| | | yellow head virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Clavibacter michiganensis (bacterial canker of tomato) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Clavibacter sepedonicus (potato ring rot) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Mycobacterium bovis | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Bacteroidetes | Paenibacillus larvae | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2009); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Bacillus anthracis | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris (yellow disease phytoplasmas) | Present | | | Villalobos et al. (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium | Present | | | Villalobos et al. (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Melissococcus plutonius | Present | | | Calderón and Sánchez (2011); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma gallisepticum | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) type | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma synoviae | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Acidovorax citrulli (fruit blotch) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2011); Mora-Umaña and Araya (2002); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Anaplasma marginale | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella abortus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella ovis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella suis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Hepatobacter penaei | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Asian greening) | Present, Localized | | | FAO (2011); Molina-Bravo et al. (2015); CABI/EPPO (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | citrus huanglongbing (greening) disease (citrus greening) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Coxiella burnetii | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ehrlichia ruminantium | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Francisella tularensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pasteurella multocida | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 (bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 (moko disease) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2021) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella Abortusequi | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella abortusovis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella gallinarum | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella pullorum | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Taylorella equigenitalis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (bean blight) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas citri (citrus canker) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xenohaliotis californiensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xylella fastidiosa (Pierce's disease of grapevines) | Present | | | Goheen et al. (1979); Rodríguez et al. (2001); Aguilar et al. (2005); Wickert et al. (2007); Montero-Astúa et al. (2008); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Aphanomyces astaci | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Aphanomyces invadans | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora cinnamomi (Phytophthora dieback) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora infestans (Phytophthora blight) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1982); Knapova and Gisi (2002) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Plasmopara viticola (grapevine downy mildew) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Ceratocystis fimbriata (Ceratocystis blight) | Present, Localized | Native | | Martin (1949); Echandi and Segall (1956); Siller (1958); Webster and Butler (1967); Engelbrecht and Harrington (2005); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Colletotrichum acutatum (black spot of strawberry) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2010) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Panama disease of banana) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Fourie et al. (2009); Dita et al. (2010); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Guignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella dearnessii (brown spot needle blight) | Present | | | Evans (1984); CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Stover (1980); Mourichon and Fullerton (1990); CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella gibsonii (needle blight of pine) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1994) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella pini (Dothistroma blight) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2010) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Phomopsis vexans (Phomopsis blight of eggplant) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2008) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Pseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Pseudocercospora ulei (South American leaf blight of rubber (SALB)) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Stevenson (1935); UK, CAB International (1990); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Seiridium cardinale (cypress canker) | Present | Introduced | | Arguedas Gamboa (1996); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Trichoconiella padwickii (stackburn disease) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Alizaga et al. (1983); UK, CAB International (1984) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust) | Present | | | Stéfano et al. (1998); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Moniliophthora roreri (frosty pod rot) | Present | | Invasive | Enriquez and Suarez (1978); CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phakopsora euvitis (grape rust fungus) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2007) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soyabean rust) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); Murillo-Williams et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phellinus noxius (brown tea root disease) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1997) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia graminis (stem rust of cereals) | Present, Few occurrences | | | Muller (1953) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia kuehnii (orange rust) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); Chavarría et al. (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) | Present, Widespread | | | Puschendorf et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Acarapis woodi (honeybee mite) | Present | | | OIE (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aceria guerreronis (coconut mite) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Acromyrmex octospinosus (leaf cutting ant) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aethina tumida | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Agrius cingulatus (pink-spotted hawkmoth) | Present | | | Schotman (1989) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurocanthus woglumi (citrus blackfly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Mound and Halsey (1978); Elizondo and Quezada (1990); UK, CAB International (1995) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurodicus dispersus (whitefly) | Present | | | Laprade Coto (2005); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); NHM (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurotrachelus atratus (palm-infesting whitefly) | Present | Introduced | | Evans (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Amphibalanus improvisus (bay barnacle) | Present | | Invasive | Henry and McLaughlin (1975) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anartia fatima | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha fraterculus (South American fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Stone (1942); Jirón et al. (1988); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha ludens (Mexican fruit fly) | Present, Localized | | | Stone (1942); UK, CAB International (1958); Jirón et al. (1988); Epsky (2003); Ruiz-Arce et al. (2015); Scally et al. (2016); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha obliqua (West Indian fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Jiron and Hedström (1988); Jirón et al. (1988); CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha serpentina (sapodilla fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Greene (1934); Stone (1942); Jiron and Hedström (1988); Jirón and Hedström (1991); CABI and EPPO (2001); Epsky (2003); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha striata (guava fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Stone (1942); Jiron and Hedström (1988); Steck et al. (1990); CABI and EPPO (2002); Epsky (2003); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anthonomus grandis (Mexican cotton boll weevil) | Present | | | Johnson et al. (1973); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidiella aurantii (red scale) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1968); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1969); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Apis mellifera | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Apis mellifera scutellata (africanized bee) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); Nielsen et al. (2000); Wojcik (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Artemia (brine shrimp) | Present | Native | | Van (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aulacaspis yasumatsui (cycad aulacaspis scale) | Present | | | Muniappan et al. (2012); IPPC (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly) | Present, Localized | | | Costa et al. (1993); CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (MEAM1) (silverleaf whitefly) | Present | | | de Barro (1995); CABI and EPPO (1999); Pongtharin Lotrakul et al. (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (MED) (silverleaf whitefly) | Present | | | Guevara-Coto et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Blattella germanica (German cockroach) | Present | Introduced | | Vargas V. and Fisk (1973) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Boophilus microplus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Brevipalpus phoenicis (false spider mite) | Present | | | Aguilar-Piedra and Solano-Guevara (2020); Rodrigues et al. (2002); Aguilar and Murillo (2012); CABI/EPPO (2013); Beard et al. (2015); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Callinectes sapidus (blue crab) | Present | Native | | Tavares (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Enkerlin et al. (1989); Gasparich et al. (1997); Davies et al. (1999); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus aonidum (circular scale) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1969) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screw-worm) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm) | Absent, Eradicated | | | Wyss (2000); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Crocidosema plebejana (cotton tipworm) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cryptotermes brevis (powderpost termite) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Snyder (1934) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Heinemann and Belkin (1977) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (western corn rootworm) | Present | Native | | CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dialeurodes citri (citrus whitefly) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2011); Villalobos et al. (2005); Molina-Bravo et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022); Hauser (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1972); Ben-Dov (1994); Miranda Vindas and Blanco Metzler (2013); Palma-Jiménez and Blanco-Meneses (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus neobrevipes (grey pineapple mealybug) | Present | | | García Morales et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Epitrix tuberis (tuber flea beetle) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1975) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Euwallacea perbrevis (tea shot-hole borer) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (2013); Kirkendall and Ødegaard (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ferrisia virgata (striped mealybug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966); Ben-Dov (1994); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) | Present | | | Nakahara (1997); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Geococcus coffeae (coffee root mealybug) | Present | | | Williams and Granara de Willink (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Greenidea ficicola | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gymnandrosoma aurantianum (citrus fruit borer) | Present | | | Adamski and Brown (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gynaikothrips ficorum (Cuban laurel thrips) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Haplaxius crudus (American palm cixiid) | Present | Native | | Kramer (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Harmonia axyridis (harlequin ladybird) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Heilipus lauri (avocado seed weevil) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Helicoverpa zea (American cotton bollworm) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hemiberlesia lataniae (latania scale) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hemiberlesia rapax (greedy scale (USA)) | Present | | | Schotman (1989) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hypsipyla grandella (mahogany shoot borer) | Present | | | Taveras et al. (2004); Cornelius (2001); Navarro and Hernández (2004); The International Barcode of Life Consortium (2016); CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Insignorthezia insignis (greenhouse orthezia) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1957) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle) | Absent, Formerly present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Leptoglossus occidentalis (western conifer-seed bug) | Present | Introduced | | van der Heyden (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza huidobrensis (serpentine leafminer) | Present | Introduced | | Spencer (1983); CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza sativae (vegetable leaf miner) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Litopenaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | IPPC (2014); CABI and EPPO (2015); IPPC (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Macrobrachium rosenbergii (giant freshwater prawn) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); New (2000) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Megaplatypus mutatus | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Monomorium pharaonis (pharaoh ant) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Mononychellus tanajoa (cassava green mite) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Mythimna unipuncta (rice armyworm) | Present | Native | | UK, CAB International (1967) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) | Present | | | Smith and Cermeli (1979); UK, CAB International (1979); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Neoleucinodes elegantalis (eggplant stem borer) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nezara viridula (green stink bug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1970) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nipaecoccus nipae (spiked mealybug) | Present | | | Ben-Dov (1994); CABI and EPPO (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Opogona sacchari (banana moth) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paracoccus marginatus (papaya mealybug) | Present | Native | | Williams and Granara de Willink (1992); Miller et al. (1999); CABI/EPPO (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paratrechina longicornis (crazy ant) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pheidole megacephala (big-headed ant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Kempf (1972) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phthorimaea absoluta (tomato leafminer) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | CABI and EPPO (2013); Lobos et al. (2013); IPPC (2014); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phthorimaea operculella (potato tuber moth) | Present, Widespread | | | Hilje (1994); CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phyllocnistis citrella (citrus leaf miner) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1986); Elizondo Solís (2002); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) | Present, Widespread | | | UK, CAB International (1967) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Polyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mite) | Present | | | Aguilar-Piedra and Solano-Guevara (2020); Aguilar and Murillo (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crayfish) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Prostephanus truncatus (larger grain borer) | Present | Native | | Hodges (1986); UK, CAB International (1995); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (mulberry scale) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudococcus elisae (banana mealybug) | Present | | | Gimpel and Miller (1996); Beardsley (1986); Williams and Granara de Willink (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudococcus viburni (obscure mealybug) | Present | | | Gimpel and Miller (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhagoletis pomonella (apple maggot) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhynchophorus palmarum (South American palm weevil) | Present | | | Wattanapongsiri (1966); Chinchilla and Oehlschlager (1992); Chinchilla and Oehlschlager (1993); Oehlschlager et al. (2002); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Saissetia oleae (olive scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1952) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Schistocerca nitens (gray bird grasshopper) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Rowell (1998) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Scyphophorus acupunctatus (agave weevil) | Present | | | O'Brien and Wibmer (1982); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sepedomerus macropus (liverfluke snail predator fly) | Present | | | Neff and Berg (1966) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Solenopsis geminata (tropical fire ant) | Present | Native | | Perfecto and Vandermeer (1996); ISSG (2009); Gotzek et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Solenopsis invicta (red imported fire ant) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera eridania (southern armyworm) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Carballo and Saunders (1990); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant) | Present | Introduced | | Shepard and Gibson (1972) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tecia solanivora (potato tuber moth) | Present | | | Povolny (1973); Barroso (1974); CABI and EPPO (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) | Present | | | Aguilar and Murillo (2012); International Institute of Entomology (1996) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Thrips palmi (melon thrips) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tibraca limbativentris (stinkbug) | Present | | | Schotman (1989); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid) | Present, Localized | | | Lastra et al. (1991); CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trialeurodes vaporariorum (whitefly, greenhouse) | Present | | | Alpizar (1993); Castro et al. (2009); Vargas et al. (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tropilaelaps | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Unaspis citri (citrus snow scale) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Varroa destructor (Varroa mite) | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Wasmannia auropunctata (little fire ant) | Present | Native | Invasive | ISSG (2014); Wetterer and Porter (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus volvulus | Present | Native | | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Asian ambrosia beetle) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus morigerus (brown twig beetle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Wood and Bright (1992); Jordal and Kirkendall (1998); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Amatitlania nigrofasciata (convict cichlid) | Present, Widespread | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Anolis cristatellus (Puerto Rican crested anole) | Present | Introduced | | Fitch (1975); Savage (2002); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Aristichthys nobilis (bighead carp) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); FishBase (2004); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Belonesox belizanus (pike killifish) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Bussing (1998) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Boa imperator (Central American Boa) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Hynková et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bos taurus (cattle) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Canis latrans (Coyote) | Present | Native | Invasive | IUCN (2012); Cove et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Carassius auratus auratus (goldfish) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Columba livia (pigeons) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) | Absent | | | Shireman and Smith (1983); Welcomme (1988); Froese and Pauly (2004); Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ctenosaura similis (black spiny-tailed iguana) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cyprinus carpio (common carp) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); Lever (1998) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Didelphis marsupialis (common opossum) | Present, Widespread | Native | | IUCN (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hemidactylus frenatus (common house gecko) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Kronauer (1999); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Herpestes auropunctatus (small Indian mongoose) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | ISSG (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2004); FishBase (2005); Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Cam (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Iguana iguana (iguana) | Present | Native | | Leenders (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Bussing (1998) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Molothrus bonariensis (shiny cowbird) | Present | | | Avibase (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Mylopharyngodon piceus (black amur) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Bussing (1998); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis aureus (blue tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); FAO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Pullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); Pullin et al. (1997); FAO (2002); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Osteopilus septentrionalis (Cuban treefrog) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Somma et al. (2018); IUCN (2017); Seebens et al. (2017); Frost (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Passer domesticus (house sparrow) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Poecilia reticulata (guppy) | Present | Introduced | | Bussing (1998); Froese and Pauly (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Procyon lotor (raccoon) | Present | Native | | Goldman (1950) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pterois volitans (lionfish) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Schofield (2009); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rachycentron canadum (cobia) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rana catesbeiana (American bullfrog) | Present | Introduced | | Santos-Barrera et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rhinella marina (cane toad) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Trachemys scripta elegans (red-eared slider) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tyto alba (Barn owl) | Present | Native | | Bruce (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Cnidaria | Tubastraea coccinea (orange-cup coral) | Present | | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Echinodermata | Acanthaster planci (crown-of-thorns starfish) | Present | | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Achatina fulica (giant African land snail) | Present, Transient under eradication | | | IPPC (2021); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Crassostrea virginica (eastern oyster) | Present, Localized | Native | | FIGIS (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Deroceras invadens (tramp slug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Deroceras laeve (meadow slug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Hutchinson et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Magallana gigas (Pacific oyster) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Zuniga et al. (1998); Arias et al. (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Marisa cornuarietis (giant ramshorn) | Present | Native | | Taylor (1993); Simone (2006); Cowie and Hayes (2012); Horgan et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pinctada imbricata radiata (rayed pearl oyster) | Present | Native | | Leal (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Belonolaimus longicaudatus (sting nematode) | Present | | | Lopez (1979); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Ditylenchus dipsaci (stem and bulb nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Globodera pallida (white potato cyst nematode) | Present, Localized | | | IPPC (2008); Obando Vergara et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Globodera rostochiensis (yellow potato cyst nematode) | Absent, Formerly present | | | CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Helicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode) | Present | | | Sher (1966); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode) | Present | | | Lopez (1984); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne enterolobii (Pacara earpod tree root-knot nematode) | Present | | | Hernandez et al. (2004); Tigano et al. (2010); Humphreys et al. (2012); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne hapla (root knot nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2002); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | López (1985); Sosa Moss (1985); CABI and EPPO (2002); Villain et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm) | Present, Widespread | | | Sosa Moss (1985); CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Pratylenchus coffeae (banana root nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI and EPPO (2000); Herve et al. (2005); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); Elbadri et al. (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus (red ring nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Tidman (1951); CABI and EPPO (1999); Oehlschlager et al. (2002); Ye et al. (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Scutellonema bradys (yam nematode) | Present | | | Humphreys-Pereira et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Tylenchulus semipenetrans (citrus root nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus granulosus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus multilocularis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Gyrodactylus salaris | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila abortus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila psittaci | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Adiantum raddianum (delta maidenhair fern) | Present | Native | | Lellinger (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Angiopteris evecta (king fern) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Christenhusz and Toivonen (2008); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Azolla filiculoides (water fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Blechnum appendiculatum (palm fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Ceratopteris thalictroides (watersprite) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Christella dentata (soft fern) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Macrothelypteris torresiana (swordfern) | Present | Introduced | | Flora Mesoamericana (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Nephrolepis brownii (Asian swordfern) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteridium aquilinum (bracken) | Present | Native | | Thomson and Alonso-Amelot (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris tripartita (giant brake) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia auriculata (giant salvinia) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia minima | Present | | | GBIF (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Thelypteris opulenta (jewelled maiden fern) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Rojas-Alvarado (2011); Smith (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Acanthophora spicifera | Present | Native | | Taylor (1960) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Hypnea musciformis | Present | Native | | Taylor (1960) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abelmoschus moschatus (musk mallow) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Fryxell (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon hirtum (Indian mallow) | Present | Introduced | | Achigan-Dako (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia angustissima (prairie acacia) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia auriculiformis (northern black wattle) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia dealbata (acacia bernier) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia farnesiana (huisache) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mangium (brown salwood) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthocereus tetragonus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthospermum hispidum (bristly starbur) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Achillea millefolium (yarrow) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Achyranthes aspera (devil's horsewhip) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aeschynomene americana (shyleaf) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave americana (century plant) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave fourcroydes (henequen) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave sisalana (sisal hemp) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave vivipara (Caribbean agave) | Present | Native | | García-Mendoza and Chiang (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum houstonianum (Blue billygoatweed) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agrostis avenacea (Pacific bent grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aira caryophyllea (silver hairgrass) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia adinocephala (cream albizia) | Present | Native | | Chavarría et al. (1998); ILDIS (2005); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia niopoides (silk tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aleurites moluccanus (candlenut tree) | Present | Introduced | | Burger and Huft (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Allamanda cathartica (yellow allamanda) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Allium neapolitanum (False onion weed) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alocasia cucullata (Chinese taro) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alocasia macrorrhizos (giant taro) | Present | Introduced | | Hammel et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aloe vera (true aloe) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alpinia purpurata (red ginger) | Present | Introduced | | Hammel et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alysicarpus vaginalis (alyce clover) | Present | | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus hybridus (smooth pigweed) | Present | | | Salas (1985) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth) | Present | Native | | Davidse et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Andropogon glomeratus (bushy bluestem) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Andropogon virginicus (broomsedge) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona cherimola (cherimoya) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Randall (2012); Flora Mesoamericana (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona glabra (pond apple) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona muricata (soursop) | Present | | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona reticulata (bullock's heart) | Present | | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona squamosa (sugar apple) | Present | Introduced | | USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009); Randall (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Anredera cordifolia (Madeira vine) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Antigonon leptopus (coral vine) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Boucher and Nishida (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristida ternipes (spidergrass) | Present | Native | | Hammel et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristolochia ringens (Dutchman’s pipe) | Present | | | Flora Mesoamericana (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arthraxon hispidus (small carpetgrass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-NRCS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arundo donax (giant reed) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2007); Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asclepias curassavica (bloodflower) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | Islam (1979); Wyatt (1980); Holm et al. (1997); Wyatt and Broyles (1997); USDA-ARS (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus densiflorus (asparagus fern) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus setaceus (asparagus fern) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Averrhoa bilimbi (bilimbi) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Axonopus compressus (carpet grass) | Present | | | Vargas et al. (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Axonopus fissifolius | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Azadirachta indica (neem tree) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | INBio (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bacopa monnieri (water hyssop) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa bambos (giant thorny bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa longispiculata (mahal bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa tuldoides (punting pole bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia monandra (Napoleon's plume) | Present | Introduced | | Holdridge and Poveda (1975) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia purpurea (purple bauhinia) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Begonia nelumbiifolia (lilypad begonia) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bidens pilosa (blackjack) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bixa orellana (annatto) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bocconia frutescens (plume poppy) | Present, Widespread | Native | | CABI (Undated); Gargiullo et al. (2008); Boucher and Nishida (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia coccinea (scarlet spiderling) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Borreria latifolia (broadleaf buttonweed) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa ischaemum (yellow bluestem) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa pertusa (pitted beard grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bougainvillea spectabilis (great bougainvillea) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brachypodium sylvaticum (slender false brome) | Absent, Intercepted only | | | Hammel et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica juncea (mustard) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica rapa (field mustard) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (turnip rape) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Breynia disticha (snowbush) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bromelia pinguin (wild pineapple) | Present | Native | | Zuchowski (2007); Woodley and Janzen (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brugmansia candida (angel's trumpet) | Present | Introduced | | Chavarría et al. (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brugmansia suaveolens (white angel's trumpet) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014); PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caladium bicolor (heart of Jesus) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calceolaria tripartita | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calliandra houstoniana (calliandra) | Present | Native | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calliandra houstoniana var. calothyrsus (calliandra) | Present | Native | | Zamora (2010); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Callisia repens (creeping inch-plant) | Present | Native | | Hammel et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calopogonium caeruleum (jicama) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calotropis procera (apple of sodom) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Randall (2012); Flora Mesoamericana (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) | Present | Introduced | | Sauer (1964); New York Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canna indica (canna lilly) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canna x generalis (canna lily) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Capsicum annuum (bell pepper) | Present | | | FAO (2009); Vargas et al. (2011); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Capsicum baccatum (pepper) | Present | Introduced | | Eshbaugh (1970) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardamine flexuosa (wavy bittercress) | Present | Introduced | | GRIIS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardiospermum grandiflorum (balloon vine) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); PIER (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine) | Present | Native | | Morales Quirós (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Carludovica palmata (Panama hat plant) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cascabela thevetia (yellow oleander) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia grandis (pink shower) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia javanica (pink shower) | Present | Introduced | | Zamora (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Castilla elastica (Mexican rubber tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); PIER (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina cunninghamiana (Australian beefwood) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina glauca (scaly oak (Australia)) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012); Villalobos et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cecropia peltata (trumpet tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar) | Present, Planted | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2012); Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus echinatus (southern sandbur) | Present, Few occurrences | | | Soto A. et al. (1986); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cestrum aurantiacum (orange cestrum) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cestrum nocturnum (night jessamine) | Present | | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chamaecrista nictitans (sensitive partridge pea) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013); Gargiullo et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cheilocostus speciosus (crepe ginger ) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris radiata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris virgata (feather finger grass) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | | Lobo Cabezas (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) | Present | Native | | Gautier (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cinchona pubescens (quinine tree) | Present | Native | | Standley and Williams (1975) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cinnamomum camphora (camphor laurel) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cirsium mexicanum (Mexican thistle) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cirsium vulgare (spear thistle) | Present | Introduced | | Forcella and Randall (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cissus verticillata (possum grape vine) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantiifolia (lime) | Present | | | FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantium (sour orange) | Present | | | FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome viscosa (Asian spiderflower) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Cochrane and Iltis (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum chinense (Chinese glory bower) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum paniculatum (pagoda flower) | Present | Introduced | | Rueda (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum thomsoniae (bleeding glory bower) | Present | | | Rueda (1993); Flora Mesoamericana (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum wallichii (Wallich's glorybower) | Present | Introduced | | Rueda (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clidemia hirta (Koster's curse) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2004); Missouri Botanical Garden (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clitoria ternatea (butterfly-pea) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clusia rosea | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cocos nucifera (coconut) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Davidse et al. (1994); IABIN (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Colocasia esculenta (taro) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina diffusa (spreading dayflower) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1977); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conium maculatum (poison hemlock) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2015); USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2004); USDA-ARS (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza sumatrensis (tall fleabane) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cordia alliodora (Ecuador laurel) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cortaderia selloana (pampas grass) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Corymbia citriodora (lemon-scented gum) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cosmos caudatus (wild cosmos) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cosmos sulphureus (sulphur cosmos) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2016); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crassocephalum crepidioides (redflower ragleaf) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora (montbretia) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria maypurensis (rattlebox weed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria retusa (rattleweed) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria spectabilis (showy rattlepod) | Present | Introduced | | Zamora (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Croton argenteus (silver July croton) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cryptostegia madagascariensis (Madagascar rubbervine) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cucumis anguria (West Indian gherkin) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuphea carthagenensis (Colombian waxweed) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuphea hyssopifolia (false heather) | Present | Native | | Flora, Mesoamericana (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyanthillium cinereum (little ironweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyathula prostrata (pasture weed) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyclanthera pedata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011); Hord et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) | Present | Introduced | | Zuloaga et al. (2003); Pohl (1980) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); Salazar et al. (2013); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon nlemfuensis (African Bermuda-grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus aggregatus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus compressus (annual sedge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge) | Present | Introduced | | Gómez-Laurito (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus imbricatus (shingle flatsedge) | Present | Native | | Hammel et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus papyrus (papyrus) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Gómez-Laurito (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012); MOBOT (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura stramonium (jimsonweed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Delairea odorata (Cape ivy) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Delonix regia (flamboyant) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Desmodium incanum (creeping beggerweed) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium annulatum (Kleberg's bluestem) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium aristatum (angelton bluestem) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dieffenbachia seguine (dumb cane) | Present | Native | | HEAR (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria bicornis (Asian crabgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Vega and Rúgolo de Agrasar (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria eriantha (pangola grass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); PIER (2016); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria insularis (sourgrass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria velutina (velvet fingergrass) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Diodia teres (poorjoe) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea alata (white yam) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012); FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato) | Present | Introduced | | Hammel et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea cayenensis (Guinea yam) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dolichandra unguis-cati (cat's claw creeper) | Present | Native | | Ulloa (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dombeya wallichii (pink ball) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dracaena fragrans (corn plant) | Present | Introduced | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Drymaria cordata (tropical chickweed) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1991); Blanco and Hilje (1995); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010); USDA-ARS (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Duranta erecta (golden dewdrop) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dysphania ambrosioides (Mexican tea) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa colona (junglerice) | Present | | | Soto A. et al. (1986); Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) | Present | Introduced | | Morales (2003); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa crus-pavonis (gulf cockspur grass) | Present | Native | | Tropicos (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa pyramidalis | Present | Introduced | | Zuloaga and Morrone (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinodorus grisebachii | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eclipta prostrata (eclipta) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Egeria densa (leafy elodea) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia azurea (anchored water hyacinth) | Present | Native | | UK, Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew) (2009); USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009); USDA-ARS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) | Present | | | Gopal (1987); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elaeagnus umbellata (autumn olive) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Christenhusz (2009); CABI (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm) | Present | | | FAO (2009); Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elephantopus mollis (elephant's foot) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eleusine indica (goose grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elodea canadensis (Canadian pondweed) | Present | Introduced | | Gomez (1984) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia coccinea (scarlet tasselflower) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia fosbergii (Florida tassel-flower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón E and Saborío (2003); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Entada gigas (sea-bean) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Epiphyllum oxypetalum (dutchman's-pipe cactus) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis ciliaris (gophertail lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erechtites hieraciifolius (American burnweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erechtites valerianifolius (tropical burnweed) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eremochloa ophiuroides (centipedegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erigeron karvinskianus (Karwinsky’s fleabane) | Present | Introduced | | Pruski (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Naturalized | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erythrina berteroana (coralbean) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erythrina poeppigiana (coral tree) | Present, Planted | | | Saborío-R et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Etlingera elatior (torch ginger) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus globulus (Tasmanian blue gum) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eugenia uniflora (Surinam cherry) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia hypericifolia (graceful spurge) | Present | Native | | PIER (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia leucocephala (white Christmas bush) | Present | | | van Veldhuisen (2006); Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia tithymaloides (devil's backbone) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia umbellata (African milk bush) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Burger and Huft (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fallopia baldschuanica (Russian vine) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus benjamina (weeping fig) | Present | | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus pumila (creeping fig) | Present | Introduced | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus religiosa (sacred fig tree) | Present | | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flacourtia indica (governor's plum) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia strobilifera (wild hops) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013); Flora Mesoamericana (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fraxinus uhdei (tropical ash) | Present, Planted | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Furcraea foetida (Mauritius hemp) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier) | Present | Native | | Davidse et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galinsoga quadriradiata (shaggy soldier) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Garcia nutans (false tung oil tree) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2002); WAC (2005); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gmelina arborea (candahar) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphocarpus physocarpus (balloon cotton bush) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphrena globosa (globe amaranth) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | IABIN (2008); USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphrena serrata (arrasa con todo) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Grevillea robusta (silky oak) | Present | Introduced | | Morales (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hedychium coccineum (scarlet ginger lily) | Present | Introduced | | Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hedychium coronarium (white butterfly ginger lily) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Vargas (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliocarpus americanus (white moho) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Lay (1949); USDA-ARS (2012); Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliocarpus donnellsmithii (majagua) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium curassavicum (salt heliotrope) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium indicum (Indian heliotrope) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hemerocallis fulva (tawny daylily) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heterotis rotundifolia (pink lady) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Davidse et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hevea brasiliensis (rubber) | Present | | | FAO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hura crepitans (sand box) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla) | Present | Introduced | | Rojas and Agüero (1996); Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hydrocotyle ranunculoides (floating pennywort) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2004); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hylocereus undatus (dragon fruit) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hymenachne amplexicaulis (hymenachne) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hypochaeris radicata (cat's ear) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-NRCS (2013); PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis brevipes (lesser roundweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis spicigera (black sesame) | Present | | | Roskov et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis suaveolens (pignut) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012); GRIIS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Impatiens walleriana (busy lizzy) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón E and Saborío G (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera hirsuta (hairy indigo) | Present | Introduced | | PIER (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera suffruticosa (Anil indigo) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera trita (Asian indigo) | Present | | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Inga punctata (ice cream bean tree) | Present, Widespread | Native | | IUCN (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea alba (white moonflower ) | Present | Native | | Staples (2017); Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea aquatica (swamp morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | | Snyder et al. (1981); Nahlik and Mitsch (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morning glory) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea carnea | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (bush morning glory) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea hederifolia (scarlet-creeper ) | Present | Native | | Staples (2016); Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea imperati | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea indica (ocean blue morning-glory) | Present | | | Staples (2017); USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea nil (white edge morning-glory) | Present | Native | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea purpurea (tall morning glory) | Present | Native | | Davidse et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea quamoclit (cypress vine) | Present | | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012); Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea triloba (three-lobe morning glory) | Present, Localized | | | Ordetx (1949); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ixora casei (giant red ixora) | Present | Introduced | | Flora Mesoamericana (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jacaranda mimosifolia (jacaranda) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum fluminense (Brazilian jasmine) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum multiflorum (star jasmine) | Present | Introduced | | Green (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha curcas (jatropha) | Present, Planted | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Ocampo and Balick (2009); USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Juncus effusus (common rush) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Balslev (1996); Kirschner (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Juncus tenuis (slender rush) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Justicia pectoralis (freshcut) | Present | Native | | Durkee (1986) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe delagoensis (chandelier plant) | Present | Introduced | | Morales (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe pinnata (cathedral bells) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagerstroemia indica (Indian crape myrtle) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagerstroemia speciosa (Pride of India) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lantana camara (lantana) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Schemske (1983) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Laportea aestuans | Present | | | Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lawsonia inermis (Egyptian privet) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Davidse et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leersia hexandra (southern cut grass) | Present | | | Pyrah (1969) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna perpusilla (duckweed) | Present | | | GBIF (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonotis nepetifolia (Christmas candlestick) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2012); GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonurus japonicus (honeyweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lepidium virginicum (Virginian peppercress) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa fusca (sprangletop) | Present | Native | | WCSP (2018); PIER (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa mucronata (mucronate sprangletop ) | Present | Native | | eMonocot (2016); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); PIER (2016); Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ligustrum lucidum (broad-leaf privet) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Limnobium laevigatum (South American spongeplant) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Limnocharis flava (yellow bur-head) | Present | Native | | Ingold (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lindernia crustacea (Malaysian false pimpernel) | Present | | | Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Livistona chinensis (Chinese fan palm) | Present | Introduced | | Holdridge and Poveda (1975) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia grandiflora (water primrose) | Present | | | GBIF (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia palustris (marsh seedbox) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia peploides (water primrose) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Luffa acutangula (angled luffa) | Present | | | Encyclopedia of Life (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Luffa aegyptiaca (loofah) | Present | | | Zipcode Zoo (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro) | Present | Native | | Flora Mesoamericana (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Malvaviscus arboreus (wax mallow) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Malvaviscus penduliflorus (Turk's cap mallow) | Present | Introduced | | Flora Mesoamericana (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mangifera indica (mango) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Manilkara zapota (sapodilla) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Maranta arundinacea (arrowroot) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Medicago polymorpha (bur clover) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melia azedarach (Chinaberry) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melicoccus bijugatus (Spanish lime) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis minutiflora (molasses grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated); Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis repens (natal redtop) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia aegyptia (hairy woodrose) | Present | Native | | Austin et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia cissoides (roadside woodrose) | Present | Native | | Austin et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia tuberosa (woodrose) | Present | Native | | Hammel (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mesosphaerum pectinatum (comb bushmint) | Present, Widespread | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Miconia calvescens (miconia) | Present, Localized | Native | | Meyer (1994); Alves et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Microstegium vimineum (Nepalese browntop) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | Invasive | Bien et al. (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mikania micrantha (bitter vine) | Present | Native | | Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010); PIER (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa diplotricha (giant sensitive plant) | Present | Native | | Barneby (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant) | Present, Localized | Native | | Janzen (1983); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Holm et al. (1977); Barneby (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock flower) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Montanoa hibiscifolia (tree daisy) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moringa oleifera (horse radish tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Morus alba (mora) | Present | | | Peraza-Padilla (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) | Present | | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Flora, Mesoamericana (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murdannia nudiflora (doveweed) | Present | Introduced | | Rojas et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murraya paniculata (orange jessamine) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mussaenda erythrophylla (red flag bush) | Present | Introduced | | Burger and Taylor (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mussaenda philippica (Queen of Philippines) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrot's feather) | Present | Introduced | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myroxylon balsamum (Peru balsam) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nelsonia canescens (blue pussyleaf) | Present | | | Durkee (1986) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Neomarica caerulea (walking iris) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nerium oleander (oleander) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Gentry and D'Arcy (1986); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nopalea cochenillifera (cochineal cactus) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Noronhia emarginata (Madagascar olive) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nymphaea ampla (dot-leaf water-lily) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nymphaea lotus (white Egyptian lotus) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2016); Randall (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Odontonema callistachyum (purple firespike) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Odontonema cuspidatum (Cardinal’s guard) | Present | Introduced | | INBio (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oeceoclades maculata (monk orchid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Dressler (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia lancifolia (calycose mille graines) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oryza rufipogon (wild rice) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); Rojas and Agüero (1996) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pachira aquatica (pachira nut) | Present | Native | | Flora Mesoamericana (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Panicum repens (torpedo grass) | Present | | | Retana-Sánchez