Costa Rica

Datasheet

Costa Rica

Index

Summary

Population, total
5,047,561 (2019)

GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
11,700 (2019)

GNI, Atlas method (current US$ in millions)
59,048.61 (2019)

GDP (current US$ in millions)
61,801.39 (2019)

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)
4.24 (2019)

World Development Indicators. The World Bank (CC-BY 4.0) https://data.worldbank.org/ [last updated: 28 May 2021]

Don't need the entire report?

Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need.

Generate report

List of Species

Top of page

The table lists the species recorded in the Compendium for this region(from the full species datasheets). It includes species that are invasive in this region, those for which there is no data on invasive status, and also species that are not invasive in the region but are reported as invasive elsewhere. This summary table is based on all the information available.When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the distribution record. For further information, please follow the link to the datasheet.

Domain	Kingdom	Phylum	Species	Distribution	Origin	Invasive	References
			yellow head virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Actinobacteria [phylum]	Clavibacter michiganensis (bacterial canker of tomato)	Present			Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022)
Bacteria		Actinobacteria [phylum]	Clavibacter sepedonicus (potato ring rot)	Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)			EPPO (2022)
Bacteria		Actinobacteria [phylum]	Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Actinobacteria [phylum]	Mycobacterium bovis	Present			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Bacteria		Bacteroidetes	Paenibacillus larvae	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2009); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Bacillus anthracis	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki	Present			CABI (Undated)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris (yellow disease phytoplasmas)	Present			Villalobos et al. (2019); EPPO (2022)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium	Present			Villalobos et al. (2019)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Melissococcus plutonius	Present			Calderón and Sánchez (2011); OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Mycoplasma gallisepticum	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) type	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Firmicutes	Mycoplasma synoviae	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Acidovorax citrulli (fruit blotch)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2011); Mora-Umaña and Araya (2002); EPPO (2022)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Anaplasma marginale	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Brucella abortus	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Brucella ovis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Brucella suis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Candidatus Hepatobacter penaei	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Asian greening)	Present, Localized			FAO (2011); Molina-Bravo et al. (2015); CABI/EPPO (2017); EPPO (2022)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	citrus huanglongbing (greening) disease (citrus greening)	Present, Localized			EPPO (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Coxiella burnetii	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Ehrlichia ruminantium	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Francisella tularensis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Pasteurella multocida	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 (bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops)	Present			CABI and EPPO (1999)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 (moko disease)	Present			CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2021)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Salmonella Abortusequi	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Salmonella abortusovis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Salmonella gallinarum	Present, Localized			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Salmonella pullorum	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Taylorella equigenitalis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (bean blight)	Present			Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2007); EPPO (2022)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Xanthomonas citri (citrus canker)	Absent, Confirmed absent by survey			EPPO (2022)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Xenohaliotis californiensis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Bacteria		Proteobacteria	Xylella fastidiosa (Pierce's disease of grapevines)	Present			Goheen et al. (1979); Rodríguez et al. (2001); Aguilar et al. (2005); Wickert et al. (2007); Montero-Astúa et al. (2008); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Chromista	Oomycota	Aphanomyces astaci	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Chromista	Oomycota	Aphanomyces invadans	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Chromista	Oomycota	Phytophthora cinnamomi (Phytophthora dieback)	Present			UK, CAB International (1991); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Chromista	Oomycota	Phytophthora infestans (Phytophthora blight)	Present			UK, CAB International (1982); Knapova and Gisi (2002)
Eukaryota	Chromista	Oomycota	Plasmopara viticola (grapevine downy mildew)	Present			UK, CAB International (1988)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Ceratocystis fimbriata (Ceratocystis blight)	Present, Localized	Native		Martin (1949); Echandi and Segall (1956); Siller (1958); Webster and Butler (1967); Engelbrecht and Harrington (2005); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Colletotrichum acutatum (black spot of strawberry)	Present			EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2010)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Panama disease of banana)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Fourie et al. (2009); Dita et al. (2010); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Guignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot)	Absent, Confirmed absent by survey			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Mycosphaerella dearnessii (brown spot needle blight)	Present			Evans (1984); CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka)	Present, Localized	Introduced	Invasive	Stover (1980); Mourichon and Fullerton (1990); CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Mycosphaerella gibsonii (needle blight of pine)	Present			UK, CAB International (1994)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Mycosphaerella pini (Dothistroma blight)	Present			EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2010)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Phomopsis vexans (Phomopsis blight of eggplant)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2008)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Pseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.)	Absent, Confirmed absent by survey			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Pseudocercospora ulei (South American leaf blight of rubber (SALB))	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Stevenson (1935); UK, CAB International (1990); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Seiridium cardinale (cypress canker)	Present	Introduced		Arguedas Gamboa (1996); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Ascomycota	Trichoconiella padwickii (stackburn disease)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Alizaga et al. (1983); UK, CAB International (1984)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Basidiomycota	Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust)	Present			Stéfano et al. (1998); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Basidiomycota	Moniliophthora roreri (frosty pod rot)	Present		Invasive	Enriquez and Suarez (1978); CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Basidiomycota	Phakopsora euvitis (grape rust fungus)	Present			EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2007)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Basidiomycota	Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soyabean rust)	Present, Localized			CABI and EPPO (2015); Murillo-Williams et al. (2015); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Basidiomycota	Phellinus noxius (brown tea root disease)	Present			CABI and EPPO (1997)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Basidiomycota	Puccinia graminis (stem rust of cereals)	Present, Few occurrences			Muller (1953)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Basidiomycota	Puccinia kuehnii (orange rust)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2015); Chavarría et al. (2009); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Chytridiomycota	Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd)	Present, Widespread			Puschendorf et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Fungi	Chytridiomycota	Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal)	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Acarapis woodi (honeybee mite)	Present			OIE (2009)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aceria guerreronis (coconut mite)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2006); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Acromyrmex octospinosus (leaf cutting ant)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aethina tumida	Present			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Agrius cingulatus (pink-spotted hawkmoth)	Present			Schotman (1989)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aleurocanthus woglumi (citrus blackfly)	Present			EPPO (2022); Mound and Halsey (1978); Elizondo and Quezada (1990); UK, CAB International (1995)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aleurodicus dispersus (whitefly)	Present			Laprade Coto (2005); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); NHM (undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly)	Present			EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aleurotrachelus atratus (palm-infesting whitefly)	Present	Introduced		Evans (2008)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Amphibalanus improvisus (bay barnacle)	Present		Invasive	Henry and McLaughlin (1975)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Anartia fatima	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Anastrepha fraterculus (South American fruit fly)	Present, Widespread	Native		Stone (1942); Jirón et al. (1988); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Anastrepha ludens (Mexican fruit fly)	Present, Localized			Stone (1942); UK, CAB International (1958); Jirón et al. (1988); Epsky (2003); Ruiz-Arce et al. (2015); Scally et al. (2016); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Anastrepha obliqua (West Indian fruit fly)	Present, Widespread	Native		Jiron and Hedström (1988); Jirón et al. (1988); CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated);
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Anastrepha serpentina (sapodilla fruit fly)	Present, Widespread	Native		Greene (1934); Stone (1942); Jiron and Hedström (1988); Jirón and Hedström (1991); CABI and EPPO (2001); Epsky (2003); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Anastrepha striata (guava fruit fly)	Present, Widespread	Native		Stone (1942); Jiron and Hedström (1988); Steck et al. (1990); CABI and EPPO (2002); Epsky (2003); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Anthonomus grandis (Mexican cotton boll weevil)	Present			Johnson et al. (1973); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aonidiella aurantii (red scale)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid)	Present			UK, CAB International (1968); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	UK, CAB International (1969); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Apis mellifera	Present			CABI Data Mining (undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Apis mellifera scutellata (africanized bee)	Present	Introduced		CABI (Undated); Nielsen et al. (2000); Wojcik (2012)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Artemia (brine shrimp)	Present	Native		Van (2002)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale)	Present			UK, CAB International (1966)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Aulacaspis yasumatsui (cycad aulacaspis scale)	Present			Muniappan et al. (2012); IPPC (2008); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly)	Present, Localized			Costa et al. (1993); CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bemisia tabaci (MEAM1) (silverleaf whitefly)	Present			de Barro (1995); CABI and EPPO (1999); Pongtharin Lotrakul et al. (2000); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Bemisia tabaci (MED) (silverleaf whitefly)	Present			Guevara-Coto et al. (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Blattella germanica (German cockroach)	Present	Introduced		Vargas V. and Fisk (1973)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Boophilus microplus	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Brevipalpus phoenicis (false spider mite)	Present			Aguilar-Piedra and Solano-Guevara (2020); Rodrigues et al. (2002); Aguilar and Murillo (2012); CABI/EPPO (2013); Beard et al. (2015); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Callinectes sapidus (blue crab)	Present	Native		Tavares (2002)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Enkerlin et al. (1989); Gasparich et al. (1997); Davies et al. (1999); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Chrysomphalus aonidum (circular scale)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale)	Present			UK, CAB International (1969)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screw-worm)	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm)	Absent, Eradicated			Wyss (2000); OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Crocidosema plebejana (cotton tipworm)	Present	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Cryptotermes brevis (powderpost termite)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Snyder (1934)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito)	Present, Widespread	Introduced		Heinemann and Belkin (1977)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (western corn rootworm)	Present	Native		CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Dialeurodes citri (citrus whitefly)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid)	Present			CABI/EPPO (2011); Villalobos et al. (2005); Molina-Bravo et al. (2015); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila)	Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)			EPPO (2022); Hauser (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Dysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug)	Present			UK, CAB International (1972); Ben-Dov (1994); Miranda Vindas and Blanco Metzler (2013); Palma-Jiménez and Blanco-Meneses (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Dysmicoccus neobrevipes (grey pineapple mealybug)	Present			García Morales et al. (2016)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Epitrix tuberis (tuber flea beetle)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly aphid)	Present			UK, CAB International (1975)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Euwallacea perbrevis (tea shot-hole borer)	Present, Localized			CABI and EPPO (2013); Kirkendall and Ødegaard (2007); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Ferrisia virgata (striped mealybug)	Present			UK, CAB International (1966); Ben-Dov (1994); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips)	Present			Nakahara (1997); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Geococcus coffeae (coffee root mealybug)	Present			Williams and Granara de Willink (1992)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Greenidea ficicola	Present			CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Gymnandrosoma aurantianum (citrus fruit borer)	Present			Adamski and Brown (2001); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Gynaikothrips ficorum (Cuban laurel thrips)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Haplaxius crudus (American palm cixiid)	Present	Native		Kramer (1979); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Harmonia axyridis (harlequin ladybird)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Heilipus lauri (avocado seed weevil)	Present, Widespread			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Helicoverpa zea (American cotton bollworm)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Hemiberlesia lataniae (latania scale)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Hemiberlesia rapax (greedy scale (USA))	Present			Schotman (1989)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Hypsipyla grandella (mahogany shoot borer)	Present			Taveras et al. (2004); Cornelius (2001); Navarro and Hernández (2004); The International Barcode of Life Consortium (2016); CABI Data Mining (undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Insignorthezia insignis (greenhouse orthezia)	Present			UK, CAB International (1957)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle)	Absent, Formerly present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Leptoglossus occidentalis (western conifer-seed bug)	Present	Introduced		van der Heyden (2019); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Liriomyza huidobrensis (serpentine leafminer)	Present	Introduced		Spencer (1983); CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Liriomyza sativae (vegetable leaf miner)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Liriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer)	Present			CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Litopenaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp)	Present	Native		CABI (Undated);
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug)	Present, Localized	Introduced		IPPC (2014); CABI and EPPO (2015); IPPC (2017); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Macrobrachium rosenbergii (giant freshwater prawn)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); New (2000)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Megaplatypus mutatus	Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Monomorium pharaonis (pharaoh ant)	Present	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Mononychellus tanajoa (cassava green mite)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Mythimna unipuncta (rice armyworm)	Present	Native		UK, CAB International (1967)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Myzus persicae (green peach aphid)	Present			Smith and Cermeli (1979); UK, CAB International (1979); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Neoleucinodes elegantalis (eggplant stem borer)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Nezara viridula (green stink bug)	Present			UK, CAB International (1970)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Nipaecoccus nipae (spiked mealybug)	Present			Ben-Dov (1994); CABI and EPPO (2005)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Opogona sacchari (banana moth)	Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Paracoccus marginatus (papaya mealybug)	Present	Native		Williams and Granara de Willink (1992); Miller et al. (1999); CABI/EPPO (2012)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Paratrechina longicornis (crazy ant)	Present	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pheidole megacephala (big-headed ant)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Kempf (1972)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Phthorimaea absoluta (tomato leafminer)	Present, Widespread	Introduced		CABI and EPPO (2013); Lobos et al. (2013); IPPC (2014); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Phthorimaea operculella (potato tuber moth)	Present, Widespread			Hilje (1994); CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Phyllocnistis citrella (citrus leaf miner)	Present			UK, CAB International (1986); Elizondo Solís (2002); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug)	Present			CABI and EPPO (1999)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth)	Present, Widespread			UK, CAB International (1967)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Polyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mite)	Present			Aguilar-Piedra and Solano-Guevara (2020); Aguilar and Murillo (2012)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crayfish)	Present	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Prostephanus truncatus (larger grain borer)	Present	Native		Hodges (1986); UK, CAB International (1995); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (mulberry scale)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pseudococcus elisae (banana mealybug)	Present			Gimpel and Miller (1996); Beardsley (1986); Williams and Granara de Willink (1992)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Pseudococcus viburni (obscure mealybug)	Present			Gimpel and Miller (1996); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Rhagoletis pomonella (apple maggot)	Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Rhynchophorus palmarum (South American palm weevil)	Present			Wattanapongsiri (1966); Chinchilla and Oehlschlager (1992); Chinchilla and Oehlschlager (1993); Oehlschlager et al. (2002); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Saissetia oleae (olive scale)	Present			UK, CAB International (1952)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Schistocerca nitens (gray bird grasshopper)	Present, Widespread	Introduced		Rowell (1998)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Scyphophorus acupunctatus (agave weevil)	Present			O'Brien and Wibmer (1982); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Sepedomerus macropus (liverfluke snail predator fly)	Present			Neff and Berg (1966)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Solenopsis geminata (tropical fire ant)	Present	Native		Perfecto and Vandermeer (1996); ISSG (2009); Gotzek et al. (2015); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Solenopsis invicta (red imported fire ant)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Spodoptera eridania (southern armyworm)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)	Present			EPPO (2022); Carballo and Saunders (1990); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant)	Present	Introduced		Shepard and Gibson (1972)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Tecia solanivora (potato tuber moth)	Present			Povolny (1973); Barroso (1974); CABI and EPPO (2001); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite)	Present			Aguilar and Murillo (2012); International Institute of Entomology (1996)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Thrips palmi (melon thrips)	Present, Localized			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Tibraca limbativentris (stinkbug)	Present			Schotman (1989); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid)	Present, Localized			Lastra et al. (1991); CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Trialeurodes vaporariorum (whitefly, greenhouse)	Present			Alpizar (1993); Castro et al. (2009); Vargas et al. (2011); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Tropilaelaps	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Unaspis citri (citrus snow scale)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Varroa destructor (Varroa mite)	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Wasmannia auropunctata (little fire ant)	Present	Native	Invasive	ISSG (2014); Wetterer and Porter (2003)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Xyleborus volvulus	Present	Native		Wood and Bright (1992)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Asian ambrosia beetle)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Arthropoda	Xylosandrus morigerus (brown twig beetle)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Wood and Bright (1992); Jordal and Kirkendall (1998); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Amatitlania nigrofasciata (convict cichlid)	Present, Widespread	Native		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Anolis cristatellus (Puerto Rican crested anole)	Present	Introduced		Fitch (1975); Savage (2002); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Aristichthys nobilis (bighead carp)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); FishBase (2004); Froese and Pauly (2004)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Belonesox belizanus (pike killifish)	Present, Widespread	Native		Bussing (1998)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Boa imperator (Central American Boa)	Present, Widespread	Native		Hynková et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Bos taurus (cattle)	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Canis latrans (Coyote)	Present	Native	Invasive	IUCN (2012); Cove et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Carassius auratus auratus (goldfish)	Present	Introduced		Froese and Pauly (2009)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Columba livia (pigeons)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp)	Absent			Shireman and Smith (1983); Welcomme (1988); Froese and Pauly (2004); Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Ctenosaura similis (black spiny-tailed iguana)	Present	Native		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Cyprinus carpio (common carp)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); Lever (1998)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Didelphis marsupialis (common opossum)	Present, Widespread	Native		IUCN (2015)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Hemidactylus frenatus (common house gecko)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Kronauer (1999); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Herpestes auropunctatus (small Indian mongoose)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	ISSG (2018)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp)	Present	Introduced		Froese and Pauly (2004); FishBase (2005); Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Cam (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Iguana iguana (iguana)	Present	Native		Leenders (2001)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Bussing (1998)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Molothrus bonariensis (shiny cowbird)	Present			Avibase (2012)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Mylopharyngodon piceus (black amur)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Bussing (1998); Froese and Pauly (2004)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Oreochromis aureus (blue tilapia)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); FAO (2002)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Pullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); Pullin et al. (1997); FAO (2002); Froese and Pauly (2004)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Osteopilus septentrionalis (Cuban treefrog)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Somma et al. (2018); IUCN (2017); Seebens et al. (2017); Frost (2018)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Passer domesticus (house sparrow)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Poecilia reticulata (guppy)	Present	Introduced		Bussing (1998); Froese and Pauly (2007)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Procyon lotor (raccoon)	Present	Native		Goldman (1950)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Pterois volitans (lionfish)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Schofield (2009); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Rachycentron canadum (cobia)	Present	Native		IUCN (2017)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Rana catesbeiana (American bullfrog)	Present	Introduced		Santos-Barrera et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Rhinella marina (cane toad)	Present	Native		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Trachemys scripta elegans (red-eared slider)	Present	Introduced		Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Chordata	Tyto alba (Barn owl)	Present	Native		Bruce (1999)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Cnidaria	Tubastraea coccinea (orange-cup coral)	Present			Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Echinodermata	Acanthaster planci (crown-of-thorns starfish)	Present			Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Achatina fulica (giant African land snail)	Present, Transient under eradication			IPPC (2021); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Crassostrea virginica (eastern oyster)	Present, Localized	Native		FIGIS (2005)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Deroceras invadens (tramp slug)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Deroceras laeve (meadow slug)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Hutchinson et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Magallana gigas (Pacific oyster)	Present	Introduced		Seebens et al. (2017); Zuniga et al. (1998); Arias et al. (1999)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Marisa cornuarietis (giant ramshorn)	Present	Native		Taylor (1993); Simone (2006); Cowie and Hayes (2012); Horgan et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Mollusca	Pinctada imbricata radiata (rayed pearl oyster)	Present	Native		Leal (2002)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Belonolaimus longicaudatus (sting nematode)	Present			Lopez (1979); CABI and EPPO (2003)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Ditylenchus dipsaci (stem and bulb nematode)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Globodera pallida (white potato cyst nematode)	Present, Localized			IPPC (2008); Obando Vergara et al. (2017); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Globodera rostochiensis (yellow potato cyst nematode)	Absent, Formerly present			CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Helicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode)	Present			Sher (1966); CABI and EPPO (2003)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode)	Present			Lopez (1984); CABI and EPPO (2003)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne enterolobii (Pacara earpod tree root-knot nematode)	Present			Hernandez et al. (2004); Tigano et al. (2010); Humphreys et al. (2012); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne hapla (root knot nematode)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2002); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode)	Present, Widespread			López (1985); Sosa Moss (1985); CABI and EPPO (2002); Villain et al. (2013)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm)	Present, Widespread			Sosa Moss (1985); CABI and EPPO (2002)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Pratylenchus coffeae (banana root nematode)	Present, Widespread			CABI and EPPO (2000); Herve et al. (2005); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode)	Present, Widespread			CABI and EPPO (1999); Elbadri et al. (1999); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus (red ring nematode)	Present, Widespread			Tidman (1951); CABI and EPPO (1999); Oehlschlager et al. (2002); Ye et al. (2007); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Scutellonema bradys (yam nematode)	Present			Humphreys-Pereira et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Nematoda	Tylenchulus semipenetrans (citrus root nematode)	Present			CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Platyhelminthes	Echinococcus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2009)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Platyhelminthes	Echinococcus granulosus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Platyhelminthes	Echinococcus multilocularis	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Metazoa	Platyhelminthes	Gyrodactylus salaris	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Planctomycetes [kingdom]		Chlamydophila abortus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Planctomycetes [kingdom]		Chlamydophila psittaci	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Adiantum raddianum (delta maidenhair fern)	Present	Native		Lellinger (1989)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Angiopteris evecta (king fern)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Christenhusz and Toivonen (2008); Seebens et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Azolla filiculoides (water fern)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Blechnum appendiculatum (palm fern)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Ceratopteris thalictroides (watersprite)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Christella dentata (soft fern)	Present, Widespread	Introduced		GBIF (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Macrothelypteris torresiana (swordfern)	Present	Introduced		Flora Mesoamericana (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Nephrolepis brownii (Asian swordfern)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Pteridium aquilinum (bracken)	Present	Native		Thomson and Alonso-Amelot (2002)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Pteris tripartita (giant brake)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Salvinia auriculata (giant salvinia)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Salvinia minima	Present			GBIF (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Pteridophyta	Thelypteris opulenta (jewelled maiden fern)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Rojas-Alvarado (2011); Smith (1995)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Rhodophyta	Acanthophora spicifera	Present	Native		Taylor (1960)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Rhodophyta	Hypnea musciformis	Present	Native		Taylor (1960)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Abelmoschus moschatus (musk mallow)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Fryxell (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Abutilon hirtum (Indian mallow)	Present	Introduced		Achigan-Dako (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia angustissima (prairie acacia)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2015); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia auriculiformis (northern black wattle)	Present, Planted	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia dealbata (acacia bernier)	Present	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia farnesiana (huisache)	Present	Native		ILDIS (2002)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acacia mangium (brown salwood)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acanthocereus tetragonus	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Acanthospermum hispidum (bristly starbur)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2005)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Achillea millefolium (yarrow)	Present			Missouri Botanical Garden (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Achyranthes aspera (devil's horsewhip)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Aeschynomene americana (shyleaf)	Present	Native		ILDIS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Agave americana (century plant)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Agave fourcroydes (henequen)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Agave sisalana (sisal hemp)	Present			Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Agave vivipara (Caribbean agave)	Present	Native		García-Mendoza and Chiang (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed)	Present	Introduced		Holm et al. (1979); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ageratum houstonianum (Blue billygoatweed)	Present			Missouri Botanical Garden (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Agrostis avenacea (Pacific bent grass)	Present, Localized	Introduced		GBIF (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Aira caryophyllea (silver hairgrass)	Present			Missouri Botanical Garden (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Albizia adinocephala (cream albizia)	Present	Native		Chavarría et al. (1998); ILDIS (2005); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Albizia niopoides (silk tree)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Aleurites moluccanus (candlenut tree)	Present	Introduced		Burger and Huft (1995)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Allamanda cathartica (yellow allamanda)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Allium neapolitanum (False onion weed)	Present			Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Alocasia cucullata (Chinese taro)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Alocasia macrorrhizos (giant taro)	Present	Introduced		Hammel et al. (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Aloe vera (true aloe)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Alpinia purpurata (red ginger)	Present	Introduced		Hammel et al. (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed)	Present			Missouri Botanical Garden (2014); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Alysicarpus vaginalis (alyce clover)	Present			Flora Mesoamericana (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Amaranthus hybridus (smooth pigweed)	Present			Salas (1985)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed)	Present			Holm et al. (1991)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth)	Present	Native		Davidse et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Andropogon glomeratus (bushy bluestem)	Present	Native		GBIF (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Andropogon virginicus (broomsedge)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Annona cherimola (cherimoya)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Randall (2012); Flora Mesoamericana (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Annona glabra (pond apple)	Present	Native		USA, USDA-ARS (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Annona muricata (soursop)	Present			Flora Mesoamericana (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Annona reticulata (bullock's heart)	Present			Flora Mesoamericana (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Annona squamosa (sugar apple)	Present	Introduced		USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009); Randall (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Anredera cordifolia (Madeira vine)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2013); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Antigonon leptopus (coral vine)	Present	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Boucher and Nishida (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Aristida ternipes (spidergrass)	Present	Native		Hammel et al. (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Aristolochia ringens (Dutchman’s pipe)	Present			Flora Mesoamericana (2015); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Arthraxon hispidus (small carpetgrass)	Present	Introduced		USDA-NRCS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	CABI (Undated);
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Arundo donax (giant reed)	Present, Planted	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2007); Clayton et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Asclepias curassavica (bloodflower)	Present, Widespread		Invasive	Islam (1979); Wyatt (1980); Holm et al. (1997); Wyatt and Broyles (1997); USDA-ARS (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Asparagus densiflorus (asparagus fern)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Asparagus setaceus (asparagus fern)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Averrhoa bilimbi (bilimbi)	Present	Introduced		CABI (Undated);
