| | | yellow head virus | Absent | | | OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Clavibacter michiganensis (bacterial canker of tomato) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (bacterial wilt of dry beans) | Present | | | Torres G. et al. (1982); Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (sugarcane ratoon stunting disease) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Mycobacterium bovis | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Bacteroidetes | Paenibacillus larvae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Bacillus anthracis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris (yellow disease phytoplasmas) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Aliaga et al. (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Melissococcus plutonius | Present | | | Schotman (1989); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma gallisepticum | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) type | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma synoviae | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Spiroplasma kunkelii (corn stunt spiroplasma) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2008) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Anaplasma marginale | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella abortus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella melitensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella ovis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella suis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Burkholderia caryophylli (bacterial wilt of carnation) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Burkholderia pseudomallei | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Hepatobacter penaei | Absent | | | OIE (2019); Aranguren et al. (2006); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Asian greening) | Present, Few occurrences | | | EPPO (2022); Ángel et al. (2014); CABI/EPPO (2017); Olvera-Vargas et al. (2020) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | citrus huanglongbing (greening) disease (citrus greening) | Present, Few occurrences | | | CABI/EPPO (2017); EPPO (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Coxiella burnetii | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ehrlichia ruminantium | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Erwinia amylovora (fireblight) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | Zwet (1993); CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Francisella tularensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pasteurella multocida | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pseudomonas cichorii (bacterial blight of endive) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1983); Torres-Rubio et al. (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi (oleander knot) | Present | | Invasive | Bradbury (1986); UK, CAB International (1987) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Romo et al. (2012) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 (bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 (moko disease) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); Romo et al. (2012); EPPO (2021) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella abortusovis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella gallinarum | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella pullorum | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Taylorella equigenitalis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Vibrio parahaemolyticus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (cassava bacterial blight) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); UK, CAB International (1993); Restrepo et al. (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (bean blight) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vasculorum (sugarcane gumming disease) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas citri (citrus canker) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xenohaliotis californiensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Aphanomyces astaci | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Aphanomyces invadans | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Peronosclerospora sorghi (sorghum downy mildew) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Arias P. et al. (1993); Buriticá C. (1993) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora cinnamomi (Phytophthora dieback) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora infestans (Phytophthora blight) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1982); Vargas et al. (2007); Vargas et al. (2009); Cárdenas et al. (2011); |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Plasmopara viticola (grapevine downy mildew) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew of grasses and cereals) | Present | | | Amano (1986) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Ceratocystis fimbriata (Ceratocystis blight) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Garces (1944); Pontis and Videla] (1951); Arbelaez (1957); Mourichon (1994); Borja et al. (1995); Marin et al. (2003); Engelbrecht and Harrington (2005); EPPO (2022); Herb IMI (undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Claviceps africana (ergot) | Present | Introduced | | Bandyopadhyay et al. (1998); CABI and EPPO (2006); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Colletotrichum acutatum (black spot of strawberry) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2010) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Cyclaneusma minus (Cyclaneusma needle-cast) | Present | Introduced | | Millar and Minter (1980) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Panama disease of banana) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI and EPPO (2015); IPPC (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | García-Bastidas et al. (2020); IPPC (2019); Martínez-Solórzano et al. (2020); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. elaeidis (fusarium wilt of oil palm) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (Fusarium wilt) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1982) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Gibberella circinata (pitch canker) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Guignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella dearnessii (brown spot needle blight) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2010) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Merchan (1990); Mourichon and Fullerton (1990); CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella pini (Dothistroma blight) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Phoma tracheiphila (mal secco) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Phomopsis vexans (Phomopsis blight of eggplant) | Present | | | Chardon and Toro (1930); CABI and EPPO (2008) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Pseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Pseudocercospora ulei (South American leaf blight of rubber (SALB)) | Present | Native | Invasive | Sorensen (1945); UK, CAB International (1990); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Trichoconiella padwickii (stackburn disease) | Present | | | Pinzón Ruíz (2003) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust) | Present | | | Mayor (1913); CABI and EPPO (2014); Rodas et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Moniliophthora perniciosa (witches' broom disease of cacao) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Moniliophthora roreri (frosty pod rot) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Phillips-Mora (2003); Barros N. (1977); CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phakopsora euvitis (grape rust fungus) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2007) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soyabean rust) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia graminis (stem rust of cereals) | Present, Localized | | | Buritica et al. (1979); CIMMYT (1988) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia horiana (white rust of chrysanthemum) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2008); Backer et al. (2011); Demers et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia kuehnii (orange rust) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); Cadavid et al. (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Sporisorium sacchari (Asian sugarcane smut) | Absent, Intercepted only | | | Piepenbring (2002) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Thecaphora solani (potato smut) | Present | Native | | Barrus (1944); UK, CAB International (1993); Piepenbring (2002); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) | Present | | | Ruiz and Rueda-Almonacid (2008); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Annelida | Alitta succinea (pile worm) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Annelida | Lumbricus rubellus | Present | Introduced | | Feijoo et al. (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Acarapis woodi (honeybee mite) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aceria guerreronis (coconut mite) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Acromyrmex octospinosus (leaf cutting ant) | Present | | | Mercado-Mesa et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Acutaspis perseae | Present | | | Kondo and Muñoz (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aethina tumida | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2019); OIE (2020) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Agrius cingulatus (pink-spotted hawkmoth) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm) | Present | | | Schotman (1989) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurocanthus woglumi (citrus blackfly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Agudelo and Falcon (1977); Mound and Halsey (1978); UK, CAB International (1995) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurodicus dispersus (whitefly) | Present | | | NHM (undated); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurotrachelus atratus (palm-infesting whitefly) | Present | Introduced | | Howard et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Amphibalanus improvisus (bay barnacle) | Present | | | Darwin (1854) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha fraterculus (South American fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Wulp (1899); Stone (1942); Núñez Bueno (1981); Hernández-Ortiz et al. (2004); Norrbom (2004); Hernández-Ortiz et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha grandis (South American cucurbit fruit fly) | Present, Localized | Native | | Stone (1942); Norrbom (1991); CABI and EPPO (2001); Scally et al. (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha ludens (Mexican fruit fly) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022); Núñez Bueno (1981); Norrbom et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha obliqua (West Indian fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Núñez Bueno (1981); Yepes and Velez (1989); Norrbom (2004); Castañeda et al. (2010); CABI/EPPO (2011); Scally et al. (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha serpentina (sapodilla fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Núñez Bueno (1981); Carrejo and González (1999); CABI and EPPO (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha striata (guava fruit fly) | Present | Native | | Stone (1942); Núñez Bueno (1981); CABI and EPPO (2002); Epsky (2003); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anthonomus grandis (Mexican cotton boll weevil) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Warner (1966); Lobaton G. and Garcia C. (1981); Alvarez and Martinez (1985); Toledo et al. (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidiella aurantii (red scale) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | CABI (Undated); Kondo (2001); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidomytilus albus (tapioca scale) | Present | Native | | Mosquera (1976); Lozano et al. (1977); Vargas et al. (1978); Kondo (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1968) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1969) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Apis mellifera | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Apis mellifera scutellata (africanized bee) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Artemia (brine shrimp) | Present | Native | | Van (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966); Kondo (2001); Kondo and Muñoz (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Balanus eburneus | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly) | Present | | | CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); Delatte et al. (2005); Shatters et al. (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (MEAM1) (silverleaf whitefly) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); Rodríguez et al. (2005); Ángel D. et al. (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Boophilus microplus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Brevipalpus phoenicis (false spider mite) | Present | | | León et al. (2006); León et al. (2008); CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Callinectes sapidus (blue crab) | Present | Native | | Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission (2001); Tavares (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cerataphis lataniae (palm aphid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Schotman (1989); CABI and EPPO (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Gasparich et al. (1997); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Charybdis hellerii | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Campos and Türkay (1989); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus aonidum (circular scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988); Kondo (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1969); Kondo (2001); Kondo and Muñoz (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screw-worm) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chthamalus proteus | Present | Native | | Dando and Southward (1980) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cinara cupressi sensu lato (Cypress aphid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Ciesla (1991); Watson et al. (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm) | Present | | | OIE (2019); Forero B. et al. (2008); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Crypticerya multicicatrices (multicicatrices fluted scale) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Kondo et al. (2012); Kondo and Unruh (2009); Gaimari et al. (2012); Kondo et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cryptotermes brevis (powderpost termite) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Walker (1853) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ctenarytaina eucalypti (blue gum psyllid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Rodríguez Coto et al. (2000) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dialeurodes citri (citrus whitefly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid) | Present, Widespread | | | Ebratt-Ravelo et al. (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dinoderus minutus (bamboo borer) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1972); Ben-Dov (1994); Carabalí-Banguero et al. (2013); Kondo (2013); Kondo and Muñoz (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus mackenziei | Present | | | Caballero et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus neobrevipes (grey pineapple mealybug) | Present | | | García Morales et al. (2016); Williams and Granara de Willink (1992); Kondo et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1975) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Eulachnus rileyi (pine needle aphid) | Present | | | NHM (1985) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ferrisia virgata (striped mealybug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966); Ben-Dov (1994); Kondo (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) | Present | | | Nakahara (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Galleria mellonella (greater waxmoth) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Geococcus coffeae (coffee root mealybug) | Present | | | Caballero et al. (2019); Williams and Granara de Willink (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Glycaspis brimblecombei (red gum lerp psyllid) | Present | | | Rodas et al. (2014); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gonipterus scutellatus (eucalyptus snout beetle) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Greenidea ficicola | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gymnandrosoma aurantianum (citrus fruit borer) | Present | | | Adamski and Brown (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gynaikothrips ficorum (Cuban laurel thrips) | Present | | | Denmark (1967) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Haplaxius crudus (American palm cixiid) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Harmonia axyridis (harlequin ladybird) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Heilipus lauri (avocado seed weevil) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) | Absent, Intercepted only | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Helicoverpa zea (American cotton bollworm) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (black tea thrips) | Present | | | Escobar P. et al. (1985); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hemiberlesia lataniae (latania scale) | Present | | | Kondo and Muñoz (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hemiberlesia rapax (greedy scale (USA)) | Present | | | Schotman (1989); Kondo and Muñoz (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Heteropsylla cubana (leucaena psyllid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer) | Present | | | Leach et al. (1999); Bustillo et al. (2002); Cristancho et al. (2007); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hypsipyla grandella (mahogany shoot borer) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated); Colombia, Corporación de Investigación y Fomento Forestal (1985); Pulgarín Díaz et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1971); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Insignorthezia insignis (greenhouse orthezia) | Present | | | NHM (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Lindingaspis rossi (black araucaria scale) | Present | | | Kondo and Muñoz (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Linepithema humile (Argentine ant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated); Wild (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza huidobrensis (serpentine leafminer) | Present, Localized | | | Scheffer and Lewis (2001); CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza sativae (vegetable leaf miner) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (rice water weevil) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Litopenaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp) | Present | Native | | Seebens et al. (2017); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Kondo et al. (2008); Kondo et al. (2012); Montes Rodríguez (2012); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Macrobrachium rosenbergii (giant freshwater prawn) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid) | Present | Introduced | | UK, CAB International (1984) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Megaplatypus mutatus | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Mononychellus tanajoa (cassava green mite) | Present, Localized | | | Guerrero and Bellotti (1980); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Mythimna unipuncta (rice armyworm) | Present | Native | | UK, CAB International (1967) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) | Present | | | Smith and Cermeli (1979); UK, CAB International (1979) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Neoleucinodes elegantalis (eggplant stem borer) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022); Plaza et al. (1992); Díaz-Montilla et al. (2013); Díaz-Montilla et al. (2015); Díaz-Montilla et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nipaecoccus nipae (spiked mealybug) | Present | | | Ben-Dov (1994); CABI and EPPO (2005); Kondo et al. (2008); Kondo and Muñoz (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oryzaephilus surinamensis (saw toothed grain beetle) | Present | | | Champ and Dyte (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Otiorhynchus sulcatus (vine weevil) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | CABI (Undated); Seymour et al. (1985); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paraergasilus longidigitus | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | | Fuentes et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paraleyrodes minei | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paratrechina fulva | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Vargas O. et al. (2004); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paratrechina longicornis (crazy ant) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm) | Present | | | Ankersmit and Adkisson (1967); UK, CAB International (1990); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Penaeus monodon (giant tiger prawn) | Present | Introduced | | Shrimp News (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phenacoccus manihoti (cassava mealybug) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phenacoccus solenopsis (cotton mealybug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Portilla and Cardona (2004); Granara de Willink and Szumik (2007); Kondo et al. (2008); CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phthorimaea absoluta (tomato leafminer) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Povolny (1975); Garcia Roa (1989); Ramirez et al. (2010); Cifuentes et al. (2011); Haddi et al. (2012); CABI and EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phthorimaea operculella (potato tuber moth) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phyllocnistis citrella (citrus leaf miner) | Present, Localized | | | UK, CAB International (1986); León and Campos P. (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pineus boerneri (pine woolly aphid) | Present | | | Rodas et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) | Present | | | Salinas (1986) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Polyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mite) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1986) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Prostephanus truncatus (larger grain borer) | Present | Native | | Hodges (1986); UK, CAB International (1995); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (mulberry scale) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudococcus elisae (banana mealybug) | Present | | | Gimpel and Miller (1996); Williams and Granara de Willink (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pyroderces rileyi (corn, worm, pink) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Raoiella indica (red palm mite) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Carrillo et al. (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhagoletis pomonella (apple maggot) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhynchophorus palmarum (South American palm weevil) | Present | | | Wattanapongsiri (1966); Gerber and Giblin-Davis (1990); Rochat et al. (1991); Löhr et al. (2015); Martínez et al. (2019); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Saissetia oleae (olive scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1952) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Schistocerca nitens (gray bird grasshopper) | Present | | | Cardona (2012); Song (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Scirtothrips dorsalis (chilli thrips) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Scyphophorus acupunctatus (agave weevil) | Present | | | Vaurie (1971); Wibmer and O'Brien (1986); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sepedomerus macropus (liverfluke snail predator fly) | Present | | | Neff and Berg (1966) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus zeamais (greater grain weevil) | Present | | | Champ and Dyte (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitotroga cerealella (grain moth) | Present, Widespread | | | Champ and Dyte (1977) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Solenopsis geminata (tropical fire ant) | Present | Native | | ISSG (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera eridania (southern armyworm) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Velásquez-Vélez et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant) | Present | Introduced | | Wetterer (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tecia solanivora (potato tuber moth) | Present, Widespread | | | Botero et al. (1995); Palacios et al. (1998); CABI and EPPO (2001); Bosa et al. (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) | Present | | | International Institute of Entomology (1996) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Thrips palmi (melon thrips) | Present | Introduced | | CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); Cardona et al. (2002); Frei et al. (2004); Frei et al. (2005); Aristizábal et al. (2013); Ebratt R. et al. (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tibraca limbativentris (stinkbug) | Present | | | Pantoja et al. (1995); Pantoja et al. (2007); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid) | Present | | | Smith and Cermeli (1979); CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trialeurodes vaporariorum (whitefly, greenhouse) | Present | | | Rodriguez G. et al. (1996); Ángel D. et al. (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tropilaelaps | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Unaspis citri (citrus snow scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1962); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Varroa destructor (Varroa mite) | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Viteus vitifoliae (grapevine phylloxera) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Wasmannia auropunctata (little fire ant) | Present | Native | Invasive | ISSG (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus volvulus | Present | Native | | Wood and Bright (1992); Burbano-Figueroa et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus morigerus (brown twig beetle) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Aequidens pulcher (blue acara) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Amatitlania nigrofasciata (convict cichlid) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Aristichthys nobilis (bighead carp) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); FishBase (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Astronotus ocellatus (oscar) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Kullander (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Boa imperator (Central American Boa) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Hynková et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bos taurus (cattle) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bubulcus ibis (cattle egret) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Carassius auratus auratus (goldfish) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cichla ocellaris (peacock cichlid) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Winemiller (2001); Kullander and Ferreira (2006); Willis et al. (2012); Espínola et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Columba livia (pigeons) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) | Absent | | | Shireman and Smith (1983); Welcomme (1988); Froese and Pauly (2004); Froese and Pauly (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ctenosaura similis (black spiny-tailed iguana) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Tamsitt and Valdivieso (1963) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cyprinus carpio (common carp) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); FAO (1996); Lever (1998) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Equus caballus [ISC] (horse) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Grubb (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Equus ferus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Felis catus (cat) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Herpestes auropunctatus (small Indian mongoose) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Long (2003); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hoplosternum littorale (armoured catfish) | Present | Native | | FishBase (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); FishBase (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hypostomus plecostomus (suckermouth catfish) | Present | Introduced | | Lopez Macias et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Iguana iguana (iguana) | Present | Native | | Leenders (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) | Present | Introduced | | Welcomme (1988); Froese and Pauly (2004); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Molothrus bonariensis (shiny cowbird) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Present | | | Schotman (1989) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis aureus (blue tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Pullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Pullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004); Bartley (2006); Leal-Flórez et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oxyura jamaicensis (ruddy duck) | Present, Localized | Native | | Fjeldså and Krabbe (1990) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Passer domesticus (house sparrow) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Piaractus brachypomus (pirapitinga) | Present | Native | | FishBase (2004); Froese and Pauly (2004); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Poecilia latipinna (sailfin molly) | Present | Introduced | | Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Poecilia reticulata (guppy) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Welcomme (1988); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pterois volitans (lionfish) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | | Gonzalez et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rachycentron canadum (cobia) | Present | Native | Invasive | King (2016); IUCN (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rana catesbeiana (American bullfrog) | Present | Introduced | | Kraus (2009); Santos-Barrera et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rattus rattus (black rat) | Present | | | Schotman (1989) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rhinella marina (cane toad) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Salmo trutta (sea trout) | Present | Introduced | | Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Salvelinus fontinalis (brook trout) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Sus scrofa [ISC] (feral pig) | Present | Introduced | | IUCN (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Thorichthys meeki (firemouth cichlid) | Present | Introduced | | Welcomme (1988); Lever (1996); Froese R and Pauly D (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Trichopodus trichopterus (three spot gourami) | Present | Introduced | | Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tyto alba (Barn owl) | Present | Native | | Bruce (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Xiphophorus hellerii | Present | Introduced | | Welcomme (1988); Froese and Pauly (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Xiphophorus maculatus (southern platyfish) | Present | Introduced | | Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Cnidaria | Tubastraea coccinea (orange-cup coral) | Present | | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Echinodermata | Acanthaster planci (crown-of-thorns starfish) | Present | | | Narváez and Zapata (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Achatina fulica (giant African land snail) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Ossa-Lacayo et al. (2012); Vogler et al. (2013); Ossa-Lacayo and Ossa V. (2014); Penagos-Tabares et al. (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Cornu aspersum (common garden snail) | Present | Introduced | | Hausdorf (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Deroceras invadens (tramp slug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Hausdorf (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Deroceras laeve (meadow slug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Simroth (1910); Hausdorf (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Limax maximus (leopard slug) | Present | Introduced | | Schoonhoven and Cardona (1980) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Marisa cornuarietis (giant ramshorn) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Snyder et al. (1983); Horne et al. (1992); Cowie and Thiengo (2003); Cowie and Hayes (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Melanoides tuberculata (red-rimmed melania) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Velásquez et al. (2000) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Mytilopsis sallei (Caribbean false mussel) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Puyana (1995); Vilardy and Polanía (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Oxychilus alliarius (garlic snail) | Present | Introduced | | Hausdorf (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pinctada imbricata radiata (rayed pearl oyster) | Present | Native | | Leal (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | | Hayes et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Ditylenchus dipsaci (stem and bulb nematode) | Present | | | Perdomo P. et al. (1984); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Globodera pallida (white potato cyst nematode) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Buriticá C. (1993); Franco et al. (1998); CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Globodera rostochiensis (yellow potato cyst nematode) | Present, Localized | Native | | Baeza (1972); CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Globodera tabacum (tobacco cyst nematode) | Present | | | Shepherd and Barker (1990); CABI and EPPO (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Helicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode) | Present | | | Sher (1966); Gomez Tovar (1980); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode) | Present | | | Taylor et al. (1982); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne graminicola (rice root knot nematode) | Present | | | Bastidas and Montealegre S. (1994); CABI and EPPO (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne hapla (root knot nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI and EPPO (2002); Agudelo et al. (2006); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Pratylenchus coffeae (banana root nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Wehunt and Edwards (1968); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode) | Present | | | Loos (1961); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus (red ring nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Cabrera (1965); CABI and EPPO (1999); Silva et al. (2016); Ide et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Trichinella | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Tylenchulus semipenetrans (citrus root nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Olivares (1969); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus granulosus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus multilocularis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Gyrodactylus salaris | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Taenia solium | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2009); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila abortus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila psittaci | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Chlorophyta | Caulerpa taxifolia (killer algae) | Present | | | Guiry and Guiry (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Adiantum raddianum (delta maidenhair fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Azolla filiculoides (water fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Blechnum appendiculatum (palm fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Blechnum cordatum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Ceratopteris thalictroides (watersprite) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Christella dentata (soft fern) | Present, Widespread | Native | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Macrothelypteris torresiana (swordfern) | Present | Introduced | | Flora Mesoamericana (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Nephrolepis brownii (Asian swordfern) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteridium aquilinum (bracken) | Present | Native | | Thomson and Alonso-Amelot (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris tripartita (giant brake) | Present | Introduced | | Smith et al. (1999) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia auriculata (giant salvinia) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia minima | Present | Native | | GBIF (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia molesta (kariba weed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Thelypteris opulenta (jewelled maiden fern) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Smith (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Acanthophora spicifera | Present | Native | | Taylor (1960) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Hypnea musciformis | Present | Native | | Taylor (1960); Díaz-Pulido and Díaz-Ruíz (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abelmoschus moschatus (musk mallow) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon hirtum (Indian mallow) | Present | Introduced | | Achigan-Dako (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia angustissima (prairie acacia) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia auriculiformis (northern black wattle) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia caven (Roman cassie) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia decurrens (green wattle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Randall (2012); CSIRO (2000); FAO (2016); ILDIS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia farnesiana (huisache) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia glauca (wild dividivi) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia longifolia (golden wattle) | Present | Introduced | | PIER (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mangium (brown salwood) | Present | Introduced | | Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2016); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia melanoxylon (Australian blackwood) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acalypha virginica | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthospermum australe (spiny-bur) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthospermum hispidum (bristly starbur) | Present | Native | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Achillea millefolium (yarrow) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Achyranthes aspera (devil's horsewhip) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Adonidia merrillii (Christmas palm) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aeschynomene americana (shyleaf) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aeschynomene indica (Indian jointvetch) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave americana (century plant) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum houstonianum (Blue billygoatweed) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris) | Present | Introduced | | Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2016); ILDIS (2016); PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia niopoides (silk tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Allamanda blanchetii (purple allamanda) | Present | Introduced | | Morales (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Allamanda cathartica (yellow allamanda) | Present | | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alocasia cucullata (Chinese taro) | Present | Introduced | | Tobar-Vargas et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alopecurus pratensis (meadow foxtail) | Present | Introduced | | Randall (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aloysia citrodora (lemon verbena) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alpinia purpurata (red ginger) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alpinia zerumbet (shell ginger) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera caracasana | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera halimifolia (hairy joyweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1991); Missouri Botanical Garden (2014); Ramirez-Padilla et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alysicarpus vaginalis (alyce clover) | Present | | | Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus blitum (livid amaranth) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus cruentus (red amaranth) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Grubben (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus dubius (spleen amaranth) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013); Salcedo Martínez and Forero (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus hybridus (smooth pigweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth) | Present | Native | | Davidse et al. (2015); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ambrosia peruviana (Peruvian ragweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Andropogon glomeratus (bushy bluestem) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Andropogon virginicus (broomsedge) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Anethum graveolens (dill) | Present | Introduced | | Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona cherimola (cherimoya) | Present | Native | | Morton (1987); Bircher and Bircher (2000); Orwa et al. (2009); Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona glabra (pond apple) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona muricata (soursop) | Present, Planted | | | Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona reticulata (bullock's heart) | Present | Native | | Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona squamosa (sugar apple) | Present | Native | | Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2015); USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Anredera cordifolia (Madeira vine) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Antigonon leptopus (coral vine) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristida ternipes (spidergrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristolochia elegans (elegant Dutchman’s pipe) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2015); Weeds of Australia (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristolochia littoralis (elegant dutchman's pipe) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristolochia ringens (Dutchman’s pipe) | Present | Native | | Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arrhenatherum elatius (false oat-grass) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arthraxon hispidus (small carpetgrass) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arundo donax (giant reed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | I3N-Colombia (2014); Missouri Botanical Garden (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asclepias curassavica (bloodflower) | Present | Native | | USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2011); USDA-ARS (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asystasia gangetica (chinese violet) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Avena fatua (wild oat) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); Hafliger and Scholz (1981) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Averrhoa bilimbi (bilimbi) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Axonopus compressus (carpet grass) | Present | | | Maldonado and Velasquez (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Axonopus fissifolius | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Azadirachta indica (neem tree) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bacopa monnieri (water hyssop) | Present | | | Barringer (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa longispiculata (mahal bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa tuldoides (punting pole bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Basella alba (malabar spinach) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2017); USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Batis maritima (saltwort) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia monandra (Napoleon's plume) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia variegata (mountain ebony) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Begonia nelumbiifolia (lilypad begonia) | Present | Native | | Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bidens pilosa (blackjack) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bidens subalternans | Present | Native | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bixa orellana (annatto) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Blechum pyramidatum (Browne's blechum) | Present | | | Romo et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bocconia frutescens (plume poppy) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia coccinea (scarlet spiderling) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bontia daphnoides (white alling) | Present | Native | | Murcia et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Borreria latifolia (broadleaf buttonweed) | Present | | | Romo et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa bladhii (Caucasian bluestem) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa ischaemum (yellow bluestem) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa pertusa (pitted beard grass) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa saccharoides | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bougainvillea spectabilis (great bougainvillea) | Present | Introduced | | Grandtner and Chevrette (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica juncea (mustard) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica nigra (black mustard) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica rapa (field mustard) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Breynia disticha (snowbush) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Murillo (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Briza maxima (large quaking grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | USDA-ARS (2013); PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bromelia pinguin (wild pineapple) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brugmansia candida (angel's trumpet) | Present | Introduced | | Alvarez (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brugmansia suaveolens (white angel's trumpet) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014); Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caladium bicolor (heart of Jesus) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calceolaria chelidonioides | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calceolaria tripartita | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calliandra houstoniana var. calothyrsus (calliandra) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calopogonium caeruleum (jicama) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calotropis procera (apple of sodom) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang) | Present | Introduced | | Hanelt et al. (2001); Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canna indica (canna lilly) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canna x generalis (canna lily) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse) | Present | Introduced | | Galvez and Criollo E. (1981) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Capsicum annuum (bell pepper) | Present | | | FAO (2009); Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014); Aguilar-Meléndez et al. (2017); Olaya et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Capsicum baccatum (pepper) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardiospermum grandiflorum (balloon vine) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Carludovica palmata (Panama hat plant) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cascabela thevetia (yellow oleander) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014); Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014); Kondo et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia grandis (pink shower) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014); USDA-ARS (2014); Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Castilla elastica (Mexican rubber tree) | Present, Widespread | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); PIER (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina glauca (scaly oak (Australia)) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cecropia peltata (trumpet tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass) | Present | Introduced | | García-Ulloa et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus echinatus (southern sandbur) | Present, Widespread | | | Cardenas et al. (1972); Holm et al. (1977); Holm et al. (1991); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centratherum punctatum (lark daisy) | Present | Native | | Kirkman (1981) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ceratophyllum demersum (coontail) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cestrum nocturnum (night jessamine) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Native | | Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chamaecrista nictitans (sensitive partridge pea) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chenopodium album (fat hen) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris barbata (purpletop chloris) | Present | | | Hafliger and Scholz (1981) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris virgata (feather finger grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) | Present | Native | | Gautier (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cinchona pubescens (quinine tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cissus verticillata (possum grape vine) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020); Romo et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantiifolia (lime) | Present | | | FAO (2013); Ebratt-Ravelo et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantium (sour orange) | Present | | | FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum chinense (Chinese glory bower) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum paniculatum (pagoda flower) | Present | Introduced | | Rueda (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum thomsoniae (bleeding glory bower) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clidemia hirta (Koster's curse) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); PIER (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clitoria ternatea (butterfly-pea) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clusia rosea | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cocos nucifera (coconut) | Present | Introduced | | Henderson et al. (1995); Carrillo et al. (2011); Kondo et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Pinto-Escobar (1985); Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Colocasia esculenta (taro) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011); Romo et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina diffusa (spreading dayflower) | Present | | | Ciba Geigy (1982); Romo et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza bonariensis (hairy fleabane) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); Romo et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza sumatrensis (tall fleabane) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Copaifera officinalis (copaiba balsam) | Present | | | Pieri et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cordia alliodora (Ecuador laurel) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cortaderia jubata (purple pampas grass) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cortaderia selloana (pampas grass) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Corymbia citriodora (lemon-scented gum) | Present, Planted | | | Rodas et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cosmos caudatus (wild cosmos) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014); Sherff (1932) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cosmos sulphureus (sulphur cosmos) | Present | Native | | Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2016); Robinson (2006); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora (montbretia) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts and Barker (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria maypurensis (rattlebox weed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria retusa (rattleweed) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria spectabilis (showy rattlepod) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Croton argenteus (silver July croton) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cryptostegia grandiflora (rubber vine) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuphea carthagenensis (Colombian waxweed) | Present | | | Barroso (1954); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuphea hyssopifolia (false heather) | Present | Native | | Flora, Mesoamericana (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cupressus sempervirens (Mediterranean cypress) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyathula prostrata (pasture weed) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyclanthera pedata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) | Present | Introduced | | Zuloaga et al. (2003); Pardo-Cardona (1999) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon nardus (citronella grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | eMonocot (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | IABIN (2014); Holm et al. (1979); Montes Rodríguez and Kondo (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon nlemfuensis (African Bermuda-grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge) | Present | | | Fischer et al. (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (1994); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus imbricatus (shingle flatsedge) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus iria (rice flatsedge) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus meyenianus (Meyen's flatsedge) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus odoratus | Present | | | Romo et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus papyrus (papyrus) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura ferox (fierce thornapple) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura innoxia (downy thorn apple) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura inoxia (Downy Thornapple) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura metel (Hindu datura) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | | | Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura stramonium (jimsonweed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Delairea odorata (Cape ivy) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Delonix regia (flamboyant) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Desmodium incanum (creeping beggerweed) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Desmodium uncinatum (Silver-leaf desmodium) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium annulatum (Kleberg's bluestem) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium aristatum (angelton bluestem) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium caricosum (nadi blue grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dieffenbachia seguine (dumb cane) | Present | Native | | HEAR (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria bicornis (Asian crabgrass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Giraldo-Cañas (2011); PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria eriantha (pangola grass) | Present | Introduced | | Giraldo-Cañas (2011); PIER (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria fuscescens (yellow crab grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2016); Giraldo-Cañas (2011); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria insularis (sourgrass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Diodia teres (poorjoe) | Present | Native | | Wunderlin and Hansen (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea alata (white yam) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011); Dallot et al. (2001); FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea cayenensis (Guinea yam) | Present | Introduced | | Universidad Nacional de Colombia (2017); Dallot et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dipsacus fullonum (common teasel) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dolichandra unguis-cati (cat's claw creeper) | Present | Native | | Ulloa (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dombeya wallichii (pink ball) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Drymaria cordata (tropical chickweed) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997); Romo et al. (2012); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Duranta erecta (golden dewdrop) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dypsis lutescens (yellow butterfly palm) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011); Kondo et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dysphania ambrosioides (Mexican tea) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa colona (junglerice) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Fischer et al. (1993); IABIN (2014); Montes Rodríguez and Kondo (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1991); IABIN (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa crus-pavonis (gulf cockspur grass) | Present | Native | | Tropicos (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinodorus grisebachii | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinodorus horizontalis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eclipta prostrata (eclipta) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Egeria densa (leafy elodea) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia azurea (anchored water hyacinth) | Present | Native | | UK, Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew) (2009); USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009); USDA-ARS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Gopal (1987); PIER (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm) | Present | | | FAO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elephantopus mollis (elephant's foot) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eleusine indica (goose grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); Romo et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia coccinea (scarlet tasselflower) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011); Romo et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia fosbergii (Florida tassel-flower) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2018); Hincapié C. et al. (1993); Holm et al. (1997); Romo et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Entada gigas (sea-bean) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis amabilis (Japanese lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Giraldo Cañas et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis atrovirens (thalia lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis ciliaris (gophertail lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Giraldo Cañas et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis curvula (weeping lovegrass) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Giraldo Cañas et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erechtites hieraciifolius (American burnweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erechtites valerianifolius (tropical burnweed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2012); GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erigeron karvinskianus (Karwinsky’s fleabane) | Present | Introduced | | Pruski (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erodium cicutarium (common storksbill) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erythrina berteroana (coralbean) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erythrina poeppigiana (coral tree) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Etlingera elatior (torch ginger) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus | Present | | | Constantino (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus globulus (Tasmanian blue gum) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus paniculata (grey ironbark) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eugenia uniflora (Surinam cherry) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia hypericifolia (graceful spurge) | Present | Native | | PIER (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia lactea (mottled spurge) | Present | Introduced | | Little et al. (1974) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia leucocephala (white Christmas bush) | Present | | | Govaerts (2020); POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia milii (crown-of-thorns) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Bernal et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia tithymaloides (devil's backbone) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia trigona (African milk weed) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Murillo (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) | Present | Introduced | | eMonocot (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus benjamina (weeping fig) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | | | Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus carica (common fig) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014); FAO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus microcarpa (Indian laurel tree) | Present | | | WBN Flora Database (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus pumila (creeping fig) | Present | Introduced | | Flora of Nicaragua (2014); Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus religiosa (sacred fig tree) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009); Martínez-Alava et al. (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia strobilifera (wild hops) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) | Present | | | Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fraxinus uhdei (tropical ash) | Present | Introduced | | Filgueira et al. (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Furcraea foetida (Mauritius hemp) | Present | Native | | Govaerts and Barker (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gaillardia pulchella (Indian blanket) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier) | Present, Localized | | | CABI (Undated); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galinsoga quadriradiata (shaggy soldier) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galphimia gracilis (goldshower) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Garcia nutans (false tung oil tree) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Genista monspessulana (Montpellier broom) | Present | Introduced | | Garcia-Barriga and Forero (1968) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Geoffroea decorticans (Chilean palo verde) | Present, Few occurrences | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002); WAC (2005); Romo et al. (2012); ILDIS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gmelina arborea (candahar) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gnaphalium purpureum | Present | | | Romo et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphocarpus physocarpus (balloon cotton bush) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphrena serrata (arrasa con todo) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gossypium barbadense (Gallini cotton) | Present | Introduced | | PROTA (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Grevillea robusta (silky oak) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gunnera tinctoria (giant rhubarb) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Helanthium tenellum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Helianthus annuus (sunflower) | Present | | | FAO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliconia bihai (macaw flower) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliocarpus americanus (white moho) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Lay (1949); USDA-ARS (2012); Grandtner and Chevrette (2013); Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium indicum (Indian heliotrope) | Present | | | Johnston (1928); Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hemigraphis alternata (red ivy) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hevea brasiliensis (rubber) | Present | | | FAO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hirschfeldia incana (shortpod mustard) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Holcus lanatus (common velvet grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2013); Missouri Botanical Garden (2013); USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hordeum flexuosum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hura crepitans (sand box) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hydrocotyle ranunculoides (floating pennywort) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | | Mathias (1936); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hylocereus undatus (dragon fruit) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hymenachne amplexicaulis (hymenachne) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | IABIN (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hypochaeris radicata (cat's ear) | Present | Introduced | | PIER (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis brevipes (lesser roundweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis suaveolens (pignut) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); GRIIS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Impatiens walleriana (busy lizzy) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Díaz-Espinosa AM et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Imperata cylindrica (cogon grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | PIER (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera hirsuta (hairy indigo) | Present | | | PIER (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera spicata (creeping indigo) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera suffruticosa (Anil indigo) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera trita (Asian indigo) | Present | | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Inga punctata (ice cream bean tree) | Present, Widespread | Native | | IUCN (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea alba (white moonflower ) | Present | Native | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea aquatica (swamp morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | | Gunn and Ritchie (1982); Perez-Vasquez et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morning glory) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea carnea | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (bush morning glory) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea hederifolia (scarlet-creeper ) | Present | Native | | Staples (2016); Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea imperati | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea indica (ocean blue morning-glory) | Present | | | Staples (2017); USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea nil (white edge morning-glory) | Present | Native | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea purpurea (tall morning glory) | Present | Native | | Davidse et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea quamoclit (cypress vine) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea triloba (three-lobe morning glory) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1979); Hallman (1984); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1979); Clayton et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ixora casei (giant red ixora) | Present | Introduced | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jacaranda mimosifolia (jacaranda) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum multiflorum (star jasmine) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha curcas (jatropha) | Present, Planted | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush) | Present, Widespread | Native | | CSIRO (1998); Ocampo and Balick (2009); USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009); USDA-ARS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Juncus effusus (common rush) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Balslev (1996); Kirschner (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Juncus tenuis (slender rush) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Justicia pectoralis (freshcut) | Present | Native | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe blossfeldiana (flaming katy) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe pinnata (cathedral bells) | Present | Introduced | | Boiteau and Allorge-Boiteau (1995); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) | Present | Introduced | | GRIIS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagerstroemia indica (Indian crape myrtle) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagerstroemia speciosa (Pride of India) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lamium amplexicaule (henbit deadnettle) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lantana camara (lantana) | Present | Native | | Morton (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lathyrus odoratus (sweet pea) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Launaea intybacea (bitter lettuce) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leersia hexandra (southern cut grass) | Present | | | Pyrah (1969) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna minuta | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna perpusilla (duckweed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonotis nepetifolia (Christmas candlestick) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonurus japonicus (honeyweed) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lepidium virginicum (Virginian peppercress) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa fusca (sprangletop) | Present | Native | | WCSP (2018); PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa mucronata (mucronate sprangletop ) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Fischer et al. (1993); Aramendiz-Tatis et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena diversifolia | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucophyllum frutescens (Texas barometer bush) | Present | Introduced | | Bernal et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ligustrum obtusifolium (border privet) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-NRCS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Limnobium laevigatum (South American spongeplant) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lindernia crustacea (Malaysian false pimpernel) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Livistona chinensis (Chinese fan palm) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lolium temulentum (darnel) | Present | Introduced | | Coral et al. (1974); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia grandiflora (water primrose) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia octovalvis (primrose willow) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia palustris (marsh seedbox) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia peploides (water primrose) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Luffa aegyptiaca (loofah) | Present | | | Zipcode Zoo (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lythrum maritimum (pukamole) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro) | Present | Native | | Cook et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Malvaviscus arboreus (wax mallow) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Malvaviscus penduliflorus (Turk's cap mallow) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mangifera indica (mango) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Orwa et al. (2009); Ocampo Flórez et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Manilkara zapota (sapodilla) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009); Govaerts (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Maranta arundinacea (arrowroot) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Marrubium vulgare (horehound) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melicoccus bijugatus (Spanish lime) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melilotus albus (honey clover) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis minutiflora (molasses grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | IABIN (2014); Missouri Botanical Garden (2003); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis repens (natal redtop) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia aegyptia (hairy woodrose) | Present | Native | | Vargas (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia cissoides (roadside woodrose) | Present | Native | | Vargas (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia tuberosa (woodrose) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia umbellata (hogvine) | Present | Native | | Fuentes et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mesosphaerum pectinatum (comb bushmint) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Miconia calvescens (miconia) | Present, Localized | Native | | Meyer (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mikania micrantha (bitter vine) | Present | Native | | PIER (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa arenosa (elegant mimosa) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa casta (graceful mimosa) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa diplotricha (giant sensitive plant) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2001); PIER (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant) | Present, Widespread | Native | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Holm et al. (1977); Barneby (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Momordica balsamina (common balsam apple) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Morales et al. (1974); Scholz (1988); Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997); Romo et al. (2012); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moringa oleifera (horse radish tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Morus nigra (black mulberry) | Present | | | Lim (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) | Present | Native | | Bernal et al. (2011); Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murdannia nudiflora (doveweed) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1977); Plaza and Forero (1998); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murraya paniculata (orange jessamine) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020); Ebratt-Ravelo et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mussaenda erythrophylla (red flag bush) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mussaenda philippica (Queen of Philippines) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrot's feather) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Schmidt-Mumm and Posada (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myroxylon balsamum (Peru balsam) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2015); USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nelsonia canescens (blue pussyleaf) | Present | | | Daniel (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Neonotonia wightii (perennial soybean) | Present | | | FAO (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nerium oleander (oleander) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicandra physalodes (apple of Peru) | Present | | | Carmona B. and Jeffery (1972) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | | | Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nopalea cochenillifera (cochineal cactus) | Absent, Formerly present | | | Hanelt (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nymphaea ampla (dot-leaf water-lily) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nymphaea lotus (white Egyptian lotus) | Present | Introduced | | Wiersema (1982); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oeceoclades maculata (monk orchid) | Present | Introduced | | Garay and Taylor (1976) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines) | Present | Introduced | | Oliveira and Souza (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia lancifolia (calycose mille graines) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia elatior (red-flower prickly pear) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia stricta (erect prickly pear) | Present | Native | | Benson (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oryza rufipogon (wild rice) | Present | | | Takeoka (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis debilis (pink woodsorrel) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis latifolia (sorrel) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Romo et al. (2012); Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pachira aquatica (pachira nut) | Present | Native | | Fernández-Alonso et al. (2011); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pachira insignis (wild chestnut) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parkinsonia aculeata (Mexican palo-verde) | Present, Planted | Native | | ILDIS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parmentiera aculeata (cucumber tree) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Gentry (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parthenium hysterophorus (parthenium weed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalidium geminatum (Egyptian paspalidium) | Present, Localized | Native | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum densum (dense crowngrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum dilatatum (dallisgrass) | Present | Introduced | | PIER (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum distichum (knotgrass) | Present | Native | Invasive | Chase (1929); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum fasciculatum (bull grass) | Present | Native | | Aliscioni (2002); Flora of Pakistan (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum millegrana (yerba brava) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum paniculatum (Russell River grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum urvillei (Vasey grass) | Present | Native | | Giraldo-Cañas (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum) | Present | Native | | Lansdown et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum virgatum (sword grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora antioquiensis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora edulis (passionfruit) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014); Constantino (2002); Castro et al. (2013); Ramírez Gil et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower) | Present | Native | | Killip (1938); Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora ligularis (sweet granadilla) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Davidse et al. (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora maliformis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora quadrangularis (giant granadilla) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora suberosa (corkystem passionflower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora subpeltata (white passionflower) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora tarminiana (banana passionfruit) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (banana passionfruit) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Killip (1938); Holm-Nielsen et al. (1988); USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); PIER (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum polystachion (mission grass) | Present | Introduced | | Hafliger and Scholz (1981) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Clayton et al. (2013); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pentas lanceolata (Egyptian starcluster) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pereskia aculeata (Lemon-vine) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Persicaria maculosa (redshank) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Persicaria punctata (dotted smartweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Petiveria alliacea (guinea hen weed) | Present | Native | | Cardenas and Coulston (1967); Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phalaris minor (littleseed canarygrass) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) | Present | | | ILDIS (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phleum pratense (timothy grass) | Present | Introduced | | Kew (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phoenix canariensis (Canary Island date palm) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phragmites australis (common reed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phyllanthus urinaria (leafflower) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phyllostachys aurea (golden bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis angulata (cutleaf groundcherry) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1997); Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012); Vargas et al. (2007); Vargas et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pimenta dioica (allspice) | Present | Introduced | | Rodriquez (1969) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pimenta racemosa (bay rum tree) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2013); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus oocarpa (ocote pine) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus patula (Mexican weeping pine) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus radiata (radiata pine) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Piper aduncum (spiked pepper) | Present | Native | | Starr et al. (2003); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Piper auritum | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pithecellobium dulce (Manila tamarind) | Present | Native | | Kondo et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pittosporum undulatum (Australian cheesewood) | Present | Introduced | | Cooper (1956); Missouri Botanical Garden (2008); IABIN (2015); Ocampo Flórez et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plantago major (broad-leaved plantain) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Poa annua (annual meadowgrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1997); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polygonum aviculare (prostrate knotweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polygonum hydropiper (marsh pepper) | Present | | | Hafliger and Wolf (1988); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polygonum nepalense (Nepal persicaria) | Present | | | Mena et al. (1978) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pontederia cordata (pickerel weed) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Populus nigra (black poplar) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca oleracea (purslane) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1991); Romo et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca pilosa (kiss-me-quick) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015); USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prosopis juliflora (mesquite) | Present, Planted | Native | Invasive | Burkart (1976); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prosopis pallida (mesquite) | Present, Localized | Native | | Burkart (1976); Díaz Celis (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prunus serotina (black cherry) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Vanhellemont (2009); Ocampo Flórez et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pseudelephantopus spicatus (false elephant’s foot) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides (Mexican flamevine) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); Ocampo Flórez et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium guajava (guava) | Present, Planted | Native | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002); Romo et al. (2012); FAO (2013); Kondo et al. (2016); Ocampo Flórez et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ptychosperma elegans (solitaire palm) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pueraria phaseoloides (tropical kudzu) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Quamoclit hederifolia | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ricinus communis (castor bean) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rivina humilis (bloodberry) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | | | Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014); Kondo et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rotala ramosior | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1977); Millhollon and Burner (1993); Valverde et al. (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Roystonea oleracea (Caribbean royal palm) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus rosifolius (roseleaf raspberry) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ruellia macrophylla (large leaved ruellia) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rumex acetosella (sheep's sorrel) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rumex crispus (curled dock) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rumex obtusifolius (broad-leaved dock) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Russelia equisetiformis (firecracker plant) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rytidostylis carthagenensis | Present | Native | | Hassler (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sagittaria latifolia (broadleaf arrowhead) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salix humboldtiana (pencil willow) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salvia coccinea (scarlet sage) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salvia occidentalis (West Indian sage) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Samanea saman (rain tree) | Present, Planted | Native | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sambucus canadensis (American black elderberry) | Present | Native | | Bernal et al. (2015); POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sambucus nigra (elder) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sanchezia parvibracteata (sanchezia) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sanchezia speciosa (shrubby whitevein) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sansevieria trifasciata (mother-in-law’s tongue) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schinus molle (false pepper tree) | Present | | | Ocampo Flórez et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schizolobium parahyba (Brazilian fern tree) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sechium edule (chayote) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senecio inaequidens (South African ragwort) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Nájar R. et al. (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senecio madagascariensis (fireweed) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Sindel et al. (1998) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senecio vulgaris | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna alata (candle bush) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna bacillaris (whitebark senna) | Present | Native | | Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna hirsuta (hairy senna) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna italica (Senegal senna) | Present | Introduced | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna multijuga (November shower) | Present, Planted | | | PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); Palmer and Pullen (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna septemtrionalis (smooth senna) | Present | Introduced | | Irwin and Barneby (1982); ILDIS (2014); Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna siamea (yellow cassia) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna spectabilis (whitebark senna) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014); ILDIS (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania grandiflora (sesbania) | Present | Introduced | | PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria palmifolia (palm grass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria parviflora (knotroot foxtail) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2012); Blydenstein (1967); Holm et al. (1979); Romo et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida acuta (sida) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida linifolia (flaxleaf fanpetals) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Smithsonian Museum of Natural History (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum americanum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011); Romo et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum erianthum (potato tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014); Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum mammosum (nipplefruit nightshade) | Present | | | Hanelt et al. (2001); Lim (2013); USDA-ARS (2014); Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum quitoense (naranjilla) | Present | Native | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2017); Vargas et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum seaforthianum (Brazilian nightshade) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum sisymbriifolium (sticky nightshade) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum torvum (turkey berry) | Present | | | Barrios et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum tuberosum (potato) | Present | | | Vargas et al. (2009); Romo et al. (2012); USDA-ARS (2014); Vascular Plants of Antioquia (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum viarum (tropical soda apple) | Present | | | Cárdenas et al. (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum wendlandii | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | USDA-ARS (2014); Romo et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spartium junceum (Spanish broom) | Present | Introduced | | PIER (2017); ILDIS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spergula arvensis (corn spurry) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spermacoce verticillata (shrubby false buttonwood) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sphagneticola trilobata (wedelia) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus pyramidalis (giant rat’s tail grass) | Present | | | eMonocot (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus pyramidatus (whorled dropseed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Giraldo-Cañas and Peterson (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus tenuissimus (tropical dropseed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Parra-O (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta cayennensis (blue snakeweed) | Present, Few occurrences | Native | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011); Davidse et al. (2012); USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Jamaica vervain) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stellaria media (common chickweed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1977); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sterculia apetala (Panama tree) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stylosanthes hamata (Caribbean Stylo) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Synedrella nodiflora (synedrella) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syngonium podophyllum (arrowhead vine) | Present | Native | | Croat (1981); Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syzygium cumini (black plum) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syzygium jambos (rose apple) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Morton (1987); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tabebuia rosea (pink poui) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tagetes erecta (Mexican marigold) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tagetes minuta (stinking Roger) | Present | Native | Invasive | Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Talinum paniculatum | Present | | | Romo et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tamarindus indica (tamarind) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2010); Mercado-Mesa et al. (2018); CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tecoma capensis (Cape honeysuckle) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tecoma stans (yellow bells) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Gentry (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tectona grandis (teak) | Present, Planted | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tephrosia candida (white tephrosia) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thespesia populnea (portia tree) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thlaspi arvense (field pennycress) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia alata (black eyed Susan) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia fragrans (whitelady) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia grandiflora (Bengal trumpet) | Present | Introduced | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tibouchina urvilleana (princessflower) | Present | | | Wingfield et al. (2001); Gryzenhout et al. (2006); Almeda (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Davidse et al. (2018); USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trachypogon spicatus (spiked crinkleawn) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia zebrina (wandering jew) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tribulus cistoides (false puncture vine) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1977); Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tridax procumbens (coat buttons) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trimezia steyermarkii (yellow walking iris) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017); Barker and Govaerts (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triplaris americana (ant tree) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tripsacum dactyloides (eastern gamagrass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triumfetta rhomboidea (diamond burbark) | Present | Native | | Lay KK (1950) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triumfetta semitriloba (burweed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Turbina corymbosa (Christmas vine) | Present | Native | | Austin and Staples (1991); USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha angustifolia (lesser bulrush) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha domingensis (southern cattail) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ulex europaeus (gorse) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2007); Missouri Botanical Garden (2007); IABIN (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urena lobata (caesar weed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urena sinuata (bur mallow) | Present | Native | | Idárraga-Piedrahita et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa brizantha (palisadegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa decumbens (signal grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa humidicola (koronivia grass) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa mutica (para grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa reptans (sprawling signalgrass) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urtica urens (annual nettle) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Utricularia gibba | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vachellia macracantha (porknut) | Present | | | ILDIS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbena brasiliensis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbena litoralis (blue vervain) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbesina encelioides (golden crownbeard) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Veronica serpyllifolia (thymeleaf speedwell) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vicia villosa (hairy vetch) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vigna marina (beach bean) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vitex agnus-castus (chaste tree) | Present | Introduced | | Bernal et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vitex parviflora (molave) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vulpia bromoides (squirreltail fescue) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Xanthium spinosum (bathurst burr) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Xanthosoma sagittifolium (elephant ear) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Youngia japonica (oriental false hawksbeard) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zinnia peruviana (Peruvian zinnia) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ziziphus mauritiana (jujube) | Present | Introduced | | Morton (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zoysia matrella (Manila grass) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2016); eMonocot (2016) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Paramyxea | Marteilia refringens | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Bonamia exitiosa | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Bonamia ostreae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Mikrocystos mackini | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Perkinsus marinus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Perkinsus olseni | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Plasmodium relictum | Present | Native | | Bennett and Borrero H. (1976) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Tritrichomonas foetus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma equiperdum | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma evansi | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Desquesnes (2004); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | African horse sickness virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | African swine fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Arterivirus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | avian infectious bronchitis virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | avian metapneumovirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Avipoxvirus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Banana streak disease | Present | Native | Invasive | Diekmann and Putter (1996) |
Virus | | | Barley yellow dwarf viruses (barley yellow dwarf) | Present | | | Dubin et al. (1984); Fox et al. (1990) |
Virus | | | bluetongue virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine herpesvirus 1 | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine leukemia virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine viral diarrhea virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | camelpox virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | caprine arthritis encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Citrus leprosis virus C (leprosis of citrus) | Present, Localized | | | CABI/EPPO (2013); León et al. (2006); Leon M. et al. (2006); León et al. (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | classical swine fever virus | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | duck hepatitis A virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | eastern equine encephalitis virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | equid herpesvirus 1 | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine arteritis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine infectious anaemia virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine influenzavirus | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | foot-and-mouth disease virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | fowlpox virus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Gallid herpesvirus 2 | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Haliotid herpesvirus 1 | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | infectious bursal disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | infectious myonecrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | infectious salmon anemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | influenza A virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019); |
Virus | | | Japanese encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | lumpy skin disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Maize dwarf mosaic virus (dwarf mosaic of maize) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2003); CABI (Undated) |
Virus | | | myxoma virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Nairobi sheep disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Newcastle disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Nipah virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Papaya ringspot virus | Present, Widespread | | | Torres and Giacometti (1966); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Virus | | | peste des petits ruminants virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus | Present | | | Piñeros and Mogollón Galvis (2015) |
Virus | | | rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | rabies virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | red sea bream iridovirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Rift Valley fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | rinderpest virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | spring viraemia of carp virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Sugarcane mosaic virus (sugarcane mosaic) | Present | | | ISSCT (1989); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Suid herpesvirus 1 | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | swine vesicular disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Taura syndrome virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); Aranguren et al. (2013); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (tomato spotted wilt) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1978); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | transmissible gastroenteritis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | vesicular stomatitis virus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |
Virus | | | visna/maedi virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | West Nile virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | western equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | White spot syndrome virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2018) |