et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parkinsonia aculeata (Mexican palo-verde) | Present, Planted | Native | | ILDIS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parmentiera aculeata (cucumber tree) | Absent, Formerly present | | | Burger et al. (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parthenium hysterophorus (parthenium weed) | Present | Native | | Dale (1981); Parsons and Cuthbertson (1992); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalidium geminatum (Egyptian paspalidium) | Present, Localized | Native | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum dilatatum (dallisgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum distichum (knotgrass) | Present | Native | | Chase (1929); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum fasciculatum (bull grass) | Present | Native | | Blydenstein (1966); USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass) | Present | | | Clayton et al. (2018); USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum paniculatum (Russell River grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum urvillei (Vasey grass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum virgatum (sword grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora edulis (passionfruit) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower) | Present | Native | | Killip (1938) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora ligularis (sweet granadilla) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Davidse et al. (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora quadrangularis (giant granadilla) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora suberosa (corkystem passionflower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (banana passionfruit) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum polystachion (mission grass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pentas lanceolata (Egyptian starcluster) | Present | Introduced | | Soto and Vega (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Persicaria punctata (dotted smartweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Petiveria alliacea (guinea hen weed) | Present | Native | | Cardenas and Coulston (1967); Morales (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) | Present | | | ILDIS (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phragmites australis (common reed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008); USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phyllanthus urinaria (leafflower) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phyllostachys aurea (golden bamboo) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012); USDA-APHIS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis angulata (cutleaf groundcherry) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pimenta dioica (allspice) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pimenta racemosa (bay rum tree) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine) | Present | Introduced | | FAO (2001); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus oocarpa (ocote pine) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Piper aduncum (spiked pepper) | Present | Native | | Starr et al. (2003); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Piper auritum | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pithecellobium dulce (Manila tamarind) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plantago major (broad-leaved plantain) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Solórzano-Morales et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plectranthus amboinicus (Indian borage) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plectranthus scutellarioides (coleus) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Gargiullo et al. (2008); Flora Mesoamericana (2014); Govaerts (2014); Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pluchea carolinensis (sourbush) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Poa annua (annual meadowgrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polycarpon tetraphyllum (fourleaf allseed) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polypogon monspeliensis (annual beard grass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca oleracea (purslane) | Present | Introduced | | Burger (1971) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca pilosa (kiss-me-quick) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015); USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Potamogeton crispus (curlyleaf pondweed) | Present | | | GBIF (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prosopis juliflora (mesquite) | Present | Native | | Burkart (1976); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prunella vulgaris (self-heal) | Present | Native | | WCSP (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pseudelephantopus spicatus (false elephant’s foot) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides (Mexican flamevine) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Govaerts (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium guajava (guava) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | World Agroforestry Centre (2002); USDA-ARS (2012); FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pueraria phaseoloides (tropical kudzu) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pyracantha coccinea (scarlet firethorn) | Present | Introduced | | ZipcodeZoo (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Quamoclit hederifolia | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ricinus communis (castor bean) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rivina humilis (bloodberry) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rosa multiflora (multiflora rose) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rotala ramosior | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass) | Present | Introduced | | Millhollon and Burner (1993); Rojas et al. (1993); Calvo Domingo et al. (1996); Valverde et al. (1999); Chacón and Saborío (2012); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Roystonea oleracea (Caribbean royal palm) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus ellipticus (yellow Himalayan raspberry) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus niveus (Mysore raspberry) | Present | Introduced | | ISSG (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus rosifolius (roseleaf raspberry) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rumex acetosella (sheep's sorrel) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rumex crispus (curled dock) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rumex obtusifolius (broad-leaved dock) | Present | | | Núñez-Rodríguez et al. (2021) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ruta chalepensis | Present | | | Solórzano-Morales et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rytidostylis carthagenensis | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Villalobos et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sacciolepis indica (glen woodgrass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | INBio Costa Rica (2012); Missouri Botanical Garden (2012); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salix humboldtiana (pencil willow) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salvia occidentalis (West Indian sage) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Samanea saman (rain tree) | Present | Native | | Janzen (1982); ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sambucus canadensis (American black elderberry) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sanchezia parvibracteata (sanchezia) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sansevieria hyacinthoides (African bowstring hemp) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sansevieria trifasciata (mother-in-law’s tongue) | Present | Introduced | | Hammel et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schinus molle (false pepper tree) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schismus arabicus (Arabian schismus) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schizolobium parahyba (Brazilian fern tree) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sechium edule (chayote) | Present | Introduced | | Lira (1996); Villalobos et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna alata (candle bush) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna bacillaris (whitebark senna) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna hirsuta (hairy senna) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna multijuga (November shower) | Present, Planted | | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna septemtrionalis (smooth senna) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna spectabilis (whitebark senna) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria palmifolia (palm grass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria parviflora (knotroot foxtail) | Present, Widespread | Native | | GBIF (2012); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida acuta (sida) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida linifolia (flaxleaf fanpetals) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida repens (Javanese fanpetals) | Present | Native | | Fryxell (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Silene gallica (common catchfly) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum americanum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum erianthum (potato tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014); Flora of Nicaragua (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum mammosum (nipplefruit nightshade) | Present | | | Lim (2013); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum quitoense (naranjilla) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum seaforthianum (Brazilian nightshade) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum torvum (turkey berry) | Present, Localized | | | Janzen (1968); Holm et al. (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum tuberosum (potato) | Present | | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014); Montero-Astúa et al. (2002); Montero-Astúa et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum viarum (tropical soda apple) | Present | | | GBIF (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum wendlandii | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus asper (spiny sow-thistle) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Flora Mesoamericana (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spermacoce verticillata (shrubby false buttonwood) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sphagneticola trilobata (wedelia) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spondias purpurea (red mombin) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus pyramidalis (giant rat’s tail grass) | Present | | | eMonocot (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus pyramidatus (whorled dropseed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus tenuissimus (tropical dropseed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta cayennensis (blue snakeweed) | Present, Few occurrences | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); PIER (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Jamaica vervain) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sterculia apetala (Panama tree) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stictocardia tiliifolia (spottedheart) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2019); USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Synedrella nodiflora (synedrella) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syngonium podophyllum (arrowhead vine) | Present | Native | | Croat (1981); Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syzygium jambos (rose apple) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tabebuia rosea (pink poui) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tagetes erecta (Mexican marigold) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tamarindus indica (tamarind) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2010); CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tecoma capensis (Cape honeysuckle) | Present | Introduced | | Ulloa (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tecoma stans (yellow bells) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Gentry (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tectona grandis (teak) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tetragonia tetragonioides (New Zealand spinach) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thespesia populnea (portia tree) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia alata (black eyed Susan) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia erecta (bush clockvine) | Present | Introduced | | Daniel (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia fragrans (whitelady) | Present | Introduced | | Daniel (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia grandiflora (Bengal trumpet) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tibouchina urvilleana (princessflower) | Present | | | Almeda (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tithonia rotundifolia (red sunflower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Toona ciliata (toon) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trachypogon spicatus (spiked crinkleawn) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia pallida (purple queen) | Present | Introduced | | Hammel et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia spathacea (boat lily) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia zebrina (wandering jew) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triadica sebifera (Chinese tallow tree) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Dosch et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tridax procumbens (coat buttons) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trimezia steyermarkii (yellow walking iris) | Present | Native and Introduced | | Barker and Govaerts (2017); Cascante-Marín and Estrada-Chavarría (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triplaris americana (ant tree) | Present | | | Grandtner and Chevrette (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tripsacum dactyloides (eastern gamagrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tripsacum latifolium (wideleaf gamagrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triumfetta semitriloba (burweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Turbina corymbosa (Christmas vine) | Present | Native | | Hammel (2010); USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Turnera ulmifolia (West Indian holly) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha angustifolia (lesser bulrush) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha domingensis (southern cattail) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | McCoy et al. (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ulex europaeus (gorse) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | D'Arcy (1980); ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urena lobata (caesar weed) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa decumbens (signal grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa mutica (para grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa reptans (sprawling signalgrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Chacón and Saborío (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Utricularia gibba | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbena litoralis (blue vervain) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vicia villosa (hairy vetch) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vigna marina (beach bean) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vitex trifolia | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vulpia bromoides (squirreltail fescue) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vulpia myuros (annual fescue) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Xanthosoma sagittifolium (elephant ear) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Youngia japonica (oriental false hawksbeard) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Gargiullo et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zingiber officinale (ginger) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Flora, Mesoamericana (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zoysia matrella (Manila grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Hammel et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Paramyxea | Marteilia refringens | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia bigemina | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia bovis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Bonamia exitiosa | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Bonamia ostreae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Gymnodinium catenatum | Present | | | Viquez and Hargraves (1995) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Mikrocystos mackini | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Perkinsus marinus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Perkinsus olseni | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Tritrichomonas foetus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma equiperdum | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma evansi | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); Desquesnes (2004); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | African horse sickness virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | African swine fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | avian infectious bronchitis virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Banana streak disease | Present | Native | Invasive | Diekmann and Putter (1996); Pasberg-Gauhl and Lockhart (2000) |
Virus | | | bluetongue virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine herpesvirus 1 | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine leukemia virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine viral diarrhea virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | camelpox virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | caprine arthritis encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Chelonid herpesvirus 5 | Present | | | Quackenbush et al. (2001) |
Virus | | | Citrus leprosis virus C (leprosis of citrus) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Virus | | | classical swine fever virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | duck hepatitis A virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | eastern equine encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equid herpesvirus 1 | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine arteritis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine infectious anaemia virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | foot-and-mouth disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Haliotid herpesvirus 1 | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious bursal disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious salmon anemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | influenza A virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Iris yellow spot virus (iris yellow spot) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Japanese encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | lumpy skin disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | myxoma virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Nairobi sheep disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Newcastle disease virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Nipah virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Papaya ringspot virus | Present | | | Rivera et al. (1993); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Virus | | | peste des petits ruminants virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Plantago asiatica mosaic virus | Present | Introduced | | Montero-Astúa et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Potato spindle tuber viroid (spindle tuber of potato) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2014); Badilla et al. (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | rabies virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | red sea bream iridovirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Rift Valley fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | rinderpest virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | spring viraemia of carp virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Squash leaf curl virus (leaf curl of squash) | Present | | | Smith et al. (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Sugarcane mosaic virus (sugarcane mosaic) | Present | | | ISSCT (1989); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (internal cork disease of sweet potato) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Virus | | | swine vesicular disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Taura syndrome virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (tomato spotted wilt) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1978); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (leaf curl) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Barboza et al. (2014); |
Virus | | | Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | vesicular stomatitis virus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | visna/maedi virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | West Nile virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | western equine encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | White spot syndrome virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |