| | | yellow head virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Clavibacter michiganensis (bacterial canker of tomato) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2009) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (bacterial wilt of dry beans) | Present, Localized | | | Maringoni and Rosa (1997); CABI and EPPO (2010); Martins et al. (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Dermatophilus congolensis | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (sugarcane ratoon stunting disease) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Mycobacterium bovis | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Bacteroidetes | Paenibacillus larvae | Present | | | Schuch et al. (2003) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Bacillus anthracis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris (yellow disease phytoplasmas) | Present | | | Bedendo et al. (1997); Alves et al. (2018) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Candidatus Phytoplasma phoenicium | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Melissococcus plutonius | Present | | | Schotman (1989); Bailey (1984); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma gallisepticum | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) type | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma synoviae | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Spiroplasma kunkelii (corn stunt spiroplasma) | Present | | | Hammond and Bedendo (2001); CABI and EPPO (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Acidovorax citrulli (fruit blotch) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Anaplasma marginale | Present | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella abortus | Present | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella melitensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella ovis | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella suis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Burkholderia caryophylli (bacterial wilt of carnation) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Burkholderia pseudomallei | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Hepatobacter penaei | Present | | | Gomes et al. (2010) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (citrus greening) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2017); Coletta Filho et al. (2004); Coletta Filho et al. (2005); Bové (2006); Lopes et al. (2007); Lopes et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | citrus huanglongbing (greening) disease (citrus greening) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Coxiella burnetii | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Dickeya solani (black leg disease of potato) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Cardoza et al. (2017) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Edwardsiella tarda | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ehrlichia ruminantium | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Escherichia coli | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Francisella tularensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Mannheimia haemolytica | Present, Localized | | | CABI (Undated) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pasteurella multocida | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pseudomonas cichorii (bacterial blight of endive) | Present, Widespread | | | Bradbury (1986); Maringoni et al. (2003); Moreira et al. (2015); Marques et al. (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi (oleander knot) | Present | | Invasive | Bradbury (1986); UK, CAB International (1987) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022); Arriel et al. (2014); Tebaldi et al. (2014) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 (bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); Almeida et al. (2007); EPPO (2021) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 (moko disease) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2021) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella Abortusequi | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella abortusovis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella enteritidis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella gallinarum | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella pullorum | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella typhimurium | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Taylorella equigenitalis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Vibrio parahaemolyticus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (cassava bacterial blight) | Present, Widespread | | | UK, CAB International (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (bean blight) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vasculorum (sugarcane gumming disease) | Absent, Formerly present | | | Bradbury (1986); Ricaud and Autrey (1989); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas citri (citrus canker) | Present | Introduced | | Pereira et al. (1976); Leite and Mohan (1990); Pruvost et al. (1992); Vernière et al. (1998); Li et al. (2007); Behlau et al. (2008); Lan Bui Thi Ngoc et al. (2010); Jaciani et al. (2012); Lin HsinCheng et al. (2012); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas fragariae (angular leaf spot) | Present, Localized | | | CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis (bacterial leaf streak of grasses) | Present | | | EPPO (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens (bacterial leaf streak of barley) | Present | | | CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xenohaliotis californiensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xylella fastidiosa (Pierce's disease of grapevines) | Present, Localized | | | Beretta et al. (1996); Lima et al. (1998); Laranjeira et al. (2000); Lopes et al. (2000); Li et al. (2001); Oliveira et al. (2002); Coletta Filho and Machado (2003); Li et al. (2003); Lopes et al. (2003); Schaad et al. (2004); Poltronieri et al. (2005); Wickert et al. (2007); Laranjeira et al. (2008); Rocha et al. (2010); Ping et al. (2013); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Spirochaetes | Leptospira interrogans | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Aphanomyces astaci | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Aphanomyces invadans | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Peronosclerospora sorghi (sorghum downy mildew) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Barbosa et al. (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Peronospora belbahrii (basil downy mildew) | Present | | | Silva et al. (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora cinnamomi (Phytophthora dieback) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Santos et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora colocasiae (taro leaf blight) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2014) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora infestans (Phytophthora blight) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1982); Carter et al. (1990); Reis et al. (2006); Casa-Coila et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Plasmopara halstedii (downy mildew of sunflower) | Present | | | Duarte et al. (2013); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Plasmopara viticola (grapevine downy mildew) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Alternaria japonica (pod spot of radish) | Present | | | David (2000); Crochemore and Piza (1994); Mendes et al. (1998); Cabral et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Bipolaris victoriae (Victoria blight of oats) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); Tveit (1956); UK, CAB International (1990) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew of grasses and cereals) | Present | | | Felício et al. (1996); CABI and EPPO (2004); Costamilan (2005); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Ceratocystis fimbriata (Ceratocystis blight) | Present, Localized | Native | | Roux et al. (2000); Engelbrecht and Harrington (2005); Halfeld-Vieira and Nechet (2006); Silveira et al. (2006); Wyk et al. (2006); Ferreira et al. (2010); Harrington et al. (2011); Firmino et al. (2012); Halfeld-Vieira et al. (2012); Firmino et al. (2013); Oliveira et al. (2013); Arriel et al. (2014); Harrington et al. (2015); Oliveira et al. (2015); Melo et al. (2016); Silva et al. (2017); Santos et al. (2018); EPPO (2022); Herb IMI (undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Claviceps africana (ergot) | Present | Introduced | | Almeida Pinto et al. (1997); Bandyopadhyay et al. (1998); CABI and EPPO (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Colletotrichum acutatum (black spot of strawberry) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); Theodoro et al. (2004); CABI and EPPO (2010); Bellé et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Didymella fabae (leaf and pod spot) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Mendes et al. (1998) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Diplodia seriata (grapevine trunk disease) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (2005) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Elsinoë australis (citrus scab) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2012); Costanzo et al. (2013); Fan et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Erysiphe platani | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Panama disease of banana) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Fourie et al. (2009); Dita et al. (2010); CABI and EPPO (2015); Costa et al. (2015); Czislowski et al. (2018); Zheng SiJun et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. elaeidis (fusarium wilt of oil palm) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (Fusarium wilt) | Present, Localized | | | Cia (1977); Chalfoun (1979); UK, CAB International (1982); Assigbetse et al. (1994); Fernandez et al. (1994); Skovgaard et al. (2001); Abo et al. (2005); Holmes et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusicladium effusum (pecan scab) | Present | | | Mendes et al. (1998); CABI/EPPO (2012) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Gibberella circinata (pitch canker) | Present | | | Pfenning et al. (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Gibberella indica (wilt of pigeon pea) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Guignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot) | Present, Localized | | | Goes et al. (2000); Baayen et al. (2002); Timossi et al. (2003); Nunes et al. (2006); Alves et al. (2007); Guimarães (2008); Possiede et al. (2009); Rappussi et al. (2009); Lucon et al. (2010); CABI/EPPO (2012); Wikee et al. (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Kabatiella zeae (eyespot) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1993) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum pathotype (wheat blast) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Monilinia fructigena (brown rot) | Absent, Formerly present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Cordeiro et al. (1998); CABI and EPPO (2011); Silveira et al. (2016); Ramos et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella gibsonii (needle blight of pine) | Present, Few occurrences | | | Ivory (1987); Braun et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella pini (Dothistroma blight) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella populorum (septoria leaf spot) | Present | | | Mio and Amorim (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Oidium anacardii (cashew powdery mildew) | Present | | | Ponte (1986) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Phomopsis vexans (Phomopsis blight of eggplant) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2008) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Pseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Pseudocercospora ulei (South American leaf blight of rubber (SALB)) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Sphaeropsis sapinea (Sphaeropsis blight) | Present | | | May (1964); Punithalingham and Waterston (1970); Herb IMI (undated); Sutton (undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Trichoconiella padwickii (stackburn disease) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Mathur (1981); Soave et al. (1985); Mendes et al. (1998); Scheidt et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Amylostereum areolatum | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Chiarello Penteado et al. (2000); Ireland et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Winter (1884); Joffily (1944); Ferreira (1983); Alfenas et al. (2003); Graça et al. (2013); Salazar Yepes and Carvalho Júnior (2013); CABI and EPPO (2014); Pieri et al. (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Moniliophthora perniciosa (witches' broom disease of cacao) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2002); Loguercio et al. (2009); Marelli et al. (2009); Patrocínio et al. (2017); Lima et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Moniliophthora roreri (frosty pod rot) | Absent, Never occurred | | | Evans (1981); Anonymous (2009) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phakopsora euvitis (grape rust fungus) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Tessmann et al. (2004); CABI and EPPO (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soyabean rust) | Present, Widespread | | | Hernández (2005); CABI and EPPO (2015); Dorighello et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia graminis (stem rust of cereals) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia horiana (white rust of chrysanthemum) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Pitta et al. (1977); CABI and EPPO (2008) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia kuehnii (orange rust) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (2015); Barbasso et al. (2010); IPPC (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Thecaphora frezii (peanut smut) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Tilletia indica (Karnal bunt of wheat) | Absent, Formerly present | | | Jones (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Annelida | Alitta succinea (pile worm) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Annelida | Branchiomma luctuosum | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Annelida | Hydroides dirampha | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Annelida | Polydora nuchalis | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Acarapis woodi (honeybee mite) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aceria guerreronis (coconut mite) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aculops fuchsiae (Fuchsia gall mite) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aculops lycopersici (tomato russet mite) | Present | | | Rossetto (1972); Flechtmann (1974); Ramalho (1978); Ramalho and Veiga (1980); Oliveira and Sponchiado (1983); Haji et al. (1988); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aedes aegypti | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aethina tumida | Present | | | OIE (2020); OIE (2020) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI (Undated); Fernandes et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleochara puberula | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurocanthus woglumi (citrus blackfly) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); Lemos et al. (2006); Pena et al. (2009); Lopes et al. (2010); Silva et al. (2011); Molina et al. (2014); Silva et al. (2015); Alvim et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurodicus cocois (coconut whitefly) | Present | | | Mound and Halsey (1978); Silva (1977) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurodicus destructor (coconut whitefly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurodicus dispersus (whitefly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Marsaro Júnior et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurotrachelus atratus (palm-infesting whitefly) | Present | Native | | Hempel (1922) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Amblyomma variegatum (tropical bont tick) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Amphibalanus improvisus (bay barnacle) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | Henry and McLaughlin (1975); Farrapeira (2009); Farrapeira (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha fraterculus (South American fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Wiedemann (1830); Stone (1942); Cardoso et al. (2002); Garcia et al. (2003); Cardoso et al. (2004); Destéfano et al. (2005); Caetano et al. (2006); Goncalves et al. (2006); Gonçalves et al. (2006); Vera et al. (2006); Bomfim et al. (2007); Feitosa et al. (2007); Silva and Silva (2007); Aguiar-Menezes et al. (2008); Uramoto et al. (2008); Barbosa-Negrisoli et al. (2009); Leal et al. (2009); Azevedo et al. (2010); Silva et al. (2010); Uchôa and Nicácio (2010); Souza et al. (2012); Savaris et al. (2013); Manni et al. (2015); Klesener et al. (2016); Lemos et al. (2017); Maciel et al. (2017); Alves et al. (2019); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha grandis (South American cucurbit fruit fly) | Present, Localized | Native | | Stone (1942); Silva and Malavasi (1993); Silva and Malavasi (1996); Malavasi and Zucchi (2000); CABI and EPPO (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha obliqua (West Indian fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Lima da Costa (1934); Zahler (1991); Silva et al. (1996); Ohashi et al. (1997); Aguiar-Menezes and Menezes (2001); Lemons et al. (2002); Uchôa-Fernandes et al. (2002); Uchôa-Fernandes et al. (2003); Uramoto et al. (2004); Araujo et al. (2005); Ronchi-Teles and Silva (2005); Santos et al. (2005); Souza et al. (2005); Goncalves et al. (2006); Gonçalves et al. (2006); Bomfim et al. (2007); Silva et al. (2007); Araujo et al. (2008); De Oliveira et al. (2008); Feitosa et al. (2008); Martins et al. (2008); Uramoto et al. (2008); Dutra et al. (2009); Thomazini and Albuquerque (2009); Uchôa and Nicácio (2010); CABI/EPPO (2011); Garcia and Norrbom (2011); Silva et al. (2011); Montes et al. (2012); Souza et al. (2012); Marsaro Júnior et al. (2013); Bomfim et al. (2014); Lemos et al. (2017); Almeida et al. (2019); Alves et al. (2019); Rodrigues et al. (2021); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha serpentina (sapodilla fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Wiedemann (1830); Greene (1934); Stone (1942); CABI and EPPO (2001); Raga et al. (2003); Ronchi-Teles and Silva (2005); Uramoto et al. (2008); Leal et al. (2009); Uchôa and Nicácio (2010); Lemos et al. (2011); Silva et al. (2011); Bomfim et al. (2014); Lemos et al. (2017); Almeida et al. (2019); Rodrigues et al. (2021); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha striata (guava fruit fly) | Present, Localized | Native | | Stone (1942); Selivon and Morgante (1997); Norrbom et al. (1999); Malavasi and Zucchi (2000); CABI and EPPO (2002); Rodrigues et al. (2006); Bomfin et al. (2007); Selivon et al. (2007); Marsaro Júnior et al. (2011); Ronchi-Teles et al. (2011); Jesus-Barros et al. (2012); Deus et al. (2013); Taira et al. (2013); de Oliveira (2015); Adaime et al. (2017); Lemos et al. (2017); Souza et al. (2018); Almeida et al. (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha suspensa (Caribbean fruit fly) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anthonomus grandis (Mexican cotton boll weevil) | Present | Introduced | | Toledo et al. (2000); Martins et al. (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidiella aurantii (red scale) | Present | | | Ebeling (1959); Rose (1990); Almeida et al. (2018); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidiella orientalis (oriental yellow scale) | Present | | | Mckenzie (1938); Costa et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidomytilus albus (tapioca scale) | Present | Native | | Nakahara (1982); Kondo (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis craccivora (groundnut aphid) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Leite et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1968); Carletto et al. (2009); Fernandes et al. (2011); Leite et al. (2015); Cunha and Sousa e Silva (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1969) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Apis mellifera | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Apis mellifera scutellata (africanized bee) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Lopes and Machado (1998); Diniz et al. (2003); Francoy et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Artemia (brine shrimp) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Autographa gamma (silver-Y moth) | Absent, Formerly present | | | Erazo-Moreno et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bactrocera carambolae (carambola fruit fly) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); Clarke et al. (2001); Aguilar and Santos (2007); Lemos et al. (2014); Almeida et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Balanus amphitrite (striped barnacle) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Balanus reticulatus | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Balanus trigonus | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly) | Present, Localized | | | CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); Leite et al. (2015); Fonseca et al. (2016); Borges et al. (2019); Trindade et al. (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (MEAM1) (silverleaf whitefly) | Present, Localized | | | Lourenção and Nagai (1994); Brown et al. (1995); CABI and EPPO (1999); Nunes et al. (2008); Rodrigues et al. (2010); Fernandes-Acioli et al. (2011); Fonseca et al. (2013); Boiteux et al. (2016); Mituti et al. (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (MED) (silverleaf whitefly) | Present | | | Barbosa et al. (2015); Bello et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Blattella germanica (German cockroach) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bombus terrestris (bumble bee) | Present | Introduced | | Costa and Lordello (1988); Thorp (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Boophilus microplus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bradinothrips musae | Present | | | Lima and Zucchi (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Brevipalpus phoenicis (false spider mite) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI/EPPO (2013); Kitajima et al. (2003); Miranda et al. (2007); Rodrigues et al. (2008); Sousa et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bruchophagus roddi (alfalfa seed chalcid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cactoblastis cactorum (cactus moth) | Present, Localized | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Caliothrips fasciatus | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Callinectes sapidus (blue crab) | Present | Native | | Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission (2001); Tavares (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Callosobruchus chinensis (Chinese bruchid) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea weevil) | Present, Widespread | | | Credland and Dick (1987) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Carcinus maenas (European shore crab) | Absent, Formerly present | | | Carlton and Cohen (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Carpophilus fumatus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Carpophilus nepos | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cerataphis lataniae (palm aphid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Schotman (1989); CABI and EPPO (2007); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Enkerlin et al. (1989); Kourti et al. (1992); McPheron and Steck (1996); Ronchi-Teles and Silva (1996); Gasparich et al. (1997); Davies et al. (1999); Gasperi et al. (2002); Uchôa-Fernandes et al. (2002); Raga et al. (2004); Araujo et al. (2005); Gonçalves et al. (2006); Pontes (2006); Bomfim et al. (2007); Uramoto et al. (2008); Leal et al. (2009); Uchôa and Nicácio (2010); Araujo (2011); Garcia and Norrbom (2011); Marsaro Júnior et al. (2011); Martins (2011); Nicácio and Uchôa (2011); Raga et al. (2011); Husch et al. (2012); Ricalde et al. (2012); Veloso et al. (2012); Savaris et al. (2013); Aquino and Joachim-Bravo (2014); de Moura Araujo et al. (2014); Querino et al. (2014); CABI and EPPO (2015); Araujo et al. (2016); Adaime et al. (2017); Balmès and Mouttet (2017); Trassato et al. (2017); Alves et al. (2019); Galli et al. (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Charybdis hellerii | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus aonidum (circular scale) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Almeida et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1969) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screw-worm) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chthamalus proteus | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cinara cupressi sensu lato (Cypress aphid) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Coccinella septempunctata (seven-spot ladybird) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm) | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Conoderus rufangulus | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Coptotermes gestroi (Asian subterranean termite) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Evans et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Crocidosema plebejana (cotton tipworm) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cryptotermes brevis (powderpost termite) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Hagen (1858); Constantino (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ctenarytaina eucalypti (blue gum psyllid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Burckhardt et al. (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ctenarytaina spatulata | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Heinemann and Belkin (1979) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Daphnia lumholtzi | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dermestes olivieri | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dialeurodes citri (citrus whitefly) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Mound and Halsey (1978); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI/EPPO (2011); Nava et al. (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Diaspidiotus perniciosus (San José scale) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dinoderus minutus (bamboo borer) | Present | Introduced | | Wu et al. (1986) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dipogon lignosus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (2016); Deprá et al. (2014); Vilela and Mori (2014); Andreazza et al. (2016); Souza et al. (2017); Louzeiro et al. (2019); Mendonca et al. (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Duponchelia fovealis (Southern European marshland pyralid) | Present | | | Pirovani et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Compere (1936); Culik and Gullan (2005); Morandi Filho et al. (2015); Lopes et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus neobrevipes (grey pineapple mealybug) | Present | | | García Morales et al. (2016); Williams and Granara de Willink (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly aphid) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Erthesina fullo (yellow-spotted stink bug) | Present | | | Brugnera et al. (2021); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Eulachnus rileyi (pine needle aphid) | Present | | | NHM (1970) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Eupoecilia ambiguella (grapevine moth) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ferrisia virgata (striped mealybug) | Present | | | Kaydan and Gullan (2012); Ben-Dov (1994); Almeida et al. (2018); Lopes et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Nakahara (1997); CABI and EPPO (1999); Yamada et al. (2016); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Geococcus coffeae (coffee root mealybug) | Present | | | Schotman (1989); Williams and Granara de Willink (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Glycaspis brimblecombei (red gum lerp psyllid) | Present | | | Oliveira et al. (2006); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gonipterus scutellatus (eucalyptus snout beetle) | Present, Localized | | | D'ARAÚJO E SILVA et al. (1968); Fenilli (1982); Rosado-Neto (1993); CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Grapholita molesta (Oriental fruit moth) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); Kirk et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Greenidea ficicola | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gymnandrosoma aurantianum (citrus fruit borer) | Present, Widespread | | | Vianna (2015); Da Costa Lima (1927); Bento et al. (2001); Matos et al. (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gynaikothrips ficorum (Cuban laurel thrips) | Present | | | Jacot-Guillarmod and Brothers (1986) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Haplaxius crudus (American palm cixiid) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); Silva et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Harmonia axyridis (harlequin ladybird) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Koch et al. (2006); CABI and EPPO (2007); Rezende et al. (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); Czepak et al. (2013); Bueno et al. (2014); Krinski and Godoy (2015); Pratissoli et al. (2015); Sosa-Gómez et al. (2016); Pinto et al. (2017); Arnemann et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Helicoverpa zea (bollworm) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (black tea thrips) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1961); Lima and Zucchi (2016); Souza et al. (2019); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hemiberlesia lataniae (latania scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1976); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hemiberlesia rapax (greedy scale (USA)) | Present | | | Merrill (1953) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hylurgus ligniperda (red-haired pine bark beetle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Wood and Bright (1992); CABI and EPPO (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hypogeococcus pungens (cactus mealybug) | Present | Native | | Ben-Dov (1994); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer) | Present, Localized | | | Gama et al. (2006); Cristancho et al. (2007); Gumier-Costa (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hypsipyla grandella (mahogany shoot borer) | Present | | | Zanetti et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Almeida et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Insignorthezia insignis (greenhouse orthezia) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Leptocybe invasa (blue gum chalcid) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Leptoglossus occidentalis (western conifer-seed bug) | Present | Introduced | | van der Heyden and Faúndez (2020); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Lernaea cyprinacea | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Linepithema humile (Argentine ant) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); Wild (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liposcelis decolor | Present | | | Koike (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza huidobrensis (serpentine leafminer) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (2002); Alves et al. (2014); Pereira et al. (2015); Soares et al. (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza sativae (vegetable leaf miner) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Listroderes costirostris (vegetable weevil) | Present | | | Buchanan (1937); Morrone (1993); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Litopenaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Maconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Culik et al. (2013); Marsaro Júnior et al. (2013); Peronti and Martinelli (2014); CABI and EPPO (2015); Peronti et al. (2016); Peres-Filho et al. (2017); Lopes et al. (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Macrobrachium rosenbergii (giant freshwater prawn) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); New (2000) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid) | Present | Introduced | | UK, CAB International (1984) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Marsupenaeus japonicus (kuruma shrimp) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Megaplatypus mutatus | Present | | | Wood and Bright (1992); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Metcalfa pruinosa (frosted moth-bug) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Monomorium destructor (Singapore ant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Monomorium floricola | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Monomorium pharaonis (pharaoh ant) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Mononychellus tanajoa (cassava green mite) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Moraes et al. (1995) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Mythimna unipuncta (rice armyworm) | Present | Native | | UK, CAB International (1967) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) | Present, Widespread | | | Smith and Cermeli (1979); UK, CAB International (1979); Vieira et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Neoleucinodes elegantalis (eggplant stem borer) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Franca et al. (1979); Medal et al. (1996); Picanço et al. (1998); Blackmer et al. (2001); Cabrera et al. (2001); Nunes and Leal (2001); Eiras and Blackmer (2003); Miranda et al. (2005); Wamser et al. (2008); Costa et al. (2009); Silva et al. (2017); Oliveira et al. (2019); Silva et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nezara viridula (green stink bug) | Present, Widespread | | | UK, CAB International (1970); Moscardi (1993); Panizzi (2002); Vivan and Panizzi (2006); Ricalde et al. (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nipaecoccus nipae (spiked mealybug) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oecobius annulipes | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Opogona sacchari (banana moth) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Suplicy Filho and Sampaio (1982); Sampaio et al. (1983); CABI and EPPO (1999); Zorzenon and Potenza (2003); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oryzaephilus surinamensis (saw toothed grain beetle) | Present | | | Champ and Dyte (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (cotton, seed bug) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Hambleton and Sauer (1938); Santos et al. (1977); Nagoshi et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paraleyrodes bondari | Present | | | Cassino and Nascimento (1999); CABI Data Mining (2011); Stocks (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paratrechina fulva | Present | | | Gotzek et al. (2012); Fox et al. (2010); Gusmão et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paratrechina longicornis (crazy ant) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Parlatoria cinerea | Present | | | Almeida et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Parthenolecanium persicae (peach scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1979); Soria and Conte (2000) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paysandisia archon (South American palm borer) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022); Flint et al. (1979); Gutierrez et al. (1986); Mafra-Neto and Habib (1996); Venzon et al. (2003); de Melo et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Penaeus monodon (giant tiger prawn) | Present | Introduced | | DIAS (2007); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pheidole megacephala (big-headed ant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Kempf (1972) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phenacoccus manihoti (cassava mealybug) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phenacoccus solenopsis (cotton mealybug) | Present | Introduced | | Matienzo et al. (2003); Resende et al. (2006); Hodges et al. (2008); Kondo et al. (2008); Muniappan (2009); Prishanthini and Vinobaba (2009); CABI/EPPO (2012); Culik et al. (2013); Lopes et al. (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Philornis downsi | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phoracantha recurva (eucalyptus longhorned borer) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Silva (2002); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phoracantha semipunctata (eucalyptus longhorned borer) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phthorimaea absoluta (tomato leafminer) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Filho et al. (2000); Siqueira et al. (2000); Ferrara et al. (2001); CABI and EPPO (2013); Dias et al. (2013); Gontijo et al. (2013); Silva et al. (2016); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phthorimaea operculella (potato tuber moth) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phyllocnistis citrella (citrus leaf miner) | Present, Localized | | | UK, CAB International (1986); Silva et al. (1997); Garcia and Carabagialle (2000); Nascimento et al. (2000); Sá et al. (2000); Sant'Ana et al. (2003); Thomazini and Albuquerque (2005); Jesus et al. (2008); Jaciani et al. (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pineus boerneri (pine woolly aphid) | Present | | | Lazzari and Cardoso (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pissodes castaneus (small banded pine weevil) | Present | | | Iede et al. (2007); Marques et al. (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); Almeida et al. (2018); Lopes et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) | Present, Widespread | | | Salinas (1986) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Polyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mite) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crayfish) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Prostephanus truncatus (larger grain borer) | Absent, Formerly present | | | UK, CAB International (1995); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (mulberry scale) | Present, Localized | | | Borchsenius (1966); Castro