Widespread Vicenzoni et al., 1994.
Staphylococcus hyicus infection Present Gelmini et al., 1993; Terreni, 1997.
strangles No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
streptococcosis in fish caused by Streptococcus iniae Present YesGhittino and Prearo, 1992.
Streptococcus and Enterococcus infections in pigs (and ruminants) Widespread Sala et al., 1985.
Streptococcus and Enterococcus infections in poultry Present Agrimi, 1956; Casagrande et al., 1998; Esposito, 2000; Passamonti et al., 2000; Terregino et al., 2000.
surra No information available OIE, 2009.
swine dysentery No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
swine erysipelas Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus, 2005.
swine influenza Widespread Donatelli et al., 1991; Castrucci et al., 1993; Castrucci et al., 1994; Pozzi et al., 1994; Barigazzi et al., 1996.
swine vesicular disease Reported present or known to be present OIE, 2000; OIE Handistatus, 2005.
Taura syndrome Disease not reported OIE, 2009.
tetanus Widespread Coda et al., 1996.
Theileria annulata infections Present , 1999; Maxia et al., 1999.
Theileria orientalis/Theileria buffeli infections Present Ceci et al., 1997; Onuma et al., 1998; Ceci and Carelli, 1999; Ceci et al., 1999; Loria et al., 1999; Maxia et al., 1999; Savini et al., 1999.
theileriosis No information available OIE, 2009.
tick-borne fever Present Cinco et al., 1997; Cinco et al., 1998.
torovirus infections Present Pignatelli et al., 2009.
toxoplasmosis No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
transmissible gastroenteritis and porcine respiratory coronovirus infection No information available OIE, 2009.
Trichinella No information available OIE Handistatus, 2005.
trichomonosis Disease not reported OIE, 2009.
tropical pulmonary eosinophilia Present , .
Tropilaelaps infestation of honey bees No information available OIE, 2009.
trypanosomosis Disease never reported OIE, 2009.
tuberculosis Reported present or known to be present Sala and Antonini, 1998; OIE Handistatus, 2005.
tularaemia No information available OIE, 2009; Ercolini et al., 1991.
turkey rhinotracheitis No information available OIE, 2009; Capua et al., 1994; Fabris et al., 1998.
turkey viral hepatitis Present Mandelli et al., 1966.
varroosis of honey bees Present OIE, 2009; Mazzone et al., 2004; Parrella et al., 2004; Greatti, 2005.
Venezuelan equine encephalitis Disease never reported OIE, 2009.
vesicular stomatitis Disease never reported OIE, 2009.
vibriosis in fish Present Toranzo and Barja , 1990.
viral haemorrhagic septicaemia Present OIE, 2009.
visna/maedi No information available OIE, 2009; Caporale et al., 1983; Pépin et al., 1998.
West Nile fever Restricted distribution OIE, 2009; Cantile et al., 2000.
whirling disease Present NoScolari, 1954.
white spot disease Disease not reported OIE, 2009.
yellow head disease Disease not reported OIE, 2009.

List of Animal Diseases CSV Output

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Generate a spreadsheet of the List of Animal Diseases which also includes records from basic datasheets.

Basic datasheets include data mined from various sources (including the CAB Abstracts database). Further confirmation of distribution status should be sought before use.

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Agricultural Production

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2011-2007 | 2006-2002
crop20112010200920082007
Almonds, with shell Area Harvested 75453 86184 79464 79518 79955
Almonds, with shell Production Quantity 104790 108160 106660 118723 112644
Almonds, with shell Yield 13888.1 Fc 12549.9 Fc 13422.4 Fc 14930.3 Fc 14088.4 Fc
Anise, badian, fennel, corian. Production Quantity
Apples Area Harvested 56860 57907 58445 59000 56020
Apples Production Quantity 2411200 2204970 2325650 2210100 2230190
Apples Yield 424059 Fc 380778 Fc 397921 Fc 374593 Fc 398106 Fc
Apricots Area Harvested 19595 19543 18033 17370 16308
Apricots Production Quantity 263132 252892 215121 205493 214573
Apricots Yield 134285 Fc 129403 Fc 119293 Fc 118303 Fc 131575 Fc
Artichokes Area Harvested 49577 50321 50694 49952 50120
Artichokes Production Quantity 474550 480112 486595 483561 474283
Artichokes Yield 95719.8 Fc 95409.9 Fc 95986.7 Fc 96805.1 Fc 94629.5 Fc
Asparagus Area Harvested 5226 6307 6607 5615 6588
Asparagus Production Quantity 33022 43973 44577 37363 45202
Asparagus Yield 63187.9 Fc 69720.9 Fc 67469.4 Fc 66541.4 Fc 68612.6 Fc
Bananas Area Harvested 14 Im 15 F 15 F 15 F 21 Im
Bananas Production Quantity 351 Im 342 Im 372 Im 350 F 400 F
Bananas Yield 250714 Fc 228000 Fc 248000 Fc 233333 Fc 190476 Fc
Barley Area Harvested 269675 273500 306800 330067 344681
Barley Production Quantity 949480 990700 1049200 1236700 1225280
Barley Seed 70000 F 70000 F 70000 F 68000 F 70000 F
Barley Yield 35208.3 Fc 36223 Fc 34198.2 Fc 37468.2 Fc 35548.2 Fc
Beans, dry Area Harvested 6320 7001 6290 5988 6006
Beans, dry Production Quantity 11970 13181 11844 12114 12057
Beans, dry Seed 4000 F 4000 F 4000 F 4000 F 4000 F
Beans, dry Yield 18939.9 Fc 18827.3 Fc 18829.9 Fc 20230.5 Fc 20074.9 Fc
Beans, green Area Harvested 19407 20550 20108 20755 22130
Beans, green Production Quantity 163725 182955 192214 197400 205729
Beans, green Yield 84363.9 Fc 89029.2 Fc 95590.8 Fc 95109.6 Fc 92963.9 Fc
Berries Nes Area Harvested 9334 Im 9797 Im 10000 F 9200 7400
Berries Nes Production Quantity 85000 F 84700 Im 92000 F 87200 F 71000
Berries Nes Yield 91064.9 Fc 86455 Fc 92000 Fc 94782.6 Fc 95945.9 Fc
Blueberries Area Harvested 192 Im 202 Im 206 Im 202 Im 199 Im
Blueberries Production Quantity 1441 Im 1405 Im 1526 Im 1435 Im 1440 Im
Blueberries Yield 75052.1 Fc 69554.5 Fc 74077.7 Fc 71039.6 Fc 72361.8 Fc
Broad beans, horse beans, dry Area Harvested 43800 52108 49784 54310 49972
Broad beans, horse beans, dry Production Quantity 83897 104241 97408 106479 92972
Broad beans, horse beans, dry Seed 12000 F 12000 F 12000 F 13000 F 13000 F
Broad beans, horse beans, dry Yield 19154.6 Fc 20004.8 Fc 19566.1 Fc 19605.8 Fc 18604.8 Fc
Cabbages and other brassicas Area Harvested 16732 17824 17375 17104 17636
Cabbages and other brassicas Production Quantity 333597 348762 338087 344999 331204
Cabbages and other brassicas Yield 199377 Fc 195670 Fc 194582 Fc 201707 Fc 187800 Fc
Carobs Area Harvested 9183 10823 10819 11000 8675
Carobs Production Quantity 44749 25337 30020 31224 32784
Carobs Yield 48730.3 Fc 23410.3 Fc 27747.5 Fc 28385.5 Fc 37791.3 Fc
Carrots and turnips Area Harvested 11951 12395 12732 12664 12708
Carrots and turnips Production Quantity 542691 489171 523330 594800 565300
Carrots and turnips Yield 454097 Fc 394652 Fc 411035 Fc 469678 Fc 444838 Fc
Castor oil seed Area Harvested F F F F F
Castor oil seed Production Quantity F F F F F
Castor oil seed Yield
Cauliflowers and broccoli Area Harvested 17637 17867 17320 20647 18352
Cauliflowers and broccoli Production Quantity 420989 427407 395637 416300 410571
Cauliflowers and broccoli Yield 238696 Fc 239216 Fc 228428 Fc 201627 Fc 223720 Fc
Cereals (Rice Milled Eqv + (Total) Area Harvested 3432590 A 3459760 A 3480660 A 4037600 A 3933250 A
Cereals (Rice Milled Eqv + (Total) Production Quantity 19007200 A 18320100 A 17166200 A 21150900 A 19837800 A
Cereals (Rice Milled Eqv + (Total) Seed 779300 A 779300 A 779300 A 777300 A 779700 A
Cereals (Rice Milled Eqv + (Total) Yield 55372.8 Fc 52952 Fc 49318.7 Fc 52384.7 Fc 50436.1 Fc
Cereals, nes Area Harvested 21600 22700 19100 12311 10646
Cereals, nes Production Quantity 76150 75800 53500 48348 42459
Cereals, nes Seed 4500 F 4500 F 4500 F 4500 F 2900 F
Cereals, nes Yield 35254.6 Fc 33392.1 Fc 28010.5 Fc 39272.2 Fc 39882.6 Fc
Cereals,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 3432590 A 3459760 A 3480660 A 4037600 A 3933250 A
Cereals,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 19503400 A 18825100 A 17705800 A 21613400 A 20350600 A
Cereals,Total + (Total) Seed 779300 A 779300 A 779300 A 777300 A 779700 A
Cereals,Total + (Total) Yield 56818.4 Fc 54411.6 Fc 50868.9 Fc 53530.2 Fc 51739.9 Fc
Cherries Area Harvested 30207 30020 29726 28900 28868
Cherries Production Quantity 112775 115476 116179 134407 106189
Cherries Yield 37334.1 Fc 38466.4 Fc 39083.3 Fc 46507.6 Fc 36784.3 Fc
Chestnuts Area Harvested 24264 Im 23623 Im 24904 Im 25000 F 24224 Im
Chestnuts Production Quantity 57493 Im 48810 Im 50872 Im 55000 F 50000 F
Chestnuts Yield 23694.8 Fc 20662.1 Fc 20427.2 Fc 22000 Fc 20640.7 Fc
Chick peas Area Harvested 5643 6813 5929 5265 5299
Chick peas Production Quantity 8053.8 9143 7708 6250 6294
Chick peas Seed 500 F 500 F 500 F 450 F 450 F
Chick peas Yield 14272.2 Fc 13419.9 Fc 13000.5 Fc 11870.9 Fc 11877.7 Fc
Chillies and peppers, green Area Harvested 10327 11764 11688 11721 15220
Chillies and peppers, green Production Quantity 229093 293647 323869 325727 252194
Chillies and peppers, green Yield 221839 Fc 249615 Fc 277095 Fc 277900 Fc 165699 Fc
Citrus fruit, nes Area Harvested 1429 Im 1500 F 1533 1500 1535
Citrus fruit, nes Production Quantity 27699 Im 27000 F 26182 26900 15450
Citrus fruit, nes Yield 193835 Fc 180000 Fc 170789 Fc 179333 Fc 100651 Fc
Citrus Fruit,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 169906 A 172618 A 172589 A 172201 A 170914 A
Citrus Fruit,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 3840390 A 3190790 A 3825940 A 3484600 A 3892750 A
Citrus Fruit,Total + (Total) Yield 226030 Fc 184847 Fc 221679 Fc 202357 Fc 227761 Fc
Coarse Grain, Total + (Total) Area Harvested 1460060 A 1381580 A 1419800 A 1524550 A 1600310 A
Coarse Grain, Total + (Total) Production Quantity 11391300 A 10458800 A 9550600 A 11369000 A 11640400 A
Coarse Grain, Total + (Total) Seed 136300 A 136300 A 136300 A 134300 A 136700 A
Coarse Grain, Total + (Total) Yield 78019.2 Fc 75702 Fc 67267.2 Fc 74572.9 Fc 72738.1 Fc
Cotton lint Production Quantity
Cottonseed Production Quantity
Cottonseed Seed
Cucumbers and gherkins Area Harvested 1736 2226 2284 2065 2145
Cucumbers and gherkins Production Quantity 33755 63844 69817 71525 69208
Cucumbers and gherkins Yield 194441 Fc 286810 Fc 305679 Fc 346368 Fc 322648 Fc
Currants Area Harvested 100 F 104 102 100 100
Currants Production Quantity 700 F 716 760 800 700
Currants Yield 70000 Fc 68846.1 Fc 74509.8 Fc 80000 Fc 70000 Fc
Eggplants (aubergines) Area Harvested 9423 10741 10646 10862 12991
Eggplants (aubergines) Production Quantity 243319 302551 316809 321795 334966
Eggplants (aubergines) Yield 258218 Fc 281679 Fc 297585 Fc 296258 Fc 257845 Fc
Fibre Crops Primary + (Total) Area Harvested 2659 A 2479 A 2868 A 3588 A 3350 A
Fibre Crops Primary + (Total) Production Quantity 1643 A 1664 A 1744 A 1749 A 1700 A
Fibre Crops Primary + (Total) Yield 6179.01 Fc 6712.38 Fc 6080.89 Fc 4874.58 Fc 5074.63 Fc
Figs Area Harvested 2409 2553 2539 2700 3863
Figs Production Quantity 12171 12022 12106 15900 17013
Figs Yield 50523 Fc 47089.7 Fc 47680.2 Fc 58888.9 Fc 44040.9 Fc
Flax fibre and tow Area Harvested 2399 Im 2219 Im 2608 Im 3328 Im 3100 F
Flax fibre and tow Production Quantity 393 Im 414 Im 494 Im 499 Im 500 F
Flax fibre and tow Yield 1638.18 Fc 1865.71 Fc 1894.17 Fc 1499.4 Fc 1612.9 Fc
Fruit excl Melons,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 1216180 A 1277280 A 1303580 A 1277710 A 1259230 A
Fruit excl Melons,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 17352700 A 16907800 A 18363500 A 17266500 A 17312700 A
Fruit excl Melons,Total + (Total) Yield 142682 Fc 132373 Fc 140870 Fc 135136 Fc 137486 Fc
Fruit Fresh Nes Area Harvested 14934 Im 15674 Im 16000 F 15200 Im 15000 F
Fruit Fresh Nes Production Quantity 61000 F 60800 Im 66000 F 61787 Im 62000 F
Fruit Fresh Nes Yield 40846.4 Fc 38790.3 Fc 41250 Fc 40649.3 Fc 41333.3 Fc
Garlic Area Harvested 3155 3185 2954 3141 3141
Garlic Production Quantity 30585 29655 26403 26958 28800
Garlic Yield 96941.4 Fc 93108.3 Fc 89380.5 Fc 85826.2 Fc 91690.5 Fc
Grapefruit (inc. pomelos) Area Harvested 300 F 303 303 300 255
Grapefruit (inc. pomelos) Production Quantity 7100 F 7125 7125 7200 7185
Grapefruit (inc. pomelos) Yield 236667 Fc 235149 Fc 235149 Fc 240000 Fc 281765 Fc
Grapes Area Harvested 725353 777500 801900 788100 782000
Grapes Production Quantity 7115500 7787800 8242500 7793300 7392540
Grapes Yield 98097.1 Fc 100165 Fc 102787 Fc 98887.2 Fc 94533.8 Fc
Groundnuts, with shell Area Harvested
Groundnuts, with shell Production Quantity
Groundnuts, with shell Seed
Groundnuts, with shell Yield
Hazelnuts, with shell Area Harvested 70492 55904 70526 71050 72314
Hazelnuts, with shell Production Quantity 128940 90270 106600 111841 128231
Hazelnuts, with shell Yield 18291.4 Fc 16147.3 Fc 15115 Fc 15741.2 Fc 17732.5 Fc
Hemp Tow Waste Area Harvested 260 F 260 F 260 F 260 F 250 F
Hemp Tow Waste Production Quantity 1250 F 1250 F 1250 F 1250 F 1200 F
Hemp Tow Waste Yield 48076.9 Fc 48076.9 Fc 48076.9 Fc 48076.9 Fc 48000 Fc
Hempseed Area Harvested
Hempseed Production Quantity
Hempseed Seed
Hempseed Yield
Kiwi fruit Area Harvested 24930 24675 24630 22417 21732
Kiwi fruit Production Quantity 431558 415877 447608 473955 416997
Kiwi fruit Yield 173108 Fc 168542 Fc 181733 Fc 211427 Fc 191882 Fc
Leeks, other alliaceous veg Area Harvested 372 473 481 600 600
Leeks, other alliaceous veg Production Quantity 9495 12084 12365 15000 16400
Leeks, other alliaceous veg Yield 255242 Fc 255476 Fc 257069 Fc 250000 Fc 273333 Fc
Leguminous vegetables, nes Area Harvested 7474 8950 8563 9792 9547
Leguminous vegetables, nes Production Quantity 47971 55532 51128 57700 59100
Leguminous vegetables, nes Yield 64183.8 Fc 62046.9 Fc 59708.1 Fc 58925.7 Fc 61904.3 Fc
Lemons and limes Area Harvested 27706 28854 30080 30100 29000
Lemons and limes Production Quantity 483088 522377 544532 518500 556417
Lemons and limes Yield 174362 Fc 181041 Fc 181028 Fc 172259 Fc 191868 Fc
Lentils Area Harvested 1948 2458 1868 1816 1806
Lentils Production Quantity 1570 1697 1457 1322 1325
Lentils Seed 135 F 135 F 135 F 135 F 135 F
Lentils Yield 8059.55 Fc 6903.99 Fc 7799.79 Fc 7279.74 Fc 7336.66 Fc
Lettuce and chicory Area Harvested 16903 42854 43629 48000 48000
Lettuce and chicory Production Quantity 364843 843344 844976 916200 949400
Lettuce and chicory Yield 215845 Fc 196795 Fc 193673 Fc 190875 Fc 197792 Fc
Linseed Area Harvested 3000 * 3000 * 3000 * 3000 * 3000 *
Linseed Production Quantity 2000 * 2000 * 2000 * 2000 * 2000 *
Linseed Seed 240 Fc 240 Fc 240 Fc 240 Fc 240 Fc
Linseed Yield 6666.67 Fc 6666.67 Fc 6666.67 Fc 6666.67 Fc 6666.67 Fc
Lupins Area Harvested 3000 F 3100 Im 2900 F 2800 F 3094 Im
Lupins Production Quantity 5500 F 5400 Im 5000 F 4500 F 5000 F
Lupins Seed 300 F 300 F 300 F 300 F 300 F
Lupins Yield 18333.3 Fc 17419.3 Fc 17241.4 Fc 16071.4 Fc 16160.3 Fc
Maize Area Harvested 994831 925967 915500 991500 1053400
Maize Production Quantity 9752590 8827810 7877700 9491200 9809270
Maize Seed 25000 F 25000 F 25000 F 26000 F 28000 F
Maize Yield 98032.6 Fc 95336.1 Fc 86048.1 Fc 95725.7 Fc 93120.1 Fc
Mushrooms and truffles Production Quantity 761858 800000 F 720100 342000 85911
Mustard seed Area Harvested
Mustard seed Production Quantity
Mustard seed Seed
Mustard seed Yield
Nuts, nes Area Harvested 767 Im 747 Im 788 Im 791 Im 800 F
Nuts, nes Production Quantity 2000 Im 1698 Im 1770 Im 1914 Im 2000 F
Nuts, nes Yield 26075.6 Fc 22730.9 Fc 22461.9 Fc 24197.2 Fc 25000 Fc
Oats Area Harvested 126901 114200 133900 147022 154500
Oats Production Quantity 299155 279200 315100 356404 361147
Oats Seed 35000 F 35000 F 35000 F 34000 F 34000 F
Oats Yield 23573.9 Fc 24448.3 Fc 23532.5 Fc 24241.5 Fc 23375.2 Fc
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total) Area Harvested 306023 A 283593 A 286470 A 237990 A 266903 A
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total) Production Quantity 640080 A 605025 A 575717 A 455191 A 500455 A
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total) Seed 16957 A 16957 A 16957.2 A 15227.1 A 16717 A
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total) Yield 20916.1 Fc 21334.3 Fc 20096.9 Fc 19126.5 Fc 18750.4 Fc
Oilcrops Primary + (Total) Area Harvested 1450440 A 1474390 A 1476470 A 1418490 A 1428210 A
Oilcrops Primary + (Total) Production Quantity 950603 A 922887 A 963631 A 965928 A 927586 A
Oilcrops Primary + (Total) Seed 4489.72 A 4489.72 A 4489.83 A 4034.73 A 4337.69 A
Oilcrops Primary + (Total) Yield 6553.88 Fc 6259.43 Fc 6526.59 Fc 6809.55 Fc 6494.73 Fc
Oilseeds, Nes Production Quantity 61000 F 60500 Im 70000 F 62455 Im 60000 F
Olives Area Harvested 1144420 1190800 1190000 1180500 1161310
Olives Production Quantity 3182200 3170700 3286600 3473600 3249800
Olives Yield 27806.2 Fc 26626.6 Fc 27618.5 Fc 29424.8 Fc 27983.9 Fc
Onions (inc. shallots), green Production Quantity F F F F F
Onions, dry Area Harvested 13004 12603 12671 13589 12959
Onions, dry Production Quantity 413793 380855 384418 403521 371452
Onions, dry Yield 318204 Fc 302194 Fc 303384 Fc 296947 Fc 286636 Fc
Oranges Area Harvested 101903 103313 102033 102301 104000
Oranges Production Quantity 2469940 2393660 2421280 2166900 2527500
Oranges Yield 242381 Fc 231690 Fc 237304 Fc 211816 Fc 243029 Fc
Other melons (inc.cantaloupes) Area Harvested 23173 27684 25941 28199 25947
Other melons (inc.cantaloupes) Production Quantity 536229 666383 621267 653309 616664
Other melons (inc.cantaloupes) Yield 231402 Fc 240711 Fc 239492 Fc 231678 Fc 237663 Fc
Peaches and nectarines Area Harvested 88580 90259 93061 86062 86017
Peaches and nectarines Production Quantity 1636750 1590660 1691790 1589120 1630440
Peaches and nectarines Yield 184776 Fc 176233 Fc 181794 Fc 184648 Fc 189549 Fc
Pears Area Harvested 39428 40233 40190 40700 37945
Pears Production Quantity 926542 736646 872368 770100 835700
Pears Yield 234996 Fc 183095 Fc 217061 Fc 189214 Fc 220240 Fc
Peas, dry Area Harvested 7270 11692 10751 10685 12558
Peas, dry Production Quantity 19123 30872 28655 28110 40615
Peas, dry Seed 1200 F 1200 F 1200 F 1300 F 1300 F
Peas, dry Yield 26304 Fc 26404.4 Fc 26653.3 Fc 26307.9 Fc 32341.9 Fc
Peas, green Area Harvested 24017 15930 15296 12784 12080
Peas, green Production Quantity 99039 93361 89780 81626 79024
Peas, green Yield 41237 Fc 58607 Fc 58695.1 Fc 63850.1 Fc 65417.2 Fc
Persimmons Area Harvested 2570 Im 2697 Im 2753 Im 2700 F 3000
Persimmons Production Quantity 50236 Im 48969 Im 53187 Im 50000 F 52500
Persimmons Yield 195471 Fc 181568 Fc 193197 Fc 185185 Fc 175000 Fc
Pistachios Area Harvested 3618 Im 3522 3515 3500 F 3671
Pistachios Production Quantity 10801 Im 9170 3110 2000 F 2782
Pistachios Yield 29853.5 Fc 26036.3 Fc 8847.8 Fc 5714.29 Fc 7578.32 Fc
Plums and sloes Area Harvested 14200 14219 14064 13081 12639
Plums and sloes Production Quantity 191989 207497 189303 183955 178293
Plums and sloes Yield 135204 Fc 145929 Fc 134601 Fc 140628 Fc 141066 Fc
Poppy seed Area Harvested
Potatoes Area Harvested 62091 62400 70594 70578 69513
Potatoes Production Quantity 1547050 1558030 1773920 1603830 1781650
Potatoes Seed 150000 F 150000 F 150000 F 150000 F 150000 F
Potatoes Yield 249158 Fc 249684 Fc 251285 Fc 227242 Fc 256305 Fc
Pulses, nes Area Harvested
Pulses, nes Production Quantity
Pulses, nes Seed
Pulses, nes Yield
Pulses,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 73994 A 90581 A 84427 A 88088 A 85735 A
Pulses,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 139114 A 173734 A 160572 A 166828 A 166263 A
Pulses,Total + (Total) Seed 18435.7 A 18435.7 A 18505.5 A 19530.3 A 19546.2 A
Pulses,Total + (Total) Yield 18800.7 Fc 19180 Fc 19019 Fc 18938.8 Fc 19392.7 Fc
Pumpkins, squash and gourds Area Harvested 18000 F 17275 16486 16582 17023
Pumpkins, squash and gourds Production Quantity 538534 508075 509491 518964 531904
Pumpkins, squash and gourds Yield 299186 Fc 294110 Fc 309045 Fc 312968 Fc 312462 Fc
Pyrethrum,Dried Production Quantity 300 F 300 F 300 F 300 F 300 F
Quinces Area Harvested 87 102 65 55 71
Quinces Production Quantity 1146.3 1250 645 725 611
Quinces Yield 131759 Fc 122549 Fc 99230.8 Fc 131818 Fc 86056.3 Fc
Rapeseed Area Harvested 18834 20400 24800 12553 7121
Rapeseed Production Quantity 44033 50300 50200 32659 14884
Rapeseed Seed 500 F 500 F 500 F 250 F 100 F
Rapeseed Yield 23379.5 Fc 24656.9 Fc 20241.9 Fc 26016.9 Fc 20901.6 Fc
Raspberries Area Harvested 300 F 287 283 300 239
Raspberries Production Quantity 2000 F 1990 1956 1700 1647
Raspberries Yield 66666.7 Fc 69338 Fc 69116.6 Fc 56666.7 Fc 68912.1 Fc
Rice, paddy Area Harvested 246500 247700 238500 224200 232500
Rice, paddy Production Quantity 1490150 1516400 1620400 1388900 1540090
Rice, paddy Seed 43000 F 43000 F 43000 F 43000 F 43000 F
Rice, paddy Yield 60452.3 Fc 61219.2 Fc 67941.3 Fc 61949.2 Fc 66240.4 Fc
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 62583 A 62857 A 71033 A 70984 A 69943 A
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 1557240 A 1566710 A 1781690 A 1611990 A 1789630 A
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total) Seed 150000 A 150000 A 150000 A 150000 A 150000 A
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total) Yield 248828 Fc 249250 Fc 250826 Fc 227092 Fc 255870 Fc
Rye Area Harvested 4851 4513 4600 4733 3038
Rye Production Quantity 14381.8 13926 11700 10800 8953
Rye Seed 600 F 600 F 600 F 600 F 600 F
Rye Yield 29647.1 Fc 30857.5 Fc 25434.8 Fc 22818.5 Fc 29470 Fc
Seed cotton Area Harvested
Seed cotton Production Quantity
Seed cotton Yield
Sesame seed Area Harvested 167 Im 193 Im 170 F 160 190
Sesame seed Production Quantity 1493 Im 1464 Im 1500 F 1360 1087
Sesame seed Seed 1.67 Fc 1.67 Fc 1.93 Fc 1.7 Fc 1.6 Fc
Sesame seed Yield 89401.2 Fc 75854.9 Fc 88235.3 Fc 85000 Fc 57210.5 Fc
Sorghum Area Harvested 42200 40700 39900 38920 34046
Sorghum Production Quantity 299500 271400 243400 225582 193243
Sorghum Seed 1200 F 1200 F 1200 F 1200 F 1200 F
Sorghum Yield 70971.6 Fc 66683.1 Fc 61002.5 Fc 57960.4 Fc 56759.4 Fc
Sour cherries Area Harvested 1493 Im 1567 Im 1600 F 1500 F 1689 Im
Sour cherries Production Quantity 7557 Im 7366 Im 8000 F 7500 F 7000 F
Sour cherries Yield 50616.2 Fc 47007 Fc 50000 Fc 50000 Fc 41444.6 Fc
Soybeans Area Harvested 165955 159500 134700 107795 130335
Soybeans Production Quantity 564638 552500 468200 346245 408491
Soybeans Seed 20000 F 20000 F 20000 F 18000 F 20000 F
Soybeans Yield 34023.6 Fc 34639.5 Fc 34758.7 Fc 32120.7 Fc 31341.6 Fc
Spices, nes Production Quantity
Spinach Area Harvested 6152 6406 6305 7200 7049
Spinach Production Quantity 82410 90608 89443 99800 96418
Spinach Yield 133956 Fc 141442 Fc 141860 Fc 138611 Fc 136783 Fc
Stone fruit, nes Area Harvested 500 F 499 541 500 500
Stone fruit, nes Production Quantity 6500 F 6457 7450 7300 7400
Stone fruit, nes Yield 130000 Fc 129399 Fc 137708 Fc 146000 Fc 148000 Fc
Strawberries Area Harvested 6000 F 5990 6021 6409 6033
Strawberries Production Quantity 150000 F 153875 163044 155583 160558
Strawberries Yield 250000 Fc 256886 Fc 270792 Fc 242757 Fc 266133 Fc
Sugar beet Area Harvested 62235 62700 60614 61173 86275
Sugar beet Production Quantity 3547950 3550100 3307680 3520860 4670300
Sugar beet Yield 570089 Fc 566204 Fc 545696 Fc 575558 Fc 541327 Fc
Sunflower seed Area Harvested 118067 100500 123800 114482 126257
Sunflower seed Production Quantity 274414 212900 280200 260927 278728
Sunflower seed Seed 1500 F 1500 F 1500 F 1500 F 1500 F
Sunflower seed Yield 23242.2 Fc 21184.1 Fc 22633.3 Fc 22792 Fc 22076.2 Fc
Sweet potatoes Area Harvested 492 457 439 406 430
Sweet potatoes Production Quantity 10190 8681 7771 8158 7981
Sweet potatoes Yield 207114 Fc 189956 Fc 177016 Fc 200936 Fc 185605 Fc
Tangerines, mandarins, clem. Area Harvested 38568 38648 38640 38000 36124
Tangerines, mandarins, clem. Production Quantity 852562 240628 826825 765100 786200
Tangerines, mandarins, clem. Yield 221054 Fc 62261.4 Fc 213982 Fc 201342 Fc 217639 Fc
Tobacco, unmanufactured Area Harvested 28761 Im 27829 28230 32038 Im 32000 F
Tobacco, unmanufactured Production Quantity 82175 Im 89112 97860 121281 Im 110000 F
Tobacco, unmanufactured Yield 28571.7 Fc 32021.3 Fc 34665.3 Fc 37855.4 Fc 34375 Fc
Tomatoes Area Harvested 103858 118822 123624 115477 125299
Tomatoes Production Quantity 5950220 6024800 6878160 5976910 6530160
Tomatoes Yield 572919 Fc 507044 Fc 556377 Fc 517584 Fc 521166 Fc
Treenuts,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 178913 A 174185 A 183630 A 184309 A 185464 A
Treenuts,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 321795 A 273195 A 284736 A 306478 A 311657 A
Treenuts,Total + (Total) Yield 17986.1 Fc 15684.2 Fc 15506 Fc 16628.5 Fc 16804.2 Fc
Triticale Area Harvested
Triticale Production Quantity
Triticale Seed
Triticale Yield
Vegetables fresh nes Area Harvested 105413 Im 120039 Im 120000 F 110000 F 139722 Im
Vegetables fresh nes Production Quantity 1600000 F 1586300 Im 1700000 F 1650000 F 2192910 Im
Vegetables fresh nes Seed 14000 F 14000 F 14000 F 12000 F 12000 F
Vegetables fresh nes Yield 151784 Fc 132149 Fc 141667 Fc 150000 Fc 156948 Fc
Vegetables Primary + (Total) Area Harvested 474256 A 536838 A 536665 A 527840 A 570398 A
Vegetables Primary + (Total) Production Quantity 13287900 A 14201300 A 15081800 A 13970100 A 14684300 A
Vegetables Primary + (Total) Seed 14000 A 14000 A 14000 A 12000 A 12000 A
Vegetables Primary + (Total) Yield 280185 Fc 264536 Fc 281028 Fc 264665 Fc 257440 Fc
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total) Area Harvested 474256 A 536838 A 536665 A 527840 A 570398 A
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total) Production Quantity 13287900 A 14201300 A 15081800 A 13970100 A 14684300 A
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total) Seed 14000 A 14000 A 14000 A 12000 A 12000 A
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total) Yield 280185 Fc 264536 Fc 281028 Fc 264665 Fc 257440 Fc
Vetches Area Harvested 6013 Im 7409 Im 6905 Im 7224 Im 7000 F
Vetches Production Quantity 9000 F 9200 Im 8500 F 8053 Im 8000 F
Vetches Seed 300.65 Fc 300.65 Fc 370.45 Fc 345.25 Fc 361.2 Fc
Vetches Yield 14967.6 Fc 12417.3 Fc 12309.9 Fc 11147.6 Fc 11428.6 Fc
Walnuts, with shell Area Harvested 4319 Im 4205 Im 4433 Im 4450 Im 4500 F
Walnuts, with shell Production Quantity 17771 Im 15087 Im 15724 Im 17000 F 16000 F
Walnuts, with shell Yield 41146.1 Fc 35878.7 Fc 35470.3 Fc 38202.3 Fc 35555.6 Fc
Watermelons Area Harvested 10719 12622 11261 11091 11141
Watermelons Production Quantity 378220 477858 463306 434602 437512
Watermelons Yield 352850 Fc 378591 Fc 411425 Fc 391851 Fc 392704 Fc
Wheat Area Harvested 1726030 1830480 1822360 2288850 2100440
Wheat Production Quantity 6622000 6849860 6534750 8855440 7170180
Wheat Seed 600000 F 600000 F 600000 F 600000 F 600000 F
Wheat Yield 38365.5 Fc 37421.1 Fc 35858.7 Fc 38689.5 Fc 34136.6 Fc
Agricultural Production: MT
* = Unofficial figure | A = Aggregate, may include official, semi-official or estimated data | F = FAO estimate | Fc = Calculated data | Im = FAO data based on imputation methodology | M = Data not available | P = Provisional official data
2011-2007 | 2006-2002
crop20062005200420032002
Almonds, with shell Area Harvested 81737 83124 84073 85145 86040
Almonds, with shell Production Quantity 112796 118344 105245 91382 104891
Almonds, with shell Yield 13799.9 Fc 14237 Fc 12518.3 Fc 10732.5 Fc 12191 Fc
Anise, badian, fennel, corian. Production Quantity
Apples Area Harvested 57143 57136 57554 56928 60529
Apples Production Quantity 2130980 2192000 2136230 1953750 2199220
Apples Yield 372921 Fc 383646 Fc 371170 Fc 343197 Fc 363333 Fc
Apricots Area Harvested 17708 17318 15551 15633 15314
Apricots Production Quantity 221994 232882 213425 108320 200110
Apricots Yield 125364 Fc 134474 Fc 137242 Fc 69289.3 Fc 130671 Fc
Artichokes Area Harvested 50383 50127 50071 49898 50524
Artichokes Production Quantity 468964 469975 489207 391680 455653
Artichokes Yield 93079.8 Fc 93756.9 Fc 97702.7 Fc 78496.1 Fc 90185.5 Fc
Asparagus Area Harvested 6371 6442 6403 6315 6359
Asparagus Production Quantity 42790 43496 41128 37413 39235
Asparagus Yield 67163.7 Fc 67519.4 Fc 64232.4 Fc 59244.7 Fc 61699.9 Fc
Bananas Area Harvested 20 F 21 Im 20 Im 19 Im 18 Im
Bananas Production Quantity 450 F 464 Im 461 Im 389 Im 412 Im
Bananas Yield 225000 Fc 220952 Fc 230500 Fc 204737 Fc 228889 Fc
Barley Area Harvested 330675 319944 304876 309726 342825
Barley Production Quantity 1282040 1214050 1156620 1020800 1190330
Barley Seed 70000 F 70000 F 70000 F 65000 F 69000 *
Barley Yield 38770.4 Fc 37945.7 Fc 37937.4 Fc 32958.2 Fc 34721.2 Fc
Beans, dry Area Harvested 8179 8755 9246 9165 9972
Beans, dry Production Quantity 13063 18908 14371 12998 18778
Beans, dry Seed 4000 F 4000 F 4000 F 4000 F 4000 F
Beans, dry Yield 15971.4 Fc 21596.8 Fc 15542.9 Fc 14182.2 Fc 18830.7 Fc
Beans, green Area Harvested 21834 22281 22810 23720 23244
Beans, green Production Quantity 190663 202478 193019 190452 205189
Beans, green Yield 87323.9 Fc 90874.7 Fc 84620.3 Fc 80291.7 Fc 88276.1 Fc
Berries Nes Area Harvested 8300 8800 8700 8800
Berries Nes Production Quantity 67500 82200 71500 72800
Berries Nes Yield 81325.3 Fc 93409.1 Fc 82183.9 Fc 82727.3 Fc
Blueberries Area Harvested 200 F 173 108 200 183
Blueberries Production Quantity 1500 F 1489 1507 1400 1811
Blueberries Yield 75000 Fc 86069.4 Fc 139537 Fc 70000 Fc 98961.8 Fc
Broad beans, horse beans, dry Area Harvested 44617 48507 44117 44103 41387
Broad beans, horse beans, dry Production Quantity 82600 86920 81953 64800 63839
Broad beans, horse beans, dry Seed 13000 F 13000 F 13000 F 13000 F 13000 F
Broad beans, horse beans, dry Yield 18513.1 Fc 17919.1 Fc 18576.3 Fc 14692.9 Fc 15424.9 Fc
Cabbages and other brassicas Area Harvested 17717 18530 17248 24000 24622
Cabbages and other brassicas Production Quantity 329287 340425 320787 427800 422458
Cabbages and other brassicas Yield 185859 Fc 183716 Fc 185985 Fc 178250 Fc 171577 Fc
Carobs Area Harvested 8754 8704 8779 8789 8789
Carobs Production Quantity 26110 31665 19060 18637 24015
Carobs Yield 29826.4 Fc 36379.8 Fc 21710.9 Fc 21204.9 Fc 27323.9 Fc
Carrots and turnips Area Harvested 14000 13307 13694 13690 13977
Carrots and turnips Production Quantity 619700 602400 607188 571200 561442
Carrots and turnips Yield 442643 Fc 452694 Fc 443397 Fc 417239 Fc 401690 Fc
Castor oil seed Area Harvested F F
Castor oil seed Production Quantity F F
Castor oil seed Yield
Cauliflowers and broccoli Area Harvested 18093 18150 17946 24035 24229
Cauliflowers and broccoli Production Quantity 403129 430669 413682 484854 452200
Cauliflowers and broccoli Yield 222809 Fc 237283 Fc 230515 Fc 201728 Fc 186636 Fc
Cereals (Rice Milled Eqv + (Total) Area Harvested 3801050 A 3995830 A 4276500 A 4147560 A 4284650 A
Cereals (Rice Milled Eqv + (Total) Production Quantity 19734000 A 20952600 A 22775900 A 17397400 A 20791800 A
Cereals (Rice Milled Eqv + (Total) Seed 781300 A 781300 A 779300 A 781200 A 776200 A
Cereals (Rice Milled Eqv + (Total) Yield 51917.2 Fc 52436.3 Fc 53258.2 Fc 41946 Fc 48526.3 Fc
Cereals, nes Area Harvested 8115 6766 7217 7527 7289
Cereals, nes Production Quantity 27013 29157 35484 37900 31356
Cereals, nes Seed 2500 F 4500 F 4500 F 4500 F 4500 F
Cereals, nes Yield 33287.7 Fc 43093.4 Fc 49167.2 Fc 50352.1 Fc 43018.3 Fc
Cereals,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 3801050 A 3995830 A 4276500 A 4147560 A 4284650 A
Cereals,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 20206600 A 21423100 A 23283200 A 17864400 A 21248400 A
Cereals,Total + (Total) Seed 781300 A 781300 A 779300 A 781200 A 776200 A
Cereals,Total + (Total) Yield 53160.5 Fc 53613.8 Fc 54444.5 Fc 43071.9 Fc 49591.9 Fc
Cherries Area Harvested 28876 27888 28331 28558 28804
Cherries Production Quantity 110910 101295 95169 102000 126000 *
Cherries Yield 38409.1 Fc 36322.1 Fc 33591.8 Fc 35716.8 Fc 43743.9 Fc
Chestnuts Area Harvested 24032 Im 24000 F 18888 Im 19092 Im 19278 Im
Chestnuts Production Quantity 52615 52000 F 39976 Im 42416 Im 54315 Im
Chestnuts Yield 21893.7 Fc 21666.7 Fc 21164.8 Fc 22216.6 Fc 28174.6 Fc
Chick peas Area Harvested 5188 5256 5443 5694 5092
Chick peas Production Quantity 6173 6113 6447 6034 5550
Chick peas Seed 450 F 450 F 450 F 450 F 450 F
Chick peas Yield 11898.6 Fc 11630.5 Fc 11844.6 Fc 10597.1 Fc 10899.5 Fc
Chillies and peppers, green Area Harvested 13332 13787 13547 14253 13757
Chillies and peppers, green Production Quantity 345152 362994 362430 360621 326850
Chillies and peppers, green Yield 258890 Fc 263287 Fc 267535 Fc 253014 Fc 237588 Fc
Citrus fruit, nes Area Harvested 1567 1462 1463 1533 1534
Citrus fruit, nes Production Quantity 36749 29207 29188 23912 26385
Citrus fruit, nes Yield 234518 Fc 199774 Fc 199508 Fc 155982 Fc 172001 Fc
Citrus Fruit,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 171828 A 167520 A 168071 A 169577 A 175305 A
Citrus Fruit,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 3653770 A 3518090 A 3335580 A 2781170 A 2789220 A
Citrus Fruit,Total + (Total) Yield 212641 Fc 210010 Fc 198463 Fc 164006 Fc 159106 Fc
Coarse Grain, Total + (Total) Area Harvested 1649320 A 1648910 A 1692810 A 1662130 A 1650440 A
Coarse Grain, Total + (Total) Production Quantity 11605700 A 12293100 A 13121000 A 10232600 A 12329500 A
Coarse Grain, Total + (Total) Seed 138300 A 138300 A 136300 A 138200 A 135200 A
Coarse Grain, Total + (Total) Yield 70366.6 Fc 74552.5 Fc 77510.4 Fc 61563 Fc 74704.8 Fc
Cotton lint Production Quantity
Cottonseed Production Quantity
Cottonseed Seed
Cucumbers and gherkins Area Harvested 2312 2338 2422 2125 2086
Cucumbers and gherkins Production Quantity 71362 77497 79772 67397 66621
Cucumbers and gherkins Yield 308659 Fc 331467 Fc 329364 Fc 317162 Fc 319372 Fc
Currants Area Harvested 100 74 69 54 58
Currants Production Quantity 800 723 694 615 586
Currants Yield 80000 Fc 97702.7 Fc 100580 Fc 113889 Fc 101034 Fc
Eggplants (aubergines) Area Harvested 11734 12169 12379 12881 12175
Eggplants (aubergines) Production Quantity 338361 338803 366461 368992 332449
Eggplants (aubergines) Yield 288359 Fc 278415 Fc 296034 Fc 286462 Fc 273059 Fc
Fibre Crops Primary + (Total) Area Harvested 2977 A 3096 A 3151 A 3689 A 3161 A
Fibre Crops Primary + (Total) Production Quantity 1478 A 1481 A 1572 A 3323 A 1700 A
Fibre Crops Primary + (Total) Yield 4964.73 Fc 4783.59 Fc 4988.89 Fc 9007.86 Fc 5378.04 Fc
Figs Area Harvested 3848 3478 3593 4509 4660
Figs Production Quantity 23269 20091 21226 19349 13354
Figs Yield 60470.4 Fc 57766 Fc 59076 Fc 42911.9 Fc 28656.7 Fc
Flax fibre and tow Area Harvested 2727 Im 2846 Im 2855 Im 2831 Im 2865 Im
Flax fibre and tow Production Quantity 278 Im 281 Im 291 Im 337 Im 419 Im
Flax fibre and tow Yield 1019.44 Fc 987.35 Fc 1019.26 Fc 1190.39 Fc 1462.48 Fc
Fruit excl Melons,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 1264040 A 1267180 A 1263640 A 1313330 A 1320830 A
Fruit excl Melons,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 18014700 A 18216300 A 18073000 A 15254600 A 16080600 A
Fruit excl Melons,Total + (Total) Yield 142517 Fc 143754 Fc 143024 Fc 116153 Fc 121746 Fc
Fruit Fresh Nes Area Harvested 11470 Im 11500 F 10734 Im 11159 Im 11299 Im
Fruit Fresh Nes Production Quantity 47483 Im 48000 F 50064 Im 42250 Im 44739 Im
Fruit Fresh Nes Yield 41397.6 Fc 41739.1 Fc 46640.6 Fc 37861.8 Fc 39595.5 Fc
Garlic Area Harvested 3071 3163 3004 3064 3228
Garlic Production Quantity 28344 29598 26807 25334 28070
Garlic Yield 92295.7 Fc 93575.7 Fc 89237.7 Fc 82682.8 Fc 86957.9 Fc
Grapefruit (inc. pomelos) Area Harvested 261 245 252 245 235
Grapefruit (inc. pomelos) Production Quantity 7500 7056 6768 6562 4441
Grapefruit (inc. pomelos) Yield 287356 Fc 288000 Fc 268571 Fc 267837 Fc 188979 Fc
Grapes Area Harvested 786000 793000 787000 835546 836330
Grapes Production Quantity 8326690 8553580 8691970 7482940 7393880
Grapes Yield 105938 Fc 107864 Fc 110444 Fc 89557.5 Fc 88408.6 Fc
Groundnuts, with shell Area Harvested
Groundnuts, with shell Production Quantity
Groundnuts, with shell Seed
Groundnuts, with shell Yield
Hazelnuts, with shell Area Harvested 69685 67743 67506 68113 68742
Hazelnuts, with shell Production Quantity 142109 87879 143356 83292 119458
Hazelnuts, with shell Yield 20393 Fc 12972.4 Fc 21236 Fc 12228.5 Fc 17377.7 Fc
Hemp Tow Waste Area Harvested 250 F 250 F 296 F 858 296
Hemp Tow Waste Production Quantity 1200 F 1200 F 1281 F 2986 1281
Hemp Tow Waste Yield 48000 Fc 48000 Fc 43277 Fc 34801.9 Fc 43277 Fc
Hempseed Area Harvested
Hempseed Production Quantity
Hempseed Seed
Hempseed Yield
Kiwi fruit Area Harvested 21354 21479 20847 19505 19622
Kiwi fruit Production Quantity 434650 415052 429186 322800 379383
Kiwi fruit Yield 203545 Fc 193236 Fc 205874 Fc 165496 Fc 193346 Fc
Leeks, other alliaceous veg Area Harvested 628 597 616 649 650
Leeks, other alliaceous veg Production Quantity 15451 15477 16524 15980 15846
Leeks, other alliaceous veg Yield 246035 Fc 259246 Fc 268247 Fc 246225 Fc 243785 Fc
Leguminous vegetables, nes Area Harvested 9694 9484 9683 9736 10767
Leguminous vegetables, nes Production Quantity 58991 53796 57813 55104 59642
Leguminous vegetables, nes Yield 60853.1 Fc 56722.9 Fc 59705.7 Fc 56598.2 Fc 55393.3 Fc
Lemons and limes Area Harvested 30000 30000 29336 30668 33207
Lemons and limes Production Quantity 573171 603392 583443 520128 486410
Lemons and limes Yield 191057 Fc 201131 Fc 198883 Fc 169600 Fc 146478 Fc
Lentils Area Harvested 1738 1786 1719 2206 1083
Lentils Production Quantity 1190 1234 1140 1200 823
Lentils Seed 135 F 135 F 130 F 130 F 150 F
Lentils Yield 6846.95 Fc 6909.29 Fc 6631.76 Fc 5439.71 Fc 7599.26 Fc
Lettuce and chicory Area Harvested 50000 50010 49591 49369 49383
Lettuce and chicory Production Quantity 977900 1010470 995920 921770 916208
Lettuce and chicory Yield 195580 Fc 202054 Fc 200827 Fc 186710 Fc 185531 Fc
Linseed Area Harvested 3000 * 3000 * 3000 * 3000 * 3000 *
Linseed Production Quantity 2000 * 2000 * 2000 * 2000 * 2000 *
Linseed Seed 240 Fc 240 Fc 240 Fc 240 Fc 240 Fc
Linseed Yield 6666.67 Fc 6666.67 Fc 6666.67 Fc 6666.67 Fc 6666.67 Fc
Lupins Area Harvested 3000 F 2500 F 3030 3599 Im 3332 Im
Lupins Production Quantity 5500 F 3500 F 4570 5000 4600
Lupins Seed 300 F 300 F 300 F 300 F 300 F
Lupins Yield 18333.3 Fc 14000 Fc 15082.5 Fc 13892.8 Fc 13805.5 Fc
Maize Area Harvested 1108000 1113170 1196950 1163230 1111950
Maize Production Quantity 9671210 10427900 11368000 8702290 10554400
Maize Seed 30000 F 28000 F 28000 F 35000 F 28000 *
Maize Yield 87285.3 Fc 93677.5 Fc 94974.7 Fc 74811.4 Fc 94917.9 Fc
Mushrooms and truffles Production Quantity 100100 88361 94152 96090 72700
Mustard seed Area Harvested
Mustard seed Production Quantity
Mustard seed Seed
Mustard seed Yield
Nuts, nes Area Harvested 1000 F 250 F 977 Im 988 Im 998 Im
Nuts, nes Production Quantity 2500 F 500 F 1348 Im 1633 Im 2091 Im
Nuts, nes Yield 25000 Fc 20000 Fc 13797.3 Fc 16528.3 Fc 20951.9 Fc
Oats Area Harvested 160950 174799 146638 148393 150933
Oats Production Quantity 394923 429153 337694 306424 328759
Oats Seed 34000 F 34000 F 32000 F 32000 F 32000 *
Oats Yield 24537 Fc 24551.2 Fc 23029.1 Fc 20649.5 Fc 21781.8 Fc
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total) Area Harvested 329170 A 288843 A 280407 A 310829 A 331961 A
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total) Production Quantity 669747 A 642030 A 616683 A 488903 A 705358 A
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total) Seed 12626.2 A 16717 A 15692 A 15692.1 A 16529.1 A
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total) Yield 20346.5 Fc 22227.7 Fc 21992.4 Fc 15729 Fc 21248.2 Fc
Oilcrops Primary + (Total) Area Harvested 1497030 A 1457440 A 1446410 A 1473540 A 1502320 A
Oilcrops Primary + (Total) Production Quantity 1022460 A 1084000 A 1243210 A 981683 A 1000180 A
Oilcrops Primary + (Total) Seed 3314.82 A 4337.69 A 3952.69 A 3952.73 A 4173.73 A
Oilcrops Primary + (Total) Yield 6829.92 Fc 7437.68 Fc 8595.14 Fc 6662.08 Fc 6657.58 Fc
Oilseeds, Nes Production Quantity 140000 F 105981 Im 122216 Im 96000 F 111000 F
Olives Area Harvested 1167860 1168600 1166000 1162710 1170360
Olives Production Quantity 3415680 3774810 4534230 3546130 3231300
Olives Yield 29247.3 Fc 32302 Fc 38887.1 Fc 30498.8 Fc 27609.5 Fc
Onions (inc. shallots), green Production Quantity F F
Onions, dry Area Harvested 12887 12281 12852 13371 13890
Onions, dry Production Quantity 378212 358926 403079 357069 412510
Onions, dry Yield 293483 Fc 292261 Fc 313631 Fc 267047 Fc 296983 Fc
Oranges Area Harvested 104000 103605 104606 105289 106577
Oranges Production Quantity 2346070 2261400 2105050 1733680 1723630
Oranges Yield 225584 Fc 218271 Fc 201236 Fc 164659 Fc 161726 Fc
Other melons (inc.cantaloupes) Area Harvested 27778 27815 26627 26783 24748
Other melons (inc.cantaloupes) Production Quantity 624959 611501 580268 569698 506159
Other melons (inc.cantaloupes) Yield 224983 Fc 219846 Fc 217925 Fc 212709 Fc 204525 Fc
Peaches and nectarines Area Harvested 85812 87132 89867 89302 92717
Peaches and nectarines Production Quantity 1664810 1693150 1710010 1175860 1586590
Peaches and nectarines Yield 194007 Fc 194320 Fc 190282 Fc 131672 Fc 171122 Fc
Pears Area Harvested 38512 39089 40607 40512 41923
Pears Production Quantity 910428 925905 877253 826024 922661
Pears Yield 236401 Fc 236871 Fc 216035 Fc 203896 Fc 220085 Fc
Peas, dry Area Harvested 13625 11144 10315 9770 8133
Peas, dry Production Quantity 42670 34464 32478 29624 25264
Peas, dry Seed 1300 F 1300 F 1300 F 1300 F 1300 F
Peas, dry Yield 31317.4 Fc 30926.1 Fc 31486.2 Fc 30321.4 Fc 31063.6 Fc
Peas, green Area Harvested 12589 11618 11557 11478 11045
Peas, green Production Quantity 88102 71103 70421 61260 68235
Peas, green Yield 69983.3 Fc 61200.7 Fc 60933.6 Fc 53371.7 Fc 61779.1 Fc
Persimmons Area Harvested 2837 2720 2820 2840 2891
Persimmons Production Quantity 53100 51332 57110 47000 54170
Persimmons Yield 187170 Fc 188721 Fc 202518 Fc 165493 Fc 187375 Fc
Pistachios Area Harvested 3285 3635 3607 3600 3602
Pistachios Production Quantity 1024 2719 2400 1993 1877
Pistachios Yield 3117.2 Fc 7480.06 Fc 6653.73 Fc 5536.11 Fc 5210.99 Fc
Plums and sloes Area Harvested 13048 12902 12394 12738 12622
Plums and sloes Production Quantity 180488 185404 179334 128000 177000
Plums and sloes Yield 138326 Fc 143702 Fc 144694 Fc 100487 Fc 140231 Fc
Poppy seed Area Harvested
Potatoes Area Harvested 72451 69912 72430 73975 76985
Potatoes Production Quantity 1782810 1753530 1821510 1610440 1855320
Potatoes Seed 150000 F 150000 F 150000 F 150000 F 150000 *
Potatoes Yield 246071 Fc 250820 Fc 251486 Fc 217701 Fc 240998 Fc
Pulses, nes Area Harvested
Pulses, nes Production Quantity
Pulses, nes Seed
Pulses, nes Yield
Pulses,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 83547 A 85604 A 81058 A 81735 A 75662 A
Pulses,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 159696 A 159139 A 149205 A 126656 A 125354 A
Pulses,Total + (Total) Seed 19535 A 19545 A 19562.8 A 19539.4 A 19559.9 A
Pulses,Total + (Total) Yield 19114.5 Fc 18590.1 Fc 18407.2 Fc 15495.9 Fc 16567.6 Fc
Pumpkins, squash and gourds Area Harvested 17123 16736 16653 16628 16194
Pumpkins, squash and gourds Production Quantity 512199 488054 490545 469466 418401
Pumpkins, squash and gourds Yield 299129 Fc 291619 Fc 294569 Fc 282335 Fc 258368 Fc
Pyrethrum,Dried Production Quantity 300 F 300 F 300 F 300 F 300 F
Quinces Area Harvested 79 73 69 69 69
Quinces Production Quantity 818 634 608 515 604
Quinces Yield 103544 Fc 86849.3 Fc 88115.9 Fc 74637.7 Fc 87536.2 Fc
Rapeseed Area Harvested 3535 3478 2872 4826 9652
Rapeseed Production Quantity 5961 6079 5180 6636 13440
Rapeseed Seed 100 F 100 F 100 F 100 F 100 F
Rapeseed Yield 16862.8 Fc 17478.4 Fc 18036.2 Fc 13750.5 Fc 13924.6 Fc
Raspberries Area Harvested 200 178 181 172 167
Raspberries Production Quantity 1700 1421 1657 1391 1380
Raspberries Yield 85000 Fc 79831.5 Fc 91547 Fc 80872.1 Fc 82634.7 Fc
Rice, paddy Area Harvested 226077 224015 229722 218675 218676
Rice, paddy Production Quantity 1419130 1412960 1523440 1402350 1371100
Rice, paddy Seed 43000 F 43000 F 43000 F 43000 F 41000 F
Rice, paddy Yield 62772 Fc 63074.3 Fc 66316.7 Fc 64129.4 Fc 62700.1 Fc
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 73868 A 71343 A 73837 A 75340 A 78359 A
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 1803280 A 1773780 A 1844010 A 1631080 A 1870940 A
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total) Seed 150000 A 150000 A 150000 A 150000 A 150000 A
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total) Yield 244122 Fc 248627 Fc 249740 Fc 216496 Fc 238765 Fc
Rye Area Harvested 2847 2654 2856 2709 3360
Rye Production Quantity 8590 7876 7851 6940 9631
Rye Seed 600 F 600 F 600 F 600 F 600 F
Rye Yield 30172.1 Fc 29676 Fc 27489.5 Fc 25618.3 Fc 28663.7 Fc
Seed cotton Area Harvested
Seed cotton Production Quantity
Seed cotton Yield
Sesame seed Area Harvested 160 160 170 170 180
Sesame seed Production Quantity 1200 1296 1700 1696 1440
Sesame seed Seed 1.9 Fc 1.6 Fc 1.6 Fc 1.7 Fc 1.7 Fc
Sesame seed Yield 75000 Fc 81000 Fc 100000 Fc 99764.7 Fc 80000 Fc
Sorghum Area Harvested 38735 31578 34273 30543 34079
Sorghum Production Quantity 221935 184915 215394 158206 215072
Sorghum Seed 1200 F 1200 F 1200 F 1100 F 1100 F
Sorghum Yield 57295.7 Fc 58558.2 Fc 62846.6 Fc 51797.8 Fc 63109.8 Fc
Sour cherries Area Harvested 1700 F 1670 1650 1670 1680
Sour cherries Production Quantity 6800 F 7000 6200 * 7090 8789 *
Sour cherries Yield 40000 Fc 41916.2 Fc 37575.8 Fc 42455.1 Fc 52315.5 Fc
Soybeans Area Harvested 177909 152331 150368 152052 152021
Soybeans Production Quantity 551292 553002 518139 397000 587000
Soybeans Seed 15000 F 20000 F 19000 F 19000 F 20000 F
Soybeans Yield 30987.3 Fc 36302.7 Fc 34458.1 Fc 26109.5 Fc 38613.1 Fc
Spices, nes Production Quantity
Spinach Area Harvested 7021 7367 7133 6810 6732
Spinach Production Quantity 96653 99367 95393 85660 86450
Spinach Yield 137663 Fc 134881 Fc 133735 Fc 125786 Fc 128417 Fc
Stone fruit, nes Area Harvested 500 499 499 503 513
Stone fruit, nes Production Quantity 7100 7102 7060 7488 5748
Stone fruit, nes Yield 142000 Fc 142325 Fc 141483 Fc 148867 Fc 112047 Fc
Strawberries Area Harvested 5746 5826 6195 6243 7339
Strawberries Production Quantity 143315 146769 167727 154861 150901
Strawberries Yield 249417 Fc 251921 Fc 270746 Fc 248055 Fc 205615 Fc
Sugar beet Area Harvested 91230 253043 185805 214172 242000
Sugar beet Production Quantity 4769610 14155700 8473020 7136500 12726000
Sugar beet Yield 522812 Fc 559419 Fc 456017 Fc 333213 Fc 525868 Fc
Sunflower seed Area Harvested 144566 129874 123997 150781 167108
Sunflower seed Production Quantity 308038 289365 274019 237375 351000
Sunflower seed Seed 1200 F 1500 F 1000 F 1000 F 1100 F
Sunflower seed Yield 21307.8 Fc 22280.4 Fc 22098.8 Fc 15743 Fc 21004.4 Fc
Sweet potatoes Area Harvested 1417 1431 1407 1365 1374
Sweet potatoes Production Quantity 20469 20251 22498 20643 15617
Sweet potatoes Yield 144453 Fc 141516 Fc 159901 Fc 151231 Fc 113661 Fc
Tangerines, mandarins, clem. Area Harvested 36000 32208 32414 31842 33752
Tangerines, mandarins, clem. Production Quantity 690278 617037 611134 496884 548350
Tangerines, mandarins, clem. Yield 191744 Fc 191579 Fc 188540 Fc 156047 Fc 162464 Fc
Tobacco, unmanufactured Area Harvested 28000 34372 33760 36690 37901
Tobacco, unmanufactured Production Quantity 96600 115983 117882 124985 122231
Tobacco, unmanufactured Yield 34500 Fc 33743.4 Fc 34917.7 Fc 34065.1 Fc 32250.1 Fc
Tomatoes Area Harvested 122192 138759 144973 130507 122045
Tomatoes Production Quantity 6351200 7187010 7683070 6651510 5750040
Tomatoes Yield 519772 Fc 517949 Fc 529966 Fc 509667 Fc 471141 Fc
Treenuts,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 183744 A 182752 A 178872 A 180800 A 182560 A
Treenuts,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 326044 A 277442 A 303683 A 232430 A 297632 A
Treenuts,Total + (Total) Yield 17744.5 Fc 15181.3 Fc 16977.7 Fc 12855.6 Fc 16303.2 Fc
Triticale Area Harvested
Triticale Production Quantity
Triticale Seed
Triticale Yield
Vegetables fresh nes Area Harvested 140000 F 144000 F 142442 Im 142568 Im 139742 Im
Vegetables fresh nes Production Quantity 2200000 F 2423600 Im 2522830 Im 2303610 Im 2123340 Im
Vegetables fresh nes Seed 12000 F 12000 F 12000 F 12000 F 12000 F
Vegetables fresh nes Yield 157143 Fc 168306 Fc 177113 Fc 161580 Fc 151947 Fc
Vegetables Primary + (Total) Area Harvested 571532 A 593154 A 596167 A 596695 A 584866 A
Vegetables Primary + (Total) Production Quantity 14731800 A 15825500 A 16473400 A 15042000 A 13864800 A
Vegetables Primary + (Total) Seed 12000 A 12000 A 12000 A 12000 A 12000 A
Vegetables Primary + (Total) Yield 257759 Fc 266802 Fc 276322 Fc 252088 Fc 237060 Fc
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total) Area Harvested 571532 A 593154 A 596167 A 596695 A 584866 A
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total) Production Quantity 14731800 A 15825500 A 16473400 A 15042000 A 13864800 A
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total) Seed 12000 A 12000 A 12000 A 12000 A 12000 A
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total) Yield 257759 Fc 266802 Fc 276322 Fc 252088 Fc 237060 Fc
Vetches Area Harvested 7200 F 7656 Im 7188 Im 7198 Im 6663 Im
Vetches Production Quantity 8500 F 8000 F 8246 Im 7000 F 6500
Vetches Seed 350 Fc 360 Fc 382.8 Fc 359.4 Fc 359.9 Fc
Vetches Yield 11805.6 Fc 10449.3 Fc 11471.9 Fc 9724.92 Fc 9755.37 Fc
Walnuts, with shell Area Harvested 4005 Im 4000 F 3821 Im 3862 Im 3900 *
Walnuts, with shell Production Quantity 15000 F 16000 F 11358 Im 11714 Im 15000 *
Walnuts, with shell Yield 37453.2 Fc 40000 Fc 29725.2 Fc 30331.4 Fc 38461.5 Fc
Watermelons Area Harvested 12773 14193 14516 14815 15469
Watermelons Production Quantity 490247 519463 562909 529001 545148
Watermelons Yield 383815 Fc 365999 Fc 387785 Fc 357071 Fc 352413 Fc
Wheat Area Harvested 1925650 2122900 2353970 2266760 2415540
Wheat Production Quantity 7181720 7717130 8638720 6229450 7547760
Wheat Seed 600000 F 600000 F 600000 F 600000 F 600000 F
Wheat Yield 37295 Fc 36351.8 Fc 36698.5 Fc 27481.7 Fc 31246.7 Fc
Agricultural Production: MT
* = Unofficial figure | A = Aggregate, may include official, semi-official or estimated data | F = FAO estimate | Fc = Calculated data | Im = FAO data based on imputation methodology | M = Data not available | P = Provisional official data

Land Usage

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2011-2007 | 2006-2002
land use20112010200920082007
Agricultural area Area 13932.6 Fm 14322.8 W 13928.3 Fm 14430.9 Fm 14162 Fm
Agricultural area certified organic Area 837 W 736 Q 735 W 812 W 903 W
Agricultural area in conversion to organic Area 260 W 378 Q 371 W 190 W 247 W
Agricultural area irrigated Area 2419 W 2666 I
Agricultural area organic, total Area 1097 W 1114 Q 1106 W 1002 W 1150 W
Arable land Area 6800 Fm 7037 W 6927 Fm 7472 Fm 7171 Q
Arable land and Permanent crops Area 9320.6 Fm 9624.8 W 9505.73 Fm 10014.9 Fm 9702 Q
Country area Area 30134 W 30134 W 30134 W 30134 W 30134 Q
Fallow land Area 560 Fm 548 W 532 Fm 517 Fm 501 Q
Forest area Area 9227 Fm 9149 Q 9071 Fm 8993 Fm 8915 Fm
Inland water Area 720 Fm 720 Fm 720 Fm 720 Fm 720 Fm
Land area Area 29414 Fm 29414 Fm 29414 Fm 29414 Fm 29414 Q
Other land Area 6254.4 Fm 5942.2 Fm 6414.67 Fm 5990.13 Fm 6337 Fm
Permanent crops Area 2520.6 W 2587.8 W 2578.4 W 2543.2 W 2531 Q
Permanent meadows and pastures Area 4612 W 4698 W 4423 W 4416 W 4460 W
Temporary crops Area 4256 Fm 4543 W 4380 W 4986 W
Temporary meadows and pastures Area 1984 W 1946 W 2015 W 1969 W
Total area equipped for irrigation Area 3950 Fm 3950 Fm 3950 Fm 3950 Fm 3950.5 I
Land Usage: (1000 Ha)
E = Expert sources from FAO (including other divisions) | Fm = Manual Estimation | I = Country data reported by International Organizations where the country is a member (Semi-official) - WTO, EU, UNSD, etc. | Q = Official data reported on FAO Questionnaires from countries | W = Data reported on country official publications or web sites (Official) or trade country files
2011-2007 | 2006-2002
land use20062005200420032002
Agricultural area Area 14203 Fm 14736 Fm 14883 Fm 14907 Fm 15273 Fm
Agricultural area certified organic Area 801 W 729 W 708 W
Agricultural area in conversion to organic Area 347 W 338 W 246 W
Agricultural area irrigated Area 2613 I 2733 I
Agricultural area organic, total Area 1148 W 1067 W 954 W
Arable land Area 7376 Q 7780 Q 7979 Q 7959 I 8287 I
Arable land and Permanent crops Area 9921 Q 10334 Q 10529 Q 10539 F 10894 F
Country area Area 30134 Q 30134 W 30134 W 30134 Q 30134 Q
Fallow land Area 475 Q 475 Q 475 Q 453 Q 484 Q
Forest area Area 8837 Fm 8759 Q 8681 Fm 8603 Fm 8525 Fm
Inland water Area 720 Fm 720 Fm 720 Fm 720 Fm 723 Fm
Land area Area 29414 Q 29414 Q 29414 Q 29414 Q 29411 Q
Other land Area 6374 Fm 5919 Fm 5850 Fm 5904 Fm 5613 Fm
Permanent crops Area 2545 Q 2554 Q 2550 Q 2580 W 2607 W
Permanent meadows and pastures Area 4282 W 4402 W 4354 W 4368 W 4379 W
Temporary crops Area
Temporary meadows and pastures Area
Total area equipped for irrigation Area 3960 Fm 3973 I 3975 Fm 3977 W 3936 Fm
Land Usage: (1000 Ha)
E = Expert sources from FAO (including other divisions) | Fm = Manual Estimation | I = Country data reported by International Organizations where the country is a member (Semi-official) - WTO, EU, UNSD, etc. | Q = Official data reported on FAO Questionnaires from countries | W = Data reported on country official publications or web sites (Official) or trade country files

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