Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2021) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas citri (citrus canker) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora cinnamomi (Phytophthora dieback) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora megakarya (black pod of cocoa) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Gibberella xylarioides (coffee wilt) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); UK, CAB International (1970) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Guignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Pseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Seif and Hillocks (1993); UK, CAB International (1996) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phellinus noxius (brown tea root disease) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1997) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) | Present | | | Bell et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurodicus dispersus (whitefly) | Present | | | Poligui et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly) | Present | Introduced | | Ekesi and Billah (2006); CABI and EPPO (2008); Vayssieres et al. (2008); Poligui et al. (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) | Present | Native | | Poligui et al. (2014); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | Coffinet et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dacus bivittatus (fruit fly) | Present | | | White (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dacus ciliatus (lesser pumpkin fly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer) | Present | | | Cristancho et al. (2007); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug) | Present | Introduced | | Williams (1986); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Monomorium pharaonis (pharaoh ant) | Present | | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Mononychellus tanajoa (cassava green mite) | Present, Widespread | | | Yaninek (1988); Yaninek and Herren (1988); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nomadacris septemfasciata (red locust) | Present, Few occurrences | | | Morant (1947) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Palaemon elegans (rock shrimp) | Present | Native | | Dore and Frimodt (1987) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paracoccus marginatus (papaya mealybug) | Present | Introduced | | IPPC (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pheidole megacephala (big-headed ant) | Present | Native | | Mikissa et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phenacoccus manihoti (cassava mealybug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Boussienguet (1986); Zeddies et al. (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phryneta leprosa | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rastrococcus invadens (fruit tree mealybug) | Present | | | Boussienguet and Herren (1991); CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Solenopsis geminata (tropical fire ant) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera eridania (southern armyworm) | Present | | | Goergen (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera exempta (black armyworm) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1972); Haggis (1984); Rose et al. (1996) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | IPPC (2019); FAO (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sternochetus mangiferae (mango seed weevil) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Stictococcus vayssierei (cassava brown root scale) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant) | Present | Introduced | | Wetterer (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trioza erytreae (African citrus psyllid) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Unaspis citri (citrus snow scale) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Wasmannia auropunctata (little fire ant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | ISSG (2014); Wetterer and Porter (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus perforans (island pinhole borer) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus volvulus | Present | Introduced | | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus compactus (shot-hole borer) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Asian ambrosia beetle) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus morigerus (brown twig beetle) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Zaprionus tuberculatus | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Alopochen aegyptiaca (Egyptian goose) | Present | Native | | BirdLife International (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Clarias gariepinus | Present | Introduced | Invasive | FAO (1997); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Columba livia (pigeons) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Heterotis niloticus (African bonytongue) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Welcomme (1988); Froese R and Pauly D (2012); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2022); FAO (1996) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Quelea quelea (weaver bird) | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | Craig (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rachycentron canadum (cobia) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Sus scrofa [ISC] (feral pig) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Long (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Threskiornis aethiopicus (sacred ibis) | Present | Native | | Hoyo et al. (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tyto alba (Barn owl) | Present | Native | | Bruce (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Varanus niloticus (Nile monitor) | Present | Native | | Bayless (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Corbicula fluminalis | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Daget (1998) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Mytilopsis sallei (Caribbean false mussel) | Present | Introduced | | Morelet (1885) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Aphelenchoides besseyi (rice leaf nematode) | Present | | | Barat et al. (1969); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Helicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode) | Present | | | Loubana et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Pratylenchus coffeae (banana root nematode) | Present | | | Loubana et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode) | Present | | | O'Bannon (1977); CABI and EPPO (1999); Loubana et al. (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Chlorophyta | Caulerpa taxifolia (killer algae) | Present | Native | | Guiry and Guiry (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Azolla pinnata (mosquito fern) | Present, Localized | Native | | Dyer et al. (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Ceratopteris thalictroides (watersprite) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Christella dentata (soft fern) | Present, Widespread | Native | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Lygodium microphyllum (old world climbing fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteridium aquilinum (bracken) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris tripartita (giant brake) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Acanthophora spicifera | Present | Native | | Lawson and John (1987); John et al. (2003); John et al. (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Hypnea musciformis | Present | Native | | John et al. (2003); John et al. (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon grandifolium (hairy Indian mallow) | Present | Introduced | | Sosef et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave sisalana (sisal hemp) | Present | Introduced | | ORSTOM (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aira caryophyllea (silver hairgrass) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aleurites moluccanus (candlenut tree) | Present | Introduced | | ORSTOM (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Allamanda cathartica (yellow allamanda) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alysicarpus vaginalis (alyce clover) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona cherimola (cherimoya) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona glabra (pond apple) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona squamosa (sugar apple) | Present | Introduced | | USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arundo donax (giant reed) | Present | Introduced | | Ahmed et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asystasia gangetica (chinese violet) | Present | Native | | ORSTOM (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Azadirachta indica (neem tree) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Balanites aegyptiaca (simple-thorned torchwood) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Basella alba (malabar spinach) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bidens pilosa (blackjack) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bixa orellana (annatto) | Present | Introduced | | Hassler (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica juncea (mustard) | Present | Introduced | | Warwick and Francis (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caladium bicolor (heart of Jesus) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calliandra houstoniana var. calothyrsus (calliandra) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia javanica (pink shower) | Present | Introduced | | ORSTOM (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus biflorus (Indian sandbur) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon) | Present | Introduced | | USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome rutidosperma (fringed spiderflower) | Present | Native | | Berhaut (1974); Kers and Jonsell (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clitoria ternatea (butterfly-pea) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cocos nucifera (coconut) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears) | Present | Introduced | | Sosef et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Colocasia esculenta (taro) | Present | Introduced | | Safo-Kantaka (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza sumatrensis (tall fleabane) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2004); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crassocephalum crepidioides (redflower ragleaf) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyanthillium cinereum (little ironweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyathula prostrata (pasture weed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge) | Present | | | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus papyrus (papyrus) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Delonix regia (flamboyant) | Present | Introduced | | USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Desmodium incanum (creeping beggerweed) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichrostachys cinerea (sickle bush) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria longiflora (false couch grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea alata (white yam) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2013); FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea cayenensis (Guinea yam) | Present | Native | | PROTA (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dracaena fragrans (corn plant) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Drymaria cordata (tropical chickweed) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dysphania ambrosioides (Mexican tea) | Present | Introduced | | ORSTOM (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa colona (junglerice) | Present | | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa pyramidalis | Present | | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm) | Present | | | FAO (2009); Duke (1983) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elephantopus mollis (elephant's foot) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eleusine indica (goose grass) | Present | Native | | Phillips (1972) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia coccinea (scarlet tasselflower) | Present | | | Jeffrey (1986) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia praetermissa (yellow thistle) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Entada gigas (sea-bean) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis atrovirens (thalia lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis ciliaris (gophertail lovegrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eugenia uniflora (Surinam cherry) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia trigona (African milk weed) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis) | Present | Native and Introduced | Invasive | Holou et al. (2013); Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Funtumia elastica (West African rubber tree) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gossypium barbadense (Gallini cotton) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heteropogon contortus (spear grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hevea brasiliensis (rubber) | Present | | | FAO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hibiscus tiliaceus (coast cottonwood) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis suaveolens (pignut) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera hirsuta (hairy indigo) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera spicata (creeping indigo) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera suffruticosa (Anil indigo) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera tinctoria (true indigo) | Present | Native | | Bisby et al. (1994); USDA-ARS (2013); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera trita (Asian indigo) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea alba (white moonflower ) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morning glory) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea indica (ocean blue morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea quamoclit (cypress vine) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jacaranda mimosifolia (jacaranda) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha curcas (jatropha) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Juncus effusus (common rush) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kyllinga nemoralis (white kyllinga) | Present | Native | | Kumar (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kyllinga polyphylla (navua sedge) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lantana camara (lantana) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Barreto et al. (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lawsonia inermis (Egyptian privet) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna perpusilla (duckweed) | Present | | | GBIF (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonotis nepetifolia (Christmas candlestick) | Present | | | ORSTOM (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena diversifolia | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Maesopsis eminii (umbrella tree) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mangifera indica (mango) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | PROTA (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Manilkara zapota (sapodilla) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Maranta arundinacea (arrowroot) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melicoccus bijugatus (Spanish lime) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis repens (natal redtop) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock flower) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moringa oleifera (horse radish tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mussaenda erythrophylla (red flag bush) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Neonotonia wightii (perennial soybean) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nymphaea lotus (white Egyptian lotus) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ocimum gratissimum (African basil) | Present | Native | | WCSP (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oeceoclades maculata (monk orchid) | Present | Native | | Garay and Taylor (1976) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia lancifolia (calycose mille graines) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oryza longistaminata (perennial wild rice) | Present | | | Fernandes et al. (1971) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pachira aquatica (pachira nut) | Present | Introduced | | Flore du Gabon (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum paniculatum (Russell River grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum scrobiculatum (ricegrass paspalum) | Present | | | Parmentier et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum) | Present | Native | | Michez et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum virgatum (sword grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora edulis (passionfruit) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora quadrangularis (giant granadilla) | Present | Introduced | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum macrourum (African feather grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum polystachion (mission grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis angulata (cutleaf groundcherry) | Present | Introduced | | Mairura (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry) | Present | Introduced | | Morton (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plantago lanceolata (ribwort plantain) | Present | Introduced | | Verdcourt (1971) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plectranthus amboinicus (Indian borage) | Present | | | Lukhoba et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium guajava (guava) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rauvolfia caffra (quinine tree ) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rhamphicarpa fistulosa | Present | | | Hansen (1975) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ricinus communis (castor bean) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass) | Present | | | Parmentier et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sacciolepis indica (glen woodgrass) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Samanea saman (rain tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sansevieria trifasciata (mother-in-law’s tongue) | Present | Native | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna alata (candle bush) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); JSTOR Global Plants (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna hirsuta (hairy senna) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania grandiflora (sesbania) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania sesban (sesban) | Present | | | Usman et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida acuta (sida) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida linifolia (flaxleaf fanpetals) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2016); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum torvum (turkey berry) | Present | | | Mavoungou et al. (2013); Gautier-Hion et al. (1980) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spermacoce verticillata (shrubby false buttonwood) | Present | Introduced | | Hutchinson et al. (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus pyramidalis (giant rat’s tail grass) | Present | | | eMonocot (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus tenuissimus (tropical dropseed) | Present | Native | | Quattrocchi (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta urticifolia (rattail) | Present | Introduced | | CJB (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tectona grandis (teak) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thespesia populnea (portia tree) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia zebrina (wandering jew) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triumfetta rhomboidea (diamond burbark) | Present | Native | | Pasqualet (1926) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa mutica (para grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Utricularia gibba | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vigna marina (beach bean) | Present | Native | | Genesys (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Xanthosoma sagittifolium (elephant ear) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Yucca aloifolia (Spanish bayonet) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Plasmodium relictum | Present | Native | | Beadell et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Toxoplasma gondii | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Virus | | | African cassava mosaic virus (African cassava mosaic) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022); Legg et al. (2004); |
Virus | | | Banana bunchy top virus (bunchy top of banana) | Present, Localized | | Invasive | Fouré and Manser (1982); CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Cassava mosaic disease (African cassava mosaic) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI and EPPO (1998) |
Virus | | | East African cassava mosaic virus | Present | Native | Invasive | Legg et al. (2004); |
Virus | | | Maize streak virus (streak disease of maize) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022) |