et al. (2020); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudococcus elisae (banana mealybug) | Present | | | NHM (1982); Williams and Granara de Willink (1992); Culik et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudococcus viburni (obscure mealybug) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Psydrothrips kewi | Present | | | Cavalleri et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Quadrastichus erythrinae (Erythrina gall wasp) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Raoiella indica (red palm mite) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Navia et al. (2011); Rodrigues and Antony (2011); Oliveira et al. (2016); Hata et al. (2017); Melo et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Harris mud crab) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | Williams (1965); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhynchophorus palmarum (South American palm weevil) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022); Husband and Flechtmann (1972); Moura et al. (1993); Moura et al. (1995); Araújo et al. (1998); Ferreira et al. (2003); Miguens et al. (2011); Pinho et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer) | Present | | | Taylor and Halliday (1986); Pacheco et al. (1990) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Russelliana solanicola | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Saissetia oleae (olive scale) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Ricalde et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Scirtothrips dorsalis (chilli thrips) | Present, Few occurrences | | | EPPO (2022); Dias-Pini et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Scyphophorus acupunctatus (agave weevil) | Present | | | Vaurie (1971); Wibmer and O'Brien (1986); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sirex noctilio (woodwasp) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Iede et al. (1988); Anon (1998); Wilcken et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus oryzae (lesser grain weevil) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus zeamais (greater grain weevil) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitotroga cerealella (grain moth) | Present | | | Cruz (1980); Rebelles Reis (1989) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Solenopsis geminata (tropical fire ant) | Present | Native | | ISSG (2009); Gotzek et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Solenopsis invicta (red imported fire ant) | Present, Localized | Native | | CABI (Undated); CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Solenopsis richteri (black imported fire ant) | Present, Localized | Native | | Pitts (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera eridania (southern armyworm) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Farias et al. (2008); Souza et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sternochetus mangiferae (mango seed weevil) | Present, Few occurrences | | | Silva and Ricalde (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tachinaephagus zealandicus | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Takecallis taiwanus | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) | Present | | | International Institute of Entomology (1996); Sousa et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Thaumastocoris peregrinus (bronze bug) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Wilcken et al. (2010); Nadel et al. (2010); Mascarin et al. (2012); Souza et al. (2012); PereiraI et al. (2013); Ribeiro et al. (2015); CABI and EPPO (2017); Saliba et al. (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Thrips palmi (melon thrips) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Monteiro et al. (1995); CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); Monteiro et al. (2001); Leite et al. (2006); Almeida et al. (2008); Leite et al. (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tibraca limbativentris (stinkbug) | Present | | | Schotman (1989); S. Martins et al. (1997); Borges et al. (2006); Maciel et al. (2007); Rampelotti et al. (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trialeurodes vaporariorum (whitefly, greenhouse) | Present | | | Byrne et al. (1990); Lourenção et al. (2008); Marsaro Júnior et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tropilaelaps | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Unaspis citri (citrus snow scale) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Almeida et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Varroa destructor (Varroa mite) | Present | | | OIE (2019); Alves et al. (1975); Moretto and Leonidas (2003); OIE (2009); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Viteus vitifoliae (grapevine phylloxera) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Wasmannia auropunctata (little fire ant) | Present | Native | Invasive | ISSG (2014); Wetterer and Porter (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborinus saxesenii (fruit-tree pinhole borer) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus volvulus | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus compactus (shot-hole borer) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Wood (1980); CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Asian ambrosia beetle) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus morigerus (brown twig beetle) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Rodríguez et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Bryozoa | Bugula neritina (brown bryozoan) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Bryozoa | Schizoporella errata (branching bryozoan) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Bryozoa | Schizoporella unicornis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Aristichthys nobilis (bighead carp) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); FishBase (2004); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ascidia sydneiensis | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Astronotus ocellatus (oscar) | Present | | | Silvano and Begossi (2001); Latini and Petrere (2004); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bos taurus (cattle) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bubalus bubalis (Asian water buffalo) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Long (2003); Camarao et al. (2004); Borghese (2005); Sheikh et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bubulcus ibis (cattle egret) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Capra hircus (goats) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Carassius auratus auratus (goldfish) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cichla ocellaris (peacock cichlid) | Present | | | Chong et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ciona intestinalis (sea vase) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Clarias gariepinus | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Clavelina oblonga | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Columba livia (pigeons) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Corvus splendens (house crow) | Absent, Formerly present | | | Ryall (2016) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) | Present | Introduced | | Shireman and Smith (1983); FAO (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cyprinus carpio (common carp) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Didelphis marsupialis (common opossum) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Caceres and Monteiro-Filho (2006); IUCN (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Didemnum perlucidum | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Equus asinus (donkeys) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Equus ferus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Felis catus (cat) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hoplosternum littorale (armoured catfish) | Present | Native | | FishBase (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (capybara) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2004); FishBase (2005); Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ictalurus punctatus (channel catfish) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Welcomme (1988); Piedras (1990); Froese and Pauly (2004); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Iguana iguana (iguana) | Present | Native | | Leenders (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Lepomis cyanellus (green sunfish) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Lepomis gibbosus (pumpkinseed) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) | Present | | | Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Lepus europaeus (European hare) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Grigera and Rapoport (1983); Bonino et al. (2010); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Macaca mulatta (rhesus macaque) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Marmosa cinerea | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) | Present | Introduced | | Scott and Crossman (1973); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Molothrus bonariensis (shiny cowbird) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Myiopsitta monachus (monk parakeet) | Present | Native | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Myocastor coypus (coypu) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis aureus (blue tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Pullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Pullin et al. (1997); Starling et al. (2002); Froese and Pauly (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ovis aries (sheep) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pantherophis guttatus (corn snake) | Absent, Formerly present | | | Eterovic and Duarte (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Passer domesticus (house sparrow) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Phalloceros caudimaculatus (dusky millions fish) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Phallusia nigra (black sea squirt) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Piaractus brachypomus (pirapitinga) | Present | Native | | Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Poecilia latipinna (sailfin molly) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Poecilia reticulata (guppy) | Present | Native | Invasive | Froese and Pauly (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Poecilia vivipara | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Polyandrocarpa zorritensis | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Pterois volitans (lionfish) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rachycentron canadum (cobia) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rana catesbeiana (American bullfrog) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Lima et al. (1999); Flores Nava (2005); Giovanelli et al. (2008); Kraus (2009); Santos-Barrera et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rattus norvegicus (brown rat) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rattus rattus (black rat) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rhinella marina (cane toad) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Styela clava (Asian tunicate) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Styela plicata (pleated sea squirt) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Sus scrofa [ISC] (feral pig) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Sicuro and Oliveira (2002); Long (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Trachemys scripta elegans (red-eared slider) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Trichopodus trichopterus (three spot gourami) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tupinambis merianae (black and white tegu) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tyto alba (Barn owl) | Present | Native | | Bruce (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Xiphophorus hellerii | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Xiphophorus maculatus (southern platyfish) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Cnidaria | Cordylophora (euryhaline hydroid) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Cnidaria | Phyllorhiza punctata (Australian spotted jellyfish) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Cnidaria | Tubastraea coccinea (orange-cup coral) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Echinodermata | Ophiactis savignyi | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Achatina fulica (giant African land snail) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Paiva (1999); Fonseca and Nascimento (2004); Franco-Acuña et al. (2009); Vogler et al. (2013); Seebens et al. (2017); Santos et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Biomphalaria glabrata (marsh snail) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Corbicula fluminea (Asian clam) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Duarte and Diefenbach (1994) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Cornu aspersum (common garden snail) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Taylor (1914); Reichling (1950); Flechtmann and Baggio (1985); Escargots Funcia (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Crassostrea virginica (eastern oyster) | Present, Widespread | Native | | FIGIS (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Deroceras invadens (tramp slug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Barker (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Deroceras laeve (meadow slug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Maurer et al. (2002); Landal et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Limacus flavus | Present | | | Landal et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Limax maximus (leopard slug) | Present | Introduced | | Boffi (1979); Simone (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Limnoperna fortunei (golden mussel) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Magallana gigas (Pacific oyster) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Marisa cornuarietis (giant ramshorn) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Cowie and Thiengo (2003); Simone (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Meghimatium pictum | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Gomes et al. (2011); Baronio et al. (2014); Landal et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Melanoides tuberculata (red-rimmed melania) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pinctada imbricata radiata (rayed pearl oyster) | Present | Native | | Leal (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Dos Santos and Mendes (1981); Santos et al. (1987); Cowie and Thiengo (2003); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pomacea maculata | Present, Widespread | Native | | Hayes et al. (2012); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Rapana venosa (veined rapana whelk) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | CABI (2020) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Theba pisana (white garden snail) | Absent, Formerly present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Anguina tritici (wheat seed gall nematode) | Absent, Formerly present | | | CHRISTIE and PERRY (1959); CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Aphelenchoides besseyi (rice leaf nematode) | Present | | | Lordello (1969); CABI and EPPO (2000); Favoreto et al. (2018); Noronha et al. (2021); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Aphelenchoides fragariae (strawberry crimp nematode) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Almeida (1992); CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi (Chrysanthemum foliar eelworm) | Present | | | Curi and Pitta (1971); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Ditylenchus dipsaci (stem and bulb nematode) | Present | | | Becker (1999); Subbotin et al. (2005); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Globodera rostochiensis (yellow potato cyst nematode) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Helicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode) | Present | | | Siddiqi (1973); Zem and Lordello (1981); CABI and EPPO (2003); Lima et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Lordello et al. (1992); CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode) | Present | | | Taylor et al. (1982); CABI and EPPO (2003); Lima et al. (2005); Moura et al. (2010); Araújo Filho et al. (2012); Lima et al. (2013); Machado et al. (2013); Bellé et al. (2016); Kaspary et al. (2017); Neves et al. (2017); Souza et al. (2021) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne enterolobii (Pacara earpod tree root-knot nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Carneiro et al. (2001); Carneiro et al. (2004); Hernandez et al. (2004); Torres et al. (2004); Torres et al. (2005); Carneiro et al. (2006); Silva et al. (2006); Oliveira et al. (2007); Almeida et al. (2008); Gomes et al. (2008); Silva et al. (2008); Arevalo et al. (2009); Charchar et al. (2009); Castro and Santana (2010); Tigano et al. (2010); Almeida et al. (2012); Gomes et al. (2012); Paes et al. (2012); Jindapunnapat et al. (2013); CABI and EPPO (2014); Rosa et al. (2014); Groth et al. (2017); Silva and Santos (2017); Soares et al. (2018); Luquini et al. (2019); Galbieri et al. (2020); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne ethiopica (Root-knot nematode) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2013); Carneiro et al. (2003); Carneiro et al. (2004); Bellé et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne graminicola (rice root knot nematode) | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (2001); Bellé et al. (2019); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne hapla (root knot nematode) | Present | | | Lordello and Monteiro (1974); CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI and EPPO (2002); Lima et al. (2005); Moura et al. (2010); Lima et al. (2013); Mota et al. (2013); Galbieri et al. (2020); Souza Junior et al. (2020); Nascimento et al. (2021) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm) | Present | | | Sharma (1980); CABI and EPPO (2002); Araújo Filho et al. (2012); Machado et al. (2013); Silva et al. (2014); Ito et al. (2015); Souza et al. (2015); Bellé et al. (2019); Galbieri et al. (2020); Nascimento et al. (2020); Nascimento et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne mayaguensis | Present, Widespread | | | Carneiro et al. (2001); Torres et al. (2004); Lima et al. (2005); Torres et al. (2005); EPPO (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Pratylenchus coffeae (banana root nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI and EPPO (2000); Muniz et al. (2012); Lima et al. (2013); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode) | Present | | | Zem and Lordello (1983); CABI and EPPO (1999); Lima et al. (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus (red ring nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Schuiling and Dinther (1982); Lande (1986); Araújo et al. (1998); CABI and EPPO (1999); Duarte et al. (2008); Magalhães et al. (2008); Silva et al. (2016); Silva et al. (2016); Bierhals et al. (2018); Silva et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Scutellonema bradys (yam nematode) | Present, Localized | | | Lordello (1959); CABI and EPPO (2011); Muniz et al. (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Trichinella | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Tylenchulus semipenetrans (citrus root nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Xiphinema index (fan-leaf virus nematode) | Present | | | Andrade and Peruzzo (1993); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Bothriocephalus acheilognathi | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Rego et al. (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus granulosus | Present | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus multilocularis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Gyrodactylus salaris | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Obama nungara | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Taenia solium | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila abortus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila psittaci | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Adiantum raddianum (delta maidenhair fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Azolla filiculoides (water fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Blechnum appendiculatum (palm fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Blechnum cordatum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Ceratopteris thalictroides (watersprite) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Christella dentata (soft fern) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Mesquita et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Deparia petersenii subsp. petersenii (Petersen’s lady fern) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Equisetum arvense (field horsetail) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Macrothelypteris torresiana (swordfern) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Nephrolepis brownii (Asian swordfern) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteridium aquilinum (bracken) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Lorenzi (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris tripartita (giant brake) | Present | Introduced | | Flora do Brasil (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | I3N-Brasil (2019); Flora do Brasil (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia auriculata (giant salvinia) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia minima | Present | Native | | GBIF (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia molesta (kariba weed) | Present, Widespread | | | Forno (1983); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Thelypteris opulenta (jewelled maiden fern) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Flora do Brasil (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Acanthophora spicifera | Present | Native | | Lourenço et al. (2005); Taylor (1930); Joly (1957); Taylor (1960); Joly (1965) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Eucheuma spp. | Present | Introduced | | de Paula et al. (1998); Paula et al. (1999) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Hypnea musciformis | Present | Native | | Joly (1965); Falcão and Menezes Széchy (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Rhodophyta | Kappaphycus | Present | Introduced | | Paula et al. (1999) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) | Present | | | Gasparotto et al. (2017); Culik et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abrus precatorius (rosary pea) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon grandifolium (hairy Indian mallow) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon indicum (country mallow) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon pictum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia angustissima (prairie acacia) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia auriculiformis (northern black wattle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Zenni and Ziller (2011); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia caven (Roman cassie) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia crassicarpa (northern wattle) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia decurrens (green wattle) | Present | Introduced | | Hanelt et al. (2001); CSIRO (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia farnesiana (huisache) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia longifolia (golden wattle) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | Instituto Horus (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mangium (brown salwood) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | Instituto Horus (2011); Duke (1983); Francis (2010); Parreira et al. (2014); Kew Royal Botanic Gardens (2016); Lima and Zucchi (2016); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Higa and Resende (1994); Stein and Tonietto (1997); ILDIS (2002); Santos et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia melanoxylon (Australian blackwood) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mellifera (blackthorn) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthospermum australe (spiny-bur) | Present, Widespread | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); Carvalho et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthospermum hispidum (bristly starbur) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Lorenzi (1982); Vergaças et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Achillea millefolium (yarrow) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acmella uliginosa (marsh para cress) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Adenanthera pavonina (red-bead tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Adonidia merrillii (Christmas palm) | Present | Introduced | | Félix et al. (2017); Rodrigues and Antony (2011); Melo et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aeschynomene americana (shyleaf) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave sisalana (sisal hemp) | Present | Introduced | | FAO (2012); Forzza RC et al. (2012); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); Culik et al. (2013); Mesquita et al. (2013); Vergaças et al. (2018); Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agrostis capillaris (common bent) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia chinensis (Chinese albizia) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | PIER (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia julibrissin (silk tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia procera (white siris) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aleurites moluccanus (candlenut tree) | Present | Introduced | | Krisnawati et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Allamanda blanchetii (purple allamanda) | Present | Native | | Koch et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Allamanda cathartica (yellow allamanda) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Miranda et al. (2007); Rodrigues et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Allium neapolitanum (False onion weed) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alocasia macrorrhizos (giant taro) | Present | Introduced | | León (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aloysia citrodora (lemon verbena) | Present | Introduced | | Salimena and Múlgura (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alpinia purpurata (red ginger) | Present | | | Miranda et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alpinia zerumbet (shell ginger) | Present | Introduced | | FLORIDATA (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alstroemeria aurea | Present | | | Meneses et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alstroemeria pulchella | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera ficoidea (rabbit meat) | Present | | | Mesquita et al. (2013); Vergaças et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera halimifolia (hairy joyweed) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Abud (1985); Julien et al. (1995); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera pungens (Khaki weed) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Santos-Filho et al. (2015); Tomchinsky et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alysicarpus vaginalis (alyce clover) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus blitum (livid amaranth) | Present | | | Lorenzi (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus cruentus (red amaranth) | Present | Introduced | | Siqueira (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus deflexus (Perennial Pigweed) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011); Specht et al. (2015); Vergaças et al. (2018); Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus dubius (spleen amaranth) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus hybridus (smooth pigweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991); Specht et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer amaranth) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | De Andrade Jr et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991); Specht et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus viridis (slender amaranth) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991); Kaspary et al. (2017); Vergaças et al. (2018); Gobatto et al. (2019); Lopes et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) | Present | | | Haselwood and Motter (1966); Holm et al. (1979); Fleck et al. (1989); USDA-ARS (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ambrosia peruviana (Peruvian ragweed) | Present | Native | | Mondin and Nakajima (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ambrosia tenuifolia (lacy ragweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Anagallis arvensis (scarlet pimpernel) | Present | | | Costa et al. (1984); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Andropogon gayanus | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Andropogon glomeratus (bushy bluestem) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Anethum graveolens (dill) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona cherimola (cherimoya) | Present | | | Bonaventure (1999); Morton (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona glabra (pond apple) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona muricata (soursop) | Present, Planted | | | Taira et al. (2013); Sousa et al. (2015); Costa et al. (2016); Adaime et al. (2017); Lemos et al. (2017); Belisário et al. (2018); Lopes et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona reticulata (bullock's heart) | Present | Introduced | | Morton (1987); Hanelt et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona squamosa (sugar apple) | Present | Introduced | | USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009); Sousa et al. (2015); Cardoso et al. (2017); Silva et al. (2017); Ramos et al. (2018); Lopes et al. (2019); Vieira et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Anredera cordifolia (Madeira vine) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Anthemis cotula (dog fennel) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Antigonon leptopus (coral vine) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy) | Present | Introduced | | Flora do Brasil (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argyreia nervosa (elephant creeper) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Flora do Brasil (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristolochia elegans (elegant Dutchman’s pipe) | Present | Native | | Forzza (2010); USDA-ARS (2015); Weeds of Australia (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristolochia littoralis (elegant dutchman's pipe) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristolochia ringens (Dutchman’s pipe) | Present | Native | | Gonzalez (1990) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arrhenatherum elatius (false oat-grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2016); eMonocot (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Artemisia biennis (biennial wormwood) | Present | | | Ling (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Artemisia verlotiorum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Instituto Horus (2019); Alvim et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arundina graminifolia (bamboo orchid) | Present | | | Rodrigues et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arundo donax (giant reed) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asclepias curassavica (bloodflower) | Present | | Invasive | Holm et al. (1997); USDA-ARS (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asystasia gangetica (chinese violet) | Present | Introduced | | Forzza RC et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Avena barbata (slender oat) | Present, Localized | | Invasive | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Avena fatua (wild oat) | Present | | | Silveira (1983) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Avena sterilis (winter wild oat) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Averrhoa bilimbi (bilimbi) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Axonopus compressus (carpet grass) | Present, Widespread | | | Manidool (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Axonopus fissifolius | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Azadirachta indica (neem tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002); Costa et al. (2013); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bacopa monnieri (water hyssop) | Present | Native | | Flora do Brasil (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa longispiculata (mahal bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | Filgueiras (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa textilis | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa tuldoides (punting pole bamboo) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Filgueiras (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Basella alba (malabar spinach) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2017); Flora do Brasil (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Batis maritima (saltwort) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia monandra (Napoleon's plume) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bauhinia variegata (mountain ebony) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014); Miranda et al. (2007); Lemes et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bidens pilosa (blackjack) | Present | Introduced | | GRIIS (2018); Fleck et al. (1989); Savaris et al. (2015); Specht et al. (2015); Vergaças et al. (2018); Gobatto et al. (2019); Lopes et al. (2019); Pereira et al. (2019); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bidens subalternans | Present | Native | | EPPO (2022); Savaris et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bixa orellana (annatto) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Flora do Brasil (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia coccinea (scarlet spiderling) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling) | Present | | | Azevedo and Beltrão (1984) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Borreria latifolia (broadleaf buttonweed) | Present, Localized | | | Gomes et al. (1991); Vergaças et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa ischaemum (yellow bluestem) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa pertusa (pitted beard grass) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bougainvillea spectabilis (great bougainvillea) | Present | Native | | Sá CFC (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brachypodium distachyon (purple false brome) | Present | | | Kaspary et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica juncea (mustard) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Oliveira et al. (2011); Reis and Boiteux (2010); Silva et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica nigra (black mustard) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica rapa (field mustard) | Present | Introduced | | Flora do Brasil (2018); Reis and Boiteux (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bromus hordeaceus (soft brome) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brugmansia suaveolens (white angel's trumpet) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush) | Present | | | GBIF (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cabomba caroliniana (Carolina fanwort) | Present | Native | | Washington State Department of Ecology (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) | Present | Introduced | | Forzza (2010); ILDIS (2014); Lima and Zucchi (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caladium bicolor (heart of Jesus) | Present | Native | | Coelho et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calliandra houstoniana var. calothyrsus (calliandra) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Callisia repens (creeping inch-plant) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calopogonium caeruleum (jicama) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Mesquita et al. (2013); Lima and Zucchi (2016); Carvalho et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calotropis procera (apple of sodom) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | Brandão (1995); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Hanelt et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) | Present | Introduced | | New York Botanical Garden (2016); Queiroz et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia gladiata (sword bean) | Present | Introduced | | Queiroz and Snak (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canna indica (canna lilly) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canna x generalis (canna lily) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Capsicum annuum (bell pepper) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated); Barbosa et al. (2010); Caires et al. (2014); Spadotti et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Capsicum baccatum (pepper) | Present | Native | | Eshbaugh (1970); USDA-ARS (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardiospermum grandiflorum (balloon vine) | Present | | | CABI (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Carludovica palmata (Panama hat plant) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cascabela thevetia (yellow oleander) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum) | Present | Introduced | | Botsaris (2007); Grace et al. (2012); Rabuske et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia grandis (pink shower) | Present | Native | | Forzza (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia javanica (pink shower) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Castilla elastica (Mexican rubber tree) | Present | | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina cunninghamiana (Australian beefwood) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina equisetifolia (casuarina) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | Poletto et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina glauca (scaly oak (Australia)) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Poderoso et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Duarte et al. (2013); Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cecropia peltata (trumpet tree) | Present | | | Fenner et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Clayton et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus echinatus (southern sandbur) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1977); Machado and Marchezan (1989); Holm et al. (1991); Carmona (1995); Mesquita et al. (2013); Vergaças et al. (2018); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014); Camelo-Garcia et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centratherum punctatum (lark daisy) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ceratophyllum demersum (coontail) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cereus hildmannianus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cereus jamacaru (Queen of the Night) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011); Coelho et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cestrum nocturnum (night jessamine) | Present | | | Miranda et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cestrum parqui (Chilean jessamine) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chamaecrista nictitans (sensitive partridge pea) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chamaesyce prostrata | Present | | | Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chenopodium album (fat hen) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chenopodium murale (nettleleaf goosefoot) | Present | | | Pio-Ribeiro et al. (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris barbata (purpletop chloris) | Present | | | Hafliger and Scholz (1981) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Filgueiras and Valls (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris pycnothrix | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chondrilla juncea (rush skeletonweed) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chrysanthemum carinatum | Present | | | Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Filgueiras (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cinnamomum burmanni (padang cassia) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cinnamomum camphora (camphor laurel) | Present | Introduced | | Frizzo et al. (2000); Dorneles et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Koketsu et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cissus verticillata (possum grape vine) | Present | Native | | Lombardi (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantiifolia (lime) | Present | | | FAO (2013); Silva et al. (2014); Almeida et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantium (sour orange) | Present | | | FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome gynandra | Present | Native | | Forzza and Janeiro (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome hassleriana | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome rutidosperma (fringed spiderflower) | Present | Introduced | | Philcox (1996) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum bungei (rose glorybower) | Present | Introduced | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum speciosissimum (Java glory bower) | Present | | | Rodrigues et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clidemia hirta (Koster's curse) | Present | Native | | Wester and Wood (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clusia rosea | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clytostoma callistegioides | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cocos nucifera (coconut) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Navia et al. (2011); Rodrigues and Antony (2011); Poderoso et al. (2013); Rosado et al. (2015); Bartlett et al. (2018); Melo et al. (2018); Ramos et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Flora do Brasil (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina benghalensis (wandering jew) | Present | | | Ciba Geigy (1982); Nunes et al. (2012); Vergaças et al. (2018); Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina diffusa (spreading dayflower) | Present | | | Ciba Geigy (1982); Mesquita et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina virginica | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conium maculatum (poison hemlock) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Convolvulus arvensis (bindweed) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1977); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza bonariensis (hairy fleabane) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); Vergaças et al. (2018); Gobatto et al. (2019); Pazdiora et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza sumatrensis (tall fleabane) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2004); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Copaifera officinalis (copaiba balsam) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cordia alliodora (Ecuador laurel) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cordyline fruticosa (ti plant) | Present | | | Hinkle (2007); Miranda et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cortaderia selloana (pampas grass) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Corymbia citriodora (lemon-scented gum) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cosmos caudatus (wild cosmos) | Present | Introduced | | Sherff (1932) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cosmos sulphureus (sulphur cosmos) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2016); Botsaris (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Costus spicatus (spiked spiralflag ginger) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria retusa (rattleweed) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2013); Mesquita et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria spectabilis (showy rattlepod) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Flores (2015); Mesquita et al. (2013); Oliveira et al. (2015); Specht et al. (2015); Alfenas et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cryptostegia grandiflora (rubber vine) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cryptostegia madagascariensis (Madagascar rubbervine) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Silva et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cucumis anguria (West Indian gherkin) | Present | Introduced | | Lima (2020); Yuki et al. (2000); Adaime et al. (2017); Lopes et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuphea carthagenensis (Colombian waxweed) | Present | | | Barroso (1954); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuphea hyssopifolia (false heather) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | SpeciesLink (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyanthillium cinereum (little ironweed) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyathula prostrata (pasture weed) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) | Present | Introduced | | Filgueiras (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon nardus (citronella grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | eMonocot (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon schoenanthus (camel grass) | Present | Introduced | | Sousa et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynara cardunculus (cardoon) | Present | Introduced | | Weeds of Australia (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) | Present | Introduced | | Lorenzi (1982); Mesquita et al. (2013); Ribeiro et al. (2016); Vergaças et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon nlemfuensis (African Bermuda-grass) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon plectostachyus (African stargrass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | I3N-Brasil (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus aggregatus | Present | | | Mesquita et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus compressus (annual sedge) | Present | | | Mesquita et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge) | Present | | | Abud (1986); Carvalho et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus entrerianus (deeprooted sedge) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus imbricatus (shingle flatsedge) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus iria (rice flatsedge) | Present | | | Lorenzi (1982); Mesquita et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus meyenianus (Meyen's flatsedge) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Schwirkowski (2012); IABIN (2013); Mesquita et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus papyrus (papyrus) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Mesquita et al. (2013); Seebens et al. (2017); Vergaças et al. (2018); Gobatto et al. (2019); Lopes et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | León Cordero et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura ferox (fierce thornapple) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura innoxia (downy thorn apple) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura metel (Hindu datura) | Present | | | Boldingh (1909) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura stramonium (jimsonweed) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Daucus carota (carrot) | Present | | | Fernandes et al. (2017); Boiteux et al. (2017); Silva et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Delonix regia (flamboyant) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dendrocalamus strictus (male bamboo) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Desmodium incanum (creeping beggerweed) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Mesquita et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Desmodium uncinatum (Silver-leaf desmodium) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011); Salazar Yepes and Carvalho Júnior (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichorisandra thyrsiflora | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichrostachys cinerea (sickle bush) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dieffenbachia seguine (dumb cane) | Present | Native | | Caliman et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria bicornis (Asian crabgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Carvalho et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Mesquita et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria eriantha (pangola grass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria fuscescens (yellow crab grass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria insularis (sourgrass) | Present, Widespread | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012); Carvalho et al. (2018); Vergaças et al. (2018); Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria sanguinalis (large crabgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Rozanski et al. (1988); Kissman and Groth (1993); Mesquita et al. (2013); Vergaças et al. (2018); Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Diodia teres (poorjoe) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea alata (white yam) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Moura et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea bulbifera (air potato) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dioscorea cayenensis (Guinea yam) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | PROTA (2017); Noronha et al. (2021) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dolichandra unguis-cati (cat's claw creeper) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dombeya wallichii (pink ball) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dracaena fragrans (corn plant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | I3N-Brasil (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Drymaria cordata (tropical chickweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Lorenzi (1982); Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Duranta erecta (golden dewdrop) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013); Marsaro Júnior et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dypsis lutescens (yellow butterfly palm) | Present | | | Melo et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dysphania ambrosioides (Mexican tea) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Lopes et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa colona (junglerice) | Present | | | Azevedo et al. (1989); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa crus-pavonis (gulf cockspur grass) | Present | Native | | Tropicos (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa pyramidalis | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinodorus grisebachii | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinodorus horizontalis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinodorus uruguayensis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echium plantagineum (Paterson's curse) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eclipta prostrata (eclipta) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); Mesquita et al. (2013); Gobatto et al. (2019); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Egeria densa (leafy elodea) | Present, Localized | Native | | Cook and Urmi-König (1984); Kissmann (1997); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia azurea (anchored water hyacinth) | Present | Native | | Lorenzi (1982); UK, Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew) (2009); USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009); USDA-ARS (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Gopal (1987); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm) | Present | | | FAO (2009); Seebens et al. (2017); Melo et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elephantopus mollis (elephant's foot) | Present | Native | | Lorenzi (1982); Savaris et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eleusine indica (goose grass) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Mesquita et al. (2013); Vergaças et al. (2018); Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emex spinosa (spiny emex) | Present | Introduced | | Steinheil (1838) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia coccinea (scarlet tasselflower) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2018); Mesquita et al. (2013); Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia fosbergii (Florida tassel-flower) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Silva and Santos (2017); Vergaças et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Lorenzi (2000); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Epiphyllum oxypetalum (dutchman's-pipe cactus) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Zappi et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis amabilis (Japanese lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Peterson and Vega (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis ciliaris (gophertail lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2018); Mesquita et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Longhi-Wagner (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis lehmanniana (Lehmann lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Peterson et al. (2001); Soreng et al. (2014); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis plana (South African lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Welker and Longhi-Wagner (2007); Seebens et al. (2017); Carvalho et al. (2018); Dorneles et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erechtites hieraciifolius (American burnweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016); Mesquita et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erechtites valerianifolius (tropical burnweed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eryngium pandanifolium | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erythrina poeppigiana (coral tree) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Azevedo et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus | Present | | | Constantino (2002); Ribeiro et al. (2013); Arriel et al. (2014); Liebsch and Mikich (2015); Saliba et al. (2019); Arruda et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum) | Present | | | Saliba et al. (2019); GBIF (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus globulus (Tasmanian blue gum) | Present, Planted | | | Alfenas et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus paniculata (grey ironbark) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus sideroxylon (black ironbark) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eugenia uniflora (Surinam cherry) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013); Rodrigues et al. (2008); Maia and Souza (2013); Alvim et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia) | Present, Localized | | | Barreto and Evans (1998); Nechet et al. (2004); Vergaças et al. (2018); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Mesquita et al. (2013); Vergaças et al. (2018); Gobatto et al. (2019); Lopes et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia hypericifolia (graceful spurge) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia leucocephala (white Christmas bush) | Present | Introduced | | Pedroso et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia tirucalli (Indian-tree spurge) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia tithymaloides (devil's backbone) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia umbellata (African milk bush) | Present | Introduced | | Luz et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eustachys retusa | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fallopia convolvulus (black bindweed) | Present | | | Hashimoto (1982); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) | Present | Introduced | | eMonocot (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus carica (common fig) | Present | | | FAO (2009); Benito et al. (2016); Roque et al. (2017); Santos et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus microcarpa (Indian laurel tree) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus microcarpus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis cymosa (tropical fimbry) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis dichotoma (tall fringe rush) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Lorenzi (1982); Kissmann (1997); Mesquita et al. (2013); Carvalho et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia strobilifera (wild hops) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013); Rosa et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry) | Present | | | Darrow (1966); Benito et al. (2016); Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Furcraea foetida (Mauritius hemp) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Vergaças et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galinsoga quadriradiata (shaggy soldier) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galium aparine (cleavers) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galphimia gracilis (goldshower) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Glechoma hederacea (ground ivy) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002); WAC (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gmelina arborea (candahar) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009); Miranda et al. (2007); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphocarpus physocarpus (balloon cotton bush) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Fischer et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphrena globosa (globe amaranth) | Present | | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2015); Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphrena serrata (arrasa con todo) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Grevillea robusta (silky oak) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | | Baggio et al. (1997); I3N-Brasil (2014); Lopes et al. (2019); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gymnocoronis spilanthoides (Senegal tea plant) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); USA, USDA-ARS (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gypsophila paniculata (baby’s breath) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hedychium coccineum (scarlet ginger lily) | Present | Introduced | | Rio de Janerio Botanic Garden Research Institute (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hedychium coronarium (white butterfly ginger lily) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Lorenzi (1982); Kissmann (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Helianthus annuus (sunflower) | Present | | | FAO (2009); Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliconia bihai (macaw flower) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliocarpus americanus (white moho) | Present, Localized | Native | | Lay (1949); USDA-ARS (2012); Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (2013); Bernardi et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium curassavicum (salt heliotrope) | Present | Native | | Flora do Brasil (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium indicum (Indian heliotrope) | Present, Widespread | | | Johnston (1928); Holm et al. (1977); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus (yellow daylily) | Present | | | Vieira et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hevea brasiliensis (rubber) | Present | | | FAO (2009); Oliveira et al. (2008); Pieroni et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hibiscus elatus (blue mahoe) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Weaver and Francis (1989); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated); Miranda et al. (2007); Rodrigues et al. (2008); Specht et al. (2015); Lopes et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Holcus lanatus (common velvet grass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013); USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hordeum euclaston | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hovenia dulcis | Present | | | Lucini and Panizzi (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hura crepitans (sand box) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Sousa et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hydrocotyle ranunculoides (floating pennywort) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2004); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hylocereus undatus (dragon fruit) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Taylor and Zappi (2004); Flora do Brasil (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hymenachne amplexicaulis (hymenachne) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Zuloaga et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hypochaeris radicata (cat's ear) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis brevipes (lesser roundweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis spicigera (black sesame) | Present | Native | | Seidemann (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis suaveolens (pignut) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2016); Mesquita et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Impatiens balsamina (garden balsam) | Present | Introduced | | GRIIS (2018); Silva et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Impatiens walleriana (busy lizzy) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Zenni and Ziller (2011); Soares et al. (2009); Duarte et al. (2013); Specht et al. (2015); Borges et al. (2019); Trindade et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera hirsuta (hairy indigo) | Present | Introduced | | Randall (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera spicata (creeping indigo) | Present | Native | | Forzza RC et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera suffruticosa (Anil indigo) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Inga punctata (ice cream bean tree) | Present, Widespread | Native | | IUCN (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea alba (white moonflower ) | Present | Native | | Simão-Bianchini and Ferreira (2015); Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea aquatica (swamp morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | | Snyder et al. (1981); Colares and Colares (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morning glory) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Lorenzi (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea carnea | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (bush morning glory) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea hederifolia (scarlet-creeper ) | Present | Native | | Staples (2016); Witt and Luke (2017); Vergaças et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea imperati | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea indica (ocean blue morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea nil (white edge morning-glory) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Simão-Bianchini R and Ferreira PPA (2015); Vergaças et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea purpurea (tall morning glory) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Vergaças et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea quamoclit (cypress vine) | Present | | | Anon. (2016); Staples (2017); Flora do Brasil (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1977); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ixora finlaysoniana (white jungle flame) | Present | Introduced | | Flora do Brasil (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jacaranda mimosifolia (jacaranda) | Present | Native | | Orwa et al. (2009); Marsaro Júnior et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum fluminense (Brazilian jasmine) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jasminum multiflorum (star jasmine) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha curcas (jatropha) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008); Pereira et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Padua et al. (1999); Ocampo and Balick (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Juncus effusus (common rush) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Balslev (1996); Kirschner (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Juncus tenuis (slender rush) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Justicia pectoralis (freshcut) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe delagoensis (chandelier plant) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe integra (Never die) | Present | Introduced | | Voeks (1996); New York Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kalanchoe pinnata (cathedral bells) | Present | Introduced | | Boiteau and Allorge-Boiteau (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Kyllinga nemoralis (white kyllinga) | Present | Introduced | | Alves et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) | Present | Introduced | | Gomes-Klein et al. (2015); Yuki et al. (2000); Dorneles et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagerstroemia speciosa (Pride of India) | Present | Introduced | | Lorenzi et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lamarckia aurea | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lantana camara (lantana) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Miranda et al. (2007); Maia and Souza (2013); Carvalho et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lantana montevidensis | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leersia hexandra (southern cut grass) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna minuta | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna perpusilla (duckweed) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonotis nepetifolia (Christmas candlestick) | Present | Introduced | | Reflora (2013); Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonurus japonicus (honeyweed) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Lourenção et al. (2008); Barbosa et al. (2013); Flôres and Bedendo (2013); Fernandes-Acioli et al. (2014); Ferro et al. (2017); Vergaças et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lepidium virginicum (Virginian peppercress) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2016); Vergaças et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa fusca (sprangletop) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa mucronata (mucronate sprangletop ) | Present | Native | Invasive | Maia et al. (2004); Procópio et al. (2006); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lespedeza cuneata (sericea lespedeza) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena diversifolia | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Cronk and Fuller (1995); Hughes (1998); ILDIS (2007); Lima and Zucchi (2016); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ligustrum japonicum (Japanese privet) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | I3N-Brasil (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ligustrum lucidum (broad-leaf privet) | Present | Introduced | | Nesom (2009); Forzza (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ligustrum sinense (Chinese privet) | Present | | | Miranda et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ligustrum vulgare (common privet) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Limnobium laevigatum (South American spongeplant) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lindernia crustacea (Malaysian false pimpernel) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Mesquita et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Litsea glutinosa (Indian laurel) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1991); Machado et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013); Specht et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lolium temulentum (darnel) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Lorenzi (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia grandiflora (water primrose) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia octovalvis (primrose willow) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Mesquita et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia peploides (water primrose) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Luffa acutangula (angled luffa) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); Yuki et al. (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Luffa aegyptiaca (loofah) | Present | | | Zipcode Zoo (2007); Silva et al. (2013); Bellé et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lupinus polyphyllus (garden lupin) | Present | | | Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lythrum maritimum (pukamole) | Present | Native | | JSTOR Global Plants (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro) | Present | Native and Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Malvaviscus arboreus (wax mallow) | Present | | | Miranda et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mangifera indica (mango) | Present | Introduced | | Silva-Luz and Pirani (2014); Gonçalves et al. (2006); Peres Filho et al. (2006); Lima et al. (2013); Lemos et al. (2014); Silva et al. (2015); Alvim et al. (2016); Ramos et al. (2018); Lopes et al. (2019); Vieira et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Manilkara zapota (sapodilla) | Present | Introduced | | Almeida (2015); Bittencourt et al. (2013); Lemos et al. (2014); Lemos et al. (2017); Martins et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Maranta arundinacea (arrowroot) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Medicago lupulina (black medick) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Medicago polymorpha (bur clover) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Hitchcock and Chase (1910); Alves and Xavier (1986); Mesquita et al. (2013); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melia azedarach (Chinaberry) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | World Agroforestry Centre (2002); Instituto Horus (2003); Seebens et al. (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melicoccus bijugatus (Spanish lime) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melilotus albus (honey clover) | Present | Introduced | | Schneider (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis minutiflora (molasses grass) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Seebens et al. (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis repens (natal redtop) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | GBIF (2012); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia aegyptia (hairy woodrose) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia cissoides (roadside woodrose) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia tuberosa (woodrose) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia umbellata (hogvine) | Present | Native | | Simão-Bianchini and Ferreira (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mesosphaerum pectinatum (comb bushmint) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Lorenzi (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Miconia calvescens (miconia) | Present | Native | | Meyer (1994); Seixas et al. (2007); Alves et al. (2010); Morais et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mikania micrantha (bitter vine) | Present | | | Barreto and Evans (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa arenosa (elegant mimosa) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa casta (graceful mimosa) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa ceratonia (climbing mimosa) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa diplotricha (giant sensitive plant) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1977); Waterhouse and Norris (1987); Willson and Garcia (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant) | Present | Native | | Lonsdale et al. (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1977); Waterhouse and Norris (1987); Lopes et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock flower) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Duarte et al. (2016); Lamas et al. (2017); Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Miscanthus sinensis (eulalia) | Present | Introduced | | Filgueiras (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) | Present | | | Bacchi et al. (1972); Lorenzi (1986); Scholz (1988); Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997); Alves et al. (2017); Lopes et al. (2019); Souza Junior et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Monochoria hastata (hastate-leaved pondweed) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | India Biodiversity Portal (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry) | Present | Introduced | | Maio and Oliveira (2015); Souza et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moringa oleifera (horse radish tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Morus alba (mora) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | Instituto Horus (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Morus nigra (black mulberry) | Present | | | Lim (2012); Castro et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) | Present | | | ILDIS (2014); Lima and Zucchi (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry) | Present | Native | | Souza (2015); Souza and Lorenzi (2005); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murdannia nudiflora (doveweed) | Present | Introduced | | Aona and Pellegrini (2015); Mesquita et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Murraya paniculata (orange jessamine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | ISSG (2020); Flora do Brasil (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mussaenda erythrophylla (red flag bush) | Present | Introduced | | Zappi (2015); Rodrigues et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mussaenda philippica (Queen of Philippines) | Present | Introduced | | Forzza and Dalcin (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrot's feather) | Present | Native | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myroxylon balsamum (Peru balsam) | Present, Planted | Native | | ILDIS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nandina domestica (Nandina) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nassella neesiana (Chilean needlegrass) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock grass) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nasturtium officinale (watercress) | Present | | | Costa et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nelsonia canescens (blue pussyleaf) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Neomarica caerulea (walking iris) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Neonotonia wightii (perennial soybean) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nerium oleander (oleander) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicandra physalodes (apple of Peru) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Gobatto et al. (2019); Souza et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicotiana langsdorffii | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicotiana plumbaginifolia (Tex-Mex tobacco) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) | Present | Introduced | | Forzza (2010); Lacroix et al. (2011); Pereira et al. (2018); Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nopalea cochenillifera (cochineal cactus) | Present | Introduced | | Flora do Brasil (2017); Feijó et al. (2016); Conforto et al. (2017); Santiago et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nymphaea ampla (dot-leaf water-lily) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nymphaea lotus (white Egyptian lotus) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Wiersema (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ocimum gratissimum (African basil) | Present | Introduced | | WCSP (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ocimum tenuiflorum (holy basil) | Present | Introduced | | Machado et al. (1999) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oeceoclades maculata (monk orchid) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines) | Present | | Invasive | Oliveira and Souza (2015); Mesquita et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oldenlandia lancifolia (calycose mille graines) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Oliveira and Souza (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia cochenillifera (cochineal cactus) | Present | | | Conforto et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear) | Present | Introduced | | Andrade et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia humifusa | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia monacantha (common prickly pear) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia stricta (erect prickly pear) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Zappi et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Orbea variegata (carrion-flower) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oryza rufipogon (wild rice) | Present | | | Abud (1981); Ge Song et al. (1999) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis articulata | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991); Bellé et al. (2016); Gobatto et al. (2019); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis debilis (pink woodsorrel) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis latifolia (sorrel) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Soares (2008); Vergaças et al. (2018); Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pachira aquatica (pachira nut) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pachira insignis (wild chestnut) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pachystachys coccinea (Cardinal's guard) | Present | Native | | Profice et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Panicum repens (torpedo grass) | Present | Introduced | | Lorenzi (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parkinsonia aculeata (Mexican palo-verde) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parthenium hysterophorus (parthenium weed) | Present | Native | | Dale (1981); Flora do Brasil (2018); Vergaças et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalidium geminatum (Egyptian paspalidium) | Present | Native | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2018); Lorenzi (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum densum (dense crowngrass) | Present | Native | | Oliveira and Valls (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum dilatatum (dallisgrass) | Present | Native | | Flora do Brasil (2017); USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum distichum (knotgrass) | Present | Native | | Chase (1929); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum fasciculatum (bull grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum millegrana (yerba brava) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum paniculatum (Russell River grass) | Present | Native | | Oliveira and Valls (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum scrobiculatum (ricegrass paspalum) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1991); de Moura Araujo et al. (2017); Garbin (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum urvillei (Vasey grass) | Present | Native | | D'Urville (1822); Parodi (1937); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum virgatum (sword grass) | Present | Native | | Oliveira RC and de Valls JFM (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora caerulea (blue passionflower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014); Nunes et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora edulis (passionfruit) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014); Nunes et al. (2008); Firmino et al. (2013); Melo et al. (2015); Potin et al. (2016); Santos et al. (2018); Vidal et al. (2018); Mituti et al. (2019); Pirovani et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower) | Present, Few occurrences | Native | | Killip (1938); Holm et al. (1997); Nunes et al. (2008); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora ligularis (sweet granadilla) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora morifolia | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011); Nunes et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora suberosa (corkystem passionflower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012); Nunes et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paulownia tomentosa (paulownia) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Jiang (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Lorenzi (1982); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum polystachion (mission grass) | Present | Introduced | | Hafliger and Scholz (1981) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Silva et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pentas lanceolata (Egyptian starcluster) | Present | Introduced | | Zappi (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pereskia aculeata (Lemon-vine) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017); Almeida et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Persicaria maculosa (redshank) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Persicaria punctata (dotted smartweed) | Present | Native | | Flora of North America (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Petiveria alliacea (guinea hen weed) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phalaris minor (littleseed canarygrass) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phalaris platensis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Sousa et al. (2017); Sousa et al. (2017); Cavalcante et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phleum pratense (timothy grass) | Present | Introduced | | Kew (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phormium tenax (New Zealand flax) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Hanelt et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phragmites australis (common reed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phyllanthus urinaria (leafflower) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Cruz et al. (1994); Mesquita et al. (2013); Specht et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phyllostachys aurea (golden bamboo) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | USDA-APHIS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phyllostachys reticulata (giant timber bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis angulata (cutleaf groundcherry) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Lorenzi (1982); Branch and Silva (1983); Matos (2000); Santos et al. (2003); Bastos et al. (2006); Fonseca et al. (2013); Mesquita et al. (2013); Duarte et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Esquivel et al. (2018); Pazdiora et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pimenta dioica (allspice) | Present | Native | | Seidemann (2005); Parthasarathy et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pimenta racemosa (bay rum tree) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Ferreira Filho et al. (2014); Castro et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus elliottii (slash pine) | Present, Widespread, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | Zenni and Ziller (2011); Maciel et al. (2013); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus oocarpa (ocote pine) | Present | | | Braga et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus patula (Mexican weeping pine) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Piper aduncum (spiked pepper) | Present | Native | | Starr et al. (2003); Rocha et al. (2013); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pithecellobium dulce (Manila tamarind) | Present, Planted | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pittosporum undulatum (Australian cheesewood) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plantago coronopus (Buck's-horn plantain) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2012); GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plantago major (broad-leaved plantain) | Present | | | Holetz et al. (2002); Dias-Arieira et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plectranthus amboinicus (Indian borage) | Present | | | Lukhoba et al. (2006); Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plectranthus scutellarioides (coleus) | Present | | | Gorayeb et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pluchea carolinensis (sourbush) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Poa annua (annual meadowgrass) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991); Vergaças et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polycarpon tetraphyllum (fourleaf allseed) | Present | Introduced | | Reflora (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polygonum aviculare (prostrate knotweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polygonum hydropiper (marsh pepper) | Present | | | Hafliger and Wolf (1988); Holm et al. (1997); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polygonum lapathifolium (pale persicaria) | Present | | | Pitelli et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polypogon elongatus | Present | | | Salazar Yepes and Carvalho Júnior (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polypogon monspeliensis (annual beard grass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pontederia cordata (pickerel weed) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Populus alba (silver-leaf poplar) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Populus nigra (black poplar) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca oleracea (purslane) | Present | Introduced | | Legrand (1952); Vergaças et al. (2018); Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca pilosa (kiss-me-quick) | Present | Native | | Coelho and Giulietti (2010); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015); USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prosopis juliflora (mesquite) | Present, Localized, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | Burkart (1976); Seebens et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prosopis pallida (mesquite) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Lima and Pasiecznik (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prosopis ruscifolia | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prunella vulgaris (self-heal) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides (Mexican flamevine) | Present | Native | | Borges and Teles (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava) | Present | | | Marsaro Júnior et al. (2015); Battisti et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium guajava (guava) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | Ziller and Rosa (2001); Gonçalves et al. (2006); USDA-ARS (2012); FAO (2013); Salazar Yepes and Carvalho Júnior (2013); Taira et al. (2013); Lemos et al. (2014); Adaime et al. (2017); Adaime et al. (2017); Lemos et al. (2017); Silva and Santos (2017); Santos et al. (2018); Almeida et al. (2019); Alves et al. (2019); Galli et al. (2019); Trindade et al. (2019); Vieira et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pterolepis glomerata (false meadowbeauty) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ptychosperma elegans (solitaire palm) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Batista et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pueraria montana var. lobata (kudzu) | Present | Introduced | | Morel (2003); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pueraria phaseoloides (tropical kudzu) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Lisboa et al. (2016); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pycreus polystachyos | Present | | | Carvalho et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pyracantha coccinea (scarlet firethorn) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Flora do Brasil (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Quamoclit hederifolia | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish) | Present, Widespread | | | Lorenzi (1982); Holm et al. (1991); Reis and Boiteux (2010); Boiteux et al. (2016); Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Raphanus sativus (radish) | Present | | | Boiteux et al. (2016); Reis and Boiteux (2010); Cabral et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ricinus communis (castor bean) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Basseto et al. (2008); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rivina humilis (bloodberry) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) | Present | Introduced | | Fenner et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Millhollon and Burner (1993); Valverde et al. (1999); Alves et al. (2003); Silva et al. (2009); Funez et al. (2016); Macedo et al. (2016); Dias et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Roystonea oleracea (Caribbean royal palm) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus niveus (Mysore raspberry) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus rosifolius (roseleaf raspberry) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ruellia simplex (Mexican petunia) | Present | Native | | Ezcurra and Daniel (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rumex acetosella (sheep's sorrel) | Present | Introduced | | Discover Life (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rumex crispus (curled dock) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); Specht et al. (2015); Dorneles et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rumex obtusifolius (broad-leaved dock) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); Moccellin et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Russelia equisetiformis (firecracker plant) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rytidostylis carthagenensis | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sacciolepis indica (glen woodgrass) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salix humboldtiana (pencil willow) | Present | Native | | Marquete et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salvia coccinea (scarlet sage) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Samanea saman (rain tree) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002); World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sambucus canadensis (American black elderberry) | Present | Introduced | | Jørgensen et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sanchezia parvibracteata (sanchezia) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schefflera actinophylla (umbrella tree) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Miranda et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schinus molle (false pepper tree) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian pepper tree) | Present, Widespread | Native | | CABI (Undated); Cuda et al. (2009); Marsaro Júnior et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schismus arabicus (Arabian schismus) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schizolobium parahyba (Brazilian fern tree) | Present | Native | | Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012); Seebens et al. (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sechium edule (chayote) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Zenni (2014); Yuki et al. (2000); Bezerra et al. (2016); Lima and Souza Filho (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senecio jacobaea (common ragwort) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senecio madagascariensis (fireweed) | Present | | | Matzenbacher and Schneider (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna alata (candle bush) | Present | Native | | Flora do Brasil (2016); Lima and Zucchi (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna bacillaris (whitebark senna) | Present | | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna corymbosa | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna hirsuta (hairy senna) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna multijuga (November shower) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod) | Present | Native | | Lorenzi (1982); Lima and Zucchi (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016); Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna septemtrionalis (smooth senna) | Present | Introduced | | Irwin and Barneby (1982); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna siamea (yellow cassia) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna spectabilis (whitebark senna) | Present | Native | | Forzza (2010); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania grandiflora (sesbania) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania punicea (red sesbania) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania sesban (sesban) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria palmifolia (palm grass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria parviflora (knotroot foxtail) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Pensiero (1999); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria verticillata (bristly foxtail) | Present | Introduced | | Lorenzi (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida acuta (sida) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1977) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida linifolia (flaxleaf fanpetals) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Flora do Brasil (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Silene gallica (common catchfly) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Silene latifolia subsp. alba (white campion) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Silybum marianum (variegated thistle) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sinapis arvensis (wild mustard) | Present | | | Reis and Boiteux (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum americanum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011); Culik et al. (2013); Marsaro Júnior et al. (2015); Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum capsicastrum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum carolinense (horsenettle) | Present | | | D'Arcy (1974) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum elaeagnifolium (silverleaf nightshade) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum mammosum (nipplefruit nightshade) | Present | Introduced | | Forzza (2010); USDA-ARS (2014); Boiteux et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum mauritianum (tobacco tree) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Lorenzi (1991); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) | Present | | | Aranha et al. (1982); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum seaforthianum (Brazilian nightshade) | Present | Introduced | | Stehmann et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum sisymbriifolium (sticky nightshade) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020); CABI Data Mining (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum torvum (turkey berry) | Present | | | Barbosa et al. (2012); Moreira et al. (2010); Nurit-Silva et al. (2011); Silva et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum tuberosum (potato) | Present | | | Casa-Coila et al. (2017); Cardoza et al. (2017); Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum viarum (tropical soda apple) | Present | Native | | GRIN (2008); Lourenção et al. (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solidago canadensis (Canadian goldenrod) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Soliva sessilis | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2010); GBIF (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus asper (spiny sow-thistle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Fonseca et al. (2013); Vieira and Barreto (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2014); Usteri (1911); Vieira and Barreto (2006); Lourenção et al. (2008); Specht et al. (2015); Vergaças et al. (2018); Gobatto et al. (2019); Lopes et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spartina densiflora | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spartium junceum (Spanish broom) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spergula arvensis (corn spurry) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spermacoce verticillata (shrubby false buttonwood) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016); Mesquita et al. (2013); Carvalho et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sphagneticola trilobata (wedelia) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spondias purpurea (red mombin) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated); Lemos et al. (2017); Santos et al. (2018); Vieira et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus indicus (rat tail grass) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus pyramidalis (giant rat’s tail grass) | Present, Widespread | | | eMonocot (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus pyramidatus (whorled dropseed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus tenuissimus (tropical dropseed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachys arvensis (staggerweed) | Present | | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachys byzantina | Present | | | Nascimento et al. (2021) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta cayennensis (blue snakeweed) | Present, Few occurrences | Native | | Forzza (2010); Davidse et al. (2012); Carvalho et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Jamaica vervain) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta urticifolia (rattail) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Moldenke (1948); Moldenke (1980) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stellaria media (common chickweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1977); Lorenzi (1982); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013); CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sterculia apetala (Panama tree) | Present | Native | | Flora do Brasil (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stictocardia tiliifolia (spottedheart) | Present | | | Specht et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stylosanthes hamata (Caribbean Stylo) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Synedrella nodiflora (synedrella) | Present, Widespread | | | Aranha et al. (1982); Friere et al. (1988); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syngonium podophyllum (arrowhead vine) | Present | Native | | Croat (1981); Englberger (2009); Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syzygium cumini (black plum) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Morton (1987); Pinho et al. (2014); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syzygium jambos (rose apple) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Morton (1987); Salazar Yepes and Carvalho Júnior (2013); Alvim et al. (2016); Soares et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tabebuia rosea (pink poui) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Flora do Brasil (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tagetes erecta (Mexican marigold) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Nakajima (2015); Savaris et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tagetes minuta (stinking Roger) | Present | Native | Invasive | Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Talinum paniculatum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011); Mesquita et al. (2013); Vergaças et al. (2018); Lopes et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tamarindus indica (tamarind) | Present | Introduced | | Lewis GP (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1997); Leite et al. (1997); Collier et al. (2001); Silva et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tecoma stans (yellow bells) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Lorenzi (1991); Miranda et al. (2007); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tectona grandis (teak) | Present, Planted | | | Peres Filho et al. (2006); Araújo Filho et al. (2012); Borges et al. (2014); Borges et al. (2015); Rosa et al. (2016); Peres-Filho et al. (2017); Borges et al. (2018); Borges et al. (2019); Cipriani et al. (2019); Osorio et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tephrosia candida (white tephrosia) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | | Brasil (1992); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tephrosia vogelii (Vogel's tephrosia) | Present | | | Ito et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tetragonia tetragonioides (New Zealand spinach) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thalia geniculata (alligator flag) | Present | | | Mesquita et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Themeda quadrivalvis (grader grass) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thespesia populnea (portia tree) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thlaspi arvense (field pennycress) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia alata (black eyed Susan) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia erecta (bush clockvine) | Present | | | Alves et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia fragrans (whitelady) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tibouchina herbacea (cane tibouchina) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tibouchina urvilleana (princessflower) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | I3N-Brasil (2018); USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tithonia rotundifolia (red sunflower) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Toona ciliata (toon) | Present, Planted | | | Silva et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Toxicodendron succedaneum (wax tree) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Kubitzki (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trachelospermum jasminoides (star-jasmine) | Present | | | Miranda et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trachypogon spicatus (spiked crinkleawn) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia fluminensis (wandering Jew) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003); Macedo et al. (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia zebrina (wandering jew) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Trindade et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triadica sebifera (Chinese tallow tree) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tridax procumbens (coat buttons) | Present, Localized | | | Lorenzi (1982); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triplaris americana (ant tree) | Present | Native | | Flora do Brasil (2016); Pires et al. (2015); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tripsacum dactyloides (eastern gamagrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triumfetta rhomboidea (diamond burbark) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Lay KK (1950) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triumfetta semitriloba (burweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tropaeolum majus (common nasturtium) | Present | | | Gobatto et al. (2019); Duarte et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Turbina corymbosa (Christmas vine) | Present | Native | | Simão-Bianchini and Ferreira (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Turnera ulmifolia (West Indian holly) | Present | | | Gracioso et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha angustifolia (lesser bulrush) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha domingensis (southern cattail) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ulex europaeus (gorse) | Present, Localized, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urena lobata (caesar weed) | Present | | | Ferraz (1979); Mesquita et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa brizantha (palisadegrass) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated); Seebens et al. (2017); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa decumbens (signal grass) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Vergaças et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa distachya (signal grass) | Present | Introduced | | New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa humidicola (koronivia grass) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa mutica (para grass) | Present | Introduced | | Shirasuna (2014); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa platyphylla (broadleaf signalgrass) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa reptans (sprawling signalgrass) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urtica dioica (stinging nettle) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urtica urens (annual nettle) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Utricularia gibba | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbena bonariensis (clusterflower vervain) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbena brasiliensis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbena litoralis (blue vervain) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbena rigida (stiff verbena) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbesina encelioides (golden crownbeard) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vernicia fordii (tung-oil tree) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vicia villosa (hairy vetch) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vigna marina (beach bean) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vitex agnus-castus (chaste tree) | Present | Introduced | | Harley et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vulpia bromoides (squirreltail fescue) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vulpia myuros (annual fescue) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Waltheria indica | Present | | | Alves et al. (2017); Carvalho et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Wisteria sinensis (Chinese wisteria) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Xanthium spinosum (bathurst burr) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013); Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Xanthium strumarium (common cocklebur) | Present | | | Gobatto et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Xanthosoma sagittifolium (elephant ear) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Youngia japonica (oriental false hawksbeard) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Rolim et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Yucca aloifolia (Spanish bayonet) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | GBIF (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zelkova serrata (Japanese selkova) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zingiber officinale (ginger) | Present | | | Moreira et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zoysia matrella (Manila grass) | Present | Introduced | | Peterson et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Streptophyta | Campylopus introflexus | Present | Native | | Frahm (1975) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Paramyxea | Marteilia refringens | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Alexandrium tamarense | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia bigemina | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia bovis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia caballi | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia equi | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Bonamia exitiosa | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Bonamia ostreae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Gymnodinium catenatum | Present, Localized | | | Oliveira-Proença et al. (2001); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Mikrocystos mackini | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Perkinsus marinus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Plasmodium relictum | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Tritrichomonas foetus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma equiperdum | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma evansi | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Desquesnes (2004); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma vivax | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Virus | | | African horse sickness virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | African swine fever virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Arterivirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | avian infectious bronchitis virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | avian metapneumovirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Avipoxvirus | Present | | | Reis and Nobrega (1937); OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Banana bunchy top virus (bunchy top of banana) | Absent, Intercepted only | | | Oliveira et al. (2002) |
Virus | | | Banana streak disease | Present | Native | Invasive | Diekmann and Putter (1996); Brioso et al. (2000) |
Virus | | | Barley yellow dwarf viruses (barley yellow dwarf) | Present | | | Caetano (1984); Ramirez (1990) |
Virus | | | bluetongue virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine herpesvirus 1 | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine leukemia virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine viral diarrhea virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | camelpox virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | caprine arthritis encephalitis virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Chelonid herpesvirus 5 | Present, Widespread | | | Rodenbusch et al. (2014) |
Virus | | | Chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2005); Duarte et al. (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Citrus leprosis virus C (leprosis of citrus) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI/EPPO (2013); Locali-Fabris et al. (2006); Nunes et al. (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | classical swine fever virus | Present | | | OIE (2020) |
Virus | | | Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus | Present, Widespread | | | Pio-Ribeiro and Kuhn (1980); Lima et al. (1981); Pio-Ribeiro et al. (2000); Nascimento et al. (2004); Nascimento et al. (2006); CABI and EPPO (2010); Melo et al. (2015); Vidal et al. (2018) |
Virus | | | Cowpea mild mottle virus (angular mosaic of beans) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); Almeida et al. (2005); Lamas et al. (2017); CABI and EPPO (2019) |
Virus | | | Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | duck hepatitis A virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | eastern equine encephalitis virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equid herpesvirus 1 | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine arteritis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine infectious anaemia virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine influenzavirus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | foot-and-mouth disease virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Grapevine virus A (grapevine closterovirus) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); Alabi et al. (2014) |
Virus | | | Haliotid herpesvirus 1 | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious bursal disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious myonecrosis virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); Costa et al. (2009); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious salmon anemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | influenza A virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Iris yellow spot virus (iris yellow spot) | Present | Introduced | | Nagata et al. (1999); Pozzer et al. (1999); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Japanese encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | lumpy skin disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Maize chlorotic mottle virus | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2014) |
Virus | | | Maize dwarf mosaic virus (dwarf mosaic of maize) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Virus | | | myxoma virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Nairobi sheep disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Newcastle disease virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Nipah virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Papaya ringspot virus | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2003); Nakano et al. (2008) |
Virus | | | Passion fruit woodiness virus (passionfruit woodiness disease) | Absent | | | Cerqueira-Silva et al. (2014); Brunt et al. (1996) |
Virus | | | Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMV) | Present | | | Cezar et al. (2003); Lima et al. (2011) |
Virus | | | peste des petits ruminants virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Plum pox virus (sharka) | Absent, Intercepted only | | | EPPO (2022); Rezende et al. (2016); |
Virus | | | Potato spindle tuber viroid (spindle tuber of potato) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Singh (1983); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | rabies virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | red sea bream iridovirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Rift Valley fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | rinderpest virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | spring viraemia of carp virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Strawberry vein banding virus (vein banding of strawberry) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Sugarcane mosaic virus (sugarcane mosaic) | Present | | | ISSCT (1989); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Suid herpesvirus 1 | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (internal cork disease of sweet potato) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2003); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | swine vesicular disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Taura syndrome virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (tomato spotted wilt) | Present, Localized | | | UK, CAB International (1978); Alexandre et al. (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | transmissible gastroenteritis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | vesicular stomatitis virus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | visna/maedi virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | West Nile virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | western equine encephalitis virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2009); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Wheat streak mosaic virus (wheat streak) | Present | Introduced | | Mar et al. (2013) |
Virus | | | White spot syndrome virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |