| | | Cucumis dipsaceus (hedgehog gourd) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
| | | yellow head virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Clavibacter michiganensis (bacterial canker of tomato) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (sugarcane ratoon stunting disease) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Mycobacterium bovis | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Bacteroidetes | Paenibacillus larvae | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2009); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Bacillus anthracis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris (yellow disease phytoplasmas) | Present | | | Zamora et al. (2012); Ferriol-Marchena et al. (2013); Pérez-López et al. (2013); Zamora et al. (2014); Acosta et al. (2015); Acosta et al. (2015); Wei et al. (2020) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae (lethal yellowing (LY)) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Melissococcus plutonius | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2009); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma gallisepticum | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) type | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma synoviae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Anaplasma marginale | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella abortus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella melitensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella ovis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella suis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Burkholderia pseudomallei | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Hepatobacter penaei | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Asian greening) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022); Luis et al. (2009); Martínez et al. (2009); CABI/EPPO (2017) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | citrus huanglongbing (greening) disease (citrus greening) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Coxiella burnetii | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ehrlichia ruminantium | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Francisella tularensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pasteurella multocida | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pseudomonas cichorii (bacterial blight of endive) | Present, Widespread | | | Bradbury (1986); Rodriguez and Hinojosa (1986); Cruz and Stefanova (1992); Rodriguez et al. (1992); Stefanova et al. (1992); Mariano et al. (1994); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 (bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 (moko disease) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2021) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella Abortusequi | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella abortusovis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella gallinarum | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella pullorum | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Taylorella equigenitalis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Vibrio parahaemolyticus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (cassava bacterial blight) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); UK, CAB International (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (bean blight) | Present | | | Pazos and Hevesi (1975); Bradbury (1986); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vasculorum (sugarcane gumming disease) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas citri (citrus canker) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xenohaliotis californiensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Aphanomyces astaci | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Aphanomyces invadans | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Peronospora belbahrii (basil downy mildew) | Present | | Invasive | Martínez de la Parte et al. (2010); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora cinnamomi (Phytophthora dieback) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora infestans (Phytophthora blight) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1982); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Plasmopara viticola (grapevine downy mildew) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Alternaria japonica (pod spot of radish) | Present | | | Arnold (1986); David (2000) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Ceratocystis fimbriata (Ceratocystis blight) | Present, Localized | Native | | Rodriguez T. and Alfonso H. (1978); Herrera Isla and Grillo Ravelo (1989); Martín Triana and Alvárez Díaz (1989); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Panama disease of banana) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (Fusarium wilt) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1982) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Guignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Hidalgo Góngora and Pérez Vicente (2010); CABI/EPPO (2012) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella dearnessii (brown spot needle blight) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Vidal (1992); Jones and Mourichon (1993); CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Phomopsis vexans (Phomopsis blight of eggplant) | Present | | | Arnold (1986); CABI and EPPO (2008) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Pseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Sphaeropsis sapinea (Sphaeropsis blight) | Present | | | López Castilla et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Trichoconiella padwickii (stackburn disease) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Arnold (1986) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust) | Present | | | Seaver and Chardon (1926); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato (Heterobasidion root rot) | Present, Widespread | Native | | UK, CAB International (1980); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Moniliophthora roreri (frosty pod rot) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | Krauss et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phakopsora euvitis (grape rust fungus) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2007) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soyabean rust) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); Pérez-Vicente et al. (2010); Santana Torres et al. (2012); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phellinus noxius (brown tea root disease) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1997) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia kuehnii (orange rust) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) | Present | | | Díaz et al. (2007); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Acarapis woodi (honeybee mite) | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aceria guerreronis (coconut mite) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aculops lycopersici (tomato russet mite) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aethina tumida | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Agrius cingulatus (pink-spotted hawkmoth) | Present | | | Schotman (1989) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurocanthus woglumi (citrus blackfly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Camp and Wilmot (1932); Mound and Halsey (1978); UK, CAB International (1995) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurodicus dispersus (whitefly) | Present | | | Rodríguez Rubial et al. (2014); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); NHM (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Amblyomma variegatum (tropical bont tick) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha obliqua (West Indian fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Macquart (1835); Bruner et al. (1975); Vázquez et al. (1999); CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha suspensa (Caribbean fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Loew (1862); Stone (1942); CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anthonomus grandis (Mexican cotton boll weevil) | Present, Widespread | | | Warner (1966); Degrande (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidiella orientalis (oriental yellow scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1978) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidomytilus albus (tapioca scale) | Present | Native | | Ballou (1923); Merrill (1953); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis craccivora (groundnut aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1983) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1968); Pospisil (1972) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1969) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly) | Present | | | Castineiras (1995); CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); Chang-Sidorchuk et al. (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (MEAM1) (silverleaf whitefly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Martínez-Zubiaur et al. (2008); Muñiz et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Boophilus microplus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Brevipalpus lewisi (citrus flat mite) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Brevipalpus phoenicis (false spider mite) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cactoblastis cactorum (cactus moth) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); Seebens et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Callinectes sapidus (blue crab) | Present | Native | | Tavares (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cerataphis lataniae (palm aphid) | Present | Introduced | | Schotman (1989); CABI and EPPO (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Charybdis hellerii | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Gómez and Martínez-Iglesias (1990); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chionaspis pinifoliae (pine leaf scale) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Alayo Soto (1976); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus aonidum (circular scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1969); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screw-worm) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chthamalus proteus | Present | | | Southward (1975) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm) | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Coptotermes gestroi (Asian subterranean termite) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Evans et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Crocidosema plebejana (cotton tipworm) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cryptotermes brevis (powderpost termite) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Hagen (1858) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cylas formicarius (sweet potato weevil) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1970); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dialeurodes citri (citrus whitefly) | Present | | | International Institute of Entomology (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Diaspidiotus perniciosus (San José scale) | Present | | | Nakahara (1982); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dinoderus minutus (bamboo borer) | Present | Introduced | | Wu et al. (1986) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug) | Present | | | Ben-Dov (1994); Rodríguez et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ferrisia virgata (striped mealybug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966); Ben-Dov (1994); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Geococcus coffeae (coffee root mealybug) | Present | | | Williams and Granara de Willink (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gymnandrosoma aurantianum (citrus fruit borer) | Present | | | Adamski and Brown (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gynaikothrips ficorum (Cuban laurel thrips) | Present | | | Denmark (1967); Jacot-Guillarmod and Brothers (1986) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Haplaxius crudus (American palm cixiid) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Osborn (1926); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Helicoverpa zea (American cotton bollworm) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (black tea thrips) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1961) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hemiberlesia lataniae (latania scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hemiberlesia rapax (greedy scale (USA)) | Present | | | Merrill (1953); Schotman (1989) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Heteropsylla cubana (leucaena psyllid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer) | Present | | | Cristancho et al. (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hypsipyla grandella (mahogany shoot borer) | Present | | | Casanova et al. (2001); Menéndez and Berrios (1992); CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1971); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Insignorthezia insignis (greenhouse orthezia) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1957) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ips grandicollis (five-spined bark beetle) | Present, Localized | | | Nunberg (1974); Berrios et al. (1987); Guerra et al. (1989); CABI and EPPO (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1962); WEISER and HOSTOUNSKY (1967); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Linepithema humile (Argentine ant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza sativae (vegetable leaf miner) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (rice water weevil) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Litopenaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Ceballos and Granda (2004); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid) | Present | Introduced | | UK, CAB International (1984) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Metcalfa pruinosa (frosted moth-bug) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Mythimna unipuncta (rice armyworm) | Present | Native | | UK, CAB International (1967) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) | Present | | | Smith and Cermeli (1979); UK, CAB International (1979) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Neoleucinodes elegantalis (eggplant stem borer) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Núñez Águila (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nezara viridula (green stink bug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1970); Rojas Izaguirre and Cruz Ramos (1987) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nipaecoccus nipae (spiked mealybug) | Present | | | Ben-Dov (1994); CABI and EPPO (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Papilio demoleus (chequered swallowtail) | Present | | | Benyamini et al. (2007); Yong et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paracoccus marginatus (papaya mealybug) | Present | Introduced | | Ahmed et al. (2015); Rodríguez et al. (2003); CABI/EPPO (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paratrechina fulva | Present | | | Loddo Vega et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paratrechina longicornis (crazy ant) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1990); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pheidole megacephala (big-headed ant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Kempf (1972) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phenacoccus solenopsis (cotton mealybug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Williams and Granara de Willink (1992); Ben-Dov (1994); Matienzo et al. (2003); Rodriguez et al. (2003); Ben-Dov et al. (2004); Granara de Willink and Szumik (2007); Kondo et al. (2008); CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phthorimaea operculella (potato tuber moth) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phyllocnistis citrella (citrus leaf miner) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1986); Fernández et al. (2007); González Fernández et al. (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug) | Present | | | Mestre and Angeles Martínez (1991); CABI and EPPO (1999); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) | Present, Widespread | | | UK, CAB International (1967) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Polyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mite) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1986); Bernal Areces et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudacysta perseae | Present, Widespread | | | CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (mulberry scale) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudococcus elisae (banana mealybug) | Present | | | Niebla Rumbaut et al. (2010); Williams and Granara de Willink (1992); Rodríguez et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudococcus viburni (obscure mealybug) | Present | | | Gimpel and Miller (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Raoiella indica (red palm mite) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Rodríguez et al. (2007); Torre Santana et al. (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhynchophorus palmarum (South American palm weevil) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer) | Present | | | Avilés and Guibert (1986) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Saissetia oleae (olive scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1952) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Scyphophorus acupunctatus (agave weevil) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus oryzae (lesser grain weevil) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus zeamais (greater grain weevil) | Present | | | Avilés and Guibert (1986) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Solenopsis geminata (tropical fire ant) | Present | Native | | ISSG (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera eridania (southern armyworm) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Núñez Águila (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant) | Present | Introduced | | Wetterer (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) | Present | | | International Institute of Entomology (1996) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Thrips palmi (melon thrips) | Present, Localized | | | CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); Cabrera Campos et al. (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid) | Present | | | Yokomi et al. (1994); CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trialeurodes vaporariorum (whitefly, greenhouse) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tropilaelaps | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Unaspis citri (citrus snow scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1962); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Varroa destructor (Varroa mite) | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Wasmannia auropunctata (little fire ant) | Present | Native | | ISSG (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus volvulus | Present | Native | | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus compactus (shot-hole borer) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Wood (1977); CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Anolis sagrei (brown anole) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Aristichthys nobilis (bighead carp) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); FishBase (2004); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ascidia sydneiensis | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bos taurus (cattle) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Branta canadensis (Canada goose) | Present, Few occurrences | Native | | Mowbray et al. (2002); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bubalus bubalis (Asian water buffalo) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Borghese (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bubulcus ibis (cattle egret) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Clarias gariepinus | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Columba livia (pigeons) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Corvus splendens (house crow) | Absent, Formerly present | | | Kirwan et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) | Present | Introduced | | Shireman and Smith (1983); Welcomme (1988); Froese and Pauly (2004); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cyprinus carpio (common carp) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); Lever (1998) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Eleutherodactylus planirostris (greenhouse frog) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Stejneger (1917); Barbour and Ramsden (1919); Schwartz (1974); Schwartz and Henderson (1991); Díaz and Cádiz (2008); Powell and Henderson (2012); González et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Equus ferus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Herpestes auropunctatus (small Indian mongoose) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Borroto-Páez (2009); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2004); Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); Sugunan (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Lates niloticus (Nile perch) | Present | Introduced | | Welcomme (1988); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Lepomis gibbosus (pumpkinseed) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) | Present | Introduced | | Burgess and Franz (1989) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Macaca mulatta (rhesus macaque) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Lee et al. (1983); Welcomme (1988); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Molothrus ater (brown-headed cowbird) | Present, Few occurrences | | | Avibase (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Molothrus bonariensis (shiny cowbird) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Mylopharyngodon piceus (black amur) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | FAO (1997); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis aureus (blue tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Pullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Pullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Osteopilus septentrionalis (Cuban treefrog) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2017); Frost (2018); Glorioso et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ovis aries (sheep) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oxyura jamaicensis (ruddy duck) | Present, Localized | Native | | Johnsgard and Carbonell (1996) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Passer domesticus (house sparrow) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Phasianus colchicus (common pheasant) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Piaractus brachypomus (pirapitinga) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Poecilia reticulata (guppy) | Present | Introduced | | Burgess and Franz (1989); Froese and Pauly (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Psittacula krameri (rose-ringed parakeet) | Present | Introduced | | Kirwan (2000); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pterois volitans (lionfish) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chevalier et al. (2008); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rachycentron canadum (cobia) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rana catesbeiana (American bullfrog) | Present | Introduced | | Teixeira et al. (2001); Flores Nava (2005); Kraus (2009); Santos-Barrera et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rattus norvegicus (brown rat) | Present | | | Schotman (1989) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rattus rattus (black rat) | Present | | | Schotman (1989) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rhinella marina (cane toad) | Absent, Formerly present | | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Streptopelia decaocto (Eurasian collared-dove) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | BirdLife International (2014); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Sturnus vulgaris (common starling) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Natureserve (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Sus scrofa [ISC] (feral pig) | Present | Introduced | | IUCN (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tyto alba (Barn owl) | Present | Native | | Bruce (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Cnidaria | Tubastraea coccinea (orange-cup coral) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Achatina fulica (giant African land snail) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Vázquez et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Crassostrea virginica (eastern oyster) | Present, Localized | Native | | FIGIS (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Helisoma duryi | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Magallana gigas (Pacific oyster) | Present | | | Alvarez (1991) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Marisa cornuarietis (giant ramshorn) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Aguayo and Jaume (1954); Hunt (1958); Ferrer Lopez et al. (1991); Gutiérrez et al. (1997); Pointier et al. (2005); Fernndez et al. (2006); Simone (2006); Vázquez Perera and Perera Valderrama (2010); Cowie and Hayes (2012); Horgan et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Melanoides tuberculata (red-rimmed melania) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Perera et al. (1987) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pinctada imbricata radiata (rayed pearl oyster) | Present | Native | | Leal (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Planorbella duryi | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Veronicella cubensis (Cuban slug) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Maceira-Filgueira (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Zachrysia provisoria (Cuban brown snail) | Present | Native | | Pilsbry (1928); Maceira et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Aphelenchoides besseyi (rice leaf nematode) | Present | | | Fernandez Diaz Siveira (1967); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Aphelenchoides fragariae (strawberry crimp nematode) | Present | | | Gandarilla Basterrechea (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi (Chrysanthemum foliar eelworm) | Present | | | Gandarilla Basterrechea (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Globodera rostochiensis (yellow potato cyst nematode) | Absent, Intercepted only | | | CABI/EPPO (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Helicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode) | Present | | | Stoyanov (1967); Siddiqi (1973); CABI and EPPO (2003); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2003); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne enterolobii (Pacara earpod tree root-knot nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Decker and Rodriguez Fuentes (1989); Rodríguez et al. (1995); Cuadra et al. (1999); Rodríguez et al. (1999); Rodriguez et al. (2003); Molinari et al. (2005); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Cuadra et al. (1988); CABI and EPPO (2002); Rivas Bofill and Gandarilla Basterrechea (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI and EPPO (2002); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne mayaguensis | Present, Widespread | | | Rodríguez et al. (1995); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Pratylenchus coffeae (banana root nematode) | Present | | | STOYANOV (1967); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode) | Present | | | Stoyanov (1967); CABI and EPPO (1999); Elbadri et al. (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Scutellonema bradys (yam nematode) | Present | | | DECKER et al. (1967); CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Trichinella | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Tylenchulus semipenetrans (citrus root nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Stoyanov (1971); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus granulosus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus multilocularis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Gyrodactylus salaris | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Taenia solium | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila abortus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila psittaci | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Chlorophyta | Caulerpa taxifolia (killer algae) | Present | Native | | Guiry and Guiry (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Angiopteris evecta (king fern) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Blechnum appendiculatum (palm fern) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Ceratopteris thalictroides (watersprite) | Present, Few occurrences | Native | | Serguera et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Christella dentata (soft fern) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); GBIF (2012); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Macrothelypteris torresiana (swordfern) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Nephrolepis brownii (Asian swordfern) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteridium aquilinum (bracken) | Present, Localized | Native | | Seifriz (1943) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris tripartita (giant brake) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Caluff and Fuentes Fiallo (2008); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Missouri Botanical Garden (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Missouri Botanical Garden (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia auriculata (giant salvinia) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Caluff and Fiallo (2008); USDA-ARS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia minima | Present, Few occurrences | Native | | GBIF (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia molesta (kariba weed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Selaginella plana | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Thelypteris opulenta (jewelled maiden fern) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Acanthophora spicifera | Present | Native | | Suárez (2005); Taylor (1960); Jong et al. (1999); Cabrera et al. (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Eucheuma spp. | Present | Introduced | | Serpa-Madrigal et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Hypnea musciformis | Present | Native | | Cabrera et al. (2004); Suárez (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Kappaphycus | Present | Introduced | | Serpa-Madrigal et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abelmoschus moschatus (musk mallow) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abrus precatorius (rosary pea) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon hirtum (Indian mallow) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon indicum (country mallow) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia angustissima (prairie acacia) | Present | Introduced | | Martínez Quesada and Pérez (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia auriculiformis (northern black wattle) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia farnesiana (huisache) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mangium (brown salwood) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia nilotica (gum arabic tree) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthocereus tetragonus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Achillea millefolium (yarrow) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Achyranthes aspera (devil's horsewhip) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Smithsonian Institution (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Adenanthera pavonina (red-bead tree) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002); González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Adonidia merrillii (Christmas palm) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aeschynomene americana (shyleaf) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Rojas-Sandoval et al. (2017); Gonzalez-Oliva et al. (2019); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave americana (century plant) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave fourcroydes (henequen) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave sisalana (sisal hemp) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Gonzalez-Torres et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave vivipara (Caribbean agave) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agdestis clematidea (rockroot) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratina riparia (mistflower) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Holm et al. (1979); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum houstonianum (Blue billygoatweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Robinson (1913) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia adinocephala (cream albizia) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); ILDIS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia niopoides (silk tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia procera (white siris) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Cumbá et al. (1992); ILDIS (2002); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aleurites moluccanus (candlenut tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | Krisnawati et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Allamanda cathartica (yellow allamanda) | Present | Introduced | | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alocasia cucullata (Chinese taro) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alocasia macrorrhizos (giant taro) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aloe vera (true aloe) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aloysia citrodora (lemon verbena) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alpinia purpurata (red ginger) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alpinia zerumbet (shell ginger) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera halimifolia (hairy joyweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alysicarpus vaginalis (alyce clover) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus cruentus (red amaranth) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus dubius (spleen amaranth) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); León and Alain (1957) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer amaranth) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus viridis (slender amaranth) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ambrosia peruviana (Peruvian ragweed) | Present | | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ampelopsis arborea (peppervine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Andropogon glomeratus (bushy bluestem) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Andropogon virginicus (broomsedge) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodriguez and Strong (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Anethum graveolens (dill) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona cherimola (cherimoya) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Garcia and Manzano (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona glabra (pond apple) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona muricata (soursop) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona reticulata (bullock's heart) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona squamosa (sugar apple) | Present | Introduced | | USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Antigonon leptopus (coral vine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ardisia elliptica (shoebutton ardisia) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ardisia humilis (low shoebutton) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argyreia nervosa (elephant creeper) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); NMNH (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristida ternipes (spidergrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristolochia elegans (elegant Dutchman’s pipe) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristolochia littoralis (elegant dutchman's pipe) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristolochia ringens (Dutchman’s pipe) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); USDA-ARS (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Kairo et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arundo donax (giant reed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Missouri Botanical Garden (2007); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asclepias curassavica (bloodflower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus aethiopicus | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus falcatus (sicklethorn) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Mederos et al. (2011); Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus setaceus (asparagus fern) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asystasia gangetica (chinese violet) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Averrhoa bilimbi (bilimbi) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Axonopus fissifolius | Present | Native | | Giraldo-Cañas (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Azadirachta indica (neem tree) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Baccharis halimifolia (groundsel-bush) | Present | Native | | Van Deelen (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bacopa monnieri (water hyssop) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa bambos (giant thorny bamboo) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa longispiculata (mahal bamboo) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa tuldoides (punting pole bamboo) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Basella alba (malabar spinach) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); New York Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Batis maritima (saltwort) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia monandra (Napoleon's plume) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia purpurea (purple bauhinia) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia tomentosa (yellow bauhinia) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia variegata (mountain ebony) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Begonia nelumbiifolia (lilypad begonia) | Present | | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bidens pilosa (blackjack) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Hudson et al. (1986); Piloto-Sardiñas et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bidens subalternans | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bixa orellana (annatto) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bocconia frutescens (plume poppy) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia coccinea (scarlet spiderling) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bontia daphnoides (white alling) | Present | Native and Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Leiva (1980) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa bladhii (Caucasian bluestem) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa ischaemum (yellow bluestem) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa pertusa (pitted beard grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa saccharoides | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bougainvillea spectabilis (great bougainvillea) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica juncea (mustard) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica rapa (field mustard) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); New York Botanical Garden (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (turnip rape) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Breynia disticha (snowbush) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); NMNH (2017); NYBG (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bromelia pinguin (wild pineapple) | Present | Native and Introduced | Invasive | UNDP (2011); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brugmansia candida (angel's trumpet) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brugmansia suaveolens (white angel's trumpet) | Present | Introduced | | Fuentes Fiallo (1990) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Buddleja madagascariensis (smokebush) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia bonduc | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia decapetala (Mysore thorn) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia violacea (brasiletto) | Present | Native and Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caladium bicolor (heart of Jesus) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Callisia repens (creeping inch-plant) | Present | | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calophyllum inophyllum (Alexandrian laurel) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calopogonium caeruleum (jicama) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo) | Present | Introduced | | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calotropis procera (apple of sodom) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | World Agroforestry Centre (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Acosta et al. (2015); New York Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia gladiata (sword bean) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canna indica (canna lilly) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Capsicum annuum (bell pepper) | Present | | | FAO (2009); Quiñones et al. (2002); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); González-Alvarez et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Capsicum baccatum (pepper) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardamine flexuosa (wavy bittercress) | Present | Introduced | | ISSG (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Carludovica palmata (Panama hat plant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); IUCN (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cascabela thevetia (yellow oleander) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia grandis (pink shower) | Present | | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); ILDIS (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Castilla elastica (Mexican rubber tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina cunninghamiana (Australian beefwood) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012); World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina glauca (scaly oak (Australia)) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cecropia peltata (trumpet tree) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus echinatus (southern sandbur) | Present | | | Perez et al. (1985); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ceratophyllum demersum (coontail) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Lowden (1978); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cestrum diurnum (day jessamine) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cestrum nocturnum (night jessamine) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Hanelt et al. (2001); PIER (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chamaecrista nictitans (sensitive partridge pea) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chamaedorea elegans (parlour palm) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cheilocostus speciosus (crepe ginger ) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chenopodium murale (nettleleaf goosefoot) | Present, Widespread | | | Cordero (1983) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris barbata (purpletop chloris) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris virgata (feather finger grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Gautier (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chrysophyllum oliviforme | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cinnamomum burmanni (padang cassia) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cinnamomum camphora (camphor laurel) | Present | Introduced | | Pino and Fuentes (1998) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cirsium mexicanum (Mexican thistle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cissus quadrangularis (treebine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cissus verticillata (possum grape vine) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citharexylum ellipticum (anacahuita) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantiifolia (lime) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantium (sour orange) | Present | | | FAO (2013); Yong et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome gynandra | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome rutidosperma (fringed spiderflower) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome viscosa (Asian spiderflower) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum chinense (Chinese glory bower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum indicum (Turk's turban) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum lindleyi (clerodendrum) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum paniculatum (pagoda flower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum speciosissimum (Java glory bower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clidemia hirta (Koster's curse) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clitoria ternatea (butterfly-pea) | Present | Introduced | | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clusia rosea | Present | Native | | Francis (1993); Riffle (1998) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cocos nucifera (coconut) | Present | Introduced | | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Catasús Guerra (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Coleus blumei (common coleus) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Colocasia esculenta (taro) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Colubrina asiatica (latherleaf) | Present | Introduced | | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Combretum indicum (Rangoon creeper) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina diffusa (spreading dayflower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Copaifera officinalis (copaiba balsam) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cordia alliodora (Ecuador laurel) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cordia obliqua (clammy cherry) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Corymbia citriodora (lemon-scented gum) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cosmos caudatus (wild cosmos) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cosmos sulphureus (sulphur cosmos) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Costus spicatus (spiked spiralflag ginger) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria maypurensis (rattlebox weed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria retusa (rattleweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria spectabilis (showy rattlepod) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Croton argenteus (silver July croton) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cryptostegia grandiflora (rubber vine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Missouri Botanical Garden (2003); González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cryptostegia madagascariensis (Madagascar rubbervine) | Present | Introduced | | Smithsonian Institution (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cucumis anguria (West Indian gherkin) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuphea hyssopifolia (false heather) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cupressus arizonica (Arizona cypress) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cupressus sempervirens (Mediterranean cypress) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuscuta campestris (field dodder) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyanthillium cinereum (little ironweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Esquivel et al. (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon nardus (citronella grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | eMonocot (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Jiménez Rabelo et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon nlemfuensis (African Bermuda-grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon plectostachyus (African stargrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus alternifolius (Umbrella flatsedge) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus imbricatus (shingle flatsedge) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus iria (rice flatsedge) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dalea scandens (low prairie clover) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Groom (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura innoxia (downy thorn apple) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura inoxia (Downy Thornapple) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura metel (Hindu datura) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura stramonium (jimsonweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Delonix regia (flamboyant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dendrocalamus strictus (male bamboo) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Derris elliptica (tuba root) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Desmodium incanum (creeping beggerweed) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium annulatum (Kleberg's bluestem) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium aristatum (angelton bluestem) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium caricosum (nadi blue grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichrostachys cinerea (sickle bush) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); PIER (1999); Moyroud (2000); Hernández (2002); Fournet (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dieffenbachia seguine (dumb cane) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria bicornis (Asian crabgrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Catasús Guerra (2015); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria eriantha (pangola grass) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Catasús Guerra (2015); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria insularis (sourgrass) | Present | | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria sanguinalis (large crabgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Relova and Pohlan (1988); Piloto-Sardiñas et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Diodia teres (poorjoe) | Present | Native | | NYBG (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea alata (white yam) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012); FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea cayenensis (Guinea yam) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dolichandra unguis-cati (cat's claw creeper) | Present | Native and Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dombeya wallichii (pink ball) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dracaena fragrans (corn plant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Drymaria cordata (tropical chickweed) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1997); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Duranta erecta (golden dewdrop) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dypsis lutescens (yellow butterfly palm) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dysphania ambrosioides (Mexican tea) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa colona (junglerice) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Holm et al. (1991); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa crus-pavonis (gulf cockspur grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinodorus grisebachii | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eclipta prostrata (eclipta) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Egeria densa (leafy elodea) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia azurea (anchored water hyacinth) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); UK, Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew) (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Gopal (1987); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elephantopus mollis (elephant's foot) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eleusine indica (goose grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elodea canadensis (Canadian pondweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Liogier and Martorell (2000); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia coccinea (scarlet tasselflower) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower) | Present | Introduced | | Labrada (2003); Rodríguez et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Entada gigas (sea-bean) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | GBIF (2020); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Epiphyllum oxypetalum (dutchman's-pipe cactus) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Epipremnum pinnatum (centipede tongavine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis amabilis (Japanese lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis atrovirens (thalia lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis ciliaris (gophertail lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis unioloides (Chinese lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2018); USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erechtites hieraciifolius (American burnweed) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erigeron bellioides (bellorita) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erythrina berteroana (coralbean) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); ILDIS (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erythrina poeppigiana (coral tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eugenia uniflora (Surinam cherry) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Piloto-Sardiñas et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia hypericifolia (graceful spurge) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia lactea (mottled spurge) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia leucocephala (white Christmas bush) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia milii (crown-of-thorns) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia neriifolia (Indian spurge tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia tirucalli (Indian-tree spurge) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia tithymaloides (devil's backbone) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia trigona (African milk weed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia umbellata (African milk bush) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Falcataria moluccana (batai wood) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Toral and Simón (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fallopia convolvulus (black bindweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus benjamina (weeping fig) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus carica (common fig) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Minafra et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus elastica (rubber plant) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus pumila (creeping fig) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus religiosa (sacred fig tree) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia lineata (wild hops) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia strobilifera (wild hops) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fraxinus americana (white ash) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Funtumia elastica (West African rubber tree) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | New York Botanical Garden (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Furcraea foetida (Mauritius hemp) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gaillardia pulchella (Indian blanket) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galphimia glauca (goldshower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galphimia gracilis (goldshower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Garcia nutans (false tung oil tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002); WAC (2005); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Glycosmis parviflora (flower axistree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gmelina arborea (candahar) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphocarpus physocarpus (balloon cotton bush) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphrena globosa (globe amaranth) | Present | | Invasive | USDA-ARS (2015); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphrena serrata (arrasa con todo) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gossypium barbadense (Gallini cotton) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Grevillea robusta (silky oak) | Present | Introduced | | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Haematoxylum campechianum (logwood) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Leon and Alain (1952) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hedychium coccineum (scarlet ginger lily) | Present | Introduced | | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Adams (1972) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hedychium coronarium (white butterfly ginger lily) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Finlay (2004); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Helenium amarum (bitterweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | GBIF (2017); USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Helenium quadridentatum (longdisk sneezeweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Helianthus debilis (beach sunflower) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium curassavicum (salt heliotrope) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium indicum (Indian heliotrope) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Labrada (1975); Holm et al. (1991); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hemerocallis fulva (tawny daylily) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heteropogon contortus (spear grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hibiscus elatus (blue mahoe) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hibiscus tiliaceus (coast cottonwood) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hura crepitans (sand box) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hydrocotyle ranunculoides (floating pennywort) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2004); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hylocereus undatus (dragon fruit) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hymenachne amplexicaulis (hymenachne) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis brevipes (lesser roundweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis spicigera (black sesame) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | GBIF (2020); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis suaveolens (pignut) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015); GRIIS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Impatiens walleriana (busy lizzy) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera suffruticosa (Anil indigo) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera tinctoria (true indigo) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera trita (Asian indigo) | Present | | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera trita subsp. scabra (Asian Indigo) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Inga punctata (ice cream bean tree) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | González-Oliva (2015); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); IUCN (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea alba (white moonflower ) | Present | | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea aquatica (swamp morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Snyder et al. (1981); Pino et al. (1996); Pino et al. (1996); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morning glory) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (bush morning glory) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea hederifolia (scarlet-creeper ) | Present | | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea indica (ocean blue morning-glory) | Present | | | Staples (2017); USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea nil (white edge morning-glory) | Present | | | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea obscura | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea ochracea (fence morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea purpurea (tall morning glory) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea quamoclit (cypress vine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea sagittata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea triloba (three-lobe morning glory) | Present, Localized | | | Ordetx (1949); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Antigua (1993); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ixora finlaysoniana (white jungle flame) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ixora thwaitesii | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jacaranda mimosifolia (jacaranda) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Kairo et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum fluminense (Brazilian jasmine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum multiflorum (star jasmine) | Present | Introduced | | González Gutiérrez (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum sambac (Arabian jasmine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha curcas (jatropha) | Present | Introduced | | Kairo et al. (2003); Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush) | Present, Widespread | Native | | CSIRO (1998); Ocampo and Balick (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Justicia pectoralis (freshcut) | Present | | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe daigremontiana (devil's backbone) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe delagoensis (chandelier plant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe integra (Never die) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe pinnata (cathedral bells) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acuña G. (1974); González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lablab purpureus (hyacinth bean) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagerstroemia indica (Indian crape myrtle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagerstroemia speciosa (Pride of India) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lantana camara (lantana) | Present | Native | | Sharma et al. (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Launaea intybacea (bitter lettuce) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lawsonia inermis (Egyptian privet) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leersia hexandra (southern cut grass) | Present | | | Pyrah (1969) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna perpusilla (duckweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); GBIF (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonotis nepetifolia (Christmas candlestick) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonurus japonicus (honeyweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lepidium virginicum (Virginian peppercress) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Britton (1906) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa fusca (sprangletop) | Present | | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); USDA-ARS (2014); Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa mucronata (mucronate sprangletop ) | Present | | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa nealleyi (Nealley's sprangletop) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Barkworth et al. (2007); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena diversifolia | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Kairo et al. (2003); ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucanthemum vulgare (oxeye daisy) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ligustrum japonicum (Japanese privet) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Limnobium laevigatum (South American spongeplant) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lindernia crustacea (Malaysian false pimpernel) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lonicera confusa | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia grandiflora (water primrose) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia palustris (marsh seedbox) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia peploides (water primrose) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Luffa acutangula (angled luffa) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro) | Present | Native and Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Malvaviscus arboreus (wax mallow) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Malvaviscus penduliflorus (Turk's cap mallow) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mammea americana (mamey apple) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mangifera indica (mango) | Present | Introduced | | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Manilkara zapota (sapodilla) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Acosta et al. (2009); Pérez-López et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Maranta arundinacea (arrowroot) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Martynia annua (tiger's claw) | Present | Native and Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Medicago lupulina (black medick) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Kairo et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melia azedarach (Chinaberry) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melicoccus bijugatus (Spanish lime) | Present | Introduced | | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melilotus officinalis (yellow sweet clover) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis minutiflora (molasses grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis repens (natal redtop) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia aegyptia (hairy woodrose) | Present | Native | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia cissoides (roadside woodrose) | Present | Native and Introduced | | Greuter et al. (2016); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia tuberosa (woodrose) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia umbellata (hogvine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Colón and Almarales (1985) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mesosphaerum pectinatum (comb bushmint) | Present, Widespread | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013); Salgado (1978) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mikania micrantha (bitter vine) | Present | Native | | Queensland Government (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa diplotricha (giant sensitive plant) | Present | Native | | Barneby (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Uphoff (1924) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Holm et al. (1977); Pérez et al. (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock flower) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Momordica balsamina (common balsam apple) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Scholz (1988); Holm et al. (1997); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Mederos et al. (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moorochloa eruciformis (sweet signal grass) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Yong et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moringa oleifera (horse radish tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); NMNH (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Morus nigra (black mulberry) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry) | Present | Native | | Rodríguez Fuentes (2000); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murdannia nudiflora (doveweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murraya paniculata (orange jessamine) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myriophyllum pinnatum (cutleaf watermilfoil) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myroxylon balsamum (Peru balsam) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Neomarica caerulea (walking iris) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Neonotonia wightii (perennial soybean) | Present | Introduced | | Monzote and Garcia (1990) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nerium oleander (oleander) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicotiana plumbaginifolia (Tex-Mex tobacco) | Present | Native and Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nopalea cochenillifera (cochineal cactus) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nymphaea ampla (dot-leaf water-lily) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ocimum gratissimum (African basil) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ocimum tenuiflorum (holy basil) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Govaerts (2014); Piloto-Sardiñas et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Odontonema callistachyum (purple firespike) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Odontonema cuspidatum (Cardinal’s guard) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Odontonema nitidum (shrubby toothedthread) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Odontonema tubaeforme | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oeceoclades maculata (monk orchid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia lancifolia (calycose mille graines) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Missouri Botanical Garden (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia stricta (erect prickly pear) | Present | | | Hernández and Emmel (1993); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015); USDA-ARS (2018); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Orobanche aegyptiaca (Egyptian broomrape) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Orobanche ramosa (branched broomrape) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); Labrada (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991); Acuna (1974) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pachira aquatica (pachira nut) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pachira insignis (wild chestnut) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pachystachys coccinea (Cardinal's guard) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Panicum repens (torpedo grass) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parkinsonia aculeata (Mexican palo-verde) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parmentiera aculeata (cucumber tree) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parthenium hysterophorus (parthenium weed) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1991); Navie et al. (1996); Evans (1997); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Missouri Botanical Garden (2018); Piloto-Sardiñas et al. (2018); USDA-ARS (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalidium geminatum (Egyptian paspalidium) | Present, Localized | Native | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012); Fraga and Quesada (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum densum (dense crowngrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum dilatatum (dallisgrass) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum distichum (knotgrass) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Labrada (1975); Chase (1929); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum millegrana (yerba brava) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass) | Present | | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum paniculatum (Russell River grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum urvillei (Vasey grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Catasús Guerra (2015); Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum virgatum (sword grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); GRIIS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora edulis (passionfruit) | Present | Introduced | | Killip (1938); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower) | Present | Native | | Killip (1938); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora suberosa (corkystem passionflower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pastinaca sativa (parsnip) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum polystachion (mission grass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Persicaria punctata (dotted smartweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Petiveria alliacea (guinea hen weed) | Present | Native | | Acuna (1974); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phaius tankervilleae (nun’s-hood orchid) | Present | Introduced | | eMonocot (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Martínez de la Parte et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phyllostachys aurea (golden bamboo) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); USDA-APHIS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phyllostachys flexuosa (drooping timber bamboo) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phyllostachys reticulata (giant timber bamboo) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis angulata (cutleaf groundcherry) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pimenta dioica (allspice) | Present | Native | | Seidemann (2005); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pimenta racemosa (bay rum tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus elliottii (slash pine) | Present | Introduced | | Berrios et al. (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus oocarpa (ocote pine) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Piper aduncum (spiked pepper) | Present | Native | | Starr et al. (2003); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Piper auritum | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012); USDA-ARS (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pithecellobium dulce (Manila tamarind) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | McVaugh (1987); Parrotta (1991); AFFA (2000); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pittosporum undulatum (Australian cheesewood) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plantago lanceolata (ribwort plantain) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plantago major (broad-leaved plantain) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plectranthus amboinicus (Indian borage) | Present | | | Lukhoba et al. (2006); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pluchea carolinensis (sourbush) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Poa annua (annual meadowgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pontederia cordata (pickerel weed) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca oleracea (purslane) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Liogier (1983); Piloto-Sardiñas et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca pilosa (kiss-me-quick) | Present | Native | | Alain and Leon (1951); Acevedo-Rodriguez and Strong (2015); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca quadrifida (chickenweed) | Present | | | Wagner and Lorence (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prosopis glandulosa (honey mesquite) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Johnston (1962) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prosopis juliflora (mesquite) | Present, Planted | | | Johnston (1962); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pseudelephantopus spicatus (false elephant’s foot) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); USDA-ARS (2017); Missouri Botanical Garden (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava) | Present, Widespread, Planted | Introduced | | Cuadra and Quincosa (1982); Pino et al. (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium guajava (guava) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); World Agroforestry Centre (2002); USDA-ARS (2012); FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pterocarpus indicus (red sandalwood) | Present | Introduced | | Thomson (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pterocarpus macrocarpus (Burma padauk) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Kairo et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ptychosperma elegans (solitaire palm) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ptychosperma macarthurii (Macarthur palm) | Present | Introduced | | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pueraria phaseoloides (tropical kudzu) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pyracantha coccinea (scarlet firethorn) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rauvolfia caffra (quinine tree ) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Reutealis trisperma (Philippine tung) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ricinus communis (castor bean) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rivina humilis (bloodberry) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Gutiérrez and González (1993); Millhollon and Burner (1993); Valverde et al. (1999); Martínez and Morales (2004); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus niveus (Mysore raspberry) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus rosifolius (roseleaf raspberry) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ruellia macrophylla (large leaved ruellia) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ruellia simplex (Mexican petunia) | Present | Native and Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Russelia equisetiformis (firecracker plant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rytidostylis carthagenensis | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sagittaria graminea | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salix humboldtiana (pencil willow) | Present | Introduced | | Britton and Wilson (1924) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salvia coccinea (scarlet sage) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salvia occidentalis (West Indian sage) | Present | Native | | Smithsonian Institution (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Samanea saman (rain tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sambucus canadensis (American black elderberry) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sanchezia speciosa (shrubby whitevein) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sansevieria hyacinthoides (African bowstring hemp) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sansevieria trifasciata (mother-in-law’s tongue) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Scaevola taccada (beach naupaka) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schefflera actinophylla (umbrella tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian pepper tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Kairo et al. (2003); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schizolobium parahyba (Brazilian fern tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sechium edule (chayote) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senecio vulgaris | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna alata (candle bush) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Pérez Montesino et al. (2010); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Piloto-Sardiñas et al. (2018); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna hirsuta (hairy senna) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna multijuga (November shower) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna septemtrionalis (smooth senna) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna siamea (yellow cassia) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna spectabilis (whitebark senna) | Present | Introduced | | Irwin and Barneby (1982); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania cannabina (corkwood tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania grandiflora (sesbania) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania sericea (silky sesban) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania sesban (sesban) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria parviflora (knotroot foxtail) | Present | Native | Invasive | Labrada (1975) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria verticillata (bristly foxtail) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida acuta (sida) | Present | Native | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida linifolia (flaxleaf fanpetals) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida repens (Javanese fanpetals) | Present | Introduced | | Herrera Oliver (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum elaeagnifolium (silverleaf nightshade) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum erianthum (potato tree) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum mammosum (nipplefruit nightshade) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum mauritianum (tobacco tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum quitoense (naranjilla) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum seaforthianum (Brazilian nightshade) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum sisymbriifolium (sticky nightshade) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum torvum (turkey berry) | Present | | | Almaguel et al. (1984); Sánchez et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum tuberosum (potato) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solidago sempervirens (seaside goldenrod) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1991); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Díaz Medina et al. (2004); Kairo et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spathoglottis plicata (Philippine ground orchid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sphagneticola trilobata (wedelia) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sphenoclea zeylanica (wedgewort) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus indicus (rat tail grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus pyramidalis (giant rat’s tail grass) | Present | | | eMonocot (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus pyramidatus (whorled dropseed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Acevedo-Rodriguez and Strong (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus tenuissimus (tropical dropseed) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Catasús Guerra (1997); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta cayennensis (blue snakeweed) | Present, Few occurrences | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Jamaica vervain) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sterculia apetala (Panama tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); NMNH (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stictocardia tiliifolia (spottedheart) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (New York aster) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Synedrella nodiflora (synedrella) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syngonium podophyllum (arrowhead vine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syzygium cumini (black plum) | Present | Introduced | | Morton (1987); Kairo et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syzygium jambos (rose apple) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | Seifriz (1943) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tabebuia heterophylla (pink trumpet tree) | Present | | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tabebuia rosea (pink poui) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tagetes erecta (Mexican marigold) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tamarindus indica (tamarind) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion) | Present | Introduced | | León (1974) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tecoma capensis (Cape honeysuckle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tecoma stans (yellow bells) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tectona grandis (teak) | Present, Planted | | | Pérez et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tephrosia candida (white tephrosia) | Present | Introduced | | Kairo et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thalia geniculata (alligator flag) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Themeda arguens (Christmas grass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Themeda quadrivalvis (grader grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thespesia populnea (portia tree) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia alata (black eyed Susan) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia erecta (bush clockvine) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia fragrans (whitelady) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia grandiflora (Bengal trumpet) | Present | Introduced | | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thymophylla tenuiloba (Dahlberg daisy) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-NRCS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015); USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tithonia rotundifolia (red sunflower) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Toxicodendron succedaneum (wax tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trachypogon spicatus (spiked crinkleawn) | Present | | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia pallida (purple queen) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia spathacea (boat lily) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia zebrina (wandering jew) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tragus racemosus (stalker bur grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Catasús Guerra (2015); USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triadica sebifera (Chinese tallow tree) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tridax procumbens (coat buttons) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trimezia steyermarkii (yellow walking iris) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triphasia trifolia (limeberry) | Present | Introduced | | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triplaris americana (ant tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tripsacum dactyloides (eastern gamagrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tripsacum latifolium (wideleaf gamagrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triumfetta rhomboidea (diamond burbark) | Present | | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triumfetta semitriloba (burweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Turbina corymbosa (Christmas vine) | Present | Native and Introduced | | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Greuter et al. (2016); USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Turnera ulmifolia (West Indian holly) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha angustifolia (lesser bulrush) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha domingensis (southern cattail) | Present, Widespread | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urena lobata (caesar weed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urena sinuata (bur mallow) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa brizantha (palisadegrass) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa decumbens (signal grass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa mutica (para grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | González-Torres et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa platyphylla (broadleaf signalgrass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa reptans (sprawling signalgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vachellia macracantha (porknut) | Present | Native and Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vallisneria spiralis (eelweed) | Present | Introduced | | Lowden (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbena rigida (stiff verbena) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | UPRRP (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbesina encelioides (golden crownbeard) | Present | Introduced | | Feenstra and Clements (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vernicia fordii (tung-oil tree) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vigna marina (beach bean) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Viguiera dentata (sunflower goldeneye) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vitex agnus-castus (chaste tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vitex parviflora (molave) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vitex trifolia | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Xanthosoma sagittifolium (elephant ear) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Youngia japonica (oriental false hawksbeard) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto and González-Oliva (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Yucca aloifolia (Spanish bayonet) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zelkova serrata (Japanese selkova) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zingiber montanum (cassumunar ginger) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zingiber officinale (ginger) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); Hammer et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zingiber zerumbet (shampoo ginger) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zinnia peruviana (Peruvian zinnia) | Present | Introduced | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zoysia matrella (Manila grass) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Catasus Guerra (1997); eMonocot (2016) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Paramyxea | Marteilia refringens | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia bovis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Bonamia exitiosa | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Bonamia ostreae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Gymnodinium catenatum | Present | | | Leal et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Mikrocystos mackini | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Perkinsus marinus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Perkinsus olseni | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Toxoplasma gondii | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Tritrichomonas foetus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma equiperdum | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma evansi | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | African horse sickness virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | African swine fever virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Arterivirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | avian infectious bronchitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | avian metapneumovirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Avipoxvirus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Banana streak disease | Present | Native | Invasive | Diekmann and Putter (1996); Hernández et al. (2002) |
Virus | | | bluetongue virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | bovine herpesvirus 1 | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | bovine leukemia virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | bovine viral diarrhea virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | camelpox virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | caprine arthritis encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | classical swine fever virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | duck hepatitis A virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | eastern equine encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | equid herpesvirus 1 | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | equine arteritis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | equine infectious anaemia virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | equine influenzavirus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | foot-and-mouth disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | fowlpox virus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Gallid herpesvirus 2 | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Haliotid herpesvirus 1 | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | infectious bursal disease virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | infectious myonecrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | infectious salmon anemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | influenza A virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Japanese encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | lumpy skin disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Maize dwarf mosaic virus (dwarf mosaic of maize) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Virus | | | myxoma virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Nairobi sheep disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Newcastle disease virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Nipah virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Papaya ringspot virus | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2003); Mederos et al. (2015); Rodríguez-Martínez et al. (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Virus | | | peste des petits ruminants virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Potato spindle tuber viroid (spindle tuber of potato) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | rabies virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | red sea bream iridovirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Rift Valley fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | rinderpest virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | spring viraemia of carp virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Sugarcane mosaic virus (sugarcane mosaic) | Present | | | ISSCT (1989); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Suid herpesvirus 1 | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | swine vesicular disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Taura syndrome virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (leaf curl) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI (Undated); Herrera et al. (1999); Martínez Zubiaur et al. (2002); Quiñones et al. (2002); Martinez Zubiaur et al. (2004); Martinez Zubiaur et al. (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | transmissible gastroenteritis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | vesicular stomatitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | visna/maedi virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | West Nile virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | western equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | White spot syndrome virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |