Ethiopia

Datasheet

Ethiopia

Index

Summary

Population, total
112,078,730 (2019)

GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
850 (2019)

GNI, Atlas method (current US$ in millions)
94,972.32 (2019)

GDP (current US$ in millions)
95,912.59 (2019)

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
33.52 (2019)

World Development Indicators. The World Bank (CC-BY 4.0) https://data.worldbank.org/ [last updated: 28 May 2021]

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List of Species

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The table lists the species recorded in the Compendium for this region(from the full species datasheets). It includes species that are invasive in this region, those for which there is no data on invasive status, and also species that are not invasive in the region but are reported as invasive elsewhere. This summary table is based on all the information available.When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the distribution record. For further information, please follow the link to the datasheet.

Domain	Kingdom	Phylum	Species	Distribution	Origin	Invasive	References
			Cucumis dipsaceus (hedgehog gourd)	Present, Widespread	Native		Lata and Mittal (2015)
Bacteria		Actinobacteria [phylum]	Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (sugarcane ratoon stunting disease)	Present			Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Bacteria		Actinobacteria [phylum]	Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Bacteria		Actinobacteria [phylum]	Mycobacterium bovis	Present			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Bacteria		Bacteroidetes	Paenibacillus larvae	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Bacillus anthracis	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Melissococcus plutonius	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Mycoplasma gallisepticum	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) type	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Mycoplasma synoviae	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Anaplasma marginale	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Brucella abortus	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Brucella melitensis	Absent			OIE (2018)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Brucella ovis	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Brucella suis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Burkholderia pseudomallei	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Candidatus Liberibacter africanus (African greening)	Present			CABI and EPPO (1998); Bové (2006); Ajene et al. (2020); EPPO (2022)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Asian greening)	Present			Saponari et al. (2010); CABI/EPPO (2017); Ajene et al. (2020); EPPO (2022)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	citrus huanglongbing (greening) disease (citrus greening)	Present			EPPO (2019); Aubert et al. (1988)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Coxiella burnetii	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Ehrlichia ruminantium	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Francisella tularensis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Mannheimia haemolytica	Present			Woubit et al. (2001); Sisay and Zerihun (2003)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Pasteurella multocida	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato)	Present, Widespread			EPPO (2022); Bekele et al. (2011)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 (bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops)	Present			CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2021)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 (moko disease)	Present			CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2021)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Salmonella abortusovis	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Salmonella gallinarum	Present			OIE (2018); OIE Handistatus (2005)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Salmonella pullorum	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Taylorella equigenitalis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (bean blight)	Present, Widespread			Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2007); EPPO (2022)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (banana xanthomonas wilt (BXW))	Present, Widespread	Native	Invasive	Yirgou and Bradbury (1974); Addis et al. (2004); Aritua et al. (2008); Aritua et al. (2009); CABI/EPPO (2013); Hodgetts et al. (2015); Tariku Hunduma et al. (2015); Alemayehu Chala et al. (2016); EPPO (2022)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Xanthomonas citri (citrus canker)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Xanthomonas fragariae (angular leaf spot)	Present			CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis (bacterial leaf streak of grasses)	Present			EPPO (2014)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens (bacterial leaf streak of barley)	Present			Korobko et al. (1985); Bragard and Maraite (1994); CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Chromista	Oomycota	Peronosclerospora sorghi (sorghum downy mildew)	Present	Native		Guiragossian (1986); UK, CAB International (1988); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Chromista	Oomycota	Phytophthora colocasiae (taro leaf blight)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Chromista	Oomycota	Phytophthora infestans (Phytophthora blight)	Present			Bekele Kassa and Sommartya (2006)
Eukaryota	Chromista	Oomycota	Plasmopara halstedii (downy mildew of sunflower)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Chromista	Oomycota	Plasmopara viticola (grapevine downy mildew)	Present			UK, CAB International (1988)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew of grasses and cereals)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2004)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Claviceps africana (ergot)	Present			EPPO (2022); Hulluka and Gebrekidan (1980); Hulluka (1982); Frederickson et al. (1994); CABI and EPPO (2006); Herb IMI (undated)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Colletotrichum acutatum (black spot of strawberry)	Present			EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2010)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Coniothyrium glycines (red leaf blotch)	Present			EPPO (2022); Stewart (1957); Stewart (1957); Hartman and Sinclair (1988); UK, CAB International (1991)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Didymella fabae (leaf and pod spot)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Hawtin and Stewart (1979); UK, CAB International (1993)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Elsinoë australis (citrus scab)	Absent, Invalid presence record(s)			EPPO (2022); CABI/EPPO (2012)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Panama disease of banana)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	CABI and EPPO (2015); Getachew Gudero Mengesha et al. (2018); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (Fusarium wilt)	Present			UK, CAB International (1982)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Gibberella xylarioides (coffee wilt)	Present, Widespread			Lejeune (1958); UK, CAB International (1970); Girma et al. (2001); Rutherford (2006); Sihen Getachew et al. (2012); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Guignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot)	Absent, Confirmed absent by survey			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Mycosphaerella pini (Dothistroma blight)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2010)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Pseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.)	Present, Localized	Introduced	Invasive	Derso (1999); UK, CAB International (1996); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Sphaeropsis sapinea (Sphaeropsis blight)	Present			Gezahgne et al. (2003)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Basidiomycota	Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soyabean rust)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2015); Tesfay et al. (2017); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Basidiomycota	Puccinia graminis (stem rust of cereals)	Present, Widespread			Abdel-Hak and Kamel (1972); Admassu et al. (2009); Woldeab et al. (2009); Hei et al. (2020); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Acarapis woodi (honeybee mite)	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aculops lycopersici (tomato russet mite)	Present			Inserra and Ciccarone (1973); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aethina tumida	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Amblyomma variegatum (tropical bont tick)	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aonidiella aurantii (red scale)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aonidiella orientalis (oriental yellow scale)	Present			UK, CAB International (1978)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aphis craccivora (groundnut aphid)	Present			UK, CAB International (1983); Berhanu Bekele et al. (2005)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid)	Present			UK, CAB International (1968)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid)	Present			UK, CAB International (1969); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Apis mellifera scutellata (africanized bee)	Present	Native		Amssalu et al. (2004)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale)	Present			UK, CAB International (1966)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bactrocera cucurbitae (melon fly)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bactrocera dorsalis (Oriental fruit fly)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Ekesi and Billah (2006); White (2006); CABI and EPPO (2008); Biasazin et al. (2014); Fekadu Massebo and Zenebe Tefera (2015); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bactrocera oleae (olive fruit fly)	Present			NHM (1975); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bagrada hilaris (painted bug)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2016); Hill (2008)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly)	Present			CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Blattella germanica (German cockroach)	Present	Native		Tachbele et al. (2006)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Boophilus microplus	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Brevipalpus phoenicis (false spider mite)	Present			Jeppson et al. (1975); CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Callosobruchus chinensis (Chinese bruchid)	Present, Widespread			Haines (1981)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea weevil)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly)	Present	Native		Esayas Mendesil (2005); CABI and EPPO (2015); Fekadu Gemechu et al. (2016); Alemu and Taye (2020); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Ceratitis rosa (Natal fruit fly)	Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)			EPPO (2022); Esayas Mendesil (2005)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Chilo partellus (spotted stem borer)	Present			UK, CAB International (1989); Assefa and Conlong (2009); Tsedeke Abate (2012); Leul Mengistu and Thangavel Selvaraj (2013); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Chrysomphalus aonidum (circular scale)	Present			UK, CAB International (1988); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale)	Present			UK, CAB International (1969)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screw-worm)	Present	Native	Invasive	Hall et al. (2001); OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Cinara cupressi sensu lato (Cypress aphid)	Present, Localized	Introduced		NHM (2004)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm)	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito)	Present, Widespread			Harbach (1988)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Cylas formicarius (sweet potato weevil)	Present			UK, CAB International (1970); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Dacus bivittatus (fruit fly)	Present			White (2006)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Dacus ciliatus (lesser pumpkin fly)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid)	Present			Ajene et al. (2020); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Diuraphis noxia (Russian wheat aphid)	Present			Haile and Megenasa (1987); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Dysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug)	Present			Daba et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly aphid)	Present			UK, CAB International (1975)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Ferrisia virgata (striped mealybug)	Present			UK, CAB International (1966)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Glycaspis brimblecombei (red gum lerp psyllid)	Present			CABI (Undated); Abraham Yirgu and Agena Anjulo (2019); Wondafrash et al. (2020); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm)	Present			UK, CAB International (1993); Wondafrash et al. (2012); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Hemiberlesia lataniae (latania scale)	Present			UK, CAB International (1976)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer)	Present			Crowe et al. (1977); Cristancho et al. (2007); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	UK, CAB International (1971); Getu (1996); Guteta Negasu et al. (2016); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Leptocybe invasa (blue gum chalcid)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Giliomee (2011); CABI and EPPO (2007); Birhane Asayehegne Asfaw (2018); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Liriomyza huidobrensis (serpentine leafminer)	Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Liriomyza sativae (vegetable leaf miner)	Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Liriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer)	Present			CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Lobesia botrana (European grapevine moth)	Present			CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid)	Present	Introduced		UK, CAB International (1984)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Monomorium destructor (Singapore ant)	Present	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Myzus persicae (green peach aphid)	Present			UK, CAB International (1979); Remaudiere and Autrique (1985); Millar (1994); Guteta Negasu et al. (2016)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Nezara viridula (green stink bug)	Present			UK, CAB International (1970)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Nomadacris septemfasciata (red locust)	Present, Few occurrences			UVAROV (1923)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Ophelimus maskelli (Eucalyptus gall wasp)	Present			Burks et al. (2015); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Oryzaephilus surinamensis (saw toothed grain beetle)	Present			Champ and Dyte (1976)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (cotton, seed bug)	Present			EPPO (2022); Samy (1969)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Paratrechina longicornis (crazy ant)	Present			Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm)	Present			Legner and Medved (1979); UK, CAB International (1990); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pheidole megacephala (big-headed ant)	Present	Native	Invasive	Wheeler (1922)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Phenacoccus solenopsis (cotton mealybug)	Present	Introduced		Hemba et al. (2012); Alemu and Taye (2020); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Phoracantha semipunctata (eucalyptus longhorned borer)	Absent, Invalid presence record(s)			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Phthorimaea absoluta (tomato leafminer)	Present			EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2013); Goftishu et al. (2014); Tebkew Damte and Getachew Tabor (2015)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Phthorimaea operculella (potato tuber moth)	Present			CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Phyllocnistis citrella (citrus leaf miner)	Present			UK, CAB International (1986); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pieris brassicae (large cabbage white)	Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pineus pini (pine woolly aphid)	Present	Introduced		NHM (1973)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug)	Present			CABI and EPPO (1999)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth)	Present			UK, CAB International (1967); Aysheshim et al. (1996); Ayalew and Ogol (2006)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Polyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mite)	Present			UK, CAB International (1986)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Scirtothrips aurantii (South African citrus thrips)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Sesamia cretica (greater sugarcane borer)	Present	Native		UK, CAB International (1968); Cayrol (1972); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Siphoninus phillyreae (ash whitefly)	Present			NHM (1975); CABI/EPPO (2013)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Sitophilus oryzae (lesser grain weevil)	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Sitophilus zeamais (greater grain weevil)	Present			Champ and Dyte (1976)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Sitotroga cerealella (grain moth)	Present			Champ and Dyte (1977)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Spodoptera exempta (black armyworm)	Present			UK, CAB International (1972); Haggis (1984); Pogue (2002); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Day et al. (2017); Gebreziher et al. (2021); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Spodoptera littoralis (cotton leafworm)	Present			UK, CAB International (1967); Schmutterer (1971); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Thaumatotibia leucotreta (false codling moth (FCM))	Present	Native		CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid)	Present			Abate (1988); CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Trialeurodes vaporariorum (whitefly, greenhouse)	Present			Byrne et al. (1990); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Trioza erytreae (African citrus psyllid)	Present			Saponari et al. (2010); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Tropilaelaps	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Varroa destructor (Varroa mite)	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Xyleborus volvulus	Present	Introduced		Wood and Bright (1992)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Alopochen aegyptiaca (Egyptian goose)	Present	Native		BirdLife International (2009)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Bos taurus (cattle)	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Camelus dromedarius (dromedary camel)	Present, Widespread	Native		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Canis lupus familiaris (dogs)	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Capra hircus (goats)	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Carassius auratus auratus (goldfish)	Present	Introduced		Froese and Pauly (2009)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Clarias gariepinus	Present	Native		Teugels (1986)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Columba livia (pigeons)	Present	Native		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp)	Present	Introduced		Froese and Pauly (2022); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Cyprinus carpio (common carp)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Costa Pierce et al. (1993); FishBase (2005)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Equus asinus (donkeys)	Present	Native		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Esox lucius (pike)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Tedla and Meskel (1981); Froese and Pauly (2004)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Froese and Pauly (2008)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Hemichromis letourneuxi (African jewelfish)	Present, Widespread	Native		Getahun (2007)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Heterotis niloticus (African bonytongue)	Present	Native		Froese R and Pauly D (2012); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2004); Froese and Pauly (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Lates niloticus (Nile perch)	Present	Native		Froese and Pauly (2009)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); Froese and Pauly (2004)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia)	Present	Introduced		Pullin et al. (1997)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia)	Present	Native		Pullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Ovis aries (sheep)	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Protopterus aethiopicus aethiopicus (marbled lungfish)	Present	Native		CUMV (2013)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Psittacula krameri (rose-ringed parakeet)	Present, Localized	Native		Juniper and Parr (2003); BirdLife International (2009)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Quelea quelea (weaver bird)	Present, Widespread	Native	Invasive	Ash et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Salmo trutta (sea trout)	Present	Introduced		Tedla and Meskel (1981); Froese and Pauly (2004)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Sarotherodon galilaeus (mango tilapia)	Present	Native		Johnson (1974)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Schilbe mystus (African butter catfish)	Present	Native		Getahun (2007)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Threskiornis aethiopicus (sacred ibis)	Present, Widespread	Native		Hoyo et al. (1992)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Tilapia zillii (redbelly tilapia)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Tedla and Meskel (1981); Froese and Pauly (2004)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Tyto alba (Barn owl)	Present, Widespread	Native		Ash and Atkins (2010)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Varanus niloticus (Nile monitor)	Present	Native		Bayless (2002); Spawls et al. (2002)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Achatina fulica (giant African land snail)	Present	Native		Raut and Barker (2002); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Corbicula fluminalis	Present, Localized	Native		Daget (1998)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Melanoides tuberculata (red-rimmed melania)	Present, Localized	Native		Martens (1869); Brown and Lemma (1970)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Theba pisana (white garden snail)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Anguina tritici (wheat seed gall nematode)	Present			Esser et al. (1991); CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Helicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode)	Present			Siddiqi (1973); CABI and EPPO (2003); Mekete et al. (2008); Mekete et al. (2008); Gebrehiwot Nega and Seifu Fetena (2015)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode)	Present			Awol Seid et al. (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne ethiopica (Root-knot nematode)	Present	Native		O'Bannon (1975); CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne hapla (root knot nematode)	Present			Meressa et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode)	Present			Sharma and McDonald (1990); CABI and EPPO (2002); Gebrehiwot Nega and Seifu Fetena (2015)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm)	Present			Awol Seid et al. (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Pratylenchus coffeae (banana root nematode)	Present			Gebrehiwot Nega and Seifu Fetena (2015)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Pratylenchus goodeyi (banana lesion nematode)	Present			Berg and Mekete (2010); Peregrine and Bridge (1992); CABI and EPPO (2000); Bogale et al. (2004)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode)	Present			O'Bannon (1975); CABI and EPPO (1999); Gebrehiwot Nega and Seifu Fetena (2015); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Trichinella	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Tylenchulus semipenetrans (citrus root nematode)	Present, Widespread			CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Platyhelminthes	Bothriocephalus acheilognathi	Present			Kuchta et al. (2012); Zekarias and Yimer (2007)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Platyhelminthes	Echinococcus	Present			OIE (2012)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Platyhelminthes	Echinococcus granulosus	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Platyhelminthes	Taenia solium	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Eukaryota	Planctomycetes [kingdom]		Chlamydophila abortus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Eukaryota	Planctomycetes [kingdom]		Chlamydophila psittaci	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Chlorophyta	Ulva reticulata (ribbon sea lettuce)	Present			Papenfuss (1968)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Adiantum hispidulum (rosy maidenhair fern)	Present	Native		Schelpe and Anthony (1986)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Ceratopteris thalictroides (watersprite)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Christella dentata (soft fern)	Present	Native		GBIF (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Pteridium aquilinum (bracken)	Present	Native		Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Pteris tripartita (giant brake)	Present	Introduced		Friis et al. (1987)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Rhodophyta	Gracilaria salicornia	Present	Native		Papenfuss (1968)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Rhodophyta	Hypnea musciformis	Present	Native		Papenfuss (1968)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Abutilon grandifolium (hairy Indian mallow)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Abutilon hirtum (Indian mallow)	Present	Native		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Abutilon indicum (country mallow)	Present			Cufodontis (1959)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Abutilon theophrasti (velvet leaf)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia angustissima (prairie acacia)	Present	Introduced		Orwa et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia cyclops (coastal wattle)	Present, Planted	Introduced		ILDIS (2002)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia dealbata (acacia bernier)	Present	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia decurrens (green wattle)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	CSIRO (2000); USDA-ARS (2016); CABI (Undated);
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia farnesiana (huisache)	Present, Planted	Introduced		ILDIS (2002)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia hockii	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2008); ILDIS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia mearnsii (black wattle)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); ILDIS (2007); Witt et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia melanoxylon (Australian blackwood)	Present	Introduced		Kaitho et al. (1996); ILDIS (2002)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia mellifera (blackthorn)	Present	Native	Invasive	Hasan Yusuf et al. (2011); ILDIS (2017); USDA-ARS (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia nilotica (gum arabic tree)	Present	Native		ILDIS (2002)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia polyacantha (hook thorn)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia reficiens (false umbrella thorn)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia saligna (coojong)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); Bekele-Tessema et al. (1993); ILDIS (2007); ISSG (2016); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Weeds of Australia (2016); Witt et al. (2018); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acanthospermum hispidum (bristly starbur)	Present, Localized	Introduced	Invasive	Stroud and Parker (1989)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Aeschynomene indica (Indian jointvetch)	Present			Thulin (1989)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Agave americana (century plant)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); Govaerts (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Agave sisalana (sisal hemp)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ageratum houstonianum (Blue billygoatweed)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Aira caryophyllea (silver hairgrass)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Albizia chinensis (Chinese albizia)	Present, Planted	Introduced		ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Albizia julibrissin (silk tree)	Present, Planted	Native		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris)	Present	Introduced		Orwa et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Alectra vogelii (yellow witchweed)	Present, Few occurrences	Native		Stroud and Parker (1989); Hussien et al. (2006)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Aloe vera (true aloe)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed)	Present	Introduced		PROTA (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Amaranthus blitum (livid amaranth)	Present			Stroud and Parker (1989); PROTA (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Amaranthus cruentus (red amaranth)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Grubben (2004)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Amaranthus dubius (spleen amaranth)	Present	Introduced		Grubben (2004)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Amaranthus hybridus (smooth pigweed)	Present, Widespread			Holm et al. (1991)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer amaranth)	Present	Introduced		Encyclopedia of Life (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth)	Present			Stroud and Parker (1989)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Amaranthus viridis (slender amaranth)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Anagallis arvensis (scarlet pimpernel)	Present, Widespread			Holm et al. (1991); Sahile et al. (1992)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Anredera cordifolia (Madeira vine)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Aponogeton abyssinicus	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy)	Present	Introduced		Stroud and Parker (1989); Karlsson et al. (2003); Alemayehu and Desalegn (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Argemone ochroleuca (pale Mexican pricklypoppy)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Karlsson et al. (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Aristolochia littoralis (elegant dutchman's pipe)	Present			Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Arthraxon hispidus (small carpetgrass)	Present	Native		GBIF (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Arundo donax (giant reed)	Present	Introduced		Clayton et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Asparagus asparagoides (bridal creeper)	Present			EPPO (2022); Kleinjan and Edwards (1999); USA, USDA-ARS (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Asparagus falcatus (sicklethorn)	Present	Native		PROTA (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Asparagus setaceus (asparagus fern)	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Asystasia gangetica (chinese violet)	Present	Native		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Atriplex semibaccata (Australian saltbush)	Present	Introduced		Kidane Georges and Teshome Regassa (1988)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Austrocylindropuntia subulata (Eve’s needle cactus)	Present	Introduced		Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Avena fatua (wild oat)	Present			Holm et al. (1977)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Avena sterilis (winter wild oat)	Present, Localized	Native		Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Azadirachta indica (neem tree)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); World Agroforestry Centre (2002); Witt et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Balanites aegyptiaca (simple-thorned torchwood)	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Barleria prionitis (porcupine flower)	Present	Native		PROTA (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Basella alba (malabar spinach)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	USDA-ARS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bassia hyssopifolia (fivehook bassia)	Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)			Flora of Pakistan (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bauhinia monandra (Napoleon's plume)	Present	Introduced		Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bauhinia purpurea (purple bauhinia)	Present	Introduced		PROTA (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bauhinia tomentosa (yellow bauhinia)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bauhinia variegata (mountain ebony)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bidens pilosa (blackjack)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2018); Sahile et al. (1992)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Biserrula pelecinus	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Boerhavia coccinea (scarlet spiderling)	Present	Introduced		Whitehouse (1996); USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling)	Present			Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bothriochloa bladhii (Caucasian bluestem)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bothriochloa pertusa (pitted beard grass)	Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)			Froman and Persson (1974)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Brachypodium distachyon (purple false brome)	Present	Native		GBIF (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Brassica juncea (mustard)	Present	Introduced		Warwick and Francis (1994)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Brassica nigra (black mustard)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Brassica rapa (field mustard)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Brugmansia suaveolens (white angel's trumpet)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi (lavender-scallops)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bryophyllum proliferum (blooming boxes)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Caesalpinia decapetala (Mysore thorn)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); ILDIS (2002); Witt et al. (2018); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Calliandra houstoniana var. calothyrsus (calliandra)	Present	Introduced		PROTA (2014); CABI (Undated);
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Callisia repens (creeping inch-plant)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Calotropis procera (apple of sodom)	Present	Native	Invasive	USDA-ARS (2003); Witt et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Canna indica (canna lilly)	Present	Introduced		Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Canna x generalis (canna lily)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse)	Present	Introduced		Terry and Michieka (1987)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Capsicum annuum (bell pepper)	Present			FAO (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine)	Present			USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Carduus pycnocephalus (Italian thistle)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cascabela thevetia (yellow oleander)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Witt and Luke (2017); GRIIS (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Casuarina cunninghamiana (Australian beefwood)	Present	Introduced		Abebe (1994); World Agroforestry Centre (2002)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina)	Present, Planted	Introduced		World Agroforestry Centre (2002)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Casuarina glauca (scaly oak (Australia))	Present, Planted	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar)	Present			Gezahgne et al. (2004)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cenchrus biflorus (Indian sandbur)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass)	Present	Native		Cook et al. (2005)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Centaurea melitensis (Maltese starthistle)	Present	Introduced		Jeffrey (1968)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort)	Present	Native		GBIF (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ceratophyllum demersum (coontail)	Present			Holm et al. (1979); UK, Kew Herbarium (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cereus jamacaru (Queen of the Night)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cestrum elegans (purple cestrum)	Present		Naturalized	Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cestrum nocturnum (night jessamine)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Chenopodium album (fat hen)	Present, Widespread			Holm et al. (1991)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Chenopodium murale (nettleleaf goosefoot)	Present			Sahile et al. (1992)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Chloris virgata (feather finger grass)	Present	Introduced		Clayton et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cirsium vulgare (spear thistle)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cissus quadrangularis (treebine)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Citrus aurantiifolia (lime)	Present			FAO (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Citrus aurantium (sour orange)	Present			FAO (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cleome viscosa (Asian spiderflower)	Present			PROTA (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clitoria ternatea (butterfly-pea)	Present	Native		ILDIS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Coccinia grandis (scarlet-fruited ivy gourd)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears)	Present	Introduced		Phillips et al. (1995)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Colocasia esculenta (taro)	Present			Kidanemariam et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Commelina benghalensis (wandering jew)	Present			CABI (Undated); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Commelina diffusa (spreading dayflower)	Present			Stroud and Parker (1989)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Conium maculatum (poison hemlock)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Convolvulus arvensis (bindweed)	Present			Kinfe and Unger (1985)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Conyza bonariensis (hairy fleabane)	Present	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cordia alliodora (Ecuador laurel)	Present			Gezahgne et al. (2004)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Coronilla scorpioides	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Corymbia citriodora (lemon-scented gum)	Present	Introduced		PROTA (2014); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Crassocephalum crepidioides (redflower ragleaf)	Present	Native		Stroud and Parker (1989); USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Crypsis vaginiflora (African pricklegrass)	Present	Native		eMonocot (2015); Flora Zambesiaca (2015); USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cryptostegia grandiflora (rubber vine)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); Mekonnen (1994); Witt et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cuscuta campestris (field dodder)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Parker and Riches (1993); Feleke and Addisu (2021)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyanthillium cinereum (little ironweed)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyathula prostrata (pasture weed)	Present	Native		PROTA (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass)	Present			Guteta Negasu et al. (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cymbopogon schoenanthus (camel grass)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)	Present, Widespread	Native		Holm et al. (1979); Shugute Addisu and Gebrekidan Feleke (2021)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cynodon nlemfuensis (African Bermuda-grass)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cynodon plectostachyus (African stargrass)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge)	Present	Native		Govaerts (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge)	Present			Holm et al. (1979); Govaerts (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus imbricatus (shingle flatsedge)	Present	Native		Govaerts (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus papyrus (papyrus)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015); Assefa et al. (2006)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge)	Present			Holm et al. (1979); Govaerts (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2016); Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dalbergia melanoxylon (African blackwood)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dalbergia sissoo	Present	Introduced		ICRAF (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Datura ferox (fierce thornapple)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Datura innoxia (downy thorn apple)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); GBIF (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Datura stramonium (jimsonweed)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); Holm et al. (1979); Witt et al. (2018); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Delonix regia (flamboyant)	Present, Planted	Introduced		ILDIS (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Desmodium uncinatum (Silver-leaf desmodium)	Present	Introduced		Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Desmostachya bipinnata (halfa grass)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dichanthium annulatum (Kleberg's bluestem)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dichrostachys cinerea (sickle bush)	Present	Native		World Agroforestry Centre (2005)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Digitaria abyssinica (East African couchgrass)	Present, Localized			Stroud and Parker (1989); Shugute Addisu and Gebrekidan Feleke (2021); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Digitaria bicornis (Asian crabgrass)	Present	Introduced		Virtual Herbaria Austria (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass)	Present			Stroud and Parker (1989); Clayton et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Digitaria longiflora (false couch grass)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Digitaria velutina (velvet fingergrass)	Present, Widespread		Invasive	Terry and Michieka (1987); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato)	Present	Native		Govaerts (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dioscorea cayenensis (Guinea yam)	Present	Native		PROTA (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dovyalis caffra (kei apple)	Present	Introduced		Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dracaena fragrans (corn plant)	Present	Native		Govaerts (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Drymaria cordata (tropical chickweed)	Present	Introduced		Stroud and Parker (1989); USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Duranta erecta (golden dewdrop)	Present	Introduced		Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Echinochloa colona (junglerice)	Present			Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Echinochloa crus-pavonis (gulf cockspur grass)	Present			Tropicos (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Echinochloa pyramidalis	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Echium plantagineum (Paterson's curse)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ehrharta erecta (panic veldtgrass)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth)	Present, Localized	Introduced	Invasive	Gopal (1987); Aweke (1994); Witt et al. (2018); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Elephantopus mollis (elephant's foot)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eleusine indica (goose grass)	Present, Widespread	Native		Holm et al. (1979); Getachew Gashaw et al. (2014); Shugute Addisu and Gebrekidan Feleke (2021)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eragrostis atrovirens (thalia lovegrass)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eragrostis ciliaris (gophertail lovegrass)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eragrostis papposa	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eriobotrya japonica (loquat)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Witt and Luke (2017); PROTA (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Erythrina poeppigiana (coral tree)	Present, Planted			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum)	Present	Introduced		PROTA (2015); Gezahgne et al. (2003); Orwa et al. (2009); Birhane Asayehegne Asfaw (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eucalyptus globulus (Tasmanian blue gum)	Present, Planted			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eucalyptus paniculata (grey ironbark)	Present, Planted	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany)	Present	Introduced		PROTA (2014); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eugenia uniflora (Surinam cherry)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge)	Present			Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Euphorbia tirucalli (Indian-tree spurge)	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Euryops chrysanthemoides (African bush daisy)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue)	Present	Introduced		eMonocot (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Flacourtia indica (governor's plum)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Flemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia)	Present, Planted			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Foeniculum vulgare (fennel)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); Guteta Negasu et al. (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier)	Present, Widespread			Tessema et al. (1999); USDA-ARS (2014); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Galinsoga quadriradiata (shaggy soldier)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Galium aparine (cleavers)	Present			Holm et al. (1991)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia)	Present, Planted	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Gmelina arborea (candahar)	Present	Introduced		Orwa et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Gomphocarpus physocarpus (balloon cotton bush)	Present	Introduced		PROTA (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Gomphrena globosa (globe amaranth)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Grevillea robusta (silky oak)	Present, Planted	Introduced		World Agroforestry Centre (2002)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Gypsophila paniculata (baby’s breath)	Present			Meressa et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Heteropogon contortus (spear grass)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hibiscus trionum (Venice mallow)	Present			Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hydrocotyle ranunculoides (floating pennywort)	Present			USDA-ARS (2004); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hypochaeris radicata (cat's ear)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hyptis suaveolens (pignut)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); GBIF (2016); Witt et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Indigofera hirsuta (hairy indigo)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Indigofera spicata (creeping indigo)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Indigofera suffruticosa (Anil indigo)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Indigofera tinctoria (true indigo)	Present	Native		Bisby et al. (1994); USDA-ARS (2013); ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Indigofera trita (Asian indigo)	Present	Native		ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea alba (white moonflower )	Present	Introduced		Staples (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea aquatica (swamp morning-glory)	Present			Beals (1969)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morning glory)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018); POWO (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea carnea	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea hildebrandtii	Present		Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea indica (ocean blue morning-glory)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); GRIIS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea nil (white edge morning-glory)	Present	Introduced		Witt and Luke (2017); Staples (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea ochracea (fence morning-glory)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea purpurea (tall morning glory)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Jacaranda mimosifolia (jacaranda)	Present, Planted	Introduced		GBIF (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Jasminum dichotomum (Gold Coast jasmine)	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Jasminum fluminense (Brazilian jasmine)	Present	Native		Govaerts (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Jatropha curcas (jatropha)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); PROTA (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Juncus effusus (common rush)	Present	Native		Kirschner (2002); Weimarck (1946)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Kalanchoe delagoensis (chandelier plant)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd)	Present	Introduced		PROTA (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lantana camara (lantana)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); Shackleton et al. (2017); Witt et al. (2018); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lathyrus pratensis	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lathyrus sphaericus	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Launaea intybacea (bitter lettuce)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lawsonia inermis (Egyptian privet)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lemna perpusilla (duckweed)	Present			USDA-ARS (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lens ervoides	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leonotis nepetifolia (Christmas candlestick)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lepidium virginicum (Virginian peppercress)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leptochloa fusca (sprangletop)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leucaena diversifolia	Present	Introduced		World Agroforestry Centre (2002)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); ILDIS (2007); Abraham Yirgu et al. (2015); Witt et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass)	Present	Introduced		Froman and Persson (1974)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lolium temulentum (darnel)	Present, Widespread	Introduced		Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle)	Present	Introduced		Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Luffa aegyptiaca (loofah)	Present			Zipcode Zoo (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife)	Present	Native		Mal et al. (1992)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro)	Present	Introduced		PROTA (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mangifera indica (mango)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Orwa et al. (2009); Tsegaye Babege et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Medicago laciniata	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Medicago lupulina (black medick)	Present			ILDIS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Medicago orbicularis	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Medicago polymorpha (bur clover)	Present			Mengistu (1987)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Melia azedarach (Chinaberry)	Present, Planted	Introduced		World Agroforestry Centre (2002)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Melilotus albus (honey clover)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Melinis minutiflora (molasses grass)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Melinis repens (natal redtop)	Present	Native		GBIF (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Merremia aegyptia (hairy woodrose)	Present	Native		Demissew (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Merremia tuberosa (woodrose)	Present	Introduced		ISSG (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mikania micrantha (bitter vine)	Absent, Invalid presence record(s)			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mimosa diplotricha (giant sensitive plant)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); ILDIS (2001); Witt et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); Thulin (1989); Witt et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock flower)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Momordica balsamina (common balsam apple)	Present	Native		POWO (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Moorochloa eruciformis (sweet signal grass)	Present	Native		Kumar (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Moringa oleifera (horse radish tree)	Present, Planted	Introduced		PROTA (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean)	Present	Native		ILDIS (2014); USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Myriophyllum spicatum (spiked watermilfoil)	Present, Widespread			Witt et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Nasturtium microphyllum (one-row watercress)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Nasturtium officinale (watercress)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2006)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Nelsonia canescens (blue pussyleaf)	Present	Native		Vollesen (1994)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Neonotonia wightii (perennial soybean)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Nerium oleander (oleander)	Present	Native		PROTA (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Nicandra physalodes (apple of Peru)	Present			Stroud and Parker (1989)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ocimum gratissimum (African basil)	Present	Native		WCSP (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines)	Present	Native		Govaerts (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Oldenlandia lancifolia (calycose mille graines)	Present	Native		Govaerts (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (wild olive)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. undulatifolius (wavyleaf basketgrass)	Present			USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear)	Present, Widespread, Planted	Introduced	Invasive	Haile et al. (2002); Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Opuntia stricta (erect prickly pear)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	GRIIS (2018); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2010); Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Orobanche cernua (nodding broomrape)	Present	Native	Invasive	Stroud and Parker (1989)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Orobanche crenata (crenate broomrape)	Present, Localized			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Orobanche minor (common broomrape)	Present, Widespread	Native		Stroud and Parker (1989)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Orobanche ramosa (branched broomrape)	Present	Native		Beck-Mennagetta (1930); Stroud and Parker (1989)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Oryza barthii	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Oxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel)	Present			Yirefu Firehun and Tana Tamado (2006); Holm et al. (1991)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Oxalis latifolia (sorrel)	Present			Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Panicum repens (torpedo grass)	Present	Native		Fröman and Persson (1974)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Parkinsonia aculeata (Mexican palo-verde)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Parthenium hysterophorus (parthenium weed)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Medhin (1992); Fasil (1994); Frew et al. (1996); Evans (1997); Kassahun and Mersie (2007); Zuberi et al. (2014); Witt et al. (2018); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalidium geminatum (Egyptian paspalidium)	Present	Native		Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass)	Present	Introduced		Froman and Persson (1974); Clayton et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum scrobiculatum (ricegrass paspalum)	Present			Chance (2006)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum)	Present	Native		Fröman and Persson (1974)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Passiflora caerulea (blue passionflower)	Present	Introduced		Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Passiflora edulis (passionfruit)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Passiflora tarminiana (banana passionfruit)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu grass)	Present, Localized	Native	Invasive	Clayton and Renvoize (1982)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pennisetum macrourum (African feather grass)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pennisetum pedicellatum (deenanath grass)	Present, Localized	Native	Invasive	Heper (1972); Holm et al. (1977); Poilecot (1995); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pennisetum polystachion (mission grass)	Present, Widespread	Native	Invasive	CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2013); Assefa et al. (2006)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pennisetum setaceum (fountain grass)	Present	Native		GBIF (2012); USDA-ARS (2012); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pentas lanceolata (Egyptian starcluster)	Present	Native		Govaerts (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass)	Present	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Phalaris paradoxa (awned canary-grass)	Present, Widespread			Holm et al. (1991); Gorfu et al. (1992); Shugute Addisu and Gebrekidan Feleke (2021)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Phragmites australis (common reed)	Present	Native		Clayton (1970)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Physalis angulata (cutleaf groundcherry)	Present	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pimenta dioica (allspice)	Present			FAO (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pinus oocarpa (ocote pine)	Present, Planted			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pinus patula (Mexican weeping pine)	Present	Introduced		Witt and Luke (2017); Gezahgne et al. (2004)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); Holm et al. (1979); Witt et al. (2018); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pithecellobium dulce (Manila tamarind)	Present, Planted	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Plantago arenaria	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Plantago lanceolata (ribwort plantain)	Present			Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Plantago major (broad-leaved plantain)	Present	Introduced		Verdcourt (1971)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Poa annua (annual meadowgrass)	Present	Introduced		Clayton et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Polycarpon tetraphyllum (fourleaf allseed)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Polygonum aviculare (prostrate knotweed)	Present, Widespread			Holm et al. (1979); Feleke and Addisu (2021)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Polygonum nepalense (Nepal persicaria)	Present, Widespread			Holm et al. (1979); Stroud and Parker (1989); Denchev and Denchev (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Portulaca oleracea (purslane)	Present			Blundell (1992); Feleke and Addisu (2021)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Portulaca pilosa (kiss-me-quick)	Absent, Invalid presence record(s)			Cufodontis (1953)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Portulaca quadrifida (chickenweed)	Present	Native		GBIF (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Potamogeton crispus (curlyleaf pondweed)	Present	Native		GBIF (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Prosopis juliflora (mesquite)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); Shiferaw et al. (2004); Sertse and Pasiecznik (2005); Witt et al. (2018); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Psidium guajava (guava)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); World Agroforestry Centre (2002); FAO (2013); Witt et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish)	Present			Holm et al. (1991)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rhamphicarpa fistulosa	Present			Hansen (1975); Mielcarek (1996); EAH (2013); USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ricinus communis (castor bean)	Present	Native and Introduced		ISSG (2013); Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rivina humilis (bloodberry)	Present	Introduced		Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary)	Present			Guteta Negasu et al. (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rostraria cristata	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass)	Present, Localized	Native		Holm et al. (1977); Tesfaye Awas et al. (2001); Yirefu Firehun and Tana Tamado (2006); USA, USDA-ARS (2008); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sacciolepis indica (glen woodgrass)	Present	Introduced		Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Salvia leucantha (Mexican bush sage)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sambucus nigra (elder)	Present	Introduced		Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Schinus molle (false pepper tree)	Present, Planted			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Schismus arabicus (Arabian schismus)	Present			Missouri Botanical Garden (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Scorpiurus muricatus	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna bicapsularis (Christmas bush)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna didymobotrya (African senna)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna hirsuta (hairy senna)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna italica (Senegal senna)	Present	Native		ILDIS (2005)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); Thulin (1989)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna occidentalis (coffee senna)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); Walkey et al. (1994); Bufebo et al. (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna septemtrionalis (smooth senna)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna siamea (yellow cassia)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna spectabilis (whitebark senna)	Present	Introduced		Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sesbania grandiflora (sesbania)	Present, Planted	Introduced		ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sesbania sericea (silky sesban)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sesbania sesban (sesban)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2014); ILDIS (2014); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Setaria palmifolia (palm grass)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Setaria verticillata (bristly foxtail)	Present			Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Setaria viridis (green foxtail)	Present			Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Silene gallica (common catchfly)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Silybum marianum (variegated thistle)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum campylacanthum (bitter apple)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum nigrum (black nightshade)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum seaforthianum (Brazilian nightshade)	Present	Introduced		Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum torvum (turkey berry)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum tuberosum (potato)	Present			Bekele et al. (2011); Lemessa and Zeller (2006)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sonchus asper (spiny sow-thistle)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass)	Present			Mahuku et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Spartium junceum (Spanish broom)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Spergula arvensis (corn spurry)	Present			Holm et al. (1991)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sporobolus africanus (rat’s tail grass)	Present	Native		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sporobolus pyramidalis (giant rat’s tail grass)	Present			eMonocot (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sporobolus tenuissimus (tropical dropseed)	Present	Introduced		Naturalis (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Stellaria media (common chickweed)	Present, Widespread			Holm et al. (1977); Holm et al. (1991)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Striga asiatica (witch weed)	Present, Widespread	Native	Invasive	Sherif et al. (1987); Mohamed et al. (2001); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Striga aspera (witchweed)	Present			Parker and Riches (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Striga gesnerioides (cowpea witchweed)	Present, Widespread			Parker and Riches (1993); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Striga hermonthica (witchweed)	Present, Widespread			Holm et al. (1979); Shugute Addisu and Gebrekidan Feleke (2021); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tagetes erecta (Mexican marigold)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	USDA-ARS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tagetes minuta (stinking Roger)	Present	Introduced		Terry and Michieka (1987); Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tamarindus indica (tamarind)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tamarix aphylla (athel)	Present, Widespread, Planted	Native		Baum (1978)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tecoma capensis (Cape honeysuckle)	Present	Introduced		Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tecoma stans (yellow bells)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tephrosia vogelii (Vogel's tephrosia)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Witt and Luke (2017); Witt et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Thlaspi alliaceum	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Thunbergia alata (black eyed Susan)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Hedberg and Edwards (2014); USDA-ARS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tithonia rotundifolia (red sunflower)	Present	Introduced		Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Trachypogon spicatus (spiked crinkleawn)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tradescantia pallida (purple queen)	Present	Introduced		Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tradescantia spathacea (boat lily)	Present	Introduced		Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tradescantia zebrina (wandering jew)	Present	Introduced		Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tragus racemosus (stalker bur grass)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine)	Present			Stroud and Parker (1989)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tridax procumbens (coat buttons)	Present			Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Triumfetta rhomboidea (diamond burbark)	Present	Native		Edwards et al. (1995)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Typha domingensis (southern cattail)	Present, Widespread	Native		Lye (1997)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail)	Present	Native		USA, USDA-ARS (2010); Assefa et al. (2006)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Urena lobata (caesar weed)	Present		Naturalized	USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Urochloa panicoides (liverseed grass)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Urtica urens (annual nettle)	Present			Prain (1917)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Utricularia gibba	Present	Native		GBIF (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Verbena bonariensis (clusterflower vervain)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Verbesina encelioides (golden crownbeard)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); Feenstra and Clements (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Veronica anagallis-aquatica (blue water speedwell)	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Veronica beccabunga (European speedwell)	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Vicia villosa (hairy vetch)	Present	Introduced		Naturalis Biodiversity Center (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Vinca major (Big periwinkle)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Vulpia bromoides (squirreltail fescue)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Xanthium spinosum (bathurst burr)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Xanthium strumarium (common cocklebur)	Present		Invasive	Witt and Luke (2017); Holm et al. (1991); Mohammed and Tamrat Bekele (2010); Nigussie Seboka Tadesse et al. (2017); Witt et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Zingiber officinale (ginger)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Endrias Geta and Asfaw Kifle (2011); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Zinnia peruviana (Peruvian zinnia)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ziziphus mauritiana (jujube)	Present, Planted	Introduced		CABI (2005)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ziziphus spina-christi (Christ's thorn jujube)	Present	Native		Orwa et al. (2009); USDA-ARS (2017)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Mikrocystos mackini	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Plasmodium relictum	Present	Native		Ashford et al. (1976)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Tritrichomonas foetus	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Trypanosoma congolense	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Trypanosoma equiperdum	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Trypanosoma evansi	Absent			OIE (2018); Hoare (1972); OIE (2018)
Virus			African cassava mosaic virus (African cassava mosaic)	Present, Widespread			EPPO (2022)
Virus			African horse sickness virus	Present			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Virus			African swine fever virus	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018); CABI (Undated)
Virus			Arterivirus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virus			avian infectious bronchitis virus	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			Avipoxvirus	Present			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virus			Barley yellow dwarf viruses (barley yellow dwarf)	Present			Yusuf et al. (1992)
Virus			bluetongue virus	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			bovine herpesvirus 1	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			bovine leukemia virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2018)
Virus			bovine viral diarrhea virus	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			camelpox virus	Present			OIE (2018); Tefera and Gebreah (2001); OIE (2018)
Virus			caprine arthritis encephalitis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			Cassava mosaic disease (African cassava mosaic)	Present, Widespread			CABI and EPPO (1998)
Virus			classical swine fever virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			duck hepatitis A virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virus			eastern equine encephalitis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			equid herpesvirus 1	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			equine arteritis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			equine infectious anaemia virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			equine influenzavirus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			Faba bean necrotic yellows virus	Present			Katul et al. (1993); Abraham et al. (2000); Berhanu Bekele et al. (2005); Abraham et al. (2012)
Virus			foot-and-mouth disease virus	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			Gallid herpesvirus 2	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virus			infectious bursal disease virus	Present			OIE (2018); OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virus			infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virus			influenza A virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018);
Virus			Iris yellow spot virus (iris yellow spot)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Virus			Japanese encephalitis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			lumpy skin disease virus	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			Maize chlorotic mottle virus	Present			Mahuku et al. (2015);
Virus			Maize dwarf mosaic virus (dwarf mosaic of maize)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2003); CABI (Undated);
Virus			Maize lethal necrosis disease	Present			Mahuku et al. (2015)
Virus			Maize streak virus (streak disease of maize)	Present			Pinner et al. (1988); CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022)
Virus			myxoma virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			Nairobi sheep disease virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			Newcastle disease virus	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			Nipah virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMV)	Present			Sidaros et al. (2009)
Virus			peste des petits ruminants virus	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			rabies virus	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			Rice yellow mottle virus	Present			Rakotomalala et al. (2014); EPPO (2022)
Virus			Rift Valley fever virus	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			rinderpest virus	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			spring viraemia of carp virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virus			Sugarcane mosaic virus (sugarcane mosaic)	Present			ISSCT (1989); Mahuku et al. (2015); EPPO (2022)
Virus			Suid herpesvirus 1	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (internal cork disease of sweet potato)	Present			Adane (2010)
Virus			swine vesicular disease virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virus			Taura syndrome virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virus			Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (Tomato brown rugose fruit virus)	Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)			EPPO (2022)
Virus			transmissible gastroenteritis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			vesicular stomatitis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virus			viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virus			visna/maedi virus	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			West Nile virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Virus			western equine encephalitis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)

List of Species CSV Output

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Generate a spreadsheet of the List of Species which also includes records from basic datasheets.

Basic datasheets include data mined from various sources (including the CAB Abstracts database and selected invasive species databases). Further confirmation of distribution status should be sought before use.

Download CSV file

List of Animal Diseases

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The table lists the animal diseases recorded in the Compendium for this region (from the full disease datasheets). For further information, please follow the link to the datasheet.

Disease	Distribution	Origin	Invasive	References
acarapisosis of honey bees	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Aeromonas infection in fish	Present			OIE (2009)
African horse sickness	Present			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
African swine fever	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018); CABI (Undated)
American foul brood	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
anaplasmosis	Present			Mekonnen et al. (1992); Yilma et al. (1995); Solomon et al. (1998); OIE (2012)
anthrax	Present			OIE (2018); Food & Agriculture Organization (1972); OIE (1997); OIE (2018)
atrophic rhinitis of swine	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
atypical non-progressive proliferative pneumonia	Present			Perreau (1973)
Aujeszky's disease	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
avian chlamydiosis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
avian encephalomyelitis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
avian infectious bronchitis	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
avian influenza	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2009); OIE (2018);
avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum)	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma synoviae)	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
avian tuberculosis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
avipox	Present			OIE Handistatus (2005)
babesiosis	Present			OIE (2009); Mekonnen et al. (1992); Yilma et al. (1995); Solomon et al. (1998)
Bibersteinia trehalosi infections	Present			Sisay and Zerihun (2003)
blackleg	Present			OIE Handistatus (2005)
bluetongue	Absent			OIE (2018); Lefèvre and Calvez (1986); OIE (2018)
Bonamia roughleyi (Australian winter disease) of oysters	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Borrelia anserina infections	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Bothriocephalus acheilognathi infection	Present			Kuchta et al. (2012); Zekarias and Yimer (2007)
bovine anaplasmosis	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2009); OIE (2018)
bovine babesiosis	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
bovine coronavirus infection	Present			Abraham et al. (1992)
bovine ephemeral fever	Present			CABI (Undated)
bovine genital campylobacteriosis	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
bovine herpesvirus 1 infections	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection	Present			Woldemeskel et al. (2000)
bovine spongiform encephalopathy	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
bovine tuberculosis	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2009); OIE (2018)
bovine venereal trichomonosis	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
bovine viral diarrhoea	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
brucellosis (Brucella abortus)	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
brucellosis (Brucella melitensis)	Absent			OIE (2018); Bekele and Kasali (1990); OIE (2012)
brucellosis (Brucella ovis)	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
brucellosis (Brucella suis)	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Burkholderia pseudomallei infections	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
camel pox	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
caprine arthritis encephalitis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Chrysomya bezziana infestation	Present	Native	Invasive	Hall et al. (2001); OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
classical swine fever	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Clostridium perfringens enteritis and enterotoxaemia	Present			OIE Handistatus (2005)
coccidiosis	Present			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Cochliomyia hominivorax infestation	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
contagious agalactia	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
contagious bovine pleuropneumonia	Present			OIE (2018); Masiga et al. (1998); Kané (2000); OIE (2018)
contagious caprine pleuropneumonia	Present			OIE (2018); Thiaucourt et al. (1992); OIE (2018)
contagious ecthyma	Present			OIE Handistatus (2005)
contagious equine metritis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
cryptosporidiosis in livestock and poultry	Present			Mohammed Awole et al. (2002); Mengistu Legesse and Berhanu Erko (2004)
Denman island disease	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
dourine	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2009); OIE (2018)
duck viral enteritis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Echinococcus	Present			OIE (2012)
Echinococcus granulosus	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
enzootic abortion of ewes	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
enzootic bovine leukosis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); Heinonen and Assefa (1995); OIE (2018)
epizootic haemorrhagic disease	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
epizootic lymphangitis	Present			OIE Handistatus (2005)
equine coital exanthema	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern)	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
equine encephalomyelitis (Western)	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
equine infectious anaemia	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
equine influenza	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
equine piroplasmosis	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
equine rhinopneumonitis	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
equine viral arteritis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Escherichia coli infections	Present			Abraham et al. (1992)
European foul brood	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
foot-and-mouth disease in pigs	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
foot-and-mouth disease in ruminants	Present			OIE (2018); Kitching (1998); OIE (2018)
fowl cholera	Present			OIE (2009)
fowl typhoid	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2009)
Fusobacterium necrophorum infections	Present			OIE Handistatus (2005)
glanders	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
haemorrhagic septicaemia	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
haplosporidiosis of pacific oysters	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
heartwater	Absent			OIE (2018)
horse pox	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
infectious bursal disease	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2012)
infectious coryza	Present			OIE Handistatus (2005)
infectious laryngotracheitis	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Japanese encephalitis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced mastitis	Present			Mekibib et al. (2010)
leishmaniosis	Present			Seife Bashaye et al. (2009); OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
lumpy skin disease	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Mannheimia haemolytica infections	Present			Sisay and Zerihun (2003); Woubit et al. (2001)
myxomatosis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Nairobi sheep disease	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); Pegrum (1976); OIE (2018)
Newcastle disease	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Nipah virus infection	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Oncorhynchus masou virus disease	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
paratuberculosis	Present			Okuni et al. (2020); OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
peste des petits ruminants	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Plasmodium relictum infection	Present	Native		Ashford et al. (1976)
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
pullorum disease	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2009); OIE (2018)
pulmonary adenomatosis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Q fever	Absent			OIE (2018); Graham et al. (2000); OIE (2018)
rabbit haemorrhagic disease	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
rabies	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Rift Valley fever	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
rinderpest	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
rotavirus infections in livestock and poultry	Present, Widespread			Abraham et al. (1992)
scrapie	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
sheep and goat pox	Present			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
small hive beetle infestation	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Staphylococcus aureus infections	Present, Widespread			Takele and Zerihun (2000)
strangles	Present			OIE Handistatus (2005)
surra	Present			Hoare (1972); OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
swine erysipelas	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
swine vesicular disease	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Theileria orientalis/Theileria buffeli infections	Present			Becerra et al. (1983)
theileriosis	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
transmissible gastroenteritis and porcine respiratory coronovirus infection	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Trichinella	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Tropilaelaps infestation of honey bees	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
trypanosomosis	Absent			OIE (2018); OIE (2012); OIE (2018)
tuberculosis	Present			OIE (2012)
tularaemia	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
varroosis of honey bees	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
Venezuelan equine encephalitis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
visna/maedi	Absent			OIE (2018); Pépin et al. (1998); Ayelet et al. (2001); OIE (2018)
West Nile fever	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2018); Hayes (1989); OIE (2018)

List of Animal Diseases CSV Output

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Generate a spreadsheet of the List of Animal Diseases which also includes records from basic datasheets.

Basic datasheets include data mined from various sources (including the CAB Abstracts database). Further confirmation of distribution status should be sought before use.

Download CSV file

Agricultural Production

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Crop		2019	2018	2017	2016	2015
Anise, badian, fennel, coriander	Area harvested	7,170 Im	7,892 Im	6,933 Im	6,000 F	5,900 F
	Production quantity	6,123 Im	6,590 Im	5,628 Im	4,800 F	4,700 F
	Yield	8,540 Fc	8,350 Fc	8,118 Fc	8,000 Fc	7,966 Fc
Avocados	Area harvested	20,908	19,759	18,021	17,835	13,665
	Production quantity	104,492	84,794	81,432	64,982	59,331
	Yield	49,977 Fc	42,914 Fc	45,187 Fc	36,435 Fc	43,418 Fc
Bananas	Area harvested	67,387	66,081	59,298	63,213	53,689
	Production quantity	539,443	501,529	493,602	538,302	485,165
	Yield	80,051 Fc	75,896 Fc	83,241 Fc	85,157 Fc	90,366 Fc
Barley	Area harvested	950,742	800,195	1,014,198	1,171,213	1,133,655
	Production quantity	2,378,010	1,748,920	1,960,276	2,221,068	2,054,375
	Yield	25,012 Fc	21,856 Fc	19,328 Fc	18,964 Fc	18,122 Fc
Bastfibres, other	Area harvested	2,414 Im	2,309 Im	2,215 Im	2,130 Im	2,031 Im
	Production quantity	529 Im	536 Im	543 Im	550 Im	558 Im
	Yield	2,191 Fc	2,321 Fc	2,451 Fc	2,582 Fc	2,747 Fc
Beans, dry	Area harvested	281,083	332,518	688,470	709,341	740,053
	Production quantity	485,547	563,922	825,423	869,847	899,944
	Yield	17,274 Fc	16,959 Fc	11,989 Fc	12,263 Fc	12,161 Fc
Beans, green	Area harvested	1,942 Im	1,886 Im	1,830 Im	1,774 Im	1,762 Im
	Production quantity	8,017 Im	7,781 Im	7,545 Im	7,309 Im	7,257 Im
	Yield	41,282 Fc	41,257 Fc	41,230 Fc	41,201 Fc	41,186 Fc
Broad beans, horse beans, dry	Area harvested	466,698	492,272	437,106	427,697	448,293
	Production quantity	1,006,752	1,041,954	921,762	878,010	853,577
	Yield	21,572 Fc	21,166 Fc	21,088 Fc	20,529 Fc	19,041 Fc
Cabbages and other brassicas	Area harvested	42,499	48,458	34,128	42,279	41,140
	Production quantity	435,863	463,049	344,992	391,578	414,484
	Yield	102,558 Fc	95,557 Fc	101,088 Fc	92,618 Fc	100,750 Fc
Carrots and turnips	Area harvested	4,074	2,556	4,903	2,578	3,823
	Production quantity	18,225	10,148	17,333	9,034	18,465
	Yield	44,735 Fc	39,703 Fc	35,352 Fc	35,043 Fc	48,300 Fc
Castor oil seed	Area harvested	6,587 Im	6,599 Im	5,819 Im	6,344 Im	7,285 Im
	Production quantity	11,157 Im	10,919 Im	9,399 Im	10,000 *	11,000 *
	Yield	16,938 Fc	16,546 Fc	16,152 Fc	15,763 Fc	15,100 Fc
Cereals nes	Area harvested	3,101,177	3,076,595	3,023,284	3,017,914	2,866,053
	Production quantity	5,735,710	5,403,479	5,283,401	5,020,440	4,928,850
	Yield	18,495 Fc	17,563 Fc	17,476 Fc	16,635 Fc	17,197 Fc
Cereals, Total	Area harvested	10,478,217 A	10,390,466 A	11,327,016 A	11,303,228 A	11,018,260 A
	Production quantity	29,672,647 A	28,364,295 A	28,763,752 A	26,587,342 A	25,837,228 A
	Yield	28,318 Fc	27,298 Fc	25,394 Fc	23,522 Fc	23,449 Fc
Chick peas	Area harvested	208,838	239,786	242,704	225,608	258,486
	Production quantity	435,193	459,173	499,426	444,146	520,965
	Yield	20,839 Fc	19,149 Fc	20,578 Fc	19,687 Fc	20,154 Fc
Chillies and peppers, dry	Area harvested	174,464	172,142	152,753	180,701	142,795
	Production quantity	313,115	307,457	264,723	329,804	289,677
	Yield	17,947 Fc	17,861 Fc	17,330 Fc	18,251 Fc	20,286 Fc
Chillies and peppers, green	Area harvested	11,409	10,473	10,207	9,832	7,450
	Production quantity	67,203	62,248	63,240	61,794	50,545
	Yield	58,903 Fc	59,437 Fc	61,957 Fc	62,850 Fc	67,846 Fc
Citrus Fruit, Total	Area harvested	9,468 A	11,382 A	9,067 A	7,768 A	8,216 A
	Production quantity	48,867 A	62,058 A	50,004 A	40,154 A	50,496 A
	Yield	51,613 Fc	54,523 Fc	55,149 Fc	51,692 Fc	61,461 Fc
Coffee, green	Area harvested	758,523	764,863	725,961	700,475	653,910
	Production quantity	482,561	494,574	449,230	469,091	457,014
	Yield	6,362 Fc	6,466 Fc	6,188 Fc	6,697 Fc	6,989 Fc
Cow peas, dry	Area harvested	220,037 Im	217,765	243,205	233,275	246,339
	Production quantity	374,332 Im	366,953	380,002	364,918	343,757
	Yield	17,012 Fc	16,851 Fc	15,625 Fc	15,643 Fc	13,955 Fc
Cucumbers and gherkins	Area harvested	81 Im	80 Im	78 Im	76 Im	77 Im
	Production quantity	1,923 Im	1,853 Im	1,783 Im	1,713 Im	1,716 Im
	Yield	237,407 Fc	231,625 Fc	228,590 Fc	225,395 Fc	222,857 Fc
Fibre crops nes	Area harvested	341,465 Im	336,412 Im	331,425 Im	326,542 Im	321,710 Im
	Production quantity	22,036 Im	21,889 Im	21,743 Im	21,596 Im	21,585 Im
	Yield	645 Fc	651 Fc	656 Fc	661 Fc	671 Fc
Fibre Crops Primary	Area harvested	494,926 A	479,746 A	424,644 A	389,654 A	423,700 A
	Production quantity	23,321 A	23,165 A	23,010 A	22,854 A	22,834 A
	Yield	471 Fc	483 Fc	542 Fc	587 Fc	539 Fc
Fruit Primary	Area harvested	152,989 A	153,658 A	135,789 A	137,058 A	120,135 A
	Production quantity	1,027,955 A	1,019,085 A	962,589 A	977,892 A	936,099 A
	Yield	67,191 Fc	66,322 Fc	70,889 Fc	71,349 Fc	77,921 Fc
Fruit, citrus nes	Area harvested	274 Im	296 Im	324 Im	359 Im	404 Im
	Production quantity	2,096 Im	2,240 Im	2,419 Im	2,640 Im	2,914 Im
	Yield	76,496 Fc	75,676 Fc	74,660 Fc	73,538 Fc	72,129 Fc
Fruit, fresh nes	Area harvested	20,731 Im	18,901 Im	17,413 Im	16,180 Im	15,189 Im
	Production quantity	114,415 Im	116,330 Im	118,245 Im	120,160 Im	122,581 Im
	Yield	55,190 Fc	61,547 Fc	67,906 Fc	74,265 Fc	80,704 Fc
Fruit, tropical fresh nes	Area harvested	7,303 Im	7,087 Im	6,868 Im	6,652 Im	6,435 Im
	Production quantity	54,240 Im	52,492 Im	50,744 Im	48,997 Im	47,395 Im
	Yield	74,271 Fc	74,068 Fc	73,885 Fc	73,658 Fc	73,652 Fc
Garlic	Area harvested	18,344	21,754	19,412	15,381	11,846
	Production quantity	152,595	195,740	178,222	138,664	118,767
	Yield	83,185 Fc	89,979 Fc	91,810 Fc	90,153 Fc	100,259 Fc
Ginger	Area harvested	4,160 Im	4,044 Im	3,931 Im	3,819 Im	3,688 Im
	Production quantity	11,741 Im	11,534 Im	11,328 Im	11,121 Im	10,926 Im
	Yield	28,224 Fc	28,521 Fc	28,817 Fc	29,120 Fc	29,626 Fc
Grapes	Area harvested	4,265 Im	3,612 Im	3,153 Im	2,813 Im	2,554 Im
	Production quantity	4,249 Im	4,362 Im	4,475 Im	4,588 Im	4,731 Im
	Yield	9,962 Fc	12,076 Fc	14,193 Fc	16,310 Fc	18,524 Fc
Groundnuts, with shell	Area harvested	87,925	84,237	80,842	74,861	67,062
	Production quantity	156,533	144,091	145,173	129,636	114,574
	Yield	17,803 Fc	17,105 Fc	17,958 Fc	17,317 Fc	17,085 Fc
Hops	Area harvested	33,702 Im	37,275 Im	38,112	31,367	28,333
	Production quantity	44,342 Im	48,431 Im	49,052	40,074	40,964
	Yield	13,157 Fc	12,993 Fc	12,870 Fc	12,776 Fc	14,458 Fc
Leeks, other alliaceous vegetables	Area harvested	597 Im	593 Im	589 Im	584 Im	582 Im
	Production quantity	3,771 Im	3,699 Im	3,627 Im	3,556 Im	3,493 Im
	Yield	63,166 Fc	62,378 Fc	61,579 Fc	60,890 Fc	60,017 Fc
Lemons and limes	Area harvested	1,480	1,849	1,460	1,426	1,099
	Production quantity	7,961	9,448	7,925	7,781	7,335
	Yield	53,791 Fc	51,098 Fc	54,281 Fc	54,565 Fc	66,742 Fc
Lentils	Area harvested	87,444	99,754	119,046	113,685	100,693
	Production quantity	119,329	140,812	175,144	166,274	147,637
	Yield	13,646 Fc	14,116 Fc	14,712 Fc	14,626 Fc	14,662 Fc
Lettuce and chicory	Area harvested	323	245	145	44	117
	Production quantity	383	216	153	72	80
	Yield	11,858 Fc	8,816 Fc	10,552 Fc	16,364 Fc	6,838 Fc
Linseed	Area harvested	69,150	83,627	79,045	80,354	85,416
	Production quantity	79,695	96,686	88,210	87,912	97,611
	Yield	11,525 Fc	11,562 Fc	11,159 Fc	10,941 Fc	11,428 Fc
Maize	Area harvested	2,274,306	2,415,024	3,166,792	3,002,159	2,957,510
	Production quantity	9,635,735	10,119,847	10,488,193	8,846,787	8,211,424
	Yield	42,368 Fc	41,904 Fc	33,119 Fc	29,468 Fc	27,765 Fc
Mangoes, mangosteens, guavas	Area harvested	18,714	22,257	17,843	18,448	16,798
	Production quantity	108,948	136,980	108,181	104,874	112,923
	Yield	58,217 Fc	61,545 Fc	60,629 Fc	56,848 Fc	67,224 Fc
Maté	Area harvested	M	M	M	M	M
Maté	Production quantity	M	M	M	M	M
Melonseed	Area harvested	M	M	M	M	M
Melonseed	Production quantity	M	M	M	M	M
Millet	Area harvested	455,580	446,909	456,057	456,172	465,508
	Production quantity	1,125,958	1,035,630	1,030,823	1,017,059	1,036,444
	Yield	24,715 Fc	23,173 Fc	22,603 Fc	22,296 Fc	22,265 Fc
Mustard seed	Area harvested	4,306 Im	4,274 Im	4,241 Im	4,209 Im	4,218 Im
	Production quantity	2,683 Im	2,663 Im	2,642 Im	2,621 Im	2,629 Im
	Yield	6,231 Fc	6,231 Fc	6,230 Fc	6,227 Fc	6,233 Fc
Nutmeg, mace and cardamoms	Area harvested	420 Im	416 Im	411 Im	406 Im	396 Im
	Production quantity	168 Im	164 Im	161 Im	158 Im	153 Im
	Yield	4,000 Fc	3,942 Fc	3,917 Fc	3,892 Fc	3,864 Fc
Nuts nes	Area harvested	52,515 Im	53,567 Im	54,617 Im	55,666 Im	56,583 Im
	Production quantity	55,081 Im	56,477 Im	57,882 Im	59,299 Im	60,859 Im
	Yield	10,489 Fc	10,543 Fc	10,598 Fc	10,653 Fc	10,756 Fc
Oats	Area harvested	21,282	10,780	20,282	29,298	30,804
	Production quantity	45,754	22,123	37,822	56,039	49,800
	Yield	21,499 Fc	20,522 Fc	18,648 Fc	19,127 Fc	16,167 Fc
Oilcrops	Area harvested	1,041,900 A	968,901 A	993,169 A	918,446 A	1,015,475 A
	Production quantity	1,142,891 A	1,094,951 A	1,096,218 A	1,055,206 A	1,099,174 A
	Yield	10,969 Fc	11,301 Fc	11,038 Fc	11,489 Fc	10,824 Fc
Oilcrops, Cake Equivalent	Area harvested	1,035,313 A	962,302 A	987,350 A	912,102 A	1,008,190 A
	Production quantity	603,497 A	592,140 A	579,236 A	559,779 A	583,529 A
	Yield	5,829 Fc	6,153 Fc	5,867 Fc	6,137 Fc	5,788 Fc
Oilcrops, Oil Equivalent	Area harvested	1,041,900 A	968,901 A	993,169 A	918,446 A	1,015,475 A
	Production quantity	340,974 A	319,183 A	335,711 A	328,936 A	344,035 A
	Yield	3,273 Fc	3,294 Fc	3,380 Fc	3,581 Fc	3,388 Fc
Oilseeds nes	Area harvested	257,991	257,950	290,495	281,206	281,036
	Production quantity	291,637	296,323	323,345	302,432	282,552
	Yield	11,304 Fc	11,488 Fc	11,131 Fc	10,755 Fc	10,054 Fc
Onions, dry	Area harvested	36,373	28,185	31,673	33,603	29,517
	Production quantity	273,859	262,478	293,888	327,475	291,946
	Yield	75,292 Fc	93,127 Fc	92,788 Fc	97,454 Fc	98,908 Fc
Onions, shallots, green	Area harvested	3,285 Im	3,229 Im	3,172 Im	3,112 Im	3,035 Im
	Production quantity	43,597 Im	42,224 Im	40,850 Im	39,476 Im	37,853 Im
	Yield	132,715 Fc	130,765 Fc	128,783 Fc	126,851 Fc	124,722 Fc
Oranges	Area harvested	3,617	5,417	3,706	2,620	3,547
	Production quantity	29,669	41,250	30,561	20,656	31,191
	Yield	82,027 Fc	76,149 Fc	82,464 Fc	78,840 Fc	87,936 Fc
Papayas	Area harvested	3,697	4,010	3,484	3,489	3,338
	Production quantity	51,947	59,205	54,355	50,396	53,038
	Yield	140,511 Fc	147,643 Fc	156,013 Fc	144,443 Fc	158,892 Fc
Peaches and nectarines	Area harvested	34 Im	33 Im	32 Im	31 Im	30 Im
	Production quantity	190 Im	183 Im	176 Im	170 Im	163 Im
	Yield	55,882 Fc	55,455 Fc	55,000 Fc	54,839 Fc	54,333 Fc
Peas, dry	Area harvested	223,657	216,786	220,508	212,531	221,416
	Production quantity	390,564	360,811	368,519	348,145	356,477
	Yield	17,463 Fc	16,644 Fc	16,712 Fc	16,381 Fc	16,100 Fc
Peas, green	Area harvested	587 Im	575 Im	562 Im	549 Im	533 Im
	Production quantity	3,877 Im	3,738 Im	3,599 Im	3,460 Im	3,333 Im
	Yield	66,048 Fc	65,009 Fc	64,039 Fc	63,024 Fc	62,533 Fc
Pepper (piper spp.)	Area harvested	169,195 Im	176,736 Im	179,466	198,091	153,150
	Production quantity	374,413 Im	328,841 Im	347,284	425,395	322,655
	Yield	22,129 Fc	18,606 Fc	19,351 Fc	21,475 Fc	21,068 Fc
Pineapples	Area harvested	482	536	610	629	221
	Production quantity	1,164	1,152	1,375	5,269 Im	276
	Yield	24,149 Fc	21,493 Fc	22,541 Fc	83,768 Fc	12,489 Fc
Potatoes	Area harvested	70,362	66,635	69,611	66,923	70,131
	Production quantity	924,528	933,109	968,970	921,403	1,039,737
	Yield	131,396 Fc	140,033 Fc	139,198 Fc	137,681 Fc	148,256 Fc
Pulses nes	Area harvested	95,968	87,999	92,097	92,286	73,712
	Production quantity	129,511	110,407	119,690	115,803	81,529
	Yield	13,495 Fc	12,546 Fc	12,996 Fc	12,548 Fc	11,060 Fc
Pulses, Total	Area harvested	1,729,262 A	1,817,423 A	2,186,222 A	2,165,692 A	2,248,098 A
	Production quantity	3,253,908 A	3,304,448 A	3,576,568 A	3,484,240 A	3,520,993 A
	Yield	18,817 Fc	18,182 Fc	16,360 Fc	16,088 Fc	15,662 Fc
Rapeseed	Area harvested	23,046	20,681	20,584	23,869	30,453
	Production quantity	42,046	38,216	38,076	43,439	55,043
	Yield	18,244 Fc	18,479 Fc	18,498 Fc	18,199 Fc	18,075 Fc
Rice, paddy	Area harvested	57,576	63,362	53,107	48,418	45,454
	Production quantity	170,630	171,854	151,018	136,001	139,780
	Yield	29,636 Fc	27,123 Fc	28,437 Fc	28,089 Fc	30,752 Fc
Rice, paddy (rice milled equivalent)	Production quantity	113,810 Fc	114,627 Fc	100,729 Fc	90,713 Fc	93,233 Fc
Roots and tubers nes	Area harvested	61,058 Im	60,169	61,608	51,853	53,575
	Production quantity	1,657,097 Im	1,588,494	1,508,609	1,233,247	1,266,050
	Yield	271,397 Fc	264,005 Fc	244,872 Fc	237,835 Fc	236,314 Fc
Roots and Tubers, Total	Area harvested	189,149 A	171,127 A	195,422 A	196,134 A	184,592 A
	Production quantity	4,386,707 A	4,070,616 A	4,325,703 A	4,413,434 A	3,997,903 A
	Yield	231,918 Fc	237,871 Fc	221,352 Fc	225,021 Fc	216,581 Fc
Safflower seed	Area harvested	7,561	6,489	7,967	6,738	7,361
	Production quantity	9,571	8,039	9,577	7,954	7,420
	Yield	12,658 Fc	12,389 Fc	12,021 Fc	11,805 Fc	10,080 Fc
Seed cotton	Area harvested	150,000 *	140,000 *	90,000 *	60,000 *	99,000 *
	Production quantity	154,622 Im	140,000 F	130,000 F	115,000 F	130,000 F
	Yield	10,308 Fc	10,000 Fc	14,444 Fc	19,167 Fc	13,131 Fc
Sesame seed	Area harvested	375,120	294,819	370,141	337,927	388,246
	Production quantity	262,654	201,665	255,903	267,867	302,273
	Yield	7,002 Fc	6,840 Fc	6,914 Fc	7,927 Fc	7,786 Fc
Sisal	Area harvested	1,047 Im	1,025 Im	1,004 Im	982 Im	959 Im
	Production quantity	756 Im	740 Im	724 Im	708 Im	691 Im
	Yield	7,221 Fc	7,220 Fc	7,211 Fc	7,210 Fc	7,205 Fc
Sorghum	Area harvested	1,828,182	1,829,662	1,896,389	1,881,971	1,854,711
	Production quantity	5,265,580	5,024,368	5,169,253	4,752,096	4,765,621
	Yield	28,802 Fc	27,461 Fc	27,258 Fc	25,251 Fc	25,695 Fc
Soybeans	Area harvested	54,543	64,720	38,073	36,636	38,166
	Production quantity	125,623	149,455	86,468	81,235	89,554
	Yield	23,032 Fc	23,093 Fc	22,711 Fc	22,174 Fc	23,464 Fc
Spices nes	Area harvested	314,108	361,756	345,413	290,901	281,143
	Production quantity	304,369	323,829	303,585	267,309	238,753
	Yield	9,690 Fc	8,952 Fc	8,789 Fc	9,189 Fc	8,492 Fc
Sugar cane	Area harvested	32,069	27,827	27,492	31,228	29,358
	Production quantity	1,499,134	1,294,081	1,136,020	1,407,680	1,376,981
	Yield	467,471 Fc	465,045 Fc	413,218 Fc	450,775 Fc	469,031 Fc
Sugar Crops Primary	Area harvested	32,069 A	27,827 A	27,492 A	31,228 A	29,358 A
	Production quantity	1,499,134 A	1,294,081 A	1,136,020 A	1,407,680 A	1,376,981 A
	Yield	467,471 Fc	465,045 Fc	413,218 Fc	450,775 Fc	469,031 Fc
Sunflower seed	Area harvested	5,671 Im	5,505	5,962	6,302	7,232
	Production quantity	6,670 Im	6,894	7,425	7,110	6,518
	Yield	11,762 Fc	12,523 Fc	12,454 Fc	11,282 Fc	9,013 Fc
Sweet potatoes	Area harvested	52,406	40,222	58,847	71,755	55,364
	Production quantity	1,755,855	1,512,112	1,799,384	2,207,820	1,634,520
	Yield	335,048 Fc	375,942 Fc	305,773 Fc	307,689 Fc	295,232 Fc
Tangerines, mandarins, clementines, satsumas	Area harvested	4,097 Im	3,820 Im	3,577 Im	3,363 Im	3,166 Im
	Production quantity	9,141 Im	9,120 Im	9,099 Im	9,077 Im	9,056 Im
	Yield	22,311 Fc	23,874 Fc	25,438 Fc	26,991 Fc	28,604 Fc
Tea	Area harvested	11,701 Im	11,326 Im	10,944 Im	10,738 Im	9,752 Im
	Production quantity	12,969 Im	12,448 Im	11,926 Im	11,601 Im	10,543 Im
	Yield	11,084 Fc	10,991 Fc	10,897 Fc	10,804 Fc	10,811 Fc
Tobacco, unmanufactured	Area harvested	2,868 Im	2,963 Im	3,059 Im	3,154 Im	3,279 Im
	Production quantity	1,940 Im	2,005 Im	2,070 Im	2,134 Im	2,213 Im
	Yield	6,764 Fc	6,767 Fc	6,767 Fc	6,766 Fc	6,749 Fc
Tomatoes	Area harvested	6,012	4,322	5,235	6,299	9,524
	Production quantity	34,947	23,584	27,775	28,365	65,209
	Yield	58,129 Fc	54,567 Fc	53,056 Fc	45,031 Fc	68,468 Fc
Treenuts, Total	Area harvested	52,515 A	53,567 A	54,617 A	55,666 A	56,583 A
	Production quantity	55,081 A	56,477 A	57,882 A	59,299 A	60,859 A
	Yield	10,489 Fc	10,543 Fc	10,598 Fc	10,653 Fc	10,756 Fc
Vegetables Primary	Area harvested	127,220 A	124,019 A	113,787 A	118,109 A	111,246 A
	Production quantity	1,059,331 A	1,091,068 A	997,444 A	1,026,779 A	1,025,717 A
	Yield	83,268 Fc	87,976 Fc	87,659 Fc	86,935 Fc	92,203 Fc
Vegetables, fresh nes	Area harvested	21 Im	12 Im	225	395	254
	Production quantity	65 Im	46 Im	914	1,501	487
	Yield	30,952 Fc	38,333 Fc	40,622 Fc	38,000 Fc	19,173 Fc
Vegetables, leguminous nes	Area harvested	1,673 Im	1,651 Im	1,628 Im	1,603 Im	1,586 Im
	Production quantity	15,006 Im	14,264 Im	13,523 Im	12,782 Im	12,082 Im
	Yield	89,695 Fc	86,396 Fc	83,065 Fc	79,738 Fc	76,179 Fc
Vetches	Area harvested	145,537	130,543	143,086	151,269	159,106
	Production quantity	312,680	260,416	286,602	297,097	317,107
	Yield	21,485 Fc	19,949 Fc	20,030 Fc	19,640 Fc	19,931 Fc
Wheat	Area harvested	1,789,372	1,747,939	1,696,907	1,696,083	1,664,565
	Production quantity	5,315,270	4,838,074	4,642,966	4,537,852	4,650,934
	Yield	29,705 Fc	27,679 Fc	27,361 Fc	26,755 Fc	27,941 Fc
Yams	Area harvested	5,323	4,101	5,356	5,603	5,522
	Production quantity	49,227	36,901	48,740	50,964	57,596
	Yield	92,480 Fc	89,980 Fc	91,001 Fc	90,958 Fc	104,303 Fc

Flag
No flag = Official data
* = Unofficial figure
A = Aggregate, may include official, semi-official, estimated or calculated data
F = FAO estimate
Fc = Calculated data
Im = FAO data based on imputation methodology
M = Data not available

Units
Area harvested = ha
Production quantity = tonnes
Yield = hg/ha

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, (2021). FAOSTAT - Food and agriculture data, http://www.fao.org/faostat/. Reproduced with permission.

Land Usage

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Land Use		2018	2017	2016	2015	2014
Agricultural land	Area	37,903 Fm	37,540 Fm	37,332 Fm	37,121 Fm	36,910 Fm
Agriculture	Area	37,903 Fc	37,540 Fc	37,332 Fc	37,121 Fc	36,910 Fc
Agriculture area actually irrigated	Area	789 Q	691 Q
Agriculture area certified organic	Area	185 I	185 I	185 I	185 I	160 I
Agriculture area under organic agric.	Area	186 I	186 I	186 I	186 I	161 I
Arable land	Area	16,187 Q	15,969 Q	15,846 Fm	15,721 Fm	15,596 Fm
Country area	Area	113,626 Fc	113,626 Fc	113,626 Fc	113,626 Fc	113,626 Fc
Cropland	Area	17,903 Q	17,540 Q	17,332 Fm	17,121 Fm	16,910 Fm
Cropland area actually irrigated	Area	789 Q	691 Q
Cropland area certified organic	Area	185 I				6 Fc
Cropland area under organic agric.	Area	186 I				7 Fc
Forest land	Area	17,215 Q	17,288 Q	17,361 Q	17,434 Q	17,507 Fm
Inland waters	Area	696 Fc	698 Fc	695 Fc	699 Fc	704 Fc
Land area	Area	112,930 Fc	112,928 Fc	112,930 Fc	112,927 Fc	112,923 Fc
Land area equipped for irrigation	Area	858 Fm	858 Fm	858 Fm	858 I	800 Fm
Land under perm. meadows and pastures	Area	20,000 Fm	20,000 Fm	20,000 Fm	20,000 Fm	20,000 Fm
Land under permanent crops	Area	1,716 Q	1,571 Q	1,486 Fm	1,400 Fm	1,314 Fm
Land under temp. meadows and pastures	Area	1,764 Q	2,189 Q	2,137 Fm	2,084 Fm	2,031 Fm
Land under temporary crops	Area	13,873 Q	13,138 Q	13,069 Fm	13,001 Fm	12,933 Fm
Land with temporary fallow	Area	550 Q	642 Q	640 Fm	636 Fm	632 Fm
Naturally regenerating forest	Area	16,104 Q	16,223 Q	16,342 Q	16,462 Q	16,581 Fm
Other land	Area	57,813 Fc	58,100 Fc	58,238 Fc	58,373 Fc	58,506 Fc
Planted Forest	Area	1,111 Q	1,065 Q	1,018 Q	972 Q	926 Fm
Primary Forest	Area		0 Fm	0 Fm	0 Q	0 Fm

Flag
Fc = Calculated data
Fm = Manual Estimation
I = Country data reported by International Organizations where the country is a member (Semi-official) - WTO, EU, UNSD, etc.
Q = Official data reported on FAO Questionnaires from countries

Units
Area = 1000 ha

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, (2021). FAOSTAT - Food and agriculture data, http://www.fao.org/faostat/. Reproduced with permission.

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Agricultural Production

Land Usage