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Axonopus compressus (carpet grass)	Present			Vargas et al. (1988)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Axonopus fissifolius	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Azadirachta indica (neem tree)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		INBio (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bacopa monnieri (water hyssop)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bambusa bambos (giant thorny bamboo)	Present	Introduced		Clayton et al. (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bambusa longispiculata (mahal bamboo)	Present	Introduced		Davidse et al. (1994)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bambusa tuldoides (punting pole bamboo)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bauhinia monandra (Napoleon's plume)	Present	Introduced		Holdridge and Poveda (1975)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bauhinia purpurea (purple bauhinia)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Begonia nelumbiifolia (lilypad begonia)	Present	Native		Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bidens pilosa (blackjack)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2018); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bixa orellana (annatto)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bocconia frutescens (plume poppy)	Present, Widespread	Native		CABI (Undated); Gargiullo et al. (2008); Boucher and Nishida (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Boerhavia coccinea (scarlet spiderling)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Borreria latifolia (broadleaf buttonweed)	Present, Localized			Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bothriochloa ischaemum (yellow bluestem)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bothriochloa pertusa (pitted beard grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bougainvillea spectabilis (great bougainvillea)	Present	Introduced		Davidse et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Brachypodium sylvaticum (slender false brome)	Absent, Intercepted only			Hammel et al. (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Brassica juncea (mustard)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Brassica rapa (field mustard)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (turnip rape)	Present			CABI Data Mining (undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Breynia disticha (snowbush)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Bromelia pinguin (wild pineapple)	Present	Native		Zuchowski (2007); Woodley and Janzen (1995)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Brugmansia candida (angel's trumpet)	Present	Introduced		Chavarría et al. (2000)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Brugmansia suaveolens (white angel's trumpet)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2014); PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Caladium bicolor (heart of Jesus)	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Calceolaria tripartita	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Calliandra houstoniana (calliandra)	Present	Native		Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Calliandra houstoniana var. calothyrsus (calliandra)	Present	Native		Zamora (2010); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Callisia repens (creeping inch-plant)	Present	Native		Hammel et al. (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Calopogonium caeruleum (jicama)	Present	Native		ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Calotropis procera (apple of sodom)	Present, Planted			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Randall (2012); Flora Mesoamericana (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean)	Present	Introduced		Sauer (1964); New York Botanical Garden (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Canna indica (canna lilly)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Canna x generalis (canna lily)	Present			Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Capsicum annuum (bell pepper)	Present			FAO (2009); Vargas et al. (2011); USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Capsicum baccatum (pepper)	Present	Introduced		Eshbaugh (1970)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cardamine flexuosa (wavy bittercress)	Present	Introduced		GRIIS (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cardiospermum grandiflorum (balloon vine)	Present			EPPO (2022); PIER (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine)	Present	Native		Morales Quirós (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Carludovica palmata (Panama hat plant)	Present	Native		IUCN (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cascabela thevetia (yellow oleander)	Present	Native		POWO (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cassia grandis (pink shower)	Present	Native		ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cassia javanica (pink shower)	Present	Introduced		Zamora (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Castilla elastica (Mexican rubber tree)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015); PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Casuarina cunninghamiana (Australian beefwood)	Present	Introduced		World Agroforestry Centre (2002); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina)	Present, Planted	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Casuarina glauca (scaly oak (Australia))	Present, Planted	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012); Villalobos et al. (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cecropia peltata (trumpet tree)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar)	Present, Planted	Native		USA, USDA-ARS (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass)	Present	Introduced		GBIF (2012); Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cenchrus echinatus (southern sandbur)	Present, Few occurrences			Soto A. et al. (1986); Holm et al. (1991)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cestrum aurantiacum (orange cestrum)	Present			Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cestrum nocturnum (night jessamine)	Present			Flora Mesoamericana (2014); USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Chamaecrista nictitans (sensitive partridge pea)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013); Gargiullo et al. (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cheilocostus speciosus (crepe ginger )	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Chloris radiata	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Chloris virgata (feather finger grass)	Present, Few occurrences	Introduced		Lobo Cabezas (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed)	Present	Native		Gautier (1992)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cinchona pubescens (quinine tree)	Present	Native		Standley and Williams (1975)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cinnamomum camphora (camphor laurel)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cirsium mexicanum (Mexican thistle)	Present	Native		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cirsium vulgare (spear thistle)	Present	Introduced		Forcella and Randall (1994)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cissus verticillata (possum grape vine)	Present	Native		POWO (2020); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Citrus aurantiifolia (lime)	Present			FAO (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Citrus aurantium (sour orange)	Present			FAO (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cleome viscosa (Asian spiderflower)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Cochrane and Iltis (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clerodendrum chinense (Chinese glory bower)	Present	Introduced		Davidse et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clerodendrum paniculatum (pagoda flower)	Present	Introduced		Rueda (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clerodendrum thomsoniae (bleeding glory bower)	Present			Rueda (1993); Flora Mesoamericana (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clerodendrum wallichii (Wallich's glorybower)	Present	Introduced		Rueda (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clidemia hirta (Koster's curse)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2004); Missouri Botanical Garden (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clitoria ternatea (butterfly-pea)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Clusia rosea	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cocos nucifera (coconut)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	Davidse et al. (1994); IABIN (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Colocasia esculenta (taro)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Commelina diffusa (spreading dayflower)	Present			Holm et al. (1977); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Conium maculatum (poison hemlock)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2015); USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2004); USDA-ARS (2004)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Conyza sumatrensis (tall fleabane)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cordia alliodora (Ecuador laurel)	Present, Planted			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cortaderia selloana (pampas grass)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Corymbia citriodora (lemon-scented gum)	Present, Planted	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cosmos caudatus (wild cosmos)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cosmos sulphureus (sulphur cosmos)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2016); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Crassocephalum crepidioides (redflower ragleaf)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora (montbretia)	Present	Introduced		Davidse et al. (1994)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Crotalaria maypurensis (rattlebox weed)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Crotalaria retusa (rattleweed)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Crotalaria spectabilis (showy rattlepod)	Present	Introduced		Zamora (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Croton argenteus (silver July croton)	Present	Native		Govaerts (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cryptostegia madagascariensis (Madagascar rubbervine)	Present	Introduced		Davidse et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cucumis anguria (West Indian gherkin)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cuphea carthagenensis (Colombian waxweed)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cuphea hyssopifolia (false heather)	Present	Native		Flora, Mesoamericana (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyanthillium cinereum (little ironweed)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyathula prostrata (pasture weed)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2015); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyclanthera pedata	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011); Hord et al. (2001)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass)	Present	Introduced		Zuloaga et al. (2003); Pohl (1980)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)	Present	Introduced		Holm et al. (1979); Salazar et al. (2013); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cynodon nlemfuensis (African Bermuda-grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus aggregatus	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus compressus (annual sedge)	Present			Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge)	Present	Introduced		Gómez-Laurito (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus imbricatus (shingle flatsedge)	Present	Native		Hammel et al. (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus papyrus (papyrus)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge)	Present			Holm et al. (1979); Gómez-Laurito (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012); MOBOT (2004)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Datura stramonium (jimsonweed)	Present			Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Delairea odorata (Cape ivy)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Delonix regia (flamboyant)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Desmodium incanum (creeping beggerweed)	Present	Native		ILDIS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dichanthium annulatum (Kleberg's bluestem)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dichanthium aristatum (angelton bluestem)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dieffenbachia seguine (dumb cane)	Present	Native		HEAR (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Digitaria bicornis (Asian crabgrass)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass)	Present	Introduced		Vega and Rúgolo de Agrasar (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Digitaria eriantha (pangola grass)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); PIER (2016); USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Digitaria insularis (sourgrass)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Digitaria velutina (velvet fingergrass)	Present			Missouri Botanical Garden (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Diodia teres (poorjoe)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dioscorea alata (white yam)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012); FAO (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato)	Present	Introduced		Hammel et al. (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dioscorea cayenensis (Guinea yam)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dolichandra unguis-cati (cat's claw creeper)	Present	Native		Ulloa (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dombeya wallichii (pink ball)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dracaena fragrans (corn plant)	Present	Introduced		POWO (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Drymaria cordata (tropical chickweed)	Present	Native		Holm et al. (1991); Blanco and Hilje (1995); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010); USDA-ARS (2014); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Duranta erecta (golden dewdrop)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Dysphania ambrosioides (Mexican tea)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Echinochloa colona (junglerice)	Present			Soto A. et al. (1986); Clayton et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass)	Present	Introduced		Morales (2003); Holm et al. (1991)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Echinochloa crus-pavonis (gulf cockspur grass)	Present	Native		Tropicos (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Echinochloa pyramidalis	Present	Introduced		Zuloaga and Morrone (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Echinodorus grisebachii	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eclipta prostrata (eclipta)	Present			Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Egeria densa (leafy elodea)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eichhornia azurea (anchored water hyacinth)	Present	Native		UK, Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew) (2009); USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009); USDA-ARS (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth)	Present			Gopal (1987); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Elaeagnus umbellata (autumn olive)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Christenhusz (2009); CABI (2005)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm)	Present			FAO (2009); Missouri Botanical Garden (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Elephantopus mollis (elephant's foot)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eleusine indica (goose grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Holm et al. (1979); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Elodea canadensis (Canadian pondweed)	Present	Introduced		Gomez (1984)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Emilia coccinea (scarlet tasselflower)	Present	Introduced		Davidse et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Emilia fosbergii (Florida tassel-flower)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón E and Saborío (2003); Holm et al. (1997)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Entada gigas (sea-bean)	Present	Native		ILDIS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Epiphyllum oxypetalum (dutchman's-pipe cactus)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eragrostis ciliaris (gophertail lovegrass)	Present	Introduced		Clayton et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass)	Present	Introduced		Clayton et al. (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass)	Present	Introduced		Clayton et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Erechtites hieraciifolius (American burnweed)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Erechtites valerianifolius (tropical burnweed)	Present	Native		GBIF (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eremochloa ophiuroides (centipedegrass)	Present	Introduced		Clayton et al. (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Erigeron karvinskianus (Karwinsky’s fleabane)	Present	Introduced		Pruski (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eriobotrya japonica (loquat)	Present, Planted	Introduced	Naturalized	CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Erythrina berteroana (coralbean)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Erythrina poeppigiana (coral tree)	Present, Planted			Saborío-R et al. (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Etlingera elatior (torch ginger)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eucalyptus globulus (Tasmanian blue gum)	Present, Planted			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2014); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Eugenia uniflora (Surinam cherry)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Euphorbia hypericifolia (graceful spurge)	Present	Native		PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Euphorbia leucocephala (white Christmas bush)	Present			van Veldhuisen (2006); Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Euphorbia tithymaloides (devil's backbone)	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Euphorbia umbellata (African milk bush)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Burger and Huft (1995)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Fallopia baldschuanica (Russian vine)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	PIER (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ficus benjamina (weeping fig)	Present			Flora Mesoamericana (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ficus pumila (creeping fig)	Present	Introduced		Flora Mesoamericana (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ficus religiosa (sacred fig tree)	Present			Flora Mesoamericana (2014); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis)	Present			USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Flacourtia indica (governor's plum)	Present			Missouri Botanical Garden (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Flemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2014); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Flemingia strobilifera (wild hops)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Foeniculum vulgare (fennel)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2013); Flora Mesoamericana (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Fraxinus uhdei (tropical ash)	Present, Planted	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Furcraea foetida (Mauritius hemp)	Present, Widespread	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier)	Present	Native		Davidse et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Galinsoga quadriradiata (shaggy soldier)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Garcia nutans (false tung oil tree)	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia)	Present	Native		ILDIS (2002); WAC (2005); USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Gmelina arborea (candahar)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Gomphocarpus physocarpus (balloon cotton bush)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Gomphrena globosa (globe amaranth)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	IABIN (2008); USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Gomphrena serrata (arrasa con todo)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Grevillea robusta (silky oak)	Present	Introduced		Morales (2014); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hedychium coccineum (scarlet ginger lily)	Present	Introduced		Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hedychium coronarium (white butterfly ginger lily)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Vargas (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Heliocarpus americanus (white moho)	Present, Widespread	Native		Lay (1949); USDA-ARS (2012); Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Heliocarpus donnellsmithii (majagua)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Heliotropium curassavicum (salt heliotrope)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Heliotropium indicum (Indian heliotrope)	Present			Holm et al. (1977)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hemerocallis fulva (tawny daylily)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Heterotis rotundifolia (pink lady)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Davidse et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hevea brasiliensis (rubber)	Present			FAO (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hura crepitans (sand box)	Present			Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla)	Present	Introduced		Rojas and Agüero (1996); Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hydrocotyle ranunculoides (floating pennywort)	Present			USDA-ARS (2004); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hylocereus undatus (dragon fruit)	Present	Native		IUCN (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hymenachne amplexicaulis (hymenachne)	Present	Native		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hypochaeris radicata (cat's ear)	Present	Introduced		USDA-NRCS (2013); PIER (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hyptis brevipes (lesser roundweed)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hyptis spicigera (black sesame)	Present			Roskov et al. (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Hyptis suaveolens (pignut)	Present	Native		GBIF (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012); GRIIS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Impatiens walleriana (busy lizzy)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón E and Saborío G (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Indigofera hirsuta (hairy indigo)	Present	Introduced		PIER (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Indigofera suffruticosa (Anil indigo)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Indigofera trita (Asian indigo)	Present			ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Inga punctata (ice cream bean tree)	Present, Widespread	Native		IUCN (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea alba (white moonflower )	Present	Native		Staples (2017); Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea aquatica (swamp morning-glory)	Present	Introduced		Snyder et al. (1981); Nahlik and Mitsch (2006)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morning glory)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea carnea	Present			Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (bush morning glory)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea hederifolia (scarlet-creeper )	Present	Native		Staples (2016); Witt and Luke (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea imperati	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea indica (ocean blue morning-glory)	Present			Staples (2017); USDA-ARS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea nil (white edge morning-glory)	Present	Native		Staples (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea purpurea (tall morning glory)	Present	Native		Davidse et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea quamoclit (cypress vine)	Present		Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012); Staples (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ipomoea triloba (three-lobe morning glory)	Present, Localized			Ordetx (1949); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ixora casei (giant red ixora)	Present	Introduced		Flora Mesoamericana (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Jacaranda mimosifolia (jacaranda)	Present, Planted	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Jasminum fluminense (Brazilian jasmine)	Present	Introduced		Davidse et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Jasminum multiflorum (star jasmine)	Present	Introduced		Green (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Jatropha curcas (jatropha)	Present, Planted	Native		USA, USDA-ARS (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush)	Present, Widespread	Native		Ocampo and Balick (2009); USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Juncus effusus (common rush)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Balslev (1996); Kirschner (2002)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Juncus tenuis (slender rush)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Justicia pectoralis (freshcut)	Present	Native		Durkee (1986)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Kalanchoe delagoensis (chandelier plant)	Present	Introduced		Morales (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Kalanchoe pinnata (cathedral bells)	Present	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lagerstroemia indica (Indian crape myrtle)	Present	Introduced		Davidse et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lagerstroemia speciosa (Pride of India)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lantana camara (lantana)	Present, Widespread	Native		Schemske (1983)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Laportea aestuans	Present			Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lawsonia inermis (Egyptian privet)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Davidse et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leersia hexandra (southern cut grass)	Present			Pyrah (1969)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lemna perpusilla (duckweed)	Present			GBIF (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leonotis nepetifolia (Christmas candlestick)	Present	Introduced		Davidse et al. (2012); GBIF (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leonurus japonicus (honeyweed)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lepidium virginicum (Virginian peppercress)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leptochloa fusca (sprangletop)	Present	Native		WCSP (2018); PIER (2014); USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leptochloa mucronata (mucronate sprangletop )	Present	Native		eMonocot (2016); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); PIER (2016); Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ligustrum lucidum (broad-leaf privet)	Present	Introduced		Davidse et al. (2009)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Limnobium laevigatum (South American spongeplant)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Limnocharis flava (yellow bur-head)	Present	Native		Ingold (1995)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lindernia crustacea (Malaysian false pimpernel)	Present			Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Livistona chinensis (Chinese fan palm)	Present	Introduced		Holdridge and Poveda (1975)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ludwigia grandiflora (water primrose)	Present			GBIF (2009); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ludwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ludwigia palustris (marsh seedbox)	Present	Native		POWO (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ludwigia peploides (water primrose)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (1997); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Luffa acutangula (angled luffa)	Present			Encyclopedia of Life (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Luffa aegyptiaca (loofah)	Present			Zipcode Zoo (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro)	Present	Native		Flora Mesoamericana (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Malvaviscus arboreus (wax mallow)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Malvaviscus penduliflorus (Turk's cap mallow)	Present	Introduced		Flora Mesoamericana (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mangifera indica (mango)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Manilkara zapota (sapodilla)	Present	Native		Govaerts (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Maranta arundinacea (arrowroot)	Present	Native		Govaerts (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Medicago polymorpha (bur clover)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Melaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree)	Present, Planted	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Melia azedarach (Chinaberry)	Present, Planted	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Melicoccus bijugatus (Spanish lime)	Present	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Melinis minutiflora (molasses grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	CABI (Undated); Missouri Botanical Garden (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Melinis repens (natal redtop)	Present, Widespread	Introduced		GBIF (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Merremia aegyptia (hairy woodrose)	Present	Native		Austin et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Merremia cissoides (roadside woodrose)	Present	Native		Austin et al. (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Merremia tuberosa (woodrose)	Present	Native		Hammel (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mesosphaerum pectinatum (comb bushmint)	Present, Widespread	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Miconia calvescens (miconia)	Present, Localized	Native		Meyer (1994); Alves et al. (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Microstegium vimineum (Nepalese browntop)	Present, Few occurrences	Introduced	Invasive	Bien et al. (2008); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mikania micrantha (bitter vine)	Present	Native		Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010); PIER (2015); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mimosa diplotricha (giant sensitive plant)	Present	Native		Barneby (1991)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant)	Present, Localized	Native		Janzen (1983); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant)	Present, Widespread	Native		Holm et al. (1977); Barneby (1991)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock flower)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Momordica charantia (bitter gourd)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012); Holm et al. (1991)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Montanoa hibiscifolia (tree daisy)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Moringa oleifera (horse radish tree)	Present, Planted	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Morus alba (mora)	Present			Peraza-Padilla (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean)	Present			ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry)	Present, Widespread	Native		Flora, Mesoamericana (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Murdannia nudiflora (doveweed)	Present	Introduced		Rojas et al. (2002)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Murraya paniculata (orange jessamine)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mussaenda erythrophylla (red flag bush)	Present	Introduced		Burger and Taylor (1993)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Mussaenda philippica (Queen of Philippines)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrot's feather)	Present	Introduced		EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Myroxylon balsamum (Peru balsam)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Nelsonia canescens (blue pussyleaf)	Present			Durkee (1986)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Neomarica caerulea (walking iris)	Present	Introduced		Davidse et al. (1994)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Nerium oleander (oleander)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Gentry and D'Arcy (1986); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Nopalea cochenillifera (cochineal cactus)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Noronhia emarginata (Madagascar olive)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Nymphaea ampla (dot-leaf water-lily)	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Nymphaea lotus (white Egyptian lotus)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	USDA-ARS (2016); Randall (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Odontonema callistachyum (purple firespike)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Odontonema cuspidatum (Cardinal’s guard)	Present	Introduced		INBio (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Oeceoclades maculata (monk orchid)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Dressler (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Oldenlandia lancifolia (calycose mille graines)	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear)	Present, Planted	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Oryza rufipogon (wild rice)	Present, Widespread			Holm et al. (1979); Rojas and Agüero (1996)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Oxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel)	Present			Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pachira aquatica (pachira nut)	Present	Native		Flora Mesoamericana (2017); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Panicum repens (torpedo grass)	Present			Retana-Sánchez et al. (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Parkinsonia aculeata (Mexican palo-verde)	Present, Planted	Native		ILDIS (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Parmentiera aculeata (cucumber tree)	Absent, Formerly present			Burger et al. (2000)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Parthenium hysterophorus (parthenium weed)	Present	Native		Dale (1981); Parsons and Cuthbertson (1992); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalidium geminatum (Egyptian paspalidium)	Present, Localized	Native		Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass)	Present	Native		CABI (Undated); Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum dilatatum (dallisgrass)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum distichum (knotgrass)	Present	Native		Chase (1929); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum fasciculatum (bull grass)	Present	Native		Blydenstein (1966); USDA-ARS (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass)	Present			Clayton et al. (2018); USDA-ARS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum paniculatum (Russell River grass)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum urvillei (Vasey grass)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Paspalum virgatum (sword grass)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Passiflora edulis (passionfruit)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower)	Present	Native		Killip (1938)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Passiflora ligularis (sweet granadilla)	Present, Widespread	Native		Davidse et al. (1994)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Passiflora quadrangularis (giant granadilla)	Present			CABI Data Mining (undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Passiflora suberosa (corkystem passionflower)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (banana passionfruit)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu grass)	Present, Localized	Introduced	Invasive	Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pennisetum polystachion (mission grass)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2008); USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pentas lanceolata (Egyptian starcluster)	Present	Introduced		Soto and Vega (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Persicaria punctata (dotted smartweed)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Petiveria alliacea (guinea hen weed)	Present	Native		Cardenas and Coulston (1967); Morales (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean)	Present			ILDIS (2014); USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Phragmites australis (common reed)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2008); USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Phyllanthus urinaria (leafflower)	Present, Widespread	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Phyllostachys aurea (golden bamboo)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012); USDA-APHIS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Physalis angulata (cutleaf groundcherry)	Present			Missouri Botanical Garden (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pimenta dioica (allspice)	Present			CABI Data Mining (undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pimenta racemosa (bay rum tree)	Present	Native		GBIF (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine)	Present	Introduced		FAO (2001); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pinus oocarpa (ocote pine)	Present, Planted			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Piper aduncum (spiked pepper)	Present	Native		Starr et al. (2003); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Piper auritum	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce)	Present			USDA-ARS (2009); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pithecellobium dulce (Manila tamarind)	Present	Native		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Plantago major (broad-leaved plantain)	Present			Holm et al. (1979); Solórzano-Morales et al. (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Plectranthus amboinicus (Indian borage)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Flora Mesoamericana (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Plectranthus scutellarioides (coleus)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Gargiullo et al. (2008); Flora Mesoamericana (2014); Govaerts (2014); Missouri Botanical Garden (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pluchea carolinensis (sourbush)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Poa annua (annual meadowgrass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	CABI (Undated); Holm et al. (1991)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Polycarpon tetraphyllum (fourleaf allseed)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Polypogon monspeliensis (annual beard grass)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Portulaca oleracea (purslane)	Present	Introduced		Burger (1971)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Portulaca pilosa (kiss-me-quick)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2015); USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Potamogeton crispus (curlyleaf pondweed)	Present			GBIF (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Prosopis juliflora (mesquite)	Present	Native		Burkart (1976); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Prunella vulgaris (self-heal)	Present	Native		WCSP (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pseudelephantopus spicatus (false elephant’s foot)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides (Mexican flamevine)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Govaerts (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Psidium guajava (guava)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	World Agroforestry Centre (2002); USDA-ARS (2012); FAO (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pueraria phaseoloides (tropical kudzu)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Pyracantha coccinea (scarlet firethorn)	Present	Introduced		ZipcodeZoo (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Quamoclit hederifolia	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ricinus communis (castor bean)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012); Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rivina humilis (bloodberry)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rosa multiflora (multiflora rose)	Present			Missouri Botanical Garden (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rotala ramosior	Present			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass)	Present	Introduced		Millhollon and Burner (1993); Rojas et al. (1993); Calvo Domingo et al. (1996); Valverde et al. (1999); Chacón and Saborío (2012); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Roystonea oleracea (Caribbean royal palm)	Present			Missouri Botanical Garden (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rubus ellipticus (yellow Himalayan raspberry)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rubus niveus (Mysore raspberry)	Present	Introduced		ISSG (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rubus rosifolius (roseleaf raspberry)	Present	Introduced		Davidse et al. (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rumex acetosella (sheep's sorrel)	Present	Introduced		Holm et al. (1997)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rumex crispus (curled dock)	Present			Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rumex obtusifolius (broad-leaved dock)	Present			Núñez-Rodríguez et al. (2021)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ruta chalepensis	Present			Solórzano-Morales et al. (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Rytidostylis carthagenensis	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Villalobos et al. (2002)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sacciolepis indica (glen woodgrass)	Present, Widespread	Introduced	Invasive	INBio Costa Rica (2012); Missouri Botanical Garden (2012); CABI (Undated);
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Salix humboldtiana (pencil willow)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Salvia occidentalis (West Indian sage)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Samanea saman (rain tree)	Present	Native		Janzen (1982); ILDIS (2002)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sambucus canadensis (American black elderberry)	Present	Native		POWO (2020)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sanchezia parvibracteata (sanchezia)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sansevieria hyacinthoides (African bowstring hemp)	Present	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sansevieria trifasciata (mother-in-law’s tongue)	Present	Introduced		Hammel et al. (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Schinus molle (false pepper tree)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Schismus arabicus (Arabian schismus)	Present			Missouri Botanical Garden (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Schizolobium parahyba (Brazilian fern tree)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sechium edule (chayote)	Present	Introduced		Lira (1996); Villalobos et al. (2002)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna alata (candle bush)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna bacillaris (whitebark senna)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2014); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna hirsuta (hairy senna)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna multijuga (November shower)	Present, Planted			USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna occidentalis (coffee senna)	Present	Native		Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna septemtrionalis (smooth senna)	Present	Native		ILDIS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Senna spectabilis (whitebark senna)	Present			Missouri Botanical Garden (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Setaria palmifolia (palm grass)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Setaria parviflora (knotroot foxtail)	Present, Widespread	Native		GBIF (2012); Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sida acuta (sida)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sida linifolia (flaxleaf fanpetals)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sida repens (Javanese fanpetals)	Present	Native		Fryxell (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Silene gallica (common catchfly)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum americanum	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum erianthum (potato tree)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2014); Flora of Nicaragua (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum mammosum (nipplefruit nightshade)	Present			Lim (2013); USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum nigrum (black nightshade)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum quitoense (naranjilla)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	USDA-ARS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum seaforthianum (Brazilian nightshade)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum torvum (turkey berry)	Present, Localized			Janzen (1968); Holm et al. (1991); EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum tuberosum (potato)	Present			Flora Mesoamericana (2014); Montero-Astúa et al. (2002); Montero-Astúa et al. (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum viarum (tropical soda apple)	Present			GBIF (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Solanum wendlandii	Present			CABI Data Mining (2011)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sonchus asper (spiny sow-thistle)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Flora Mesoamericana (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree)	Present, Planted	Introduced	Invasive	Missouri Botanical Garden (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Spermacoce verticillata (shrubby false buttonwood)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sphagneticola trilobata (wedelia)	Present	Native		USA, USDA-ARS (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Spondias purpurea (red mombin)	Present			CABI Data Mining (undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sporobolus pyramidalis (giant rat’s tail grass)	Present			eMonocot (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sporobolus pyramidatus (whorled dropseed)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sporobolus tenuissimus (tropical dropseed)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Stachytarpheta cayennensis (blue snakeweed)	Present, Few occurrences	Native		USDA-ARS (2015); PIER (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Jamaica vervain)	Present			Holm et al. (1991)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Sterculia apetala (Panama tree)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Stictocardia tiliifolia (spottedheart)	Present	Introduced		PROTA (2019); USDA-ARS (2019)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Synedrella nodiflora (synedrella)	Present			CABI (Undated); Sánchez-Monge et al. (2010)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Syngonium podophyllum (arrowhead vine)	Present	Native		Croat (1981); Govaerts (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Syzygium jambos (rose apple)	Present, Planted	Introduced	Invasive	CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tabebuia rosea (pink poui)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tagetes erecta (Mexican marigold)	Present	Introduced		Davidse et al. (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tamarindus indica (tamarind)	Present	Introduced		ILDIS (2010); CABI Data Mining (undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion)	Present	Introduced		Holm et al. (1997)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tecoma capensis (Cape honeysuckle)	Present	Introduced		Ulloa (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tecoma stans (yellow bells)	Present, Widespread	Native		Gentry (1992)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tectona grandis (teak)	Present, Planted			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond)	Present	Introduced		Orwa et al. (2009); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tetragonia tetragonioides (New Zealand spinach)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Thespesia populnea (portia tree)	Present			USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Thunbergia alata (black eyed Susan)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Thunbergia erecta (bush clockvine)	Present	Introduced		Daniel (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Thunbergia fragrans (whitelady)	Present	Introduced		Daniel (1995)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Thunbergia grandiflora (Bengal trumpet)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tibouchina urvilleana (princessflower)	Present			Almeda (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tithonia rotundifolia (red sunflower)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Toona ciliata (toon)	Present, Planted			CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Trachypogon spicatus (spiked crinkleawn)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tradescantia pallida (purple queen)	Present	Introduced		Hammel et al. (2003)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tradescantia spathacea (boat lily)	Present	Introduced		CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tradescantia zebrina (wandering jew)	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Triadica sebifera (Chinese tallow tree)	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Dosch et al. (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine)	Present			Holm et al. (1979)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tridax procumbens (coat buttons)	Present, Localized			EPPO (2022)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Trimezia steyermarkii (yellow walking iris)	Present	Native and Introduced		Barker and Govaerts (2017); Cascante-Marín and Estrada-Chavarría (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Triplaris americana (ant tree)	Present			Grandtner and Chevrette (2013)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tripsacum dactyloides (eastern gamagrass)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Tripsacum latifolium (wideleaf gamagrass)	Present	Native		Clayton et al. (2017)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Triumfetta semitriloba (burweed)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Turbina corymbosa (Christmas vine)	Present	Native		Hammel (2010); USDA-ARS (2018)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Turnera ulmifolia (West Indian holly)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Typha angustifolia (lesser bulrush)	Present			Holm et al. (1991)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Typha domingensis (southern cattail)	Present, Widespread	Native	Invasive	McCoy et al. (1994)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Ulex europaeus (gorse)	Present, Localized	Introduced	Invasive	D'Arcy (1980); ILDIS (2007)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Urena lobata (caesar weed)	Present	Native		Holm et al. (1979); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Urochloa decumbens (signal grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Urochloa mutica (para grass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Urochloa reptans (sprawling signalgrass)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Chacón and Saborío (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Utricularia gibba	Present	Native		Missouri Botanical Garden (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Verbena litoralis (blue vervain)	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Vicia villosa (hairy vetch)	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2015)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Vigna marina (beach bean)	Present	Native		GBIF (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Vitex trifolia	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2016)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Vulpia bromoides (squirreltail fescue)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Vulpia myuros (annual fescue)	Present	Introduced		USDA-ARS (2014)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Xanthosoma sagittifolium (elephant ear)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Youngia japonica (oriental false hawksbeard)	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Gargiullo et al. (2008)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Zingiber officinale (ginger)	Present, Only in captivity/cultivation	Introduced		Flora, Mesoamericana (2016); CABI (Undated)
Eukaryota	Plantae	Spermatophyta	Zoysia matrella (Manila grass)	Present, Localized	Introduced		Hammel et al. (2003)
Eukaryota	Protista	Paramyxea	Marteilia refringens	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Babesia bigemina	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Babesia bovis	Present			CABI Data Mining (2001)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Bonamia exitiosa	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Bonamia ostreae	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Gymnodinium catenatum	Present			Viquez and Hargraves (1995)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Mikrocystos mackini	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Perkinsus marinus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Perkinsus olseni	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Tritrichomonas foetus	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Trypanosoma equiperdum	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Eukaryota	Protista	Protozoa	Trypanosoma evansi	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); Desquesnes (2004); OIE (2019)
Virus			African horse sickness virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			African swine fever virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			alcelaphine herpesvirus 1	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virus			avian infectious bronchitis virus	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Banana streak disease	Present	Native	Invasive	Diekmann and Putter (1996); Pasberg-Gauhl and Lockhart (2000)
Virus			bluetongue virus	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			bovine herpesvirus 1	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			bovine leukemia virus	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			bovine viral diarrhea virus	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			camelpox virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			caprine arthritis encephalitis virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Chelonid herpesvirus 5	Present			Quackenbush et al. (2001)
Virus			Citrus leprosis virus C (leprosis of citrus)	Present			CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated)
Virus			classical swine fever virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			duck hepatitis A virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virus			eastern equine encephalitis virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			equid herpesvirus 1	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			equine arteritis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			equine infectious anaemia virus	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			foot-and-mouth disease virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Haliotid herpesvirus 1	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			infectious bursal disease virus	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			infectious salmon anemia virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			influenza A virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019)
Virus			Iris yellow spot virus (iris yellow spot)	Present			EPPO (2022)
Virus			Japanese encephalitis virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			lumpy skin disease virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			myxoma virus	Present			OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019)
Virus			Nairobi sheep disease virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Newcastle disease virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Nipah virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Papaya ringspot virus	Present			Rivera et al. (1993); CABI and EPPO (2003)
Virus			peste des petits ruminants virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Plantago asiatica mosaic virus	Present	Introduced		Montero-Astúa et al. (2017); EPPO (2022)
Virus			Potato spindle tuber viroid (spindle tuber of potato)	Present			CABI and EPPO (2014); Badilla et al. (1999); EPPO (2022)
Virus			rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			rabies virus	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			red sea bream iridovirus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Rift Valley fever virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			rinderpest virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			spring viraemia of carp virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Squash leaf curl virus (leaf curl of squash)	Present			Smith et al. (1997); EPPO (2022)
Virus			Sugarcane mosaic virus (sugarcane mosaic)	Present			ISSCT (1989); EPPO (2022)
Virus			Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (internal cork disease of sweet potato)	Present			CABI (Undated)
Virus			swine vesicular disease virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virus			Taura syndrome virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (tomato spotted wilt)	Present			UK, CAB International (1978); EPPO (2022)
Virus			Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (leaf curl)	Present			EPPO (2022); Barboza et al. (2014);
Virus			Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus	Present			OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
Virus			vesicular stomatitis virus	Present			OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virus			viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			visna/maedi virus	Absent, No presence record(s)			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			West Nile virus	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			western equine encephalitis virus	Absent			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Virus			White spot syndrome virus	Present			OIE (2019); OIE (2019)

List of Species CSV Output

Top of page

Generate a spreadsheet of the List of Species which also includes records from basic datasheets.

Basic datasheets include data mined from various sources (including the CAB Abstracts database and selected invasive species databases). Further confirmation of distribution status should be sought before use.

Download CSV file

List of Animal Diseases

Top of page

The table lists the animal diseases recorded in the Compendium for this region (from the full disease datasheets). For further information, please follow the link to the datasheet.

Disease	Distribution	References
abalone viral ganglioneuritis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
acarapisosis of honey bees	Present	OIE (2009)
Aeromonas infection in fish	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2009)
African horse sickness	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
African swine fever	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
American foul brood	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2009); OIE (2019)
anthrax	Present	OIE (2019); Food & Agriculture Organization (1972); OIE (1997); OIE (2019)
Aujeszky's disease	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2009)
avian chlamydiosis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
avian infectious bronchitis	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
avian influenza	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2009); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019)
avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum)	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma synoviae)	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
babesiosis	Present	OIE (2009); Perez et al. (1994); Alvarez and Herrero (1996); Vargas et al. (1997); CABI (Undated)
Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans infection	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
bluetongue	Present	OIE (2019); Thompson et al. (1992); OIE (2019)
Bonamia roughleyi (Australian winter disease) of oysters	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
bonamiosis (Bonamia exitiosa)	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
bonamiosis (Bonamia ostreae)	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Borrelia anserina infections	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
bovine anaplasmosis	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
bovine babesiosis	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
bovine genital campylobacteriosis	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
bovine herpesvirus 1 infections	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
bovine immunodeficiency virus infection	Present	Hidalgo et al. (1995)
bovine spongiform encephalopathy	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
bovine tuberculosis	Present	OIE (2018); OIE (2018)
bovine venereal trichomonosis	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
bovine viral diarrhoea	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
brucellosis (Brucella abortus)	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
brucellosis (Brucella ovis)	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
camel pox	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
caprine arthritis encephalitis	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Chrysomya bezziana infestation	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Chytridiomycosis	Present, Widespread	Puschendorf et al. (2009)
classical swine fever	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Clostridium perfringens enteritis and enterotoxaemia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Cochliomyia hominivorax infestation	Absent, Eradicated	Wyss (2000); OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
contagious agalactia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
contagious bovine pleuropneumonia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
contagious caprine pleuropneumonia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
contagious ecthyma	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
contagious equine metritis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
contagious ophthalmia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
crayfish plague	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
cryptosporidiosis in livestock and poultry	Present	Achí and Mata (1997); Luna et al. (2002)
Denman island disease	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Digenean infections of fish	Present	Chandler et al. (1995)
dourine	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
duck viral enteritis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
duck virus hepatitis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Echinococcus	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2009)
Echinococcus granulosus	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Echinococcus multilocularis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
enzootic abortion of ewes	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
enzootic bovine leukosis	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
epizootic haematopoietic necrosis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
epizootic haemorrhagic disease	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
epizootic lymphangitis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
epizootic ulcerative syndrome	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
equine coital exanthema	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern)	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
equine encephalomyelitis (Western)	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
equine infectious anaemia	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
equine piroplasmosis	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
equine rhinopneumonitis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
equine viral arteritis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Escherichia coli infections	Present	Pérez et al. (1998)
European foul brood	Present	Calderón and Sánchez (2011); OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
fibropapillomatosis of sea turtles	Present	Herbst (1994)
foot-and-mouth disease in pigs	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
foot-and-mouth disease in ruminants	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
fowl typhoid	Present, Localized	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Fusobacterium necrophorum infections	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
glanders	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Gyrodactylus salaris infection	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2009); OIE (2019)
haemorrhagic septicaemia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
haplosporidiosis of pacific oysters	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
heartwater	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
hepatitis E virus infection	Present, Widespread	CABI (Undated)
horse pox	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
infection with Marteilia refringens	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
infection with Perkinsus marinus	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
infection with Perkinsus olseni	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Infection with salmonid alphavirus	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
infectious bursal disease	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
infectious haematopoietic necrosis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
infectious laryngotracheitis	Present	OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (1998); OIE (2019)
infectious salmon anaemia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Japanese encephalitis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
koi herpesvirus disease	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
leishmaniosis	Present, Localized	Mendoza et al. (1983)
leptospirosis	Present	OIE (2009)
listeriosis	Present	Schuchat et al. (1991); OIE Handistatus (2005); CABI (Undated)
lumpy skin disease	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
malignant catarrhal fever	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Marek's disease	Present	OIE (2009)
Mycoplasma agalactiae infections	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2009)
myxomatosis	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Nairobi sheep disease	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
necrotizing hepatopancreatitis	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
neosporosis	Present	Perez et al. (1998)
Newcastle disease	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Nipah virus infection	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Oncorhynchus masou virus disease	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
paratuberculosis	Present	OIE (2019); Dolz et al. (1999); OIE (2019)
peste des petits ruminants	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
porcine enterovirus infections	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2009)
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
pullorum disease	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
pulmonary adenomatosis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Q fever	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
rabbit haemorrhagic disease	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
rabies	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2009); OIE (2019)
red sea bream iridoviral disease	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Rift Valley fever	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
rinderpest	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
rotavirus infections in livestock and poultry	Present, Localized	Hird et al. (1990)
scrapie	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
sheep and goat pox	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
small hive beetle infestation	Present	OIE (2020); OIE (2009); OIE (2020)
spring viraemia of carp	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Staphylococcus aureus infections	Present, Widespread	Graaf et al. (1997)
surra	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); Desquesnes (2004); OIE (2019)
swine vesicular disease	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Taura syndrome	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2009); OIE (2019)
theileriosis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
torovirus infections	Present	Koopmans and Horzinek (1994); Pérez et al. (1998)
trichomonosis	Present	OIE (2009)
Tropilaelaps infestation of honey bees	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
trypanosomosis	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
tuberculosis	Present	OIE (2019); Fisanotti et al. (1998); OIE (2019)
tularaemia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Ureaplasma infections	Present	León et al. (1994)
varroosis of honey bees	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Venezuelan equine encephalitis	Present	OIE (2020); OIE (2020)
vesicular stomatitis	Present	OIE (2009); Nichol (1988); Rodriguez et al. (1990)
viral haemorrhagic septicaemia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
visna/maedi	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
West Nile fever	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2009); OIE (2019)
white spot disease	Present	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
white tail disease	Absent	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
Xenohaliotis californiensis infection	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)
yellow head disease	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019); OIE (2019)

List of Animal Diseases CSV Output

Top of page

Generate a spreadsheet of the List of Animal Diseases which also includes records from basic datasheets.

Basic datasheets include data mined from various sources (including the CAB Abstracts database). Further confirmation of distribution status should be sought before use.

Download CSV file

Agricultural Production

Top of page

Crop		2019	2018	2017	2016	2015
Artichokes	Area harvested	4 Im	4 Im	4 Im	5 Im	5 Im
	Production quantity	18 Im	19 Im	21 Im	24 Im	26 Im
	Yield	45,000 Fc	47,500 Fc	52,500 Fc	48,000 Fc	52,000 Fc
Asparagus	Area harvested	37 Im	36 Im	35 Im	34 Im	33 Im
	Production quantity	157 Im	154 Im	150 Im	146 Im	141 Im
	Yield	42,432 Fc	42,778 Fc	42,857 Fc	42,941 Fc	42,727 Fc
Avocados	Area harvested	3,180 Im	3,000	3,092	3,092	3,004
	Production quantity	16,746 Im	15,000	12,368	12,368	12,158
	Yield	52,660 Fc	50,000 Fc	40,000 Fc	40,000 Fc	40,473 Fc
Bananas	Area harvested	43,169 Im	42,990 Im	46,620 Im	46,651 *	44,142 Im
	Production quantity	2,437,381 Im	2,410,965 Im	2,629,758 Im	2,659,710 *	2,470,437 Im
	Yield	564,614 Fc	560,820 Fc	564,084 Fc	570,129 Fc	559,657 Fc
Beans, dry	Area harvested	16,729	17,520	17,879	21,593	23,147
	Production quantity	8,352	11,713	9,143	16,474	16,848
	Yield	4,993 Fc	6,686 Fc	5,114 Fc	7,629 Fc	7,279 Fc
Beans, green	Area harvested	545 Im	522 Im	499 Im	477 Im	467 Im
	Production quantity	541 Im	519 Im	496 Im	474 Im	465 Im
	Yield	9,927 Fc	9,943 Fc	9,940 Fc	9,937 Fc	9,957 Fc
Berries nes	Area harvested	57 Im	56 Im	56 Im	55 Im	54 Im
	Production quantity	838 Im	844 Im	854 Im	860 Im	868 Im
	Yield	147,018 Fc	150,714 Fc	152,500 Fc	156,364 Fc	160,741 Fc
Cabbages and other brassicas	Area harvested	823 Im	824	824	822	831
	Production quantity	28,806 Im	28,650	28,650	28,510	32,790
	Yield	350,012 Fc	347,694 Fc	347,694 Fc	346,837 Fc	394,585 Fc
Carrots and turnips	Area harvested	850 Im	911	959	909	960
	Production quantity	28,303 Im	28,950	33,350	31,350	33,308
	Yield	332,976 Fc	317,783 Fc	347,758 Fc	344,884 Fc	346,958 Fc
Cassava	Area harvested	10,672 Im	10,636	9,996	10,106	9,095
	Production quantity	159,861 Im	159,540	149,940	151,590	136,425
	Yield	149,795 Fc	150,000 Fc	150,000 Fc	150,000 Fc	150,000 Fc
Cauliflowers and broccoli	Area harvested	44 Im	45 Im	46 Im	46 Im	49 Im
	Production quantity	311 Im	319 Im	326 Im	333 Im	351 Im
	Yield	70,682 Fc	70,889 Fc	70,870 Fc	72,391 Fc	71,633 Fc
Cereals, Total	Area harvested	35,117 A	42,149 A	42,769 A	53,124 A	53,193 A
	Production quantity	160,046 A	163,925 A	159,571 A	213,880 A	203,816 A
	Yield	45,575 Fc	38,892 Fc	37,310 Fc	40,261 Fc	38,316 Fc
Chillies and peppers, green	Area harvested	192 Im	189 Im	187 Im	183 Im	181 Im
	Production quantity	596 Im	596 Im	596 Im	596 Im	594 Im
	Yield	31,042 Fc	31,534 Fc	31,872 Fc	32,568 Fc	32,818 Fc
Citrus Fruit, Total	Area harvested	27,685 A	28,607 A	27,929 A	27,452 A	26,949 A
	Production quantity	287,613 A	296,149 A	292,923 A	287,571 A	282,375 A
	Yield	103,888 Fc	103,523 Fc	104,881 Fc	104,754 Fc	104,781 Fc
Cocoa, beans	Area harvested	4,024 Im	4,344	4,000	4,000	4,491
	Production quantity	500 *	550	545	650	600
	Yield	1,243 Fc	1,266 Fc	1,363 Fc	1,625 Fc	1,336 Fc
Coconuts	Area harvested	1,404 Im	1,500	1,500	1,500	1,500
	Production quantity	15,062 Im	15,600 Im	15,113 Im	14,626 Im	13,986 Im
	Yield	107,279 Fc	104,000 Fc	100,753 Fc	97,507 Fc	93,240 Fc
Coffee, green	Area harvested	93,697	93,697	93,697	84,133	84,133
	Production quantity	84,096	78,434	90,419	93,720	83,846
	Yield	8,975 Fc	8,371 Fc	9,650 Fc	11,140 Fc	9,966 Fc
Cucumbers and gherkins	Area harvested	186 Im	183 Im	180 Im	178 Im	179 Im
	Production quantity	1,685 Im	1,661 Im	1,637 Im	1,613 Im	1,627 Im
	Yield	90,591 Fc	90,765 Fc	90,944 Fc	90,618 Fc	90,894 Fc
Eggplants (aubergines)	Area harvested	19 Im	18 Im	18 Im	18 Im	18 Im
	Production quantity	98 Im	96 Im	95 Im	93 Im	93 Im
	Yield	51,579 Fc	53,333 Fc	52,778 Fc	51,667 Fc	51,667 Fc
Fibre Crops Primary	Area harvested	1,914 A	1,917 A	1,921 A	1,966 A	1,927 A
	Production quantity	1,205 A	1,209 A	1,214 A	1,218 A	1,230 A
	Yield	6,296 Fc	6,307 Fc	6,320 Fc	6,195 Fc	6,383 Fc
Fruit Primary	Area harvested	200,037 A	203,339 A	204,143 A	198,546 A	188,200 A
	Production quantity	7,009,841 A	7,053,367 A	7,114,124 A	6,759,457 A	6,382,689 A
	Yield	350,427 Fc	346,877 Fc	348,487 Fc	340,448 Fc	339,144 Fc
Fruit, fresh nes	Area harvested	59,195 Im	57,144 Im	54,887 Im	52,082 Im	49,263 Im
	Production quantity	385,345 Im	376,000 F	365,000 F	350,000 F	340,000 F
	Yield	65,098 Fc	65,799 Fc	66,500 Fc	67,202 Fc	69,017 Fc
Fruit, tropical fresh nes	Area harvested	1,080 Im	1,116	1,113	1,112	1,103
	Production quantity	7,806 Im	8,395	8,374	8,006	11,030
	Yield	72,278 Fc	75,224 Fc	75,238 Fc	71,996 Fc	100,000 Fc
Ginger	Area harvested	229 Im	314	324	309	338
	Production quantity	2,500 Im	3,135	3,888	3,708	4,056
	Yield	109,170 Fc	99,841 Fc	120,000 Fc	120,000 Fc	120,000 Fc
Grapefruit (inc. pomelos)	Area harvested	2,784 Im	2,745 Im	2,707 Im	2,670 Im	2,639 Im
	Production quantity	21,192 Im	21,018 Im	20,844 Im	20,670 Im	20,584 Im
	Yield	76,121 Fc	76,568 Fc	77,000 Fc	77,416 Fc	77,999 Fc
Groundnuts, with shell	Area harvested	206 Im	204 Im	202 Im	200 Im	196 Im
	Production quantity	225 Im	224 Im	223 Im	223 Im	221 Im
	Yield	10,922 Fc	10,980 Fc	11,040 Fc	11,150 Fc	11,276 Fc
Leeks, other alliaceous vegetables	Area harvested	9 Im	8 Im	8 Im	8 Im	8 Im
	Production quantity	85 Im	83 Im	80 Im	78 Im	76 Im
	Yield	94,444 Fc	103,750 Fc	100,000 Fc	97,500 Fc	95,000 Fc
Lemons and limes	Area harvested	1,901 Im	1,862 Im	1,822 Im	1,782 Im	1,705 Im
	Production quantity	39,513 Im	38,357 Im	37,202 Im	36,046 Im	34,947 Im
	Yield	207,854 Fc	205,999 Fc	204,182 Fc	202,278 Fc	204,968 Fc
Lettuce and chicory	Area harvested	203 Im	199 Im	196 Im	192 Im	197 Im
	Production quantity	568 Im	558 Im	548 Im	538 Im	550 Im
	Yield	27,980 Fc	28,040 Fc	27,959 Fc	28,021 Fc	27,919 Fc
Maize	Area harvested	3,460	3,377	4,439	4,910	4,295
	Production quantity	6,241	5,614	6,720	9,542	8,072
	Yield	18,038 Fc	16,624 Fc	15,139 Fc	19,434 Fc	18,794 Fc
Mangoes, mangosteens, guavas	Area harvested	6,629 Im	6,661	6,490	6,240	5,162
	Production quantity	53,754 Im	53,288	51,920	49,920	38,642
	Yield	81,089 Fc	80,000 Fc	80,000 Fc	80,000 Fc	74,859 Fc
Manila fibre (abaca)	Area harvested	1,044 Im	1,049 Im	1,055 Im	1,060 Im	1,067 Im
	Production quantity	1,205 Im	1,209 Im	1,214 Im	1,218 Im	1,230 Im
	Yield	11,542 Fc	11,525 Fc	11,507 Fc	11,491 Fc	11,528 Fc
Melons, other (inc.cantaloupes)	Area harvested	4,107	4,437	5,010	5,163	5,566
	Production quantity	124,853	143,015	144,588	150,261	177,724
	Yield	304,000 Fc	322,324 Fc	288,599 Fc	291,034 Fc	319,303 Fc
Nuts nes	Area harvested	129 Im	92	92	92	92
	Production quantity	50 Im	34	34	34	34
	Yield	3,876 Fc	3,696 Fc	3,696 Fc	3,696 Fc	3,696 Fc
Oil palm fruit	Area harvested	76,720	76,910	76,860	72,456	69,426
	Production quantity	1,081,800	1,087,800	1,095,800	1,089,448	816,000
	Yield	141,006 Fc	141,438 Fc	142,571 Fc	150,360 Fc	117,535 Fc
Oilcrops	Area harvested	79,473 A	79,752 A	79,695 A	75,327 A	72,249 A
	Production quantity	1,113,187 A	1,119,023 A	1,125,835 A	1,118,312 A	843,637 A
	Yield	140,071 Fc	140,313 Fc	141,268 Fc	148,461 Fc	116,768 Fc
Oilcrops, Cake Equivalent	Area harvested	79,473 A	79,752 A	79,695 A	75,327 A	72,249 A
	Production quantity	44,516 A	44,324 A	44,113 A	43,460 A	34,520 A
	Yield	5,601 Fc	5,558 Fc	5,535 Fc	5,770 Fc	4,778 Fc
Oilcrops, Oil Equivalent	Area harvested	79,473 A	79,752 A	79,695 A	75,327 A	72,249 A
	Production quantity	242,154 A	243,318 A	244,784 A	243,128 A	183,363 A
	Yield	30,470 Fc	30,509 Fc	30,715 Fc	32,276 Fc	25,379 Fc
Oilseeds nes	Production quantity	15,319 Im	14,616 Im	13,913 Im	13,209 Im	12,602 Im
Onions, dry	Area harvested	1,181	1,323	1,268	1,278	1,393
	Production quantity	40,150	40,644	38,779	35,181	41,928
	Yield	339,966 Fc	307,211 Fc	305,828 Fc	275,282 Fc	300,991 Fc
Onions, shallots, green	Area harvested	18 Im	17 Im	16 Im	16 Im	15 Im
	Production quantity	104 Im	101 Im	99 Im	96 Im	94 Im
	Yield	57,778 Fc	59,412 Fc	61,875 Fc	60,000 Fc	62,667 Fc
Oranges	Area harvested	23,000	24,000	23,400	23,000	22,605
	Production quantity	226,908	236,774	234,877	230,855	226,844
	Yield	98,656 Fc	98,656 Fc	100,375 Fc	100,372 Fc	100,351 Fc
Papayas	Area harvested	954 Im	950	900	1,100	1,000
	Production quantity	86,567 Im	85,500	54,000	100,000	90,000
	Yield	907,411 Fc	900,000 Fc	600,000 Fc	909,091 Fc	900,000 Fc
Pepper (piper spp.)	Area harvested	327 Im	436	418	388	210
	Production quantity	1,669 Im	1,806	1,690	1,138	2,028
	Yield	51,040 Fc	41,422 Fc	40,431 Fc	29,330 Fc	96,571 Fc
Pineapples	Area harvested	40,000	45,000	45,000	43,000	40,000
	Production quantity	3,328,100	3,418,155	3,317,028	2,923,158	2,771,577
	Yield	832,025 Fc	759,590 Fc	737,117 Fc	679,804 Fc	692,894 Fc
Plantains and others	Area harvested	10,367 Im	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000
	Production quantity	111,470 Im	105,000	110,000	110,000	110,000
	Yield	107,524 Fc	105,000 Fc	110,000 Fc	110,000 Fc	110,000 Fc
Potatoes	Area harvested	3,328	3,682	3,504	3,967	3,674
	Production quantity	83,811	93,567	89,620	97,979	90,576
	Yield	251,836 Fc	254,120 Fc	255,765 Fc	246,985 Fc	246,532 Fc
Pulses, Total	Area harvested	16,729 A	17,520 A	17,879 A	21,593 A	23,147 A
	Production quantity	8,352 A	11,713 A	9,143 A	16,474 A	16,848 A
	Yield	4,993 Fc	6,686 Fc	5,114 Fc	7,629 Fc	7,279 Fc
Rice, paddy	Area harvested	31,657	38,772	38,330	48,214	48,898
	Production quantity	153,805	158,311	152,851	204,338	195,744
	Yield	48,585 Fc	40,831 Fc	39,878 Fc	42,381 Fc	40,031 Fc
Rice, paddy (rice milled equivalent)	Production quantity	102,588 Fc	105,593 Fc	101,952 Fc	136,293 Fc	130,561 Fc
Roots and tubers nes	Area harvested	1,335 Im	1,205	1,221	1,257	1,217
	Production quantity	12,844 Im	10,479	13,554	13,999	12,984
	Yield	96,210 Fc	86,963 Fc	111,007 Fc	111,368 Fc	106,689 Fc
Roots and Tubers, Total	Area harvested	19,092 A	18,934 A	19,015 A	19,472 A	17,512 A
	Production quantity	304,315 A	307,136 A	308,005 A	316,185 A	285,500 A
	Yield	159,394 Fc	162,214 Fc	161,980 Fc	162,379 Fc	163,031 Fc
Rubber, natural	Area harvested	M	M	M	M	M
Rubber, natural	Production quantity	M	M	M	M	M
Seed cotton	Area harvested	870 Im	868 Im	866 Im	906 Im	860 Im
	Production quantity	616 Im	620 Im	625 Im	647 Im	667 Im
	Yield	7,080 Fc	7,143 Fc	7,217 Fc	7,141 Fc	7,756 Fc
Sesame seed	Area harvested	273 Im	270 Im	267 Im	265 Im	267 Im
	Production quantity	165 Im	163 Im	161 Im	159 Im	161 Im
	Yield	6,044 Fc	6,037 Fc	6,030 Fc	6,000 Fc	6,030 Fc
Sorghum	Area harvested	M	M	M	M	M
Sorghum	Production quantity	M	M	M	M	M
Soybeans	Area harvested	M	M	M	M	M
Soybeans	Production quantity	M	M	M	M	M
Spinach	Area harvested	15 Im	14 Im	13 Im	13 Im	12 Im
	Production quantity	75 Im	72 Im	69 Im	67 Im	65 Im
	Yield	50,000 Fc	51,429 Fc	53,077 Fc	51,538 Fc	54,167 Fc
Strawberries	Area harvested	152 Im	150	151	151	171
	Production quantity	4,462 Im	4,300	4,300	4,669	5,440
	Yield	293,553 Fc	286,667 Fc	284,768 Fc	309,205 Fc	318,129 Fc
Sugar cane	Area harvested	62,630	60,000	64,250	65,485	64,676
	Production quantity	4,421,210	4,142,143	4,158,370	4,265,913	4,344,048 *
	Yield	705,925 Fc	690,357 Fc	647,217 Fc	651,434 Fc	671,663 Fc
Sugar Crops Primary	Area harvested	62,630 A	60,000 A	64,250 A	65,485 A	64,676 A
	Production quantity	4,421,210 A	4,142,143 A	4,158,370 A	4,265,913 A	4,344,048 A
	Yield	705,925 Fc	690,357 Fc	647,217 Fc	651,434 Fc	671,663 Fc
Sweet potatoes	Area harvested	201 Im	218 Im	151 Im	201 Im	168 Im
	Production quantity	601 Im	650 F	450 F	600 F	500 F
	Yield	29,900 Fc	29,817 Fc	29,801 Fc	29,851 Fc	29,762 Fc
Tobacco, unmanufactured	Area harvested	9 Im	8	8	8	20
	Production quantity	18 Im	16	14	14	40
	Yield	20,000 Fc	20,000 Fc	17,500 Fc	17,500 Fc	20,000 Fc
Tomatoes	Area harvested	1,134 Im	1,100	1,100	1,100	1,118
	Production quantity	60,034 Im	57,238	57,238	57,238	68,000
	Yield	529,400 Fc	520,345 Fc	520,345 Fc	520,345 Fc	608,229 Fc
Treenuts, Total	Area harvested	129 A	92 A	92 A	92 A	92 A
	Production quantity	50 A	34 A	34 A	34 A	34 A
	Yield	3,876 Fc	3,696 Fc	3,696 Fc	3,696 Fc	3,696 Fc
Vegetables Primary	Area harvested	8,277 A	8,419 A	8,388 A	8,324 A	8,522 A
	Production quantity	208,243 A	206,405 A	208,912 A	203,148 A	227,292 A
	Yield	251,592 Fc	245,166 Fc	249,061 Fc	244,051 Fc	266,712 Fc
Vegetables, fresh nes	Area harvested	3,017 Im	3,026 Im	3,035 Im	3,045 Im	3,056 Im
	Production quantity	46,712 Im	46,745 Im	46,778 Im	46,811 Im	47,184 Im
	Yield	154,829 Fc	154,478 Fc	154,129 Fc	153,731 Fc	154,398 Fc
Vegetables, leguminous nes	Area harvested	M	M	M	M	M
Vegetables, leguminous nes	Production quantity	M	M	M	M	M
Watermelons	Area harvested	3,462	3,228	2,895	2,448	1,786
	Production quantity	164,906	136,756	123,011	102,934	72,438
	Yield	476,332 Fc	423,656 Fc	424,908 Fc	420,482 Fc	405,588 Fc
Yams	Area harvested	1,929 Im	1,528	1,575	1,575	1,573
	Production quantity	28,023 Im	22,920	23,625	23,625	23,595
	Yield	145,272 Fc	150,000 Fc	150,000 Fc	150,000 Fc	150,000 Fc
Yautia (cocoyam)	Area harvested	1,627 Im	1,665	2,568	2,366	1,785
	Production quantity	19,175 Im	19,980	30,816	28,392	21,420
	Yield	117,855 Fc	120,000 Fc	120,000 Fc	120,000 Fc	120,000 Fc

Flag
No flag = Official data
* = Unofficial figure
A = Aggregate, may include official, semi-official, estimated or calculated data
F = FAO estimate
Fc = Calculated data
Im = FAO data based on imputation methodology
M = Data not available

Units
Area harvested = ha
Production quantity = tonnes
Yield = hg/ha

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, (2021). FAOSTAT - Food and agriculture data, http://www.fao.org/faostat/. Reproduced with permission.

Land Usage

Top of page

Land Use		2018	2017	2016	2015	2014
Agricultural land	Area	1,783 Fm	1,780 Fm	1,778 Fm	1,778 Fm	1,778 Fm
Agriculture	Area	1,783 Fc	1,780 Fc	1,778 Fc	1,778 Fc	1,778 Fc
Agriculture area under organic agric.	Area	9 I	9 I	8 I	8 I	8 Q
Arable land	Area	253 Fm	252 Fm	268 Fm	254 Fm	225 Fm
Country area	Area	5,110 W	5,110 Q	5,110 W	5,110 W	5,110 Q
Cropland	Area	583 Fm	580 Fm	578 Fm	559 Fm	544 Q
Cropland area under organic agric.	Area	9 I	9 I
Forest land	Area	3,002 Q	2,986 Q	2,969 Q	2,953 Q	2,937 Fm
Inland waters	Area	4 Fm	4 Fm	4 Fm	4 Fm	4 Fm
Land area	Area	5,106 Fm	5,106 Fm	5,106 Fm	5,106 Fm	5,106 Fm
Land area equipped for irrigation	Area	160 Fm	160 Fm	160 Fm	160 Fm	160 I
Land under perm. meadows and pastures	Area	1,200 Fm	1,200 Fm	1,200 Fm	1,219 Q	1,234 Fm
Land under permanent crops	Area	330 Fm	328 W	310 W	305 W	319 W
Land under temporary crops	Area	205 Fm	204 Fm	220 Fm	206 Q	178 Fm
Land used for aquaculture	Area	2 W	2 Q	2 Q	2 Q	2 Q
Land with temporary fallow	Area	48 Fm	48 Q	48 Fm	48 Fm	48 Q
Naturally regenerating forest	Area	2,920 Q	2,905 Q	2,891 Q	2,876 Q	2,862 Fm
Other land	Area	321 Fc	341 Fc	359 Fc	375 Fc	391 Fc
Planted Forest	Area	83 Q	81 Q	79 Q	77 Q	75 Fm
Primary Forest	Area		1,814 Fm	1,814 Fm	1,814 Q	1,715 Fm
Agriculture area certified organic	Area					8 Q

Flag
Fc = Calculated data
Fm = Manual Estimation
I = Country data reported by International Organizations where the country is a member (Semi-official) - WTO, EU, UNSD, etc.
Q = Official data reported on FAO Questionnaires from countries
W = Data reported on country official publications or web sites (Official) or trade country files

Units
Area = 1000 ha

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, (2021). FAOSTAT - Food and agriculture data, http://www.fao.org/faostat/. Reproduced with permission.

Top of page

Invasive Species Compendium

Datasheet

Costa Rica

Toolbox

Costa Rica

Index

Summary

Don't need the entire report?

List of Species

List of Species CSV Output

List of Animal Diseases

List of Animal Diseases CSV Output

Agricultural Production

Land Usage