Invasive Species Compendium

Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide

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Brazil

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Brazil

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Summary

  • Last modified
  • 19 November 2019

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List of Species

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The table lists the species recorded in the Compendium for this region(from the full species datasheets). It includes species that are invasive in this region, those for which there is no data on invasive status, and also species that are not invasive in the region but are reported as invasive elsewhere. This summary table is based on all the information available.When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the distribution record. For further information, please follow the link to the datasheet.

Domain Kingdom Phylum Species Distribution Origin Invasive References
BacteriaActinobacteria [phylum]Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (bacterial canker of tomato)PresentEPPO (2020); CABI and EPPO (2009)
BacteriaActinobacteria [phylum]Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (bacterial wilt of dry beans)Present, LocalizedMaringoni and Rosa (1997); CABI and EPPO (2010); Martins et al. (2013); EPPO (2020)
BacteriaActinobacteria [phylum]Dermatophilus congolensisPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
BacteriaActinobacteria [phylum]Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (sugarcane ratoon stunting disease)Present, LocalizedCABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2020)
BacteriaActinobacteria [phylum]Mycobacterium bovisPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
BacteriaBacteroidetesPaenibacillus larvaePresentSchuch et al. (2003)
BacteriaFirmicutesBacillus anthracisPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
BacteriaFirmicutesBacillus thuringiensis kurstakiPresentCABI (Undated)
BacteriaFirmicutesCandidatus Phytoplasma asteris (yellow disease phytoplasmas)PresentBedendo et al. (1997); Alves et al. (2018)
BacteriaFirmicutesMelissococcus plutoniusPresentSchotman (1989); Bailey (1984)
BacteriaFirmicutesMycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniaeAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
BacteriaFirmicutesMycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) typeAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
BacteriaFirmicutesSpiroplasma kunkelii (corn stunt spiroplasma)PresentHammond and Bedendo (2001); CABI and EPPO (2008); EPPO (2020)
BacteriaProteobacteriaAcidovorax citrulli (fruit blotch)PresentCABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2020)
BacteriaProteobacteriaAnaplasma marginalePresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
BacteriaProteobacteriaBrucella abortusPresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
BacteriaProteobacteriaBrucella ovisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
BacteriaProteobacteriaBurkholderia caryophylli (bacterial wilt of carnation)Present, LocalizedEPPO (2020)
BacteriaProteobacteriaBurkholderia pseudomalleiAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
BacteriaProteobacteriaCampylobacter fetus subsp. venerealisPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
BacteriaProteobacteriaCandidatus Hepatobacter penaeiPresentGomes et al. (2010)
BacteriaProteobacteriacitrus huanglongbing (greening) disease (citrus greening)Present, LocalizedEPPO (2019)
BacteriaProteobacteriaDickeya solani (black leg disease of potato)PresentCABI (Undated); Cardoza et al. (2017)
BacteriaProteobacteriaEdwardsiella tardaPresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
BacteriaProteobacteriaEhrlichia ruminantiumAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
BacteriaProteobacteriaEscherichia coliPresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
BacteriaProteobacteriaFrancisella tularensisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
BacteriaProteobacteriaLiberibacter asiaticus (Asian greening)PresentCABI/EPPO (2017); Coletta Filho et al. (2004); Coletta Filho et al. (2005); Bové (2006); Lopes et al. (2007); Lopes et al. (2017); EPPO (2020)
BacteriaProteobacteriaMannheimia haemolyticaPresent, LocalizedCABI (Undated)
BacteriaProteobacteriaPseudomonas cichorii (bacterial blight of endive)Present, WidespreadBradbury (1986); Maringoni et al. (2003); Moreira et al. (2015); Marques et al. (2016); EPPO (2020)
BacteriaProteobacteriaPseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi (oleander knot)PresentInvasiveBradbury (1986); UK, CAB International (1987)
BacteriaProteobacteriaRalstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato)PresentEPPO (2020); Arriel et al. (2014); Tebaldi et al. (2014)
BacteriaProteobacteriaRalstonia solanacearum race 1 (bacterial wilt of solanaceous crops)PresentCABI and EPPO (1999); Almeida et al. (2007); EPPO (2020)
BacteriaProteobacteriaRalstonia solanacearum race 2 (moko disease)PresentCABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2020)
BacteriaProteobacteriaSalmonella AbortusequiAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
BacteriaProteobacteriaSalmonella abortusovisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
BacteriaProteobacteriaSalmonella enteritidisPresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
BacteriaProteobacteriaSalmonella pullorumPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
BacteriaProteobacteriaSalmonella typhimuriumPresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
BacteriaProteobacteriaTaylorella equigenitalisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
BacteriaProteobacteriaXanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (cassava bacterial blight)Present, WidespreadUK, CAB International (1993); EPPO (2020)
BacteriaProteobacteriaXanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (bean blight)PresentEPPO (2020)
BacteriaProteobacteriaXanthomonas axonopodis pv. vasculorum (sugarcane gumming disease)Absent, Formerly presentBradbury (1986); Ricaud and Autrey (1989); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2020)
BacteriaProteobacteriaXanthomonas citri (citrus canker)PresentIntroducedPereira et al. (1976); Leite and Mohan (1990); Pruvost et al. (1992); Vernière et al. (1998); Li et al. (2007); Behlau et al. (2008); Lan Bui Thi Ngoc et al. (2010); Jaciani et al. (2012); Lin HsinCheng et al. (2012); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2020)
BacteriaProteobacteriaXanthomonas fragariae (angular leaf spot)Present, LocalizedCABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2020)
BacteriaProteobacteriaXanthomonas translucens pv. translucens (bacterial leaf streak of barley)PresentCAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); EPPO (2020)
BacteriaProteobacteriaXylella fastidiosa (Pierce's disease of grapevines)Present, LocalizedBeretta et al. (1996); Lima et al. (1998); Laranjeira et al. (2000); Lopes et al. (2000); Li et al. (2001); Oliveira et al. (2002); Coletta Filho and Machado (2003); Li et al. (2003); Lopes et al. (2003); Schaad et al. (2004); Poltronieri et al. (2005); Wickert et al. (2007); Laranjeira et al. (2008); Rocha et al. (2010); Ping et al. (2013); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2020)
BacteriaSpirochaetesLeptospira interrogansPresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
EukaryotaChromistaOomycotaPeronosclerospora sorghi (sorghum downy mildew)PresentIntroducedInvasiveBarbosa et al. (2006); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaChromistaOomycotaPeronospora belbahrii (basil downy mildew)PresentSilva et al. (2019); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaChromistaOomycotaPhytophthora cinnamomi (Phytophthora dieback)PresentEPPO (2020); Santos et al. (2011)
EukaryotaChromistaOomycotaPhytophthora colocasiae (taro leaf blight)PresentCABI and EPPO (2014)
EukaryotaChromistaOomycotaPhytophthora infestans (Phytophthora blight)PresentUK, CAB International (1982); Carter et al. (1990); Reis et al. (2006); Casa-Coila et al. (2017)
EukaryotaChromistaOomycotaPlasmopara halstedii (downy mildew of sunflower)PresentDuarte et al. (2013); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaChromistaOomycotaPlasmopara viticola (grapevine downy mildew)PresentUK, CAB International (1988)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaAlternaria japonica (pod spot of radish)PresentDavid (2000); Crochemore and Piza (1994); Mendes et al. (1998)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaBipolaris victoriae (Victoria blight of oats)Present, LocalizedEPPO (2020); Tveit (1956); UK, CAB International (1990)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaBlumeria graminis (powdery mildew of grasses and cereals)PresentFelício et al. (1996); CABI and EPPO (2004); Costamilan (2005); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaCeratocystis fimbriata (Ceratocystis blight)Present, LocalizedNativeRoux et al. (2000); Engelbrecht and Harrington (2005); Halfeld-Vieira and Nechet (2006); Silveira et al. (2006); Wyk et al. (2006); Ferreira et al. (2010); Harrington et al. (2011); Firmino et al. (2012); Halfeld-Vieira et al. (2012); Firmino et al. (2013); Oliveira et al. (2013); Arriel et al. (2014); Harrington et al. (2015); Oliveira et al. (2015); Melo et al. (2016); Silva et al. (2017); Santos et al. (2018); EPPO (2020); Herb IMI (undated)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaClaviceps africana (ergot)PresentIntroducedAlmeida Pinto et al. (1997); Bandyopadhyay et al. (1998); CABI and EPPO (2006); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaColletotrichum acutatum (black spot of strawberry)Present, LocalizedEPPO (2020); Theodoro et al. (2004); CABI and EPPO (2010); Bellé et al. (2018)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaDidymella fabae (leaf and pod spot)PresentIntroducedInvasiveMendes et al. (1998)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaDiplodia seriata (grapevine trunk disease)Present, LocalizedCABI and EPPO (2005)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaElsinoë australis (citrus scab)PresentCABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaErysiphe plataniPresentCABI/EPPO (2013)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaFusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Panama disease of banana)Present, LocalizedIntroducedFourie et al. (2009); Dita et al. (2010); CABI and EPPO (2015); Costa et al. (2015); Czislowski et al. (2018); Zheng SiJun et al. (2018); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaFusarium oxysporum f.sp. elaeidis (fusarium wilt of oil palm)Present, LocalizedEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaFusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (Fusarium wilt)Present, LocalizedCia (1977); Chalfoun (1979); UK, CAB International (1982); Assigbetse et al. (1994); Fernandez et al. (1994); Skovgaard et al. (2001); Abo et al. (2005); Holmes et al. (2009)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaFusicladium effusum (pecan scab)PresentMendes et al. (1998); CABI/EPPO (2012)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaGibberella circinata (pitch canker)PresentPfenning et al. (2014)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaGuignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot)Present, LocalizedGoes et al. (2000); Baayen et al. (2002); Timossi et al. (2003); Nunes et al. (2006); Alves et al. (2007); Guimarães (2008); Possiede et al. (2009); Rappussi et al. (2009); Lucon et al. (2010); CABI/EPPO (2012); Wikee et al. (2013); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaKabatiella zeae (eyespot)PresentUK, CAB International (1993)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaMonilinia fructigena (brown rot)Absent, Formerly presentEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaMycosphaerella fijiensis (black Sigatoka)PresentIntroducedInvasiveCordeiro et al. (1998); CABI and EPPO (2011); Silveira et al. (2016); Ramos et al. (2018); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaMycosphaerella gibsonii (needle blight of pine)Present, Few occurrencesIvory (1987); Braun et al. (2013)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaMycosphaerella pini (Dothistroma blight)PresentCABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaMycosphaerella populorum (septoria leaf spot)PresentMio and Amorim (2000); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaOidium anacardii (cashew powdery mildew)PresentPonte (1986)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaPhomopsis vexans (Phomopsis blight of eggplant)PresentCABI and EPPO (2008)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaPseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.)Absent, Confirmed absent by surveyEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaPseudocercospora ulei (South American leaf blight of rubber (SALB))Present, LocalizedEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaSphaeropsis sapinea (Sphaeropsis blight)PresentMAY (1964); Punithalingham and Waterston (1970); Sutton (1980); Herb IMI (undated)
EukaryotaFungiAscomycotaTrichoconiella padwickii (stackburn disease)PresentIntroducedInvasiveMathur (1981); Soave et al. (1985); Mendes et al. (1998)
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaAmylostereum areolatumPresentCABI (Undated); Chiarello Penteado et al. (2000); Ireland et al. (2018)
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaAustropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust)Present, WidespreadNativeWinter (1884); Joffily (1944); Ferreira (1983); Alfenas et al. (2003); Graça et al. (2013); Salazar Yepes and Carvalho Júnior (2013); CABI and EPPO (2014); Pieri et al. (2016); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaMoniliophthora perniciosa (witches' broom disease of cacao)PresentCABI and EPPO (2002); Loguercio et al. (2009); Marelli et al. (2009); Patrocínio et al. (2017); Lima et al. (2018); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaMoniliophthora roreri (frosty pod rot)Absent, Never occurredEvans (1981); Anonymous (2009)
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaPhakopsora euvitis (grape rust fungus)PresentIntroducedInvasiveTessmann et al. (2004); CABI and EPPO (2007); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaPhakopsora pachyrhizi (soyabean rust)Present, WidespreadHernández (2005); CABI and EPPO (2015); Dorighello et al. (2015); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaPuccinia graminis (stem rust of cereals)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaPuccinia horiana (white rust of chrysanthemum)PresentEPPO (2020); Pitta et al. (1977); CABI and EPPO (2008)
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaPuccinia kuehnii (orange rust)Present, LocalizedCABI and EPPO (2015); Barbasso et al. (2010); IPPC (2010); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaThecaphora frezii (peanut smut)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaFungiBasidiomycotaTilletia indica (Karnal bunt of wheat)Present, Few occurrencesEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaFungiChytridiomycotaBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaAnnelidaAlitta succinea (pile worm)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAcarapis woodi (honeybee mite)PresentEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAceria guerreronis (coconut mite)Present, WidespreadEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAculops fuchsiae (Fuchsia gall mite)Present, LocalizedEPPO (2020); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAculops lycopersici (tomato russet mite)PresentRossetto (1972); Flechtmann (1974); Ramalho (1978); Ramalho and Veiga (1980); Oliveira and Sponchiado (1983); Haji et al. (1988); EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated);
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAgrotis ipsilon (black cutworm)Present, WidespreadCABI (Undated); Fernandes et al. (2013)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAleochara puberulaPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAleurocanthus woglumi (citrus blackfly)Present, LocalizedEPPO (2020); Lemos et al. (2006); Pena et al. (2009); Lopes et al. (2010); Silva et al. (2011); Molina et al. (2014); Silva et al. (2015); Alvim et al. (2016)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAleurodicus cocois (coconut whitefly)PresentMound and Halsey (1978); Silva (1977)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAleurodicus destructor (coconut whitefly)PresentEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAleurodicus dispersus (whitefly)PresentEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly)PresentEPPO (2020); Marsaro Júnior et al. (2015)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAleurotrachelus atratus (palm-infesting whitefly)PresentNativeHempel (1922)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAmblyomma variegatum (tropical bont tick)PresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAmphibalanus improvisus (bay barnacle)Present, WidespreadInvasiveHenry and McLaughlin (1975); Farrapeira (2009); Farrapeira (2010)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAnastrepha fraterculus (South American fruit fly)Present, WidespreadNativeWiedemann (1830); Stone (1942); Cardoso et al. (2002); Garcia et al. (2003); Cardoso et al. (2004); Destéfano et al. (2005); Caetano et al. (2006); Goncalves et al. (2006); Gonçalves et al. (2006); Vera et al. (2006); Bomfim et al. (2007); Feitosa et al. (2007); Silva and Silva (2007); Aguiar-Menezes et al. (2008); Uramoto et al. (2008); Barbosa-Negrisoli et al. (2009); Leal et al. (2009); Azevedo et al. (2010); Silva et al. (2010); Uchôa and Nicácio (2010); Souza et al. (2012); Savaris et al. (2013); Manni et al. (2015); Klesener et al. (2016); Lemos et al. (2017); Maciel et al. (2017); Alves et al. (2019); EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAnastrepha grandis (South American cucurbit fruit fly)Present, LocalizedNativeStone (1942); Silva and Malavasi (1993); Silva and Malavasi (1996); Malavasi and Zucchi (2000); CABI and EPPO (2001); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAnastrepha obliqua (West Indian fruit fly)Present, WidespreadNativeLima da Costa (1934); Zahler (1991); Silva et al. (1996); Ohashi et al. (1997); Aguiar-Menezes and Menezes (2001); Lemons et al. (2002); Uchôa-Fernandes et al. (2002); Uchôa-Fernandes et al. (2003); Uramoto et al. (2004); Araujo et al. (2005); Ronchi-Teles and Silva (2005); Santos et al. (2005); Souza et al. (2005); Goncalves et al. (2006); Gonçalves et al. (2006); Bomfim et al. (2007); Silva et al. (2007); Araujo et al. (2008); De Oliveira et al. (2008); Feitosa et al. (2008); Martins et al. (2008); Uramoto et al. (2008); Dutra et al. (2009); Thomazini and Albuquerque (2009); Uchôa and Nicácio (2010); CABI/EPPO (2011); Garcia and Norrbom (2011); Silva et al. (2011); Montes et al. (2012); Souza et al. (2012); Marsaro Júnior et al. (2013); Bomfim et al. (2014); Lemos et al. (2017); Almeida et al. (2019); Alves et al. (2019); EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated);
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAnastrepha serpentina (sapodilla fruit fly)Present, WidespreadNativeWiedemann (1830); Greene (1934); Stone (1942); CABI and EPPO (2001); Raga et al. (2003); Ronchi-Teles and Silva (2005); Uramoto et al. (2008); Leal et al. (2009); Uchôa and Nicácio (2010); Lemos et al. (2011); Silva et al. (2011); Bomfim et al. (2014); Lemos et al. (2017); Almeida et al. (2019); EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAnastrepha striata (guava fruit fly)Present, LocalizedNativeStone (1942); Selivon and Morgante (1997); Norrbom et al. (1999); Malavasi and Zucchi (2000); CABI and EPPO (2002); Rodrigues et al. (2006); Bomfin et al. (2007); Selivon et al. (2007); Marsaro Júnior et al. (2011); Ronchi-Teles et al. (2011); Jesus-Barros et al. (2012); Deus et al. (2013); Taira et al. (2013); de Oliveira (2015); Adaime et al. (2017); Lemos et al. (2017); Souza et al. (2018); Almeida et al. (2019); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAnastrepha suspensa (Caribbean fruit fly)Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAnthonomus grandis (Mexican cotton boll weevil)PresentIntroducedToledo et al. (2000); Martins et al. (2007); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAonidiella aurantii (red scale)PresentEbeling (1959); Rose (1990); Almeida et al. (2018); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAonidiella orientalis (oriental yellow scale)PresentMCKENZIE (1938); Costa et al. (2013)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAonidomytilus albus (tapioca scale)PresentNativeNakahara (1982); Kondo (2001); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAphis craccivora (groundnut aphid)PresentCABI (Undated); Leite et al. (2017)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAphis gossypii (cotton aphid)PresentUK, CAB International (1968); Carletto et al. (2009); Fernandes et al. (2011); Leite et al. (2015); Cunha and Sousa e Silva (2016)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid)PresentIntroducedInvasiveUK, CAB International (1969)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaApis mellifera scutellata (africanized bee)PresentCABI (Undated); Lopes and Machado (1998); Diniz et al. (2003); Francoy et al. (2006)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaArtemia (brine shrimp)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaAspidiotus destructor (coconut scale)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBactrocera carambolae (carambola fruit fly)Present, LocalizedEPPO (2020); Clarke et al. (2001); Aguilar and Santos (2007); Lemos et al. (2014); Almeida et al. (2016)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly)Present, LocalizedCAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); Leite et al. (2015); Fonseca et al. (2016); Trindade et al. (2019); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBemisia tabaci (MEAM1) (silverleaf whitefly)Present, LocalizedLourenção and Nagai (1994); Brown et al. (1995); CABI and EPPO (1999); Nunes et al. (2008); Rodrigues et al. (2010); Fernandes-Acioli et al. (2011); Fonseca et al. (2013); Boiteux et al. (2016); Mituti et al. (2019); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBemisia tabaci (MED) (silverleaf whitefly)PresentBarbosa et al. (2015); Bello et al. (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBlattella germanica (German cockroach)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBombus terrestris (bumble bee)PresentIntroducedCosta and Lordello (1988); Thorp (2003)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBoophilus microplusPresentCABI Data Mining (undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBradinothrips musaePresentLima and Zucchi (2016)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBrevipalpus phoenicis (false spider mite)Present, WidespreadCABI/EPPO (2013); Kitajima et al. (2003); Miranda et al. (2007); Rodrigues et al. (2008); Sousa et al. (2015); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaBruchophagus roddi (alfalfa seed chalcid)PresentUK, CAB International (1988)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCactoblastis cactorum (cactus moth)Present, LocalizedNativeInvasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCaliothrips fasciatusPresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCallinectes sapidus (blue crab)PresentNativeGulf States Marine Fisheries Commission (2001); Tavares (2002)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCallosobruchus chinensis (Chinese bruchid)Absent, Invalid presence record(s)CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCallosobruchus maculatus (cowpea weevil)Present, WidespreadCredland and Dick (1987)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCarcinus maenas (European shore crab)Absent, Formerly presentCarlton and Cohen (2003)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCarpophilus fumatusPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCarpophilus neposPresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCerataphis lataniae (palm aphid)PresentIntroducedInvasiveSchotman (1989); CABI and EPPO (2007); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCeratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly)Present, WidespreadIntroducedInvasiveEnkerlin et al. (1989); Kourti et al. (1992); McPheron and Steck (1996); Ronchi-Teles and Silva (1996); Gasparich et al. (1997); Davies et al. (1999); Gasperi et al. (2002); Uchôa-Fernandes et al. (2002); Raga et al. (2004); Araujo et al. (2005); Gonçalves et al. (2006); Pontes (2006); Bomfim et al. (2007); Uramoto et al. (2008); Leal et al. (2009); Uchôa and Nicácio (2010); Araujo (2011); Garcia and Norrbom (2011); Marsaro Júnior et al. (2011); Martins (2011); Nicácio and Uchôa (2011); Raga et al. (2011); Husch et al. (2012); Ricalde et al. (2012); Veloso et al. (2012); Savaris et al. (2013); Aquino and Joachim-Bravo (2014); de Moura Araujo et al. (2014); Querino et al. (2014); CABI and EPPO (2015); Araujo et al. (2016); Adaime et al. (2017); Balmès and Mouttet (2017); Trassato et al. (2017); Alves et al. (2019); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCharybdis helleriiPresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaChrysomphalus aonidum (circular scale)PresentEPPO (2020); Almeida et al. (2018)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaChrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale)PresentUK, CAB International (1969)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaChthamalus proteusPresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCinara cupressi sensu lato (Cypress aphid)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCoccinella septempunctata (seven-spot ladybird)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm)PresentOIE (2009)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCoptotermes gestroi (Asian subterranean termite)PresentIntroducedInvasiveEvans et al. (2013)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCrocidosema plebejana (cotton tipworm)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCryptotermes brevis (powderpost termite)Present, LocalizedIntroducedInvasiveHagen (1858); Constantino (2002)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCtenarytaina eucalypti (blue gum psyllid)PresentIntroducedInvasiveBurckhardt et al. (1999)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCtenarytaina spatulataPresentEPPO (2020); CABI and EPPO (2007)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaCulex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito)Present, WidespreadIntroducedInvasiveHeinemann and Belkin (1979)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDaphnia lumholtziPresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDermestes olivieriPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDialeurodes citri (citrus whitefly)Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)Mound and Halsey (1978); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDiaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid)Present, WidespreadCABI/EPPO (2011); Nava et al. (2007); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDiaspidiotus perniciosus (San José scale)Present, WidespreadEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDinoderus minutus (bamboo borer)PresentIntroducedWu et al. (1986)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDipogon lignosusPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDrosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila)Present, LocalizedCABI and EPPO (2016); Deprá et al. (2014); Vilela and Mori (2014); Andreazza et al. (2016); Souza et al. (2017); Louzeiro et al. (2019); Mendonca et al. (2019); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDuponchelia fovealis (Southern European marshland pyralid)PresentPirovani et al. (2017)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug)PresentCABI (Undated); Compere (1936); Culik and Gullan (2005); Morandi Filho et al. (2015)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaDysmicoccus neobrevipes (grey pineapple mealybug)PresentGarcía Morales et al. (2016); Williams and Granara de Willink (1992)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaEriosoma lanigerum (woolly aphid)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaEulachnus rileyi (pine needle aphid)PresentNHM (1970)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaFerrisia virgata (striped mealybug)PresentKaydan and Gullan (2012); Ben-Dov (1994); Almeida et al. (2018)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaFrankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips)PresentIntroducedInvasiveNakahara (1997); CABI and EPPO (1999); Yamada et al. (2016); EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaGlycaspis brimblecombei (red gum lerp psyllid)PresentOliveira et al. (2006); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaGonipterus scutellatus (eucalyptus snout beetle)Present, LocalizedD'ARAÚJO E SILVA et al. (1968); Fenilli (1982); Rosado-Neto (1993); CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated);
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaGrapholita molesta (Oriental fruit moth)PresentEPPO (2020); Kirk et al. (2013)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaGreenidea ficicolaPresentCABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaGymnandrosoma aurantianum (citrus fruit borer)Present, WidespreadVianna (2015); Da Costa Lima (1927); Bento et al. (2001); Matos et al. (2019); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaGynaikothrips ficorum (Cuban laurel thrips)PresentJacot-Guillarmod and Brothers (1986)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHaplaxius crudus (American palm cixiid)Present, LocalizedEPPO (2020); Silva et al. (2019)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHarmonia axyridis (harlequin ladybird)Present, LocalizedIntroducedInvasiveKoch et al. (2006); CABI and EPPO (2007); Rezende et al. (2010); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHelicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm)Present, LocalizedEPPO (2020); Czepak et al. (2013); Bueno et al. (2014); Krinski and Godoy (2015); Pratissoli et al. (2015); Sosa-Gómez et al. (2016); Pinto et al. (2017); Arnemann et al. (2019)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHelicoverpa zea (American cotton bollworm)Present, WidespreadEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHeliothrips haemorrhoidalis (black tea thrips)PresentUK, CAB International (1961); Lima and Zucchi (2016); Souza et al. (2019); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHemiberlesia lataniae (latania scale)PresentUK, CAB International (1976); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHemiberlesia rapax (greedy scale (USA))PresentMerrill (1953)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHylurgus ligniperda (red-haired pine bark beetle)PresentIntroducedInvasiveWood and Bright (1992); CABI and EPPO (2010)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHypogeococcus pungens (cactus mealybug)PresentNativeBen-Dov (1994); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaHypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer)Present, LocalizedGama et al. (2006); Cristancho et al. (2007); Gumier-Costa (2009); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaIcerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale)PresentEPPO (2020); Almeida et al. (2018)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaInsignorthezia insignis (greenhouse orthezia)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLeptocybe invasa (blue gum chalcid)PresentEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLeptoglossus occidentalis (western conifer-seed bug)PresentIntroducedvan der Heyden and Faúndez (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLernaea cyprinaceaPresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLinepithema humile (Argentine ant)PresentNativeInvasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); Wild (2004)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLiposcelis decolorPresentKoike (2009)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLiriomyza huidobrensis (serpentine leafminer)Present, LocalizedCABI and EPPO (2002); Alves et al. (2014); Pereira et al. (2015); Soares et al. (2019); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLiriomyza sativae (vegetable leaf miner)Present, LocalizedEPPO (2020); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLiriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer)PresentCABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaListroderes costirostris (vegetable weevil)PresentBUCHANAN (1937); Morrone (1993); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaLitopenaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp)Present, WidespreadIntroducedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMaconellicoccus hirsutus (pink hibiscus mealybug)Present, LocalizedCulik et al. (2013); Marsaro Júnior et al. (2013); Peronti and Martinelli (2014); CABI and EPPO (2015); Peronti et al. (2016); Peres-Filho et al. (2017); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMacrobrachium rosenbergii (giant freshwater prawn)PresentIntroducedNew (2000)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMacrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid)PresentIntroducedUK, CAB International (1984)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMegaplatypus mutatusPresentWood and Bright (1992); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMetcalfa pruinosa (frosted moth-bug)Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMonomorium destructor (Singapore ant)PresentIntroducedInvasiveInvasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMonomorium pharaonis (pharaoh ant)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMononychellus tanajoa (cassava green mite)PresentEPPO (2020); Moraes et al. (1995)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMythimna unipuncta (rice armyworm)PresentNativeUK, CAB International (1967)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaMyzus persicae (green peach aphid)Present, WidespreadSmith and Cermeli (1979); UK, CAB International (1979); Vieira et al. (2016)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaNezara viridula (green stink bug)Present, WidespreadUK, CAB International (1970); Moscardi (1993); Panizzi (2002); Vivan and Panizzi (2006); Ricalde et al. (2015); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaNipaecoccus nipae (spiked mealybug)PresentCABI and EPPO (2005)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaOecobius annulipesPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaOpogona sacchari (banana moth)PresentIntroducedInvasiveSuplicy Filho and Sampaio (1982); Sampaio et al. (1983); CABI and EPPO (1999); Zorzenon and Potenza (2003); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaOryzaephilus surinamensis (saw toothed grain beetle)PresentChamp and Dyte (1976)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaParaleyrodes bondariPresentCassino and Nascimento (1999); CABI Data Mining (2011); Stocks (2012)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaParatrechina fulvaPresentGotzek et al. (2012); Fox et al. (2010); Gusmão et al. (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaParatrechina longicornis (crazy ant)PresentIntroducedInvasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaParlatoria cinereaPresentAlmeida et al. (2018)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaParthenolecanium persicae (peach scale)PresentUK, CAB International (1979); Soria and Conte (2000)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPaysandisia archon (South American palm borer)Present, LocalizedEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm)Present, WidespreadEPPO (2020); Flint et al. (1979); Gutierrez et al. (1986); Mafra-Neto and Habib (1996); Venzon et al. (2003); de Melo et al. (2012)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPenaeus monodon (giant tiger prawn)PresentIntroducedDIAS (2007)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPheidole megacephala (big-headed ant)PresentIntroducedInvasiveKempf (1972)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPhenacoccus manihoti (cassava mealybug)Present, LocalizedEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPhenacoccus solenopsis (cotton mealybug)PresentIntroducedMatienzo et al. (2003); Resende et al. (2006); Hodges et al. (2008); Kondo et al. (2008); Muniappan (2009); Prishanthini and Vinobaba (2009); CABI/EPPO (2012); Culik et al. (2013); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPhilornis downsiPresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPhoracantha recurva (eucalyptus longhorned borer)Present, LocalizedIntroducedSilva (2002); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPhoracantha semipunctata (eucalyptus longhorned borer)PresentEPPO (2020); CABI and EPPO (2007)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPhthorimaea operculella (potato tuber moth)Present, WidespreadCABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPhyllocnistis citrella (citrus leaf miner)Present, LocalizedUK, CAB International (1986); Silva et al. (1997); Garcia and Carabagialle (2000); Nascimento et al. (2000); Sá et al. (2000); Sant'Ana et al. (2003); Thomazini and Albuquerque (2005); Jesus et al. (2008); Jaciani et al. (2009); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPineus boerneri (pine woolly aphid)PresentLazzari and Cardoso (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPissodes castaneus (small banded pine weevil)PresentIede et al. (2007); Marques et al. (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPlanococcus citri (citrus mealybug)PresentCABI and EPPO (1999); Almeida et al. (2018)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPlutella xylostella (diamondback moth)Present, WidespreadSalinas (1986)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPolyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mite)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaProcambarus clarkii (red swamp crayfish)PresentIntroducedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaProstephanus truncatus (larger grain borer)Absent, Formerly presentUK, CAB International (1995); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPseudaulacaspis pentagona (mulberry scale)Present, LocalizedBorchsenius (1966); Castro et al. (2020); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPseudococcus elisae (banana mealybug)PresentNHM (1982); Williams and Granara de Willink (1992); Culik et al. (2006)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPseudococcus viburni (obscure mealybug)PresentEPPO (2020); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaPsydrothrips kewiPresentCavalleri et al. (2014)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaQuadrastichus erythrinae (Erythrina gall wasp)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaRaoiella indica (red palm mite)PresentCABI (Undated); Navia et al. (2011); Rodrigues and Antony (2011); Oliveira et al. (2016); Hata et al. (2017); Melo et al. (2018); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaRhithropanopeus harrisii (Harris mud crab)Absent, Invalid presence record(s)Williams (1965)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaRhynchophorus palmarum (South American palm weevil)Present, WidespreadEPPO (2020); Husband and Flechtmann (1972); Moura et al. (1993); Moura et al. (1995); Araújo et al. (1998); Ferreira et al. (2003); Miguens et al. (2011); Pinho et al. (2016)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaRhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer)PresentTaylor and Halliday (1986); Pacheco et al. (1990)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSaissetia oleae (olive scale)PresentCABI (Undated); Ricalde et al. (2015)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaScyphophorus acupunctatus (agave weevil)PresentVaurie (1971); Wibmer and O'Brien (1986); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSirex noctilio (woodwasp)Present, LocalizedIntroducedIede et al. (1988); Iede et al. (1998); Wilcken et al. (2018); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSitophilus oryzae (lesser grain weevil)PresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSitophilus zeamais (greater grain weevil)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSitotroga cerealella (grain moth)PresentCruz (1980); Rebelles Reis (1989)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSolenopsis geminata (tropical fire ant)PresentNativeISSG (2009); Gotzek et al. (2015); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSolenopsis invicta (red imported fire ant)Present, LocalizedNativeCABI (Undated); CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSolenopsis richteri (black imported fire ant)Present, LocalizedNativePitts (2002)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSpodoptera eridania (southern armyworm)PresentEPPO (2020); CABI and EPPO (2006)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSpodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)PresentEPPO (2020); Farias et al. (2008); Souza et al. (2015)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaSternochetus mangiferae (mango seed weevil)Present, Few occurrencesSilva and Ricalde (2017); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaTachinaephagus zealandicusPresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaTakecallis taiwanusPresentEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaTapinoma melanocephalum (ghost ant)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaTetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite)PresentInternational Institute of Entomology (1996); Sousa et al. (2015)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaThaumastocoris peregrinus (bronze bug)Present, WidespreadIntroducedInvasiveWilcken et al. (2010); Nadel et al. (2010); Mascarin et al. (2012); Souza et al. (2012); PereiraI et al. (2013); Ribeiro et al. (2015); CABI and EPPO (2017); Saliba et al. (2019); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaThrips palmi (melon thrips)Present, LocalizedIntroducedMonteiro et al. (1995); CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); Monteiro et al. (2001); Leite et al. (2006); Almeida et al. (2008); Leite et al. (2011); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaToxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid)Present, WidespreadEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaTrialeurodes vaporariorum (whitefly, greenhouse)PresentByrne et al. (1990); Lourenção et al. (2008); Marsaro Júnior et al. (2015); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaTuta absoluta (South American tomato pinworm)Present, WidespreadIntroducedFilho et al. (2000); Siqueira et al. (2000); Ferrara et al. (2001); CABI and EPPO (2013); Dias et al. (2013); Gontijo et al. (2013); Silva et al. (2016); EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaUnaspis citri (citrus snow scale)PresentEPPO (2020); Almeida et al. (2018)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaVarroa destructor (Varroa mite)Absent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009); Alves et al. (1975); Moretto and Leonidas (2003)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaViteus vitifoliae (grapevine phylloxera)PresentEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaWasmannia auropunctata (little fire ant)PresentNativeInvasiveISSG (2014); Wetterer and Porter (2003)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaXyleborinus saxesenii (fruit-tree pinhole borer)PresentIntroducedInvasiveWood and Bright (1992)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaXyleborus volvulusPresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaXylosandrus compactus (shot-hole borer)PresentIntroducedInvasiveWood (1980); CABI and EPPO (1997); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaXylosandrus crassiusculus (Asian ambrosia beetle)Present, LocalizedEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaArthropodaXylosandrus morigerus (brown twig beetle)PresentEPPO (2020); Rodríguez et al. (2017)
EukaryotaMetazoaBryozoaBugula neritina (brown bryozoan)PresentIntroducedInvasiveInvasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaBryozoaSchizoporella errata (branching bryozoan)PresentIntroducedInvasiveInvasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaBryozoaSchizoporella unicornisPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataAristichthys nobilis (bighead carp)PresentIntroducedFishBase (2004); Froese and Pauly (2004)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataAstronotus ocellatus (oscar)PresentSilvano and Begossi (2001); Latini and Petrere (2004)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataBos taurus (cattle)PresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataBubalus bubalis (Asian water buffalo)Present, WidespreadIntroducedLong (2003); Camarao et al. (2004); Borghese (2005); Sheikh et al. (2006)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataBubulcus ibis (cattle egret)PresentIntroducedInvasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataCapra hircus (goats)PresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataCarassius auratus auratus (goldfish)PresentIntroducedFroese and Pauly (2009)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataCichla ocellaris (peacock cichlid)PresentChong et al. (2010)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataColumba livia (pigeons)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataCorvus splendens (house crow)Absent, Formerly presentRyall (2016)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataCtenopharyngodon idella (grass carp)PresentIntroducedShireman and Smith (1983); FAO (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataCyprinus carpio (common carp)PresentIntroducedWelcomme (1988)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataDidelphis marsupialis (common opossum)Present, WidespreadNativeCaceres and Monteiro-Filho (2006); IUCN (2015)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataEquus asinus (donkeys)PresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataEquus ferusPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataFelis catus (cat)PresentIntroducedInvasiveInvasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataHoplosternum littorale (armoured catfish)PresentNativeFishBase (2004)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataHydrochoerus hydrochaeris (capybara)PresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataHypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp)PresentIntroducedFroese and Pauly (2004); FishBase (2005)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataIctalurus punctatus (channel catfish)PresentIntroducedInvasiveWelcomme (1988); Piedras (1990); Froese and Pauly (2004)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataIguana iguana (iguana)PresentNativeLeenders (2001)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataLepomis cyanellus (green sunfish)PresentIntroducedWelcomme (1988)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataLepomis gibbosus (pumpkinseed)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataLepomis macrochirus (bluegill)PresentWelcomme (1988)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataLepus europaeus (European hare)Present, LocalizedIntroducedGrigera and Rapoport (1983); Bonino et al. (2010)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataMacaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque)PresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataMarmosa cinereaPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataMicropterus salmoides (largemouth bass)PresentIntroducedScott and Crossman (1973)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataMolothrus bonariensis (shiny cowbird)PresentNativeInvasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataMus musculus (house mouse)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataMyiopsitta monachus (monk parakeet)PresentNativeInvasiveInvasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataMyocastor coypus (coypu)PresentNativeInvasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataOncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout)PresentIntroducedWelcomme (1988); Froese and Pauly (2004)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataOreochromis aureus (blue tilapia)PresentIntroducedWelcomme (1988)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataOreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia)PresentIntroducedPullin et al. (1997); Froese and Pauly (2004)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataOreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia)PresentIntroducedPullin et al. (1997); Starling et al. (2002); Froese and Pauly (2004)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataOvis aries (sheep)PresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataPantherophis guttatus (corn snake)Absent, Formerly presentEterovic and Duarte (2002)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataPhalloceros caudimaculatus (dusky millions fish)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataPiaractus brachypomus (pirapitinga)PresentNativeFroese and Pauly (2004)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataPoecilia latipinna (sailfin molly)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataPoecilia reticulata (guppy)PresentNativeInvasiveFroese and Pauly (2007)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataPoecilia viviparaPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataPolyandrocarpa zorritensisPresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataRachycentron canadum (cobia)PresentNativeIUCN (2017); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataRana catesbeiana (American bullfrog)PresentIntroducedInvasiveLima et al. (1999); Flores Nava (2005); Giovanelli et al. (2008); Kraus (2009); Santos-Barrera et al. (2009)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataRattus norvegicus (brown rat)PresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataRattus rattus (black rat)PresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataRhinella marina (cane toad)PresentNativeInvasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataStyela clava (Asian tunicate)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataStyela plicata (pleated sea squirt)PresentIntroducedInvasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataSus scrofa [ISC] (feral pig)PresentIntroducedInvasiveSicuro and Oliveira (2002); Long (2003)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataTrachemys scripta elegans (red-eared slider)PresentIntroducedInvasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataTrichopodus trichopterus (three spot gourami)PresentIntroducedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataTyto alba (Barn owl)PresentNativeBruce (1999)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataXiphophorus helleriiPresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaChordataXiphophorus maculatus (southern platyfish)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaCnidariaCordylophora (euryhaline hydroid)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaCnidariaPhyllorhiza punctata (Australian spotted jellyfish)PresentIntroducedInvasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaCnidariaTubastraea coccinea (orange-cup coral)PresentIntroducedInvasiveInvasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011)
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaAchatina fulica (giant African land snail)Present, WidespreadIntroducedInvasivePaiva (1999); Fonseca and Nascimento (2004); Franco-Acuña et al. (2009); Vogler et al. (2013); Santos et al. (2018); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaBiomphalaria glabrata (marsh snail)PresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaCorbicula fluminea (Asian clam)PresentIntroducedInvasiveDuarte and Diefenbach (1994)
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaCornu aspersum (common garden snail)PresentIntroducedInvasiveTaylor (1914); Reichling (1950); Flechtmann and Baggio (1985); Escargots Funcia (2009)
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaCrassostrea virginica (eastern oyster)Present, WidespreadNativeFIGIS (2005)
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaDeroceras invadens (tramp slug)PresentIntroducedInvasiveBarker (1999)
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaDeroceras laeve (meadow slug)PresentIntroducedInvasiveMaurer et al. (2002)
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaLimax maximus (leopard slug)PresentIntroducedBoffi (1979); Simone (2006)
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaLimnoperna fortunei (golden mussel)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaMagallana gigas (Pacific oyster)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaMarisa cornuarietis (giant ramshorn)Present, WidespreadNativeCowie and Thiengo (2003); Simone (2006)
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaMeghimatium pictumPresentIntroducedInvasiveGomes et al. (2011); Baronio et al. (2014)
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaMelanoides tuberculata (red-rimmed melania)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaPinctada imbricata radiata (rayed pearl oyster)PresentNativeLeal (2002)
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaPomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail)Absent, Invalid presence record(s)Dos Santos and Mendes (1981); Santos et al. (1987); Cowie and Thiengo (2003); EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaPomacea maculataPresent, WidespreadNativeHayes et al. (2012); EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaRapana venosa (veined rapana whelk)Present, LocalizedIntroducedCABI (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaMolluscaTheba pisana (white garden snail)Absent, Formerly presentEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaAnguina tritici (wheat seed gall nematode)Absent, Formerly presentCHRISTIE and PERRY (1959); CABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaAphelenchoides besseyi (rice leaf nematode)PresentLordello (1969); CABI and EPPO (2000); Favoreto et al. (2018); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaAphelenchoides fragariae (strawberry crimp nematode)Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)Almeida (1992); CABI and EPPO (2002)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaAphelenchoides ritzemabosi (Chrysanthemum foliar eelworm)PresentCuri and Pitta (1971); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaDitylenchus dipsaci (stem and bulb nematode)PresentBecker (1999); Subbotin et al. (2005); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaGlobodera rostochiensis (yellow potato cyst nematode)Absent, Invalid presence record(s)CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaHelicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode)PresentSiddiqi (1973); Zem and Lordello (1981); CABI and EPPO (2003); Lima et al. (2013)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaHeterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode)Present, LocalizedIntroducedLordello et al. (1992); CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaMeloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode)PresentTaylor et al. (1982); CABI and EPPO (2003); Lima et al. (2005); Moura et al. (2010); Araújo Filho et al. (2012); Lima et al. (2013); Machado et al. (2013); Bellé et al. (2016); Kaspary et al. (2017); Neves et al. (2017)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaMeloidogyne enterolobii (Pacara earpod tree root-knot nematode)Present, WidespreadCarneiro et al. (2001); Carneiro et al. (2004); Hernandez et al. (2004); Torres et al. (2004); Torres et al. (2005); Carneiro et al. (2006); Silva et al. (2006); Oliveira et al. (2007); Almeida et al. (2008); Gomes et al. (2008); Silva et al. (2008); Arevalo et al. (2009); Charchar et al. (2009); Castro and Santana (2010); Tigano et al. (2010); Almeida et al. (2012); Gomes et al. (2012); Paes et al. (2012); Jindapunnapat et al. (2013); CABI and EPPO (2014); Rosa et al. (2014); Groth et al. (2017); Silva and Santos (2017); Soares et al. (2018); Luquini et al. (2019); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaMeloidogyne ethiopica (Root-knot nematode)PresentCABI/EPPO (2013); Carneiro et al. (2003); Carneiro et al. (2004); Bellé et al. (2017); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaMeloidogyne graminicola (rice root knot nematode)Present, LocalizedCABI and EPPO (2001); EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaMeloidogyne hapla (root knot nematode)PresentLordello and Monteiro (1974); CABI and EPPO (2002)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaMeloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode)Present, WidespreadCABI and EPPO (2002); Lima et al. (2005); Moura et al. (2010); Lima et al. (2013); Mota et al. (2013)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaMeloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm)PresentSharma (1980); CABI and EPPO (2002); Araújo Filho et al. (2012); Machado et al. (2013); Silva et al. (2014); Ito et al. (2015); Souza et al. (2015); Bellé et al. (2019)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaMeloidogyne mayaguensisPresent, WidespreadCarneiro et al. (2001); Torres et al. (2004); Lima et al. (2005); Torres et al. (2005); EPPO (2014)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaPratylenchus coffeae (banana root nematode)Present, WidespreadCABI and EPPO (2000); Muniz et al. (2012); Lima et al. (2013); EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaRadopholus similis (burrowing nematode)PresentZem and Lordello (1983); CABI and EPPO (1999); Lima et al. (2013); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaRhadinaphelenchus cocophilus (red ring nematode)Present, WidespreadSchuiling and Dinther (1982); Lande (1986); Araújo et al. (1998); CABI and EPPO (1999); Duarte et al. (2008); Magalhães et al. (2008); Silva et al. (2016); Silva et al. (2016); Bierhals et al. (2018); Silva et al. (2018); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaScutellonema bradys (yam nematode)Present, LocalizedLORDELLO (1959); CABI and EPPO (2011); Muniz et al. (2012); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaTrichinellaAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaTylenchulus semipenetrans (citrus root nematode)Present, WidespreadCABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaNematodaXiphinema index (fan-leaf virus nematode)PresentAndrade and Peruzzo (1993); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaMetazoaPlatyhelminthesBothriocephalus acheilognathiPresent, LocalizedIntroducedRego et al. (1999)
EukaryotaMetazoaPlatyhelminthesEchinococcusPresent, LocalizedOIE (2009)
EukaryotaMetazoaPlatyhelminthesEchinococcus granulosusPresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
EukaryotaMetazoaPlatyhelminthesObama nungaraPresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaMetazoaPlatyhelminthesTaenia soliumPresentOIE (2009)
EukaryotaPlanctomycetes [kingdom]Chlamydophila abortusAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaAdiantum raddianum (delta maidenhair fern)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaAzolla filiculoides (water fern)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2003)
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaBlechnum appendiculatum (palm fern)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaBlechnum cordatumPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaChristella dentata (soft fern)PresentCABI (Undated); Mesquita et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaDeparia petersenii subsp. petersenii (Petersen’s lady fern)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaEquisetum arvense (field horsetail)Present, WidespreadHolm et al. (1991)
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaMacrothelypteris torresiana (swordfern)PresentIntroducedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaNephrolepis brownii (Asian swordfern)PresentIntroducedGBIF (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaPteridium aquilinum (bracken)Present, WidespreadNativeLorenzi (1982)
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaPteris tripartita (giant brake)PresentIntroducedFlora do Brasil (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaPteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern)PresentIntroducedInvasiveI3N-Brasil (2019); Flora do Brasil (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaSalvinia auriculata (giant salvinia)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaSalvinia minimaPresentNativeGBIF (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaSalvinia molesta (kariba weed)Present, WidespreadForno (1983); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaePteridophytaThelypteris opulenta (jewelled maiden fern)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedFlora do Brasil (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeRhodophytaAcanthophora spiciferaPresentNativeLourenço et al. (2005); Taylor (1930); Joly (1957); Taylor (1960); Joly (1965)
EukaryotaPlantaeRhodophytaEucheuma spp.PresentIntroducedde Paula et al. (1998); Paula et al. (1999)
EukaryotaPlantaeRhodophytaHypnea musciformisPresentNativeJoly (1965); Falcão and Menezes Széchy (2005)
EukaryotaPlantaeRhodophytaKappaphycusPresentIntroducedPaula et al. (1999)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAbrus precatorius (rosary pea)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAbutilon grandifolium (hairy Indian mallow)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAbutilon indicum (country mallow)PresentMissouri Botanical Garden (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAbutilon pictumPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia angustissima (prairie acacia)PresentIntroducedOrwa et al. (2009)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia auriculiformis (northern black wattle)PresentIntroducedInvasiveZenni and Ziller (2011); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia caven (Roman cassie)Present, PlantedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia crassicarpa (northern wattle)Present, PlantedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia decurrens (green wattle)Present, PlantedIntroducedCSIRO (2000)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia farnesiana (huisache)PresentNativeILDIS (2002)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia longifolia (golden wattle)Present, PlantedIntroducedInvasiveInstituto Horus (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia mangium (brown salwood)Present, PlantedIntroducedInvasiveInstituto Horus (2011); Parreira et al. (2014); Lima and Zucchi (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia mearnsii (black wattle)PresentIntroducedHiga and Resende (1994); Stein and Tonietto (1997); ILDIS (2002); Santos et al. (2006)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia melanoxylon (Australian blackwood)Present, PlantedIntroducedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcacia mellifera (blackthorn)PresentIntroducedGBIF (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcanthospermum australe (spiny-bur)Present, WidespreadNativeUSDA-ARS (2015); Carvalho et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcanthospermum hispidum (bristly starbur)Present, WidespreadNativeInvasiveLorenzi (1982)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAchillea millefolium (yarrow)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAcmella uliginosa (marsh para cress)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAdenanthera pavonina (red-bead tree)Present, PlantedIntroducedILDIS (2002)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAdonidia merrillii (Christmas palm)PresentIntroducedFélix et al. (2017); Rodrigues and Antony (2011); Melo et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAeschynomene americana (shyleaf)PresentNativeCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAgave sisalana (sisal hemp)PresentIntroducedFAO (2012); Forzza RC et al. (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAgeratum conyzoides (billy goat weed)PresentNativeHolm et al. (1979); Culik et al. (2013); Mesquita et al. (2013); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAgrostis capillaris (common bent)PresentIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlbizia chinensis (Chinese albizia)Present, PlantedIntroducedPIER (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlbizia julibrissin (silk tree)Present, PlantedIntroducedILDIS (2002)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlbizia lebbeck (Indian siris)PresentIntroducedILDIS (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlbizia procera (white siris)PresentIntroducedILDIS (2002)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAleurites moluccanus (candlenut tree)PresentIntroducedKrisnawati et al. (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAllamanda blanchetii (purple allamanda)PresentNativeKoch et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAllamanda cathartica (yellow allamanda)PresentCABI (Undated); Miranda et al. (2007); Rodrigues et al. (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAllium neapolitanum (False onion weed)PresentWitt and Luke (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlocasia macrorrhizos (giant taro)PresentIntroducedLeón (1987)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAloysia citrodora (lemon verbena)PresentIntroducedSalimena and Múlgura (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlpinia purpurata (red ginger)PresentMiranda et al. (2007)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlpinia zerumbet (shell ginger)PresentIntroducedFLORIDATA (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlstroemeria aureaPresentMeneses et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlstroemeria pulchellaPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlternanthera ficoidea (rabbit meat)PresentMesquita et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlternanthera halimifolia (hairy joyweed)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed)Present, WidespreadNativeAbud (1985); Julien et al. (1995); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlternanthera pungens (Khaki weed)PresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed)PresentCABI (Undated); Santos-Filho et al. (2015); Tomchinsky et al. (2017); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAlysicarpus vaginalis (alyce clover)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmaranthus blitum (livid amaranth)PresentLorenzi (1982)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmaranthus cruentus (red amaranth)PresentIntroducedSiqueira (2002)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmaranthus deflexus (Perennial Pigweed)PresentCABI Data Mining (2011); Specht et al. (2015); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmaranthus dubius (spleen amaranth)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmaranthus hybridus (smooth pigweed)Present, WidespreadHolm et al. (1991); Specht et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmaranthus palmeri (Palmer amaranth)PresentIntroducedInvasiveDe Andrade Jr et al. (2015); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed)Present, WidespreadHolm et al. (1991)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth)PresentHolm et al. (1991); Specht et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmaranthus viridis (slender amaranth)Present, WidespreadHolm et al. (1991); Kaspary et al. (2017); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmbrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed)PresentHaselwood and Motter (1966); Holm et al. (1979); Fleck et al. (1989); USDA-ARS (2016); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmbrosia peruviana (Peruvian ragweed)PresentNativeMondin and Nakajima (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAmbrosia tenuifolia (lacy ragweed)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAnagallis arvensis (scarlet pimpernel)PresentCosta et al. (1984); Holm et al. (1991)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAndropogon glomeratus (bushy bluestem)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAnethum graveolens (dill)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAnnona cherimola (cherimoya)PresentBonaventure (1999); Morton (1987)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAnnona glabra (pond apple)PresentNativeUSA, USDA-ARS (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAnnona muricata (soursop)Present, PlantedTaira et al. (2013); Sousa et al. (2015); Costa et al. (2016); Adaime et al. (2017); Lemos et al. (2017); Belisário et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAnnona reticulata (bullock's heart)PresentIntroducedMorton (1987); Hanelt et al. (2001)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAnnona squamosa (sugar apple)PresentIntroducedUSA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009); Sousa et al. (2015); Cardoso et al. (2017); Silva et al. (2017); Ramos et al. (2018); Vieira et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAnredera cordifolia (Madeira vine)PresentIntroducedMissouri Botanical Garden (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAnthemis cotula (dog fennel)PresentIntroducedHolm et al. (1979)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAntigonon leptopus (coral vine)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaArgemone mexicana (Mexican poppy)PresentIntroducedFlora do Brasil (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaArgyreia nervosa (elephant creeper)Present, Only in captivity/cultivationIntroducedFlora do Brasil (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAristolochia elegans (elegant Dutchman’s pipe)PresentNativeForzza (2010); USDA-ARS (2015); Weeds of Australia (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAristolochia littoralis (elegant dutchman's pipe)PresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAristolochia ringens (Dutchman’s pipe)PresentNativeGonzalez (1990)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaArrhenatherum elatius (false oat-grass)PresentIntroducedClayton et al. (2016); eMonocot (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaArtemisia biennis (biennial wormwood)PresentLing (1995)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaArtemisia verlotiorumPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaArtocarpus altilis (breadfruit)Present, PlantedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaArtocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit)PresentIntroducedInvasiveInstituto Horus (2019); Alvim et al. (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaArundina graminifolia (bamboo orchid)PresentRodrigues et al. (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaArundo donax (giant reed)Present, PlantedIntroducedMissouri Botanical Garden (2007)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAsclepias curassavica (bloodflower)PresentInvasiveHolm et al. (1997); USDA-ARS (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAsystasia gangetica (chinese violet)PresentIntroducedForzza RC et al. (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAvena barbata (slender oat)Present, LocalizedInvasiveGBIF (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAvena fatua (wild oat)PresentSilveira (1983)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAvena sterilis (winter wild oat)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAverrhoa bilimbi (bilimbi)PresentIntroducedCABI (Undated);
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAxonopus compressus (carpet grass)Present, WidespreadManidool (1992)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAxonopus fissifoliusPresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaAzadirachta indica (neem tree)Present, PlantedIntroducedWorld Agroforestry Centre (2002); Costa et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBacopa monnieri (water hyssop)PresentNativeFlora do Brasil (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBambusa longispiculata (mahal bamboo)PresentIntroducedFilgueiras (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBambusa tuldoides (punting pole bamboo)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedFilgueiras (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBambusa vulgaris (common bamboo)Present, PlantedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBasella alba (malabar spinach)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedUSDA-ARS (2017); Flora do Brasil (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBatis maritima (saltwort)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBauhinia monandra (Napoleon's plume)PresentIntroducedILDIS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBauhinia variegata (mountain ebony)PresentIntroducedILDIS (2014); Miranda et al. (2007); Lemes et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBidens pilosa (blackjack)PresentIntroducedGRIIS (2018); Fleck et al. (1989); Savaris et al. (2015); Specht et al. (2015); Gobatto et al. (2019); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBidens subalternansPresentEPPO (2020); Savaris et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBixa orellana (annatto)Present, WidespreadNativeFlora do Brasil (2016); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBoerhavia coccinea (scarlet spiderling)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2016); Holm et al. (1991)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBoerhavia diffusa (red spiderling)PresentAzevedo and Beltrão (1984)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBorreria latifolia (broadleaf buttonweed)Present, LocalizedGomes et al. (1991); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBothriochloa ischaemum (yellow bluestem)PresentIntroducedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBothriochloa pertusa (pitted beard grass)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBougainvillea spectabilis (great bougainvillea)PresentNativeSá CFC (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBrachypodium distachyon (purple false brome)PresentKaspary et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBrassica juncea (mustard)PresentIntroducedInvasiveOliveira et al. (2011); Reis and Boiteux (2010)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBrassica nigra (black mustard)PresentIntroducedGBIF (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBrassica rapa (field mustard)PresentIntroducedFlora do Brasil (2018); Reis and Boiteux (2010)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBromus hordeaceus (soft brome)PresentIntroducedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBrugmansia suaveolens (white angel's trumpet)PresentNativeGBIF (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaBuddleja davidii (butterfly bush)PresentGBIF (2009)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCabomba caroliniana (Carolina fanwort)PresentNativeWashington State Department of Ecology (2008); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCaesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower)PresentIntroducedForzza (2010); ILDIS (2014); Lima and Zucchi (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCaladium bicolor (heart of Jesus)PresentNativeCoelho et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCalliandra houstoniana var. calothyrsus (calliandra)Present, PlantedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCallisia repens (creeping inch-plant)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCalopogonium caeruleum (jicama)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCalopogonium mucunoides (calopo)PresentCABI (Undated); Mesquita et al. (2013); Lima and Zucchi (2016); Carvalho et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCalotropis procera (apple of sodom)Present, PlantedIntroducedInvasiveBrandão (1995)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCananga odorata (ylang-ylang)Present, Only in captivity/cultivationIntroducedHanelt et al. (2001)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCanavalia ensiformis (jack bean)PresentIntroducedNew York Botanical Garden (2016); Queiroz et al. (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCanavalia gladiata (sword bean)PresentIntroducedQueiroz and Snak (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCanna indica (canna lilly)Present, WidespreadNativeMissouri Botanical Garden (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCanna x generalis (canna lily)PresentWitt and Luke (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCapsicum annuum (bell pepper)PresentNativeCABI (Undated); Barbosa et al. (2010); Caires et al. (2014); Spadotti et al. (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCapsicum baccatum (pepper)PresentNativeEshbaugh (1970); USDA-ARS (2014); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCardiospermum grandiflorum (balloon vine)PresentCABI (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine)PresentCABI (Undated); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCarludovica palmata (Panama hat plant)PresentNativeIUCN (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCascabela thevetia (yellow oleander)PresentNativeGovaerts (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCassia fistula (Indian laburnum)PresentIntroducedBotsaris (2007); Grace et al. (2012); Rabuske et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCassia grandis (pink shower)PresentNativeForzza (2010)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCassia javanica (pink shower)PresentIntroducedILDIS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCassytha filiformis (love-vine)Present, WidespreadNativeUSDA-ARS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCastilla elastica (Mexican rubber tree)PresentGBIF (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCasuarina cunninghamiana (Australian beefwood)PresentIntroducedWorld Agroforestry Centre (2002)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCasuarina equisetifolia (casuarina)Present, PlantedIntroducedInvasivePoletto et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCasuarina glauca (scaly oak (Australia))Present, PlantedIntroducedPoderoso et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCatharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle)PresentCABI (Undated); Duarte et al. (2013); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCecropia peltata (trumpet tree)PresentFenner et al. (2006)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCedrela odorata (Spanish cedar)PresentNativeUSA, USDA-ARS (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass)PresentIntroducedClayton et al. (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCenchrus echinatus (southern sandbur)Present, WidespreadHolm et al. (1977); Machado and Marchezan (1989); Holm et al. (1991); Carmona (1995); Mesquita et al. (2013); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCentella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCentratherum punctatum (lark daisy)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCeratophyllum demersum (coontail)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCereus hildmannianusPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCereus jamacaru (Queen of the Night)PresentCABI Data Mining (2011); Coelho et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCestrum nocturnum (night jessamine)PresentMiranda et al. (2007)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCestrum parqui (Chilean jessamine)PresentWitt and Luke (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaChamaecrista nictitans (sensitive partridge pea)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaChamaesyce prostrataPresentGobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaChenopodium album (fat hen)Present, WidespreadHolm et al. (1991)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaChenopodium murale (nettleleaf goosefoot)PresentPio-Ribeiro et al. (2000)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaChloris barbata (purpletop chloris)PresentHafliger and Scholz (1981)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaChloris gayana (Rhodes grass)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedFilgueiras and Valls (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaChloris pycnothrixPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaChondrilla juncea (rush skeletonweed)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaChromolaena odorata (Siam weed)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaChrysanthemum carinatumPresentGobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaChrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedFilgueiras (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCinnamomum burmanni (padang cassia)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCinnamomum camphora (camphor laurel)PresentIntroducedFrizzo et al. (2000); Dorneles et al. (2018); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCinnamomum verum (cinnamon)Present, PlantedIntroducedKoketsu et al. (1997)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCissus verticillata (possum grape vine)PresentNativeLombardi (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCitrus aurantiifolia (lime)PresentFAO (2013); Silva et al. (2014); Almeida et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCitrus aurantium (sour orange)PresentFAO (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCleome hasslerianaPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCleome rutidosperma (fringed spiderflower)PresentIntroducedPhilcox (1996)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaClerodendrum bungei (rose glorybower)PresentIntroducedFlora Mesoamericana (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaClerodendrum speciosissimum (Java glory bower)PresentRodrigues et al. (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaClidemia hirta (Koster's curse)PresentNativeWester and Wood (1977)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaClusia roseaPresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaClytostoma callistegioidesPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCocos nucifera (coconut)PresentCABI (Undated); Navia et al. (2011); Rodrigues and Antony (2011); Poderoso et al. (2013); Rosado et al. (2015); Bartlett et al. (2018); Melo et al. (2018); Ramos et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCoix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedFlora do Brasil (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCommelina benghalensis (wandering jew)PresentCiba Geigy (1982); Nunes et al. (2012); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCommelina diffusa (spreading dayflower)PresentCiba Geigy (1982); Mesquita et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCommelina virginicaPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaConium maculatum (poison hemlock)Present, WidespreadIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaConvolvulus arvensis (bindweed)Present, LocalizedHolm et al. (1977); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaConyza bonariensis (hairy fleabane)Present, WidespreadNativeHolm et al. (1979); Gobatto et al. (2019); Pazdiora et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaConyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane)PresentIntroducedHolm et al. (1997)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaConyza sumatrensis (tall fleabane)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2004)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCopaifera officinalis (copaiba balsam)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCordia alliodora (Ecuador laurel)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCordyline fruticosa (ti plant)PresentHinkle (2007); Miranda et al. (2007)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCortaderia selloana (pampas grass)PresentCABI (Undated); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCorymbia citriodora (lemon-scented gum)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCosmos caudatus (wild cosmos)PresentIntroducedSherff (1932)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCosmos sulphureus (sulphur cosmos)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedUSDA-ARS (2016); Botsaris (2007)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCostus spicatus (spiked spiralflag ginger)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCrotalaria retusa (rattleweed)PresentIntroducedILDIS (2013); Mesquita et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCrotalaria spectabilis (showy rattlepod)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedFlores (2015); Mesquita et al. (2013); Oliveira et al. (2015); Specht et al. (2015); Alfenas et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCryptostegia grandiflora (rubber vine)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCryptostegia madagascariensis (Madagascar rubbervine)PresentCABI (Undated); Silva et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCucumis anguria (West Indian gherkin)PresentIntroducedLima (2020); Yuki et al. (2000); Adaime et al. (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCuphea carthagenensis (Colombian waxweed)PresentBarroso (1954); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCuphea hyssopifolia (false heather)Present, Only in captivity/cultivationIntroducedSpeciesLink (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCyanthillium cinereum (little ironweed)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCyathula prostrata (pasture weed)PresentIntroducedMissouri Botanical Garden (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCymbopogon citratus (lemongrass)PresentIntroducedFilgueiras (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCymbopogon nardus (citronella grass)Present, LocalizedIntroducedeMonocot (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCymbopogon schoenanthus (camel grass)PresentIntroducedSousa et al. (2005)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCynara cardunculus (cardoon)PresentIntroducedWeeds of Australia (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)PresentIntroducedLorenzi (1982); Mesquita et al. (2013); Ribeiro et al. (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCynodon nlemfuensis (African Bermuda-grass)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCynodon plectostachyus (African stargrass)Present, LocalizedIntroducedI3N-Brasil (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCyperus aggregatusPresentMesquita et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCyperus compressus (annual sedge)PresentMesquita et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge)PresentAbud (1986); Carvalho et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCyperus entrerianus (deeprooted sedge)PresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCyperus imbricatus (shingle flatsedge)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCyperus iria (rice flatsedge)PresentLorenzi (1982); Mesquita et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCyperus meyenianus (Meyen's flatsedge)Present, WidespreadNativeSchwirkowski (2012); IABIN (2013); Mesquita et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCyperus papyrus (papyrus)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge)PresentCABI (Undated); Mesquita et al. (2013); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaCytisus scoparius (Scotch broom)PresentIntroducedInvasiveLeón Cordero et al. (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDatura ferox (fierce thornapple)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDatura innoxia (downy thorn apple)PresentIntroducedMissouri Botanical Garden (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDatura metel (Hindu datura)PresentBoldingh (1909)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDatura stramonium (jimsonweed)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDaucus carota (carrot)PresentFernandes et al. (2017); Boiteux et al. (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDelonix regia (flamboyant)Present, PlantedIntroducedILDIS (2009)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDendrocalamus strictus (male bamboo)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDesmodium incanum (creeping beggerweed)PresentCABI (Undated); Mesquita et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDesmodium uncinatum (Silver-leaf desmodium)PresentCABI Data Mining (2011); Salazar Yepes and Carvalho Júnior (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDichorisandra thyrsifloraPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDichrostachys cinerea (sickle bush)PresentNativeCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDieffenbachia seguine (dumb cane)PresentNativeCaliman et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDigitaria bicornis (Asian crabgrass)PresentIntroducedMissouri Botanical Garden (2016); Carvalho et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDigitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass)PresentCABI (Undated); Mesquita et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDigitaria eriantha (pangola grass)PresentIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDigitaria fuscescens (yellow crab grass)PresentIntroducedMissouri Botanical Garden (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDigitaria insularis (sourgrass)Present, WidespreadNativeUSDA-ARS (2012); Carvalho et al. (2018); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDigitaria sanguinalis (large crabgrass)PresentIntroducedRozanski et al. (1988); Kissman and Groth (1993); Mesquita et al. (2013); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDiodia teres (poorjoe)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDioscorea alata (white yam)PresentCABI (Undated); Moura et al. (2010)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDioscorea bulbifera (air potato)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDioscorea cayenensis (Guinea yam)Present, Only in captivity/cultivationIntroducedPROTA (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDolichandra unguis-cati (cat's claw creeper)PresentNativeCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDombeya wallichii (pink ball)Present, Only in captivity/cultivationIntroducedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDracaena fragrans (corn plant)PresentIntroducedInvasiveI3N-Brasil (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDrymaria cordata (tropical chickweed)Present, WidespreadLorenzi (1982); Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDuranta erecta (golden dewdrop)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2013); Marsaro Júnior et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDypsis lutescens (yellow butterfly palm)PresentMelo et al. (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaDysphania ambrosioides (Mexican tea)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEchinochloa colona (junglerice)PresentAzevedo et al. (1989); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEchinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass)PresentHolm et al. (1991)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEchinochloa crus-pavonis (gulf cockspur grass)PresentNativeTropicos (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEchinochloa pyramidalisPresentIntroducedGBIF (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEchinodorus grisebachiiPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEchinodorus horizontalisPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEchinodorus uruguayensisPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEchium plantagineum (Paterson's curse)Present, WidespreadIntroducedInvasiveHolm et al. (1979)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEclipta prostrata (eclipta)Present, WidespreadHolm et al. (1979); Mesquita et al. (2013); Gobatto et al. (2019); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEgeria densa (leafy elodea)Present, LocalizedNativeCook and Urmi-König (1984); Kissmann (1997); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEichhornia azurea (anchored water hyacinth)PresentNativeLorenzi (1982); UK, Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew) (2009); USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009); USDA-ARS (2009)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth)Present, WidespreadNativeGopal (1987); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaElaeis guineensis (African oil palm)PresentFAO (2009); Melo et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaElephantopus mollis (elephant's foot)PresentNativeLorenzi (1982); Savaris et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEleusine indica (goose grass)PresentCABI (Undated); Mesquita et al. (2013); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEmex spinosa (spiny emex)PresentIntroducedSteinheil (1838)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEmilia coccinea (scarlet tasselflower)PresentIntroducedDavidse et al. (2018); Mesquita et al. (2013); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEmilia fosbergii (Florida tassel-flower)PresentCABI (Undated); Silva and Santos (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEmilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower)PresentIntroducedInvasiveLorenzi (2000); Holm et al. (1997)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEpiphyllum oxypetalum (dutchman's-pipe cactus)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedZappi et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEragrostis amabilis (Japanese lovegrass)PresentIntroducedPeterson and Vega (2007)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEragrostis ciliaris (gophertail lovegrass)PresentIntroducedClayton et al. (2018); Mesquita et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass)PresentIntroducedLonghi-Wagner (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEragrostis lehmanniana (Lehmann lovegrass)PresentIntroducedPeterson et al. (2001); Soreng et al. (2014); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass)PresentIntroducedClayton et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEragrostis plana (South African lovegrass)PresentIntroducedWelker and Longhi-Wagner (2007); Carvalho et al. (2018); Dorneles et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaErechtites hieraciifolius (American burnweed)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2016); Mesquita et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaErechtites valerianifolius (tropical burnweed)PresentNativeMissouri Botanical Garden (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEriobotrya japonica (loquat)Present, PlantedIntroducedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEryngium pandanifoliumPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaErythrina poeppigiana (coral tree)PresentCABI (Undated); Azevedo et al. (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEucalyptusPresentConstantino (2002); Ribeiro et al. (2013); Arriel et al. (2014); Liebsch and Mikich (2015); Saliba et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum)Present, PlantedIntroducedSaliba et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEucalyptus globulus (Tasmanian blue gum)Present, PlantedAlfenas et al. (2003)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEucalyptus paniculata (grey ironbark)Present, PlantedIntroducedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany)Present, PlantedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEucalyptus sideroxylon (black ironbark)Present, PlantedIntroducedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEugenia uniflora (Surinam cherry)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2013); Rodrigues et al. (2008); Maia and Souza (2013); Alvim et al. (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEuphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia)Present, LocalizedBarreto and Evans (1998); Nechet et al. (2004); EPPO (2020); CABI (Undated);
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEuphorbia hirta (garden spurge)PresentHolm et al. (1979); Mesquita et al. (2013); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEuphorbia hypericifolia (graceful spurge)PresentNativeGBIF (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEuphorbia leucocephala (white Christmas bush)PresentIntroducedPedroso et al. (2007)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEuphorbia tirucalli (Indian-tree spurge)PresentIntroducedOrwa et al. (2009); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEuphorbia tithymaloides (devil's backbone)PresentNativeCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEuphorbia umbellata (African milk bush)PresentIntroducedLuz et al. (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaEustachys retusaPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFallopia convolvulus (black bindweed)PresentHashimoto (1982); Holm et al. (1991)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFestuca arundinacea (tall fescue)PresentIntroducedeMonocot (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFicus carica (common fig)PresentFAO (2009); Benito et al. (2016); Roque et al. (2017); Santos et al. (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFicus microcarpa (Indian laurel tree)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFicus microcarpusPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFimbristylis cymosa (tropical fimbry)PresentNativeIUCN (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFimbristylis dichotoma (tall fringe rush)Present, LocalizedIntroducedInvasiveLorenzi (1982); Kissmann (1997); Mesquita et al. (2013); Carvalho et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis)PresentIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFlemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia)PresentIntroducedILDIS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFlemingia strobilifera (wild hops)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFoeniculum vulgare (fennel)PresentIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2013); Rosa et al. (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFragaria vesca (wild strawberry)PresentDarrow (1966); Benito et al. (2016); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaFurcraea foetida (Mauritius hemp)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGalinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGalinsoga quadriradiata (shaggy soldier)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGalium aparine (cleavers)PresentHolm et al. (1977)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGalphimia gracilis (goldshower)PresentIntroducedMissouri Botanical Garden (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGlechoma hederacea (ground ivy)PresentIntroducedGBIF (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGliricidia sepium (gliricidia)PresentIntroducedILDIS (2002); WAC (2005)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGmelina arborea (candahar)PresentIntroducedOrwa et al. (2009); Miranda et al. (2007); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGomphocarpus physocarpus (balloon cotton bush)PresentCABI (Undated); Fischer et al. (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGomphrena globosa (globe amaranth)PresentNaturalizedUSDA-ARS (2015); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGomphrena serrata (arrasa con todo)PresentNativeMissouri Botanical Garden (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGrevillea robusta (silky oak)Present, Few occurrencesIntroducedBaggio et al. (1997); I3N-Brasil (2014); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGymnocoronis spilanthoides (Senegal tea plant)PresentNativeHolm et al. (1979); USA, USDA-ARS (2008); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaGypsophila paniculata (baby’s breath)PresentIntroducedInvasiveMissouri Botanical Garden (2014); USDA-ARS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHedychium coccineum (scarlet ginger lily)PresentIntroducedRio de Janerio Botanic Garden Research Institute (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHedychium coronarium (white butterfly ginger lily)Present, LocalizedIntroducedInvasiveLorenzi (1982); Kissmann (1997)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHelianthus annuus (sunflower)PresentFAO (2009); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHeliconia bihai (macaw flower)PresentNativeGovaerts (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHeliocarpus americanus (white moho)Present, LocalizedNativeLay (1949); USDA-ARS (2012); Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (2013); Bernardi et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHeliotropium curassavicum (salt heliotrope)PresentNativeFlora do Brasil (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHeliotropium indicum (Indian heliotrope)Present, WidespreadJohnston (1928); Holm et al. (1977); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHemerocallis lilioasphodelus (yellow daylily)PresentVieira et al. (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHevea brasiliensis (rubber)PresentFAO (2009); Oliveira et al. (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHibiscus elatus (blue mahoe)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedWeaver and Francis (1989); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose)PresentCABI Data Mining (undated); Miranda et al. (2007); Rodrigues et al. (2008); Specht et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHolcus lanatus (common velvet grass)PresentIntroducedMissouri Botanical Garden (2013); USDA-ARS (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHordeum euclastonPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHovenia dulcisPresentLucini and Panizzi (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHura crepitans (sand box)PresentWitt and Luke (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHydrilla verticillata (hydrilla)Present, LocalizedIntroducedInvasiveSousa et al. (2009)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHydrocotyle ranunculoides (floating pennywort)PresentUSDA-ARS (2004); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHylocereus undatus (dragon fruit)PresentIntroducedInvasiveTaylor and Zappi (2004); Flora do Brasil (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHymenachne amplexicaulis (hymenachne)Present, WidespreadNativeZuloaga et al. (2003)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHypochaeris radicata (cat's ear)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHyptis brevipes (lesser roundweed)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHyptis spicigera (black sesame)PresentNativeSeidemann (2005)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaHyptis suaveolens (pignut)PresentNativeGBIF (2016); Mesquita et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaImpatiens balsamina (garden balsam)PresentIntroducedGRIIS (2018); Silva et al. (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaImpatiens walleriana (busy lizzy)PresentIntroducedInvasiveZenni and Ziller (2011); Soares et al. (2009); Duarte et al. (2013); Specht et al. (2015); Borges et al. (2019); Trindade et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIndigofera hirsuta (hairy indigo)PresentIntroducedRandall (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIndigofera spicata (creeping indigo)PresentNativeForzza RC et al. (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIndigofera suffruticosa (Anil indigo)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaInga punctata (ice cream bean tree)Present, WidespreadNativeIUCN (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIpomoea alba (white moonflower )PresentNativeSimão-Bianchini and Ferreira (2015); Witt and Luke (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIpomoea aquatica (swamp morning-glory)PresentIntroducedSnyder et al. (1981); Colares and Colares (2002)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIpomoea cairica (five-fingered morning glory)PresentIntroducedInvasiveLorenzi (2000)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIpomoea carneaPresentWitt and Luke (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIpomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (bush morning glory)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIpomoea hederifolia (scarlet-creeper )PresentNativeStaples (2016); Witt and Luke (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIpomoea imperatiPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIpomoea indica (ocean blue morning-glory)PresentIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIpomoea nil (white edge morning-glory)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedSimão-Bianchini R and Ferreira PPA (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIpomoea purpurea (tall morning glory)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIpomoea quamoclit (cypress vine)PresentAnon. (2016); Staples (2017); Flora do Brasil (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIschaemum rugosum (saramollagrass)Present, LocalizedHolm et al. (1977); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaIxora finlaysoniana (white jungle flame)PresentIntroducedFlora do Brasil (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaJacaranda mimosifolia (jacaranda)PresentNativeOrwa et al. (2009); Marsaro Júnior et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaJasminum fluminense (Brazilian jasmine)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaJasminum multiflorum (star jasmine)PresentIntroducedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaJatropha curcas (jatropha)PresentNativeUSA, USDA-ARS (2008); Pereira et al. (2009)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaJatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush)Present, WidespreadNativePadua et al. (1999); Ocampo and Balick (2009)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaJuncus effusus (common rush)PresentNativeMissouri Botanical Garden (2016); Balslev (1996); Kirschner (2002)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaJuncus tenuis (slender rush)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaJusticia pectoralis (freshcut)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaKalanchoe delagoensis (chandelier plant)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaKalanchoe integra (Never die)PresentIntroducedVoeks (1996); New York Botanical Garden (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaKalanchoe pinnata (cathedral bells)PresentIntroducedBoiteau and Allorge-Boiteau (1995)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaKyllinga nemoralis (white kyllinga)PresentIntroducedAlves et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd)PresentIntroducedGomes-Klein et al. (2015); Yuki et al. (2000); Dorneles et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLagerstroemia speciosa (Pride of India)PresentIntroducedLorenzi et al. (2003)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLamarckia aureaPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLantana camara (lantana)PresentCABI (Undated); Miranda et al. (2007); Maia and Souza (2013); Carvalho et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLantana montevidensisPresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLeersia hexandra (southern cut grass)PresentHolm et al. (1979)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLemna minutaPresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLemna perpusilla (duckweed)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLeonotis nepetifolia (Christmas candlestick)PresentIntroducedReflora (2013); Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLeonurus japonicus (honeyweed)PresentCABI (Undated); Lourenção et al. (2008); Barbosa et al. (2013); Flôres and Bedendo (2013); Fernandes-Acioli et al. (2014); Ferro et al. (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLepidium virginicum (Virginian peppercress)PresentIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLeptochloa fusca (sprangletop)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLeptochloa mucronata (mucronate sprangletop )PresentNativeInvasiveMaia et al. (2004); Procópio et al. (2006); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLespedeza cuneata (sericea lespedeza)PresentIntroducedEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLeucaena diversifoliaPresent, PlantedIntroducedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLeucaena leucocephala (leucaena)PresentIntroducedInvasiveCronk and Fuller (1995); Hughes (1998); ILDIS (2007); Lima and Zucchi (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLigustrum lucidum (broad-leaf privet)PresentIntroducedNesom (2009); Forzza (2010)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLigustrum sinense (Chinese privet)PresentMiranda et al. (2007)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLigustrum vulgare (common privet)PresentIntroducedInvasiveCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLimnobium laevigatum (South American spongeplant)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLindernia crustacea (Malaysian false pimpernel)PresentCABI (Undated); Mesquita et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLitsea glutinosa (Indian laurel)PresentIntroducedGBIF (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass)PresentIntroducedHolm et al. (1991); Machado et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)PresentIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2013); Specht et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLolium temulentum (darnel)PresentIntroducedHolm et al. (1979)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle)PresentIntroducedInvasiveLorenzi (2000)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLudwigia grandiflora (water primrose)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2009); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLudwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLudwigia octovalvis (primrose willow)PresentHolm et al. (1979); Mesquita et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLudwigia peploides (water primrose)PresentCABI (Undated); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLuffa acutangula (angled luffa)PresentIntroducedCABI (Undated); Yuki et al. (2000)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLuffa aegyptiaca (loofah)PresentZipcode Zoo (2007); Silva et al. (2013); Bellé et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLupinus polyphyllus (garden lupin)PresentGobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaLythrum maritimum (pukamole)PresentNativeJSTOR Global Plants (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMacroptilium atropurpureum (siratro)PresentNative and IntroducedUSDA-ARS (2017); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMalvaviscus arboreus (wax mallow)PresentMiranda et al. (2007)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMangifera indica (mango)PresentIntroducedSilva-Luz and Pirani (2014); Gonçalves et al. (2006); Peres Filho et al. (2006); Lima et al. (2013); Lemos et al. (2014); Silva et al. (2015); Alvim et al. (2016); Ramos et al. (2018); Vieira et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaManilkara zapota (sapodilla)PresentIntroducedAlmeida (2015); Bittencourt et al. (2013); Lemos et al. (2014); Lemos et al. (2017); Martins et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMaranta arundinacea (arrowroot)PresentNativeGovaerts (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMedicago lupulina (black medick)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedUSDA-ARS (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMedicago polymorpha (bur clover)PresentIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMegathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass)PresentIntroducedInvasiveHitchcock and Chase (1910); Alves and Xavier (1986); Mesquita et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMelaleuca quinquenervia (paperbark tree)PresentIntroducedInvasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2010)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMelia azedarach (Chinaberry)PresentIntroducedInvasiveWorld Agroforestry Centre (2002); Instituto Horus (2003); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMelicoccus bijugatus (Spanish lime)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMelilotus albus (honey clover)PresentIntroducedSchneider (2007)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMelinis minutiflora (molasses grass)Present, WidespreadInvasiveOviedo Prieto et al. (2012); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMelinis repens (natal redtop)Present, WidespreadIntroducedGBIF (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMentha pulegium (pennyroyal)PresentIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMerremia aegyptia (hairy woodrose)PresentNativeCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMerremia cissoides (roadside woodrose)PresentNativeCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMerremia tuberosa (woodrose)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMerremia umbellata (hogvine)PresentNativeSimão-Bianchini and Ferreira (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMesosphaerum pectinatum (comb bushmint)PresentIntroducedInvasiveLorenzi (2000)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMiconia calvescens (miconia)PresentNativeMeyer (1994); Seixas et al. (2007); Alves et al. (2010); Morais et al. (2010)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMikania micrantha (bitter vine)PresentBarreto and Evans (1995)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMimosa arenosa (elegant mimosa)PresentNativeCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMimosa casta (graceful mimosa)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMimosa ceratonia (climbing mimosa)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMimosa diplotricha (creeping sensitive plant)PresentNativeHolm et al. (1977); Waterhouse and Norris (1987); Willson and Garcia (1992)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant)PresentNativeLonsdale et al. (1989)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMimosa pudica (sensitive plant)PresentNativeHolm et al. (1977); Waterhouse and Norris (1987)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMirabilis jalapa (four o'clock flower)PresentIntroducedMissouri Botanical Garden (2016); Duarte et al. (2016); Lamas et al. (2017); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMiscanthus sinensis (eulalia)PresentIntroducedFilgueiras (2003)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMomordica charantia (bitter gourd)PresentBacchi et al. (1972); Lorenzi (1986); Scholz (1988); Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997); Alves et al. (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMonochoria hastata (hastate-leaved pondweed)Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)India Biodiversity Portal (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMorinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry)PresentIntroducedMaio and Oliveira (2015); Souza et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMoringa oleifera (horse radish tree)Present, PlantedIntroducedMissouri Botanical Garden (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMorus alba (mora)Present, PlantedIntroducedInvasiveInstituto Horus (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMorus nigra (black mulberry)PresentLim (2012); Castro et al. (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMucuna pruriens (velvet bean)PresentILDIS (2014); Lima and Zucchi (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMuntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry)PresentNativeSouza (2015); Souza and Lorenzi (2005); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMurdannia nudiflora (doveweed)PresentIntroducedAona and Pellegrini (2015); Mesquita et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMussaenda erythrophylla (red flag bush)PresentIntroducedZappi (2015); Rodrigues et al. (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMussaenda philippica (Queen of Philippines)PresentIntroducedForzza and Dalcin (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMyriophyllum aquaticum (parrot's feather)PresentNativeEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaMyroxylon balsamum (Peru balsam)Present, PlantedNativeILDIS (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaNandina domestica (Nandina)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaNassella neesiana (Chilean needlegrass)PresentEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaNassella trichotoma (serrated tussock grass)PresentNativeMissouri Botanical Garden (2003)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaNasturtium officinale (watercress)PresentCosta et al. (2010)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaNelsonia canescens (blue pussyleaf)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaNeomarica caerulea (walking iris)PresentNativeCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaNeonotonia wightii (perennial soybean)PresentIntroducedMissouri Botanical Garden (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaNicandra physalodes (apple of Peru)PresentCABI (Undated); Gobatto et al. (2019); Souza et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaNicotiana glauca (tree tobacco)PresentIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaNicotiana langsdorffiiPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaNicotiana plumbaginifolia (Tex-Mex tobacco)PresentNativeMissouri Botanical Garden (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaNicotiana tabacum (tobacco)PresentIntroducedForzza (2010); Lacroix et al. (2011); Pereira et al. (2018); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaNopalea cochenillifera (cochineal cactus)PresentIntroducedFlora do Brasil (2017); Feijó et al. (2016); Conforto et al. (2017); Santiago et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaNymphaea ampla (dot-leaf water-lily)PresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaNymphaea lotus (white Egyptian lotus)PresentIntroducedMissouri Botanical Garden (2016); Wiersema (1982)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOcimum gratissimum (African basil)PresentIntroducedWCSP (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOcimum tenuiflorum (holy basil)PresentIntroducedMachado et al. (1999)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOeceoclades maculata (monk orchid)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOldenlandia corymbosa (flat-top mille graines)PresentInvasiveOliveira and Souza (2015); Mesquita et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOldenlandia lancifolia (calycose mille graines)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedOliveira and Souza (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOpuntia cochenillifera (cochineal cactus)PresentConforto et al. (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOpuntia ficus-indica (prickly pear)PresentIntroducedAndrade et al. (2006)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOpuntia humifusaPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOpuntia monacantha (common prickly pear)PresentIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOpuntia stricta (erect prickly pear)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedZappi et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOryza rufipogon (wild rice)PresentAbud (1981); Ge Song et al. (1999)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel)Present, WidespreadHolm et al. (1991); Bellé et al. (2016); Gobatto et al. (2019); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOxalis debilis (pink woodsorrel)PresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaOxalis latifolia (sorrel)PresentCABI (Undated); Soares (2008); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPachira aquatica (pachira nut)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPachira insignis (wild chestnut)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPachystachys coccinea (Cardinal's guard)PresentNativeProfice et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPanicum repens (torpedo grass)PresentIntroducedLorenzi (1982)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaParkinsonia aculeata (Mexican palo-verde)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaParthenium hysterophorus (parthenium weed)PresentNativeDale (1981); Flora do Brasil (2018); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaspalidium geminatum (Egyptian paspalidium)PresentNativeRoyal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass)PresentNativeClayton et al. (2018); Lorenzi (1982)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaspalum densum (dense crowngrass)PresentNativeOliveira and Valls (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaspalum dilatatum (dallisgrass)PresentNativeFlora do Brasil (2017); USDA-ARS (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaspalum distichum (knotgrass)PresentNativeChase (1929); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaspalum fasciculatum (bull grass)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaspalum millegrana (yerba brava)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaspalum notatum (Bahia grass)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaspalum paniculatum (Russell River grass)PresentNativeOliveira and Valls (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaspalum scrobiculatum (ricegrass paspalum)Present, LocalizedHolm et al. (1991); de Moura Araujo et al. (2017); Garbin (2018); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaspalum urvillei (Vasey grass)PresentNativeD'Urville (1822); Parodi (1937); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaspalum virgatum (sword grass)PresentNativeOliveira RC and de Valls JFM (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPassiflora caerulea (blue passionflower)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2014); Nunes et al. (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPassiflora edulis (passionfruit)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2014); Nunes et al. (2008); Firmino et al. (2013); Melo et al. (2015); Potin et al. (2016); Santos et al. (2018); Vidal et al. (2018); Mituti et al. (2019); Pirovani et al. (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPassiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower)Present, Few occurrencesNativeKillip (1938); Holm et al. (1997); Nunes et al. (2008); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPassiflora ligularis (sweet granadilla)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPassiflora morifoliaPresentCABI Data Mining (2011); Nunes et al. (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPassiflora suberosa (corkystem passionflower)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2012); Nunes et al. (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPaulownia tomentosa (paulownia)Present, PlantedIntroducedJiang (1988)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu grass)Present, LocalizedIntroducedInvasiveLorenzi (1982); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPennisetum polystachion (mission grass)PresentIntroducedHafliger and Scholz (1981)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPennisetum purpureum (elephant grass)PresentCABI (Undated); Silva et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPentas lanceolata (Egyptian starcluster)PresentIntroducedZappi (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPereskia aculeata (Lemon-vine)PresentWitt and Luke (2017); Almeida et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPersicaria punctata (dotted smartweed)PresentNativeFlora of North America (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPetiveria alliacea (guinea hen weed)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhalaris minor (littleseed canarygrass)PresentHolm et al. (1979)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhalaris platensisPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhaseolus lunatus (lima bean)PresentCABI (Undated); Sousa et al. (2017); Sousa et al. (2017); Cavalcante et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhleum pratense (timothy grass)PresentIntroducedKew (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhormium tenax (New Zealand flax)Present, Only in captivity/cultivationIntroducedHanelt et al. (2001)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhragmites australis (common reed)PresentNativeMissouri Botanical Garden (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhyllanthus urinaria (leafflower)Present, LocalizedIntroducedInvasiveCruz et al. (1994); Mesquita et al. (2013); Specht et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhyllostachys aurea (golden bamboo)Present, PlantedIntroducedUSDA-APHIS (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhyllostachys reticulata (giant timber bamboo)PresentIntroducedClayton et al. (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhysalis angulata (cutleaf groundcherry)Present, WidespreadNativeLorenzi (1982); Branch and Silva (1983); Matos (2000); Santos et al. (2003); Bastos et al. (2006); Fonseca et al. (2013); Mesquita et al. (2013); Duarte et al. (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPhysalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry)PresentCABI (Undated); Esquivel et al. (2018); Pazdiora et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPimenta dioica (allspice)PresentNativeSeidemann (2005); Parthasarathy et al. (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPimenta racemosa (bay rum tree)PresentNativeGBIF (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPinus caribaea (Caribbean pine)PresentCABI (Undated); Ferreira Filho et al. (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPinus elliottii (slash pine)Present, Widespread, PlantedIntroducedInvasiveZenni and Ziller (2011); Maciel et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPinus oocarpa (ocote pine)PresentBraga et al. (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPinus patula (Mexican weeping pine)Present, PlantedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPiper aduncum (spiked pepper)PresentNativeStarr et al. (2003); Rocha et al. (2013); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPistia stratiotes (water lettuce)PresentUSDA-ARS (2009); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPithecellobium dulce (Manila tamarind)Present, PlantedNativeCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPittosporum undulatum (Australian cheesewood)PresentIntroducedMissouri Botanical Garden (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPlantago coronopus (Buck's-horn plantain)PresentIntroducedMissouri Botanical Garden (2012); GBIF (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPlantago major (broad-leaved plantain)PresentHoletz et al. (2002); Dias-Arieira et al. (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPlectranthus amboinicus (Indian borage)PresentLukhoba et al. (2006); Govaerts (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPlectranthus scutellarioides (coleus)PresentGorayeb et al. (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPluchea carolinensis (sourbush)PresentMissouri Botanical Garden (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPoa annua (annual meadowgrass)PresentHolm et al. (1991)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPolycarpon tetraphyllum (fourleaf allseed)PresentIntroducedReflora (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPolygonum aviculare (prostrate knotweed)Present, WidespreadHolm et al. (1979)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPolygonum hydropiper (marsh pepper)PresentHafliger and Wolf (1988); Holm et al. (1997); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPolygonum lapathifolium (pale persicaria)PresentPitelli et al. (2009)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPolygonum persicaria (redshank)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPolypogon elongatusPresentSalazar Yepes and Carvalho Júnior (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPolypogon monspeliensis (annual beard grass)PresentIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPontederia cordata (pickerel weed)PresentWitt and Luke (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPopulus alba (silver-leaf poplar)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPopulus nigra (black poplar)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPortulaca oleracea (purslane)PresentIntroducedLegrand (1952); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPortulaca pilosa (kiss-me-quick)PresentNativeCoelho and Giulietti (2010); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015); USDA-ARS (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaProsopis juliflora (mesquite)Present, Localized, PlantedIntroducedInvasiveBurkart (1976); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaProsopis pallida (mesquite)PresentIntroducedInvasiveLima and Pasiecznik (2006)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaProsopis ruscifoliaPresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPrunella vulgaris (self-heal)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPseudogynoxys chenopodioides (Mexican flamevine)PresentNativeBorges and Teles (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPsidium cattleianum (strawberry guava)PresentMarsaro Júnior et al. (2015); Battisti et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPsidium guajava (guava)Present, PlantedIntroducedInvasiveZiller and Rosa (2001); Gonçalves et al. (2006); USDA-ARS (2012); FAO (2013); Salazar Yepes and Carvalho Júnior (2013); Taira et al. (2013); Lemos et al. (2014); Adaime et al. (2017); Adaime et al. (2017); Lemos et al. (2017); Silva and Santos (2017); Santos et al. (2018); Almeida et al. (2019); Alves et al. (2019); Trindade et al. (2019); Vieira et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPterolepis glomerata (false meadowbeauty)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPtychosperma elegans (solitaire palm)Present, Only in captivity/cultivationIntroducedBatista et al. (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPueraria montana var. lobata (kudzu)PresentIntroducedMorel (2003); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPueraria phaseoloides (tropical kudzu)PresentCABI (Undated); Lisboa et al. (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPycreus polystachyosPresentCarvalho et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaPyracantha coccinea (scarlet firethorn)Present, Only in captivity/cultivationIntroducedFlora do Brasil (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaQuamoclit hederifoliaPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRaphanus raphanistrum (wild radish)Present, WidespreadLorenzi (1982); Holm et al. (1991); Reis and Boiteux (2010); Boiteux et al. (2016); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRaphanus sativus (radish)PresentBoiteux et al. (2016); Reis and Boiteux (2010)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRhizophora mangle (red mangrove)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2015); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRicinus communis (castor bean)PresentCABI (Undated); Basseto et al. (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRivina humilis (bloodberry)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRosmarinus officinalis (rosemary)PresentIntroducedFenner et al. (2006)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass)Present, LocalizedIntroducedMillhollon and Burner (1993); Valverde et al. (1999); Alves et al. (2003); Silva et al. (2009); Funez et al. (2016); Macedo et al. (2016); Dias et al. (2017); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRoystonea oleracea (Caribbean royal palm)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRubus niveus (Mysore raspberry)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRubus rosifolius (roseleaf raspberry)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRuellia simplex (Mexican petunia)PresentNativeEzcurra and Daniel (2007)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRumex acetosella (sheep's sorrel)PresentIntroducedDiscover Life (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRumex crispus (curled dock)Present, WidespreadHolm et al. (1979); Specht et al. (2015); Dorneles et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRumex obtusifolius (broad-leaved dock)PresentIntroducedInvasiveHolm et al. (1979); Moccellin et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRusselia equisetiformis (firecracker plant)PresentIntroducedMissouri Botanical Garden (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaRytidostylis carthagenensisPresentNativeMissouri Botanical Garden (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSacciolepis indica (glen woodgrass)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSalix humboldtianaPresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSalvia coccinea (scarlet sage)PresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSamanea saman (rain tree)PresentIntroducedILDIS (2002); World Agroforestry Centre (2002)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSambucus canadensis (American black elderberry)PresentIntroducedJørgensen et al. (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSanchezia parvibracteata (sanchezia)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSchefflera actinophylla (umbrella tree)PresentCABI (Undated); Miranda et al. (2007)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSchinus molle (false pepper tree)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSchinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian pepper tree)Present, WidespreadNativeCABI (Undated); Cuda et al. (2009); Marsaro Júnior et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSchismus arabicus (Arabian schismus)PresentMissouri Botanical Garden (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSchizolobium parahyba (Brazilian fern tree)PresentNativeOviedo Prieto et al. (2012); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSechium edule (chayote)PresentIntroducedInvasiveZenni (2014); Yuki et al. (2000); Bezerra et al. (2016); Lima and Souza Filho (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSenecio jacobaea (common ragwort)PresentIntroducedHolm et al. (1979)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSenecio madagascariensis (fireweed)PresentMatzenbacher and Schneider (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSenna alata (candle bush)PresentNativeFlora do Brasil (2016); Lima and Zucchi (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSenna bacillaris (whitebark senna)PresentILDIS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSenna corymbosaPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSenna hirsuta (hairy senna)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSenna multijuga (November shower)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSenna obtusifolia (sicklepod)PresentNativeLorenzi (1982); Lima and Zucchi (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSenna occidentalis (coffee senna)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2016); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSenna septemtrionalis (smooth senna)PresentIntroducedIrwin and Barneby (1982); ILDIS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSenna siamea (yellow cassia)PresentIntroducedILDIS (2007)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSenna spectabilis (whitebark senna)PresentNativeForzza (2010); USDA-ARS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSesbania grandiflora (sesbania)PresentIntroducedGBIF (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSesbania punicea (red sesbania)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSesbania sesban (sesban)Present, PlantedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSetaria palmifolia (palm grass)PresentIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSetaria parviflora (knotroot foxtail)Present, WidespreadNativePensiero (1999); Holm et al. (1979)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSetaria verticillata (bristly foxtail)PresentIntroducedLorenzi (1982)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSida acuta (sida)PresentNativeHolm et al. (1977)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSida linifolia (flaxleaf fanpetals)PresentNativeMissouri Botanical Garden (2016); Flora do Brasil (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSilene gallica (common catchfly)PresentIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSilene latifolia subsp. alba (white campion)PresentIntroducedGBIF (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSilybum marianum (variegated thistle)PresentIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSinapis arvensis (wild mustard)PresentReis and Boiteux (2010)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSolanum americanumPresentCABI Data Mining (2011); Culik et al. (2013); Marsaro Júnior et al. (2015); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSolanum capsicastrumPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSolanum carolinense (horsenettle)PresentD'Arcy (1974)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSolanum elaeagnifolium (silverleaf nightshade)PresentIntroducedInvasiveCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSolanum mammosum (nipplefruit nightshade)PresentIntroducedForzza (2010); USDA-ARS (2014); Boiteux et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSolanum mauritianum (tobacco tree)Present, WidespreadNativeInvasiveLorenzi (1991); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSolanum nigrum (black nightshade)PresentAranha et al. (1982); CABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSolanum seaforthianum (Brazilian nightshade)PresentIntroducedStehmann et al. (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSolanum sisymbriifolium (sticky nightshade)PresentNativePOWO (2020); CABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSolanum torvum (turkey berry)PresentBarbosa et al. (2012); Moreira et al. (2010); Nurit-Silva et al. (2011); Silva et al. (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSolanum tuberosum (potato)PresentCasa-Coila et al. (2017); Cardoza et al. (2017); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSolanum viarum (tropical soda apple)PresentNativeGRIN (2008); Lourenção et al. (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSolidago canadensis (Canadian goldenrod)Present, LocalizedEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSoliva sessilisPresentNativeUSA, USDA-ARS (2010); GBIF (2009)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSonchus asper (spiny sow-thistle)PresentIntroducedInvasiveFonseca et al. (2013); Vieira and Barreto (2006)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedUSDA-ARS (2014); Usteri (1911); Vieira and Barreto (2006); Lourenção et al. (2008); Specht et al. (2015); Gobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSorghum halepense (Johnson grass)Present, LocalizedIntroducedHolm et al. (1991); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSpartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSpartina densifloraPresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSpartium junceum (Spanish broom)PresentIntroducedILDIS (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSpathodea campanulata (African tulip tree)Present, PlantedIntroducedMissouri Botanical Garden (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSpergula arvensis (corn spurry)Present, WidespreadHolm et al. (1991)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSpermacoce verticillata (shrubby false buttonwood)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2016); Mesquita et al. (2013); Carvalho et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSphagneticola trilobata (wedelia)PresentNativeUSA, USDA-ARS (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSpondias purpurea (red mombin)PresentCABI Data Mining (undated); Lemos et al. (2017); Santos et al. (2018); Vieira et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSporobolus indicus (rat tail grass)PresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSporobolus pyramidalis (giant rat’s tail grass)Present, WidespreadeMonocot (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSporobolus pyramidatus (whorled dropseed)PresentNativeMissouri Botanical Garden (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSporobolus tenuissimus (tropical dropseed)PresentNativeMissouri Botanical Garden (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaStachys arvensis (staggerweed)PresentInvasiveHolm et al. (1979)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaStachytarpheta cayennensis (blue snakeweed)Present, Few occurrencesNativeForzza (2010); Davidse et al. (2012); Carvalho et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaStachytarpheta jamaicensis (Jamaica vervain)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaStachytarpheta urticifolia (rattail)Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)Moldenke (1948); Moldenke (1980)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaStellaria media (common chickweed)Present, WidespreadHolm et al. (1977); Lorenzi (1982); Holm et al. (1991)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaStenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2013); CABI Data Mining (undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSterculia apetala (Panama tree)PresentNativeFlora do Brasil (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaStictocardia tiliifolia (spottedheart)PresentSpecht et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaStylosanthes hamata (Caribbean Stylo)PresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSynedrella nodiflora (synedrella)Present, WidespreadAranha et al. (1982); Friere et al. (1988); Holm et al. (1997)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSyngonium podophyllum (arrowhead vine)PresentNativeCroat (1981); Englberger (2009); Govaerts (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSyzygium cumini (black plum)Present, PlantedIntroducedMorton (1987); Pinho et al. (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaSyzygium jambos (rose apple)Present, PlantedIntroducedMorton (1987); Salazar Yepes and Carvalho Júnior (2013); Alvim et al. (2016); Soares et al. (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTabebuia rosea (pink poui)Present, Only in captivity/cultivationIntroducedFlora do Brasil (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTagetes erecta (Mexican marigold)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedNakajima (2015); Savaris et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTagetes minuta (stinking Roger)PresentNativeInvasiveHolm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTalinum paniculatumPresentCABI Data Mining (2011); Mesquita et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTamarindus indica (tamarind)PresentIntroducedLewis GP (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTaraxacum officinale complex (dandelion)PresentIntroducedHolm et al. (1997); Leite et al. (1997); Collier et al. (2001); Silva et al. (2001)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTecoma stans (yellow bells)PresentIntroducedInvasiveLorenzi (1991); Miranda et al. (2007)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTectona grandis (teak)Present, PlantedPeres Filho et al. (2006); Araújo Filho et al. (2012); Borges et al. (2014); Borges et al. (2015); Rosa et al. (2016); Peres-Filho et al. (2017); Borges et al. (2018); Cipriani et al. (2019); Osorio et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTephrosia candida (white tephrosia)Present, Few occurrencesIntroducedBrasil (1992); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTephrosia vogelii (Vogel's tephrosia)PresentIto et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTerminalia catappa (Singapore almond)PresentIntroducedInvasiveCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTetragonia tetragonioides (New Zealand spinach)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaThalia geniculata (alligator flag)PresentMesquita et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaThemeda quadrivalvis (grader grass)PresentIntroducedCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaThespesia populnea (portia tree)PresentMissouri Botanical Garden (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaThlaspi arvense (field pennycress)PresentIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaThunbergia alata (black eyed Susan)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaThunbergia erecta (bush clockvine)PresentAlves et al. (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaThunbergia fragrans (whitelady)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTibouchina herbacea (cane tibouchina)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTibouchina urvilleana (princessflower)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTithonia diversifolia (Mexican sunflower)PresentIntroducedInvasiveI3N-Brasil (2018); USDA-ARS (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTithonia rotundifolia (red sunflower)PresentIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaToona ciliata (toon)Present, PlantedSilva et al. (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaToxicodendron succedaneum (wax tree)PresentIntroducedInvasiveKubitzki (2010)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTrachelospermum jasminoides (star-jasmine)PresentMiranda et al. (2007)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTrachypogon spicatus (spiked crinkleawn)PresentNativeClayton et al. (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTradescantia fluminensis (wandering Jew)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2003); Macedo et al. (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTradescantia zebrina (wandering jew)PresentCABI (Undated); Trindade et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTriadica sebifera (Chinese tallow tree)PresentEPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTribulus terrestris (puncture vine)PresentHolm et al. (1979)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTridax procumbens (coat buttons)Present, LocalizedLorenzi (1982); EPPO (2020)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTriplaris americana (ant tree)PresentNativeFlora do Brasil (2016); Pires et al. (2015); USDA-ARS (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTripsacum dactyloides (eastern gamagrass)PresentIntroducedClayton et al. (2017)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTriumfetta rhomboidea (diamond burbark)Present, WidespreadNativeLay KK (1950)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTriumfetta semitriloba (burweed)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTropaeolum majus (common nasturtium)PresentGobatto et al. (2019); Duarte et al. (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTurbina corymbosa (Christmas vine)PresentNativeSimão-Bianchini and Ferreira (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTurnera ulmifolia (West Indian holly)PresentGracioso et al. (2002)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTypha angustifolia (lesser bulrush)PresentHolm et al. (1991)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTypha domingensis (southern cattail)PresentNativeMissouri Botanical Garden (2008)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaTypha latifolia (broadleaf cattail)PresentNativeUSA, USDA-ARS (2010)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaUlex europaeus (gorse)Present, Localized, PlantedIntroducedInvasiveILDIS (2007)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaUrena lobata (caesar weed)PresentFerraz (1979); Mesquita et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaUrochloa brizantha (palisadegrass)PresentCABI Data Mining (undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaUrochloa decumbens (signal grass)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaUrochloa distachya (signal grass)PresentIntroducedNew Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaUrochloa humidicola (koronivia grass)PresentCABI Data Mining (undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaUrochloa mutica (para grass)PresentIntroducedShirasuna (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaUrochloa platyphylla (broadleaf signalgrass)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaUrochloa reptans (sprawling signalgrass)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedUSDA-ARS (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaUrtica dioica (stinging nettle)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaUrtica urens (annual nettle)Present, WidespreadHolm et al. (1997)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaUtricularia gibbaPresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVerbena bonariensis (clusterflower vervain)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVerbena brasiliensisPresentCABI Data Mining (2011)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVerbena litoralis (blue vervain)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVerbena rigida (stiff verbena)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVerbesina encelioides (golden crownbeard)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVernicia fordii (tung-oil tree)PresentIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2014)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVicia villosa (hairy vetch)PresentIntroducedMissouri Botanical Garden (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVigna marina (beach bean)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVulpia bromoides (squirreltail fescue)PresentIntroducedUSDA-ARS (2012)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaVulpia myuros (annual fescue)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaWaltheria indicaPresentAlves et al. (2017); Carvalho et al. (2018)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaWisteria sinensis (Chinese wisteria)PresentIntroducedGBIF (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaXanthium spinosum (bathurst burr)PresentNativeUSDA-ARS (2013); Missouri Botanical Garden (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaXanthium strumarium (common cocklebur)PresentGobatto et al. (2019)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaXanthosoma sagittifolium (elephant ear)PresentNativeGovaerts (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaYoungia japonica (oriental false hawksbeard)PresentIntroducedNaturalizedRolim et al. (2015)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaYucca aloifolia (Spanish bayonet)Present, LocalizedIntroducedGBIF (2016)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaZelkova serrata (Japanese selkova)PresentCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaZingiber officinale (ginger)PresentMoreira et al. (2013)
EukaryotaPlantaeSpermatophytaZoysia matrella (Manila grass)PresentIntroducedPeterson et al. (2001)
EukaryotaPlantaeStreptophytaCampylopus introflexusPresentNativeFrahm (1975)
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaBabesiaPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaBabesia bigeminaPresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaBabesia bovisPresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaBabesia caballiPresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaBabesia equiPresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaGymnodinium catenatumPresent, LocalizedOliveira-Proença et al. (2001)
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaMikrocystos mackiniAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaPlasmodium relictumPresentNativeCABI (Undated)
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaTritrichomonas foetusPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaTrypanosoma equiperdumAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaTrypanosoma evansiPresentIntroducedInvasiveDesquesnes (2004)
EukaryotaProtistaProtozoaTrypanosoma vivaxPresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
VirusAfrican horse sickness virusAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
VirusArterivirusAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virusavian infectious bronchitis virusPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
VirusAvipoxvirusPresentReis and Nobrega (1937); OIE Handistatus (2005)
VirusBanana bunchy top virus (bunchy top of banana)Absent, Intercepted onlyOliveira et al. (2002)
VirusBanana streak diseasePresentNativeInvasiveDiekmann and Putter (1996); Brioso et al. (2000)
VirusBarley yellow dwarf viruses (barley yellow dwarf)PresentCaetano (1984); Ramirez (1990)
Virusbovine herpesvirus 1PresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
Virusbovine leukemia virusPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
Virusbovine viral diarrhea virusPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
Viruscaprine arthritis encephalitis virusPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
VirusChelonid herpesvirus 5Present, WidespreadRodenbusch et al. (2014)
VirusChrysanthemum stem necrosis virusPresentCABI and EPPO (2005); Duarte et al. (2014); EPPO (2020)
VirusCitrus leprosis virus C (leprosis of citrus)Present, WidespreadCABI/EPPO (2013); Locali-Fabris et al. (2006); Nunes et al. (2012); EPPO (2020)
VirusCowpea aphid-borne mosaic virusPresent, WidespreadPio-Ribeiro and Kuhn (1980); Lima et al. (1981); Pio-Ribeiro et al. (2000); Nascimento et al. (2004); Nascimento et al. (2006); CABI and EPPO (2010); Melo et al. (2015); Vidal et al. (2018)
VirusCowpea mild mottle virus (angular mosaic of beans)Present, LocalizedEPPO (2020); Almeida et al. (2005); Lamas et al. (2017); CABI and EPPO (2019)
Virusduck hepatitis A virusAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virusequine arteritis virusAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virusequine infectious anaemia virusPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
Virusequine influenzavirusPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
VirusGrapevine virus A (grapevine closterovirus)PresentCABI (Undated); Alabi et al. (2014)
Virusinfectious bursal disease virusPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
Virusinfectious haematopoietic necrosis virusAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virusinfectious myonecrosis virusPresentCosta et al. (2009)
Virusinfluenza A virusAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
VirusIris yellow spot virus (iris yellow spot)PresentIntroducedNagata et al. (1999); Pozzer et al. (1999); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2020)
VirusJapanese encephalitis virusAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
Viruslumpy skin disease virusAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
VirusMaize chlorotic mottle virusPresentCABI and EPPO (2014)
VirusMaize dwarf mosaic virus (dwarf mosaic of maize)PresentCABI and EPPO (2003)
Virusmyxoma virusAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
VirusNairobi sheep disease virusAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
VirusPapaya ringspot virusPresentCABI and EPPO (2003); Nakano et al. (2008)
VirusPassion fruit woodiness virus (passionfruit woodiness disease)AbsentCerqueira-Silva et al. (2014); Brunt et al. (1996)
VirusPepper mild mottle virus (PMMV)PresentCezar et al. (2003); Lima et al. (2011)
Viruspeste des petits ruminants virusAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
VirusPlum pox virus (sharka)Absent, Intercepted onlyEPPO (2020); Rezende et al. (2016);
VirusPotato spindle tuber viroid (spindle tuber of potato)Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s)Singh (1983); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2020)
Virusrabbit hemorrhagic disease virusAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virusrabies virusPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
VirusRift Valley fever virusAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virusspring viraemia of carp virusAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
VirusStrawberry vein banding virus (vein banding of strawberry)PresentCABI and EPPO (2002); EPPO (2020)
VirusSugarcane mosaic virus (sugarcane mosaic)PresentISSCT (1989); EPPO (2020)
VirusSuid herpesvirus 1PresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
VirusSweet potato feathery mottle virus (internal cork disease of sweet potato)PresentCABI and EPPO (2003); EPPO (2020)
Virusswine vesicular disease virusAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
VirusTaura syndrome virusAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
VirusVenezuelan equine encephalitis virusAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virusvesicular stomatitis virusPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
Virusviral hemorrhagic septicemia virusAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
Virusvisna/maedi virusAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
Viruswestern equine encephalitis virusAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
VirusWheat streak mosaic virus (wheat streak)PresentIntroducedMar et al. (2013)

List of Species CSV Output

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Generate a spreadsheet of the List of Species which also includes records from basic datasheets.

Basic datasheets include data mined from various sources (including the CAB Abstracts database and selected invasive species databases). Further confirmation of distribution status should be sought before use.

Download CSV file

List of Animal Diseases

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The table lists the animal diseases recorded in the Compendium for this region (from the full disease datasheets). For further information, please follow the link to the datasheet.

Disease Distribution Origin Invasive References
Acanthocephalan infections of fishPresentKnoff et al. (2001)
acarapisosis of honey beesPresentEPPO (2009); OIE (2009)
Actinobaculum suis infectionsPresentVaz et al. (1997)
actinomycosisPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
Aeromonas infection in fishPresentOIE (2009)
African horse sicknessAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
African swine feverAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
American foul broodPresentSchuch et al. (2003); OIE (2009)
anaplasmosisPresentHorn (1983); OIE Handistatus (2005)
anthraxPresentOIE (2009); Food & Agriculture Organization (1972); Langenegger (1994); OIE (1997)
atrophic rhinitis of swinePresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
Aujeszky's diseaseAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
avian chlamydiosisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
avian encephalomyelitisPresentFreitas and Back (2015)
avian infectious bronchitisPresentOIE (2009)
avian influenzaAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009); Resende et al. (1990)
avian leukosisPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum)PresentOIE (2009)
avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma synoviae)PresentOIE (2009); Balen and Fiorentin (1990)
avian trichomoniasisPresentCABI (Undated)
avipoxPresentReis and Nobrega (1937); OIE Handistatus (2005)
babesiosisPresentOIE (2009)
blacklegPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
bluetongueAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009); Hawkes (1996)
Bonamia roughleyi (Australian winter disease) of oystersAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
Borrelia anserina infectionsPresentAtaliba et al. (2007)
Bothriocephalus acheilognathi infectionPresent, LocalizedIntroducedRego et al. (1999)
botulismPresentSilva et al. (1998); OIE Handistatus (2005)
bovine anaplasmosisPresentOIE (2009)
bovine enterovirus infectionPresentCABI (Undated)
bovine genital campylobacteriosisPresentOIE (2009)
bovine herpesvirus 1 infectionsPresentOIE (2009)
bovine herpesvirus 2 infectionPresentScott (1989)
bovine herpesvirus 5 infectionPresentCarillo et al. (1983)
bovine papillomatosisPresentBezerra et al. (1994)
bovine parainfluenza 3 infectionPresent, WidespreadPizzol et al. (1989)
bovine parvovirus infectionPresentCABI (Undated)
bovine respiratory syncytial virus infectionPresentCABI (Undated)
bovine spongiform encephalopathyAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
bovine tuberculosisPresentOIE (2009)
bovine venereal trichomonosisPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
bovine viral diarrhoeaPresentOIE (2009)
BP virus diseaseAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
brucellosis (Brucella abortus)PresentOIE (2009)
brucellosis (Brucella melitensis)Absent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
brucellosis (Brucella ovis)Absent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
brucellosis (Brucella suis)Absent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
bubonic leishmaniasisPresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
Burkholderia pseudomallei infectionsAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
camel poxAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
caprine arthritis encephalitisPresentOIE (2009)
caseous lymphadenitisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
chicken anaemiaPresent, WidespreadBrentano et al. (1991)
chlamydial infections of livestock and poultryPresentRaso et al. (2002)
chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasePresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
ChytridiomycosisPresentCABI (Undated)
classical swine feverPresentOIE (2009); CABI (Undated)
Clostridium perfringens enteritis and enterotoxaemiaPresentAzevado et al. (1998); OIE Handistatus (2005)
coccidiosisPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
Cochliomyia hominivorax infestationPresentOIE (2009)
contagious bovine pleuropneumoniaAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
contagious caprine pleuropneumoniaAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
contagious equine metritisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
crayfish plagueAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic feverAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
cryptosporidiosis in livestock and poultryPresent, WidespreadLima et al. (1992); Newman et al. (1993); Newman et al. (1994); Pena et al. (1997); Newman et al. (1999); Cabral et al. (2001); Silva et al. (2003); CABI (Undated)
Denman island diseaseAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
dermatophilosisPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
Dichelobacter nodosus infectionPresentRibeiro (1994); CABI (Undated)
dourineAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
duck viral enteritisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
duck virus hepatitisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
EchinococcusPresent, LocalizedOIE (2009)
Echinococcus granulosusPresentCABI Data Mining (2001)
Edwardsiella septicaemia (Edwardsiella tarda infection)PresentMuratori et al. (2000)
encephalomyocarditisPresentRoehe et al. (1985)
enzootic abortion of ewesAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
enzootic bovine leukosisPresentOIE (2009); OIE (1999)
eperythrozoonosis in pigsPresentLopes et al. (1982)
epitheliocystisPresentSzakolczai et al. (1999)
epizootic haematopoietic necrosisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
epizootic lymphangitisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
epizootic ulcerative syndromeAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
equine coital exanthemaAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern)Absent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
equine infectious anaemiaPresentOIE (2009)
equine influenzaPresentOIE (2009)
equine piroplasmosisPresentOIE (2009)
equine rhinopneumonitisPresentOIE (2009)
equine viral arteritisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
Escherichia coli infectionsPresentCastro et al. (1984); Silva et al. (1994); Mores et al. (1998)
European foul broodPresentSchotman (1989); Bailey (1984); OIE (2009)
fibropapillomatosis of sea turtlesPresent, WidespreadRodenbusch et al. (2014)
foot-and-mouth disease in ruminantsAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009); Kitching (1998); OIE Handistatus (2004)
fowl choleraPresentOIE (2009)
fowl typhoidPresentOIE (2009)
fowlpoxPresentFallavena et al. (1993); Back et al. (1995)
Fusobacterium necrophorum infectionsPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
giardiasisPresentVargas et al. (1994); Rigolon and Vargas (1996)
glandersPresentOIE (2009)
Glässer's diseasePresentSantos et al. (1997)
Gyrodactylus salaris infectionAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
haemorrhagic septicaemiaAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
haplosporidiosis of pacific oystersAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
heartwaterAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
hepatitis E virus infectionPresent, WidespreadGardinali et al. (2012); Costa Lana et al. (2014)
Hirudinea as vectors and disease agents in fishPresentLainson (1981)
horse poxAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
Infection with Senecavirus APresentLeme et al. (2016)
infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitisPresent, WidespreadBedford (1992)
infectious bursal diseasePresentOIE (2009)
infectious coryzaPresentOIE Handistatus (2005)
infectious haematopoietic necrosisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
infectious laryngotracheitisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
infectious myonecrosisPresentCosta et al. (2009)
infectious salmon anaemiaAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
Japanese encephalitisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced mastitisPresentSilva and Costa (2001); CABI (Undated)
koi herpesvirus diseaseAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
leishmaniosisPresentOIE (2009)
leptospirosisPresentOIE (2009)
lumpy skin diseaseAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
Mannheimia haemolytica infectionsPresent, LocalizedCABI (Undated)
Marek's diseasePresentOIE (2009)
Monogenean infections of fishPresentSantos et al. (2000)
mycobacteriosis in fishPresentCABI (Undated)
Mycoplasma agalactiae infectionsAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
Mycoplasma bovigenitalium infectionsPresentPardo et al. (1998)
Mycoplasma bovirhinis bovine respiratory diseasePresent, WidespreadNascimento et al. (1998)
Mycoplasma bovis infectionsPresentMettifogo et al. (1996)
Mycoplasma dispar infectionsPresentMarques et al. (2007)
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (LC) infectionsPresentNascimento et al. (1986)
myxomatosisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
Myxozoan infections of fishPresentMartins and Souza (1997); CABI (Undated)
Nairobi sheep diseaseAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
necrotizing hepatopancreatitisPresentGomes et al. (2010)
nematodes in fishPresentFREITAS and LENT (1946)
neosporosisPresentCABI (Undated)
Newcastle diseaseAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
Nipah virus infectionAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
Oncorhynchus masou virus diseaseAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
oomycete infections in fishPresentCABI (Undated)
paratuberculosisPresentWhittington et al. (2019); CABI (Undated)
peste des petits ruminantsAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
Philornis downsi infestationPresentCABI (Undated)
Plasmodium relictum infectionPresentNativeCABI (Undated)
porcine enterovirus infectionsAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
porcine intestinal spirochaetosisPresentBarcellos et al. (2000)
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndromeAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
proliferative enteropathyPresentAlberton et al. (2011)
pullorum diseasePresentOIE (2009)
rabbit haemorrhagic diseaseAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
rabiesPresentOIE (2009)
red sea bream iridoviral diseaseAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
Rhodococcus equi infectionsPresentRibeiro et al. (2011)
Rift Valley feverAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
rinderpestAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
rotavirus infections in livestock and poultryPresent, WidespreadGabbay et al. (2003); Alfieri et al. (2004)
Sapelovirus A infectionsPresentDonin et al. (2015)
scrapiePresentOIE (2009); Ribeiro and Rodrigues (2001); CABI (Undated)
sheep and goat poxAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
small hive beetle infestationAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
spherical baculovirosisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
spring viraemia of carpPresentCABI (Undated)
Staphylococcus aureus infectionsPresent, WidespreadDomingues et al. (1996)
Staphylococcus hyicus infectionPresentFreitas et al. (1985); Barcellos et al. (1989); Sobestiansky et al. (1989)
stranglesAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
Streptococcus and Enterococcus infections in pigs (and ruminants)PresentGarcia and Schonhofen (1988)
Streptococcus and Enterococcus infections in poultryPresentCABI (Undated)
surraPresentIntroducedInvasiveDesquesnes (2004); OIE (2009)
swine dysenteryAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
swine influenzaPresentCABI (Undated)
swine vesicular diseaseAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
Taura syndromeAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
theileriosisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
torovirus infectionsPresentNogueira et al. (2013)
transmissible gastroenteritis and porcine respiratory coronovirus infectionAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
TrichinellaAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE Handistatus (2005)
trichomonosisPresentOIE (2009)
Tropilaelaps infestation of honey beesAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
trypanosomosisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
tuberculosisPresentThoen (1999); OIE Handistatus (2005)
tularaemiaAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
turkey rhinotracheitisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
Ureaplasma infectionsPresentViana (1990)
varroosis of honey beesAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009); Alves et al. (1975); Moretto and Leonidas (2003)
Venezuelan equine encephalitisAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
vesicular stomatitisPresentOIE (2009); Federer et al. (1967)
viral haemorrhagic septicaemiaAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
visna/maediAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
West Nile feverAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
white spot diseaseAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
yellow head diseaseAbsent, No presence record(s)OIE (2009)
yersiniosisPresentCABI (Undated)

List of Animal Diseases CSV Output

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Generate a spreadsheet of the List of Animal Diseases which also includes records from basic datasheets.

Basic datasheets include data mined from various sources (including the CAB Abstracts database). Further confirmation of distribution status should be sought before use.

Download CSV file

Agricultural Production

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2011-2007 | 2006-2002
crop20112010200920082007
Apples Area Harvested 38077 38723 38205 38072 37832
Apples Production Quantity 1339000 1279120 1222890 1124160 1115380
Apples Yield 351656 Fc 330326 Fc 320086 Fc 295272 Fc 294824 Fc
Avocados Area Harvested 10753 11111 8411 9453 9774
Avocados Production Quantity 160376 153189 139089 147214 154096
Avocados Yield 149145 Fc 137871 Fc 165366 Fc 155733 Fc 157659 Fc
Bananas Area Harvested 503354 487790 479614 513097 515346
Bananas Production Quantity 7329470 6969310 6783480 6998150 7098350
Bananas Yield 145613 Fc 142875 Fc 141436 Fc 136390 Fc 137740 Fc
Barley Area Harvested 88236 84118 77452 79270 100298
Barley Production Quantity 303872 278558 201249 236912 235577
Barley Seed 8823.6 Fc 8823.6 Fc 8411.8 Fc 7745.2 Fc 7927 Fc
Barley Yield 34438.6 Fc 33115.2 Fc 25983.7 Fc 29886.7 Fc 23487.7 Fc
Beans, dry Area Harvested 3673160 3423650 4099990 3781910 3788280
Beans, dry Production Quantity 3435370 3158910 3486760 3461190 3169360
Beans, dry Seed 156317 Fc 156317 Fc 146222 Fc 171107 Fc 158701 Fc
Beans, dry Yield 9352.63 Fc 9226.73 Fc 8504.31 Fc 9151.96 Fc 8366.22 Fc
Brazil nuts, with shell Production Quantity 40357 F 40357 37467 30815 30406
Broad beans, horse beans, dry Area Harvested 37132 27728 45276 41785 34797
Broad beans, horse beans, dry Production Quantity 16680 7349 20702 19890 15731
Broad beans, horse beans, dry Seed 3163.96 Fc 3163.96 Fc 2535.13 Fc 3861.64 Fc 3570.34 Fc
Broad beans, horse beans, dry Yield 4492.08 Fc 2650.39 Fc 4572.4 Fc 4760.08 Fc 4520.79 Fc
Buckwheat Area Harvested 46000 F 45900 Im 49653 Im 51130 Im 48000 F
Buckwheat Production Quantity 57000 F 56700 Im 53487 Im 59721 Im 52000 F
Buckwheat Seed 2760 Fc 2760 Fc 2754 Fc 2979.18 Fc 3067.8 Fc
Buckwheat Yield 12391.3 Fc 12352.9 Fc 10772.2 Fc 11680.2 Fc 10833.3 Fc
Cashew nuts, with shell Area Harvested 764472 758988 758085 747434 731412
Cashew nuts, with shell Production Quantity 230785 104342 220505 243253 140675
Cashew nuts, with shell Yield 3018.88 Fc 1374.75 Fc 2908.71 Fc 3254.51 Fc 1923.33 Fc
Cashewapple Area Harvested 618542 Im 602395 Im 591211 Im 622371 Im 621363 Im
Cashewapple Production Quantity 1788310 Im 1694160 Im 1622620 Im 1690660 Im 1714060 Im
Cashewapple Yield 28911.7 Fc 28123.7 Fc 27445.7 Fc 27164.8 Fc 27585.5 Fc
Cassava Area Harvested 1741230 1787470 1760580 1888860 1894460
Cassava Production Quantity 25441700 24496300 24404000 26703000 26541200
Cassava Yield 146113 Fc 137045 Fc 138613 Fc 141371 Fc 140099 Fc
Castor oil seed Area Harvested 208476 151865 159409 157626 163034
Castor oil seed Production Quantity 120166 95183 91076 122140 98142
Castor oil seed Seed 3165.33 Fc 3165.33 Fc 2357.8 Fc 2488.92 Fc 2454.95 Fc
Castor oil seed Yield 5764.02 Fc 6267.61 Fc 5713.35 Fc 7748.72 Fc 6019.73 Fc
Cereals (Rice Milled Eqv + (Total) Area Harvested 19215700 A 18600500 A 20080300 A 20818400 A 19543800 A
Cereals (Rice Milled Eqv + (Total) Production Quantity 73098600 A 71419800 A 66700900 A 75735300 A 65758400 A
Cereals (Rice Milled Eqv + (Total) Seed 782572 A 782572 A 759460 A 818370 A 825354 A
Cereals (Rice Milled Eqv + (Total) Yield 38041 Fc 38396.8 Fc 33217.1 Fc 36379.1 Fc 33646.7 Fc
Cereals,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 19215700 A 18600500 A 20080300 A 20818400 A 19543800 A
Cereals,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 77586400 A 75161400 A 70913700 A 79751800 A 69441600 A
Cereals,Total + (Total) Seed 782572 A 782572 A 759460 A 818370 A 825354 A
Cereals,Total + (Total) Yield 40376.5 Fc 40408.3 Fc 35315.1 Fc 38308.4 Fc 35531.3 Fc
Chestnuts Production Quantity F F F F F
Citrus Fruit,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 922083 A 897213 A 887184 A 938723 A 930591 A
Citrus Fruit,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 22017700 A 20717000 A 19680900 A 20654200 A 20981300 A
Citrus Fruit,Total + (Total) Yield 238782 Fc 230904 Fc 221836 Fc 220024 Fc 225462 Fc
Coarse Grain, Total + (Total) Area Harvested 14324600 A 13696400 A 14778000 A 15603800 A 14799600 A
Coarse Grain, Total + (Total) Production Quantity 58419400 A 57754100 A 53207100 A 61663100 A 54266800 A
Coarse Grain, Total + (Total) Seed 380613 A 380613 A 362792 A 390279 A 404526 A
Coarse Grain, Total + (Total) Yield 40782.5 Fc 42167.3 Fc 36004.3 Fc 39518 Fc 36667.7 Fc
Cocoa beans Area Harvested 680484 660711 635975 641337 628928
Cocoa beans Production Quantity 248524 235389 218487 202030 201651
Cocoa beans Yield 3652.17 Fc 3562.66 Fc 3435.47 Fc 3150.14 Fc 3206.27 Fc
Coconuts Area Harvested 270541 275091 284058 287016 283205
Coconuts Production Quantity 2943650 2843450 2960050 3223980 2831000
Coconuts Yield 108806 Fc 103364 Fc 104206 Fc 112328 Fc 99962.9 Fc
Coffee, green Area Harvested 2148780 2159790 2135510 2222220 2264130
Coffee, green Production Quantity 2700440 2907270 2440060 2796930 2249010
Coffee, green Yield 12567.3 Fc 13460.9 Fc 11426.1 Fc 12586.2 Fc 9933.22 Fc
Cotton lint Production Quantity 1673340 * 973449 * 956189 * 1314450 * 1356570 *
Cottonseed Production Quantity 3194550 * 1858400 * 1825450 * 2509400 * 2589820 *
Cottonseed Seed 70045.3 Fc 70045.3 Fc 41487.6 Fc 40584.3 Fc 53190.9 Fc
Fibre Crops Nes Production Quantity 93231 Im 80885 Im 91353 Im 109104 Im 112182 Im
Fibre Crops Primary + (Total) Area Harvested 1699120 A 1105330 A 1095130 A 1356860 A 1420600 A
Fibre Crops Primary + (Total) Production Quantity 2068000 A 1315850 A 1342900 A 1684250 A 1740870 A
Fibre Crops Primary + (Total) Yield 12171 Fc 11904.6 Fc 12262.5 Fc 12412.8 Fc 12254.5 Fc
Figs Area Harvested 3041 2933 2886 2859 2850
Figs Production Quantity 26233 25727 24146 22565 23225
Figs Yield 86264.4 Fc 87715.6 Fc 83666 Fc 78926.2 Fc 81491.2 Fc
Fruit excl Melons,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 2447000 A 2383120 A 2338870 A 2462140 A 2458090 A
Fruit excl Melons,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 40949300 A 38793300 A 37155300 A 38789800 A 39249100 A
Fruit excl Melons,Total + (Total) Yield 167345 Fc 162784 Fc 158860 Fc 157545 Fc 159673 Fc
Fruit, tropical fresh nes Area Harvested 61631 62177 50795 48752 46866
Fruit, tropical fresh nes Production Quantity 923035 922334 713515 684376 664286
Fruit, tropical fresh nes Yield 149768 Fc 148340 Fc 140470 Fc 140379 Fc 141742 Fc
Garlic Area Harvested 12928 10450 10063 10228 11258
Garlic Production Quantity 143293 104124 86752 91714 99002
Garlic Seed 6465 Fc 6465 Fc 5225.5 Fc 5081.5 Fc 5114 Fc
Garlic Yield 110839 Fc 99640.2 Fc 86208.9 Fc 89669.5 Fc 87939.2 Fc
Grapefruit (inc. pomelos) Area Harvested 4280 Im 4168 Im 4091 Im 4307 Im 4300 F
Grapefruit (inc. pomelos) Production Quantity 75119 Im 71164 Im 68159 Im 71017 Im 72000 F
Grapefruit (inc. pomelos) Yield 175512 Fc 170739 Fc 166607 Fc 164887 Fc 167442 Fc
Grapes Area Harvested 84338 81518 81355 79946 78273
Grapes Production Quantity 1542070 1355460 1365490 1421430 1371560
Grapes Yield 182844 Fc 166277 Fc 167843 Fc 177799 Fc 175228 Fc
Groundnuts, with shell Area Harvested 106679 94329 94325 121456 113776
Groundnuts, with shell Production Quantity 311459 261455 255662 312802 263440
Groundnuts, with shell Seed 4287.72 Fc 4287.72 Fc 3786.8 Fc 3777.6 Fc 4858.28 Fc
Groundnuts, with shell Yield 29195.9 Fc 27717.3 Fc 27104.4 Fc 25754.3 Fc 23154.3 Fc
Gums Natural Production Quantity 55 F 55 F 55 F 55 F 55 F
Jute Area Harvested 855 723 599 710 4501
Jute Production Quantity 1054 934 802 804 6362
Jute Yield 12327.5 Fc 12918.4 Fc 13389 Fc 11323.9 Fc 14134.6 Fc
Jute & Jute-like Fibres + (Total) Area Harvested 12118 A 11193 A 10014 A 10140 A 16916 A
Jute & Jute-like Fibres + (Total) Production Quantity 16665 A 14150 A 14856 A 13429 A 25658 A
Jute & Jute-like Fibres + (Total) Yield 13752.3 Fc 12641.8 Fc 14835.2 Fc 13243.6 Fc 15167.9 Fc
Lemons and limes Area Harvested 47267 42779 41029 43922 45410
Lemons and limes Production Quantity 1126740 1020740 899821 965333 1018700
Lemons and limes Yield 238378 Fc 238608 Fc 219313 Fc 219783 Fc 224334 Fc
Linseed Area Harvested 11190 16584 13037 12245 16223
Linseed Production Quantity 11046 16159 9873 11333 14722
Linseed Seed F F F F F
Linseed Yield 9871.31 Fc 9743.73 Fc 7573.06 Fc 9255.21 Fc 9074.77 Fc
Maize Area Harvested 13218900 12678900 13654700 14444600 13767400
Maize Production Quantity 55660400 55364300 50719800 58933300 52112200
Maize Seed 340135 Fc 340135 Fc 324077 Fc 353608 Fc 368681 Fc
Maize Yield 42106.7 Fc 43666.5 Fc 37144.6 Fc 40799.5 Fc 37851.9 Fc
Mangoes, mangosteens, guavas Area Harvested 76383 75179 75178 74003 75911
Mangoes, mangosteens, guavas Production Quantity 1249520 1189650 1197690 1154650 1272180
Mangoes, mangosteens, guavas Yield 163586 Fc 158242 Fc 159314 Fc 156027 Fc 167588 Fc
Maté Area Harvested 71185 68183 70588 71217 74526
Maté Production Quantity 443635 430305 443126 434727 438474
Maté Yield 62321.4 Fc 63110.3 Fc 62776.4 Fc 61042.6 Fc 58835 Fc
Natural rubber Area Harvested 134947 124946 128900 124933 114842
Natural rubber Production Quantity 164498 133981 126973 120905 111407
Natural rubber Yield 12189.8 Fc 10723.1 Fc 9850.5 Fc 9677.59 Fc 9700.89 Fc
Nuts, nes Area Harvested 3766 Im 3739 Im 3733 Im 3678 Im 3600
Nuts, nes Production Quantity 3300 F 3300 F 3254 Im 3550 Im 2600
Nuts, nes Yield 8762.61 Fc 8825.89 Fc 8716.85 Fc 9651.98 Fc 7222.22 Fc
Oats Area Harvested 172127 173455 134040 117058 136955
Oats Production Quantity 373009 395056 252503 238516 237801
Oats Seed 17232.7 Fc 17232.7 Fc 17345.5 Fc 13459 Fc 11705.8 Fc
Oats Yield 21670.6 Fc 22775.7 Fc 18837.9 Fc 20375.9 Fc 17363.4 Fc
Oil palm fruit Area Harvested 109080 106420 103904 103158 66000 F
Oil palm fruit Production Quantity 1301190 1292710 1122400 1091100 660000 F
Oil palm fruit Yield 119288 Fc 121472 Fc 108023 Fc 105770 Fc 100000 Fc
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total) Area Harvested 25979600 A 24779000 A 23178800 A 22991400 A 22285300 A
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total) Production Quantity 61287900 A 55809400 A 46754500 A 49121500 A 47521200 A
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total) Seed 797296 A 797296 A 760718 A 710403 A 701355 A
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total) Yield 23590.8 Fc 22522.9 Fc 20171.3 Fc 21365.2 Fc 21324 Fc
Oilcrops Primary + (Total) Area Harvested 26188300 A 24931000 A 23338300 A 23149200 A 22448500 A
Oilcrops Primary + (Total) Production Quantity 14933300 A 13582300 A 11504000 A 12102800 A 11637800 A
Oilcrops Primary + (Total) Seed 187215 A 187215 A 177253 A 165805 A 164638 A
Oilcrops Primary + (Total) Yield 5702.3 Fc 5447.97 Fc 4929.24 Fc 5228.18 Fc 5184.22 Fc
Oilseeds, Nes Production Quantity 24520 Im 22073 Im 18729 Im 19909 Im 19383 Im
Olives Area Harvested 43 22 F 6 F 6 6
Olives Production Quantity 77 38 F 1 F 1 1
Olives Yield 17907 Fc 17272.7 Fc 1666.67 Fc 1666.67 Fc 1666.67 Fc
Onions, dry Area Harvested 63481 70429 66013 65164 63622
Onions, dry Production Quantity 1523320 1753310 1511850 1367070 1360300
Onions, dry Yield 239965 Fc 248947 Fc 229023 Fc 209789 Fc 213810 Fc
Oranges Area Harvested 817292 792753 787250 836602 821244
Oranges Production Quantity 19811100 18503100 17618500 18538100 18685000
Oranges Yield 242399 Fc 233403 Fc 223798 Fc 221588 Fc 227521 Fc
Other Bastfibres Area Harvested 11263 10470 9415 9430 12415
Other Bastfibres Production Quantity 15611 13216 14054 12625 19296
Other Bastfibres Yield 13860.4 Fc 12622.7 Fc 14927.2 Fc 13388.1 Fc 15542.5 Fc
Other melons (inc.cantaloupes) Area Harvested 19695 18861 17544 15746 21576
Other melons (inc.cantaloupes) Production Quantity 499330 478392 402959 340464 495323
Other melons (inc.cantaloupes) Yield 253531 Fc 253641 Fc 229685 Fc 216223 Fc 229571 Fc
Palm kernels Production Quantity 208900 F 208900 Im 180000 F 150000 F 130000 F
Palm oil Production Quantity 270000 * 250000 * 240000 * 210000 * 190000 *
Papayas Area Harvested 35531 34417 34213 36585 34779
Papayas Production Quantity 1854340 1871960 1792590 1890290 1811540
Papayas Yield 521894 Fc 543906 Fc 523950 Fc 516684 Fc 520872 Fc
Peaches and nectarines Area Harvested 20148 20290 19043 21320 22398
Peaches and nectarines Production Quantity 222180 222402 216236 239149 185959
Peaches and nectarines Yield 110274 Fc 109612 Fc 113551 Fc 112171 Fc 83024.8 Fc
Pears Area Harvested 1750 1535 1394 1609 1650
Pears Production Quantity 20532 16397 14856 17391 17074
Pears Yield 117326 Fc 106821 Fc 106571 Fc 108086 Fc 103479 Fc
Peas, dry Area Harvested 1538 2569 3040 2068 1727
Peas, dry Production Quantity 3901 5909 6865 4729 3844
Peas, dry Yield 25364.1 Fc 23001.2 Fc 22582.2 Fc 22867.5 Fc 22258.3 Fc
Pepper (Piper spp.) Area Harvested 21089 23263 27415 29549 32857
Pepper (Piper spp.) Production Quantity 44610 52137 65398 69600 77770
Pepper (Piper spp.) Yield 21153.2 Fc 22412 Fc 23854.8 Fc 23554.1 Fc 23669.2 Fc
Persimmons Area Harvested 8349 8755 8638 8797 8065
Persimmons Production Quantity 154625 167215 171555 173297 159851
Persimmons Yield 185202 Fc 190994 Fc 198605 Fc 196996 Fc 198203 Fc
Pineapples Area Harvested 62481 58507 60176 65982 71823
Pineapples Production Quantity 2318120 2205590 2206490 2568550 2676420
Pineapples Yield 371012 Fc 376979 Fc 366673 Fc 389280 Fc 372641 Fc
Potatoes Area Harvested 149212 137044 138692 144916 147719
Potatoes Production Quantity 3917230 3547510 3443710 3676940 3550510
Potatoes Seed 268726 Fc 268726 Fc 262228 Fc 249986 Fc 260854 Fc
Potatoes Yield 262528 Fc 258859 Fc 248299 Fc 253729 Fc 240356 Fc
Pulses,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 3711830 A 3453950 A 4148310 A 3825760 A 3824800 A
Pulses,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 3455950 A 3172170 A 3514330 A 3485810 A 3188940 A
Pulses,Total + (Total) Seed 159481 A 159481 A 148757 A 174969 A 162271 A
Pulses,Total + (Total) Yield 9310.64 Fc 9184.18 Fc 8471.72 Fc 9111.41 Fc 8337.51 Fc
Pyrethrum,Dried Production Quantity
Quinces Area Harvested 160 209 211 197 196
Quinces Production Quantity 780 964 975 905 931
Quinces Yield 48750 Fc 46124.4 Fc 46208.5 Fc 45939.1 Fc 47500 Fc
Ramie Area Harvested 369 369 151 447 394
Ramie Production Quantity 971 831 499 1023 1072
Ramie Yield 26314.4 Fc 22520.3 Fc 33046.4 Fc 22885.9 Fc 27208.1 Fc
Rapeseed Area Harvested 42000 * 46000 * 31000 * 33000 * 32000 *
Rapeseed Production Quantity 52000 * 70000 * 42000 * 44000 * 42000 *
Rapeseed Seed 210 Fc 210 Fc 230 Fc 155 Fc 165 Fc
Rapeseed Yield 12381 Fc 15217.4 Fc 13548.4 Fc 13333.3 Fc 13125 Fc
Rice, paddy Area Harvested 2752890 2722460 2872040 2850680 2890930
Rice, paddy Production Quantity 13477000 11236000 12651100 12061500 11060700
Rice, paddy Seed 217004 Fc 217004 Fc 211141 Fc 220795 Fc 218066 Fc
Rice, paddy Yield 48955.8 Fc 41271.5 Fc 44049.2 Fc 42311 Fc 38260 Fc
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 1959320 A 1991770 A 1966640 A 2106240 A 2113060 A
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 30147900 A 28772000 A 28556400 A 31180900 A 30871200 A
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total) Seed 268726 A 268726 A 262228 A 249986 A 260854 A
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total) Yield 153869 Fc 144455 Fc 145204 Fc 148040 Fc 146097 Fc
Rye Area Harvested 2341 2343 3629 4748 3866
Rye Production Quantity 3519 3165 3921 6085 4620
Rye Seed 234.1 Fc 234.1 Fc 234.3 Fc 362.9 Fc 474.8 Fc
Rye Yield 15032 Fc 13508.3 Fc 10804.6 Fc 12815.9 Fc 11950.3 Fc
Seed cotton Area Harvested 1400910 829753 811686 1063820 1125260
Seed cotton Production Quantity 5070720 2949850 2897540 3983180 4110820
Seed cotton Yield 36195.9 Fc 35550.9 Fc 35697.8 Fc 37442.2 Fc 36532.2 Fc
Sesame seed Area Harvested 8000 * 7000 * 9000 * 10000 * 11000 *
Sesame seed Production Quantity 5000 * 5000 * 6000 * 7000 * 7000 *
Sesame seed Seed 80 Fc 80 Fc 70 Fc 90 Fc 100 Fc
Sesame seed Yield 6250 Fc 7142.86 Fc 6666.67 Fc 7000 Fc 6363.64 Fc
Sisal Area Harvested 285724 264016 273277 282452 278027
Sisal Production Quantity 283797 246535 280005 246239 245389
Sisal Yield 9932.56 Fc 9337.88 Fc 10246.2 Fc 8717.91 Fc 8826.09 Fc
Sorghum Area Harvested 757410 661180 793027 831354 662994
Sorghum Production Quantity 1931140 1532060 1853930 2004010 1440750
Sorghum Seed 11427.7 Fc 11427.7 Fc 9969.64 Fc 12125 Fc 12669.9 Fc
Sorghum Yield 25496.6 Fc 23171.6 Fc 23377.9 Fc 24105.4 Fc 21731 Fc
Soybeans Area Harvested 23968700 23327300 21750500 21246300 20565300
Soybeans Production Quantity 74815400 68756300 57345400 59833100 57857200
Soybeans Seed 961296 Fc 961296 Fc 933564 Fc 870471 Fc 850109 Fc
Soybeans Yield 31213.8 Fc 29474.6 Fc 26365.1 Fc 28161.7 Fc 28133.4 Fc
Strawberries Area Harvested 376 Im 366 Im 359 Im 378 Im 377 Im
Strawberries Production Quantity 3016 Im 2857 Im 2736 Im 2852 Im 2891 Im
Strawberries Yield 80212.8 Fc 78060.1 Fc 76211.7 Fc 75449.7 Fc 76684.4 Fc
Sugar cane Area Harvested 9601320 9076710 8617560 8140090 7080920
Sugar cane Production Quantity 734006000 717464000 691606000 645300000 549707000
Sugar cane Yield 764484 Fc 790445 Fc 802554 Fc 792743 Fc 776321 Fc
Sunflower seed Area Harvested 62535 76492 81267 114375 72548
Sunflower seed Production Quantity 77932 86608 100905 148297 104923
Sunflower seed Seed 750.42 Fc 750.42 Fc 917.9 Fc 975.2 Fc 1372.5 Fc
Sunflower seed Yield 12462.1 Fc 11322.5 Fc 12416.5 Fc 12965.9 Fc 14462.6 Fc
Sweet potatoes Area Harvested 43843 41802 42241 45552 43879
Sweet potatoes Production Quantity 544820 495182 477472 548438 529531
Sweet potatoes Yield 124266 Fc 118459 Fc 113035 Fc 120398 Fc 120680 Fc
Tangerines, mandarins, clem. Area Harvested 53244 57513 54814 53892 59637
Tangerines, mandarins, clem. Production Quantity 1004730 1122010 1094430 1079700 1205580
Tangerines, mandarins, clem. Yield 188703 Fc 195088 Fc 199662 Fc 200345 Fc 202153 Fc
Tea Area Harvested 2291 2399 2597 2597 311
Tea Production Quantity 3520 4278 4686 4752 1083
Tea Yield 15364.5 Fc 17832.4 Fc 18043.9 Fc 18298 Fc 34823.2 Fc
Tobacco, unmanufactured Area Harvested 454635 449629 442397 432182 459481
Tobacco, unmanufactured Production Quantity 951933 787817 863079 851058 908679
Tobacco, unmanufactured Yield 20938.4 Fc 17521.5 Fc 19509.2 Fc 19692.1 Fc 19776.2 Fc
Tomatoes Area Harvested 71473 67892 67605 60912 58404
Tomatoes Production Quantity 4416650 4106850 4310480 3867660 3431230
Tomatoes Yield 617947 Fc 604909 Fc 637598 Fc 634959 Fc 587499 Fc
Treenuts,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 770673 A 765200 A 764010 A 752726 A 736678 A
Treenuts,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 280171 A 153318 A 265797 A 279932 A 175906 A
Treenuts,Total + (Total) Yield 3635.41 Fc 2003.63 Fc 3478.97 Fc 3718.91 Fc 2387.83 Fc
Triticale Area Harvested 39628 50543 65505 75640 80107
Triticale Production Quantity 90469 124277 122212 184604 183871
Triticale Yield 22829.6 Fc 24588.4 Fc 18656.9 Fc 24405.6 Fc 22953.2 Fc
Tung Nuts Area Harvested 123 123 126 163 173
Tung Nuts Production Quantity 343 318 322 403 425
Tung Nuts Yield 27886.2 Fc 25853.7 Fc 25555.6 Fc 24723.9 Fc 24566.5 Fc
Vegetables fresh nes Area Harvested 221592 Im 237000 F 230000 F 210000 F 210000 F
Vegetables fresh nes Production Quantity 2829820 Im 2737780 Im 2650000 F 2410000 F 2410000 F
Vegetables fresh nes Yield 127704 Fc 115518 Fc 115217 Fc 114762 Fc 114762 Fc
Vegetables Primary + (Total) Area Harvested 486887 A 499578 A 484951 A 450239 A 461416 A
Vegetables Primary + (Total) Production Quantity 11611000 A 11233400 A 11027200 A 10072100 A 9888490 A
Vegetables Primary + (Total) Seed 6465 A 6465 A 5225.5 A 5081.5 A 5114 A
Vegetables Primary + (Total) Yield 238475 Fc 224858 Fc 227388 Fc 223706 Fc 214307 Fc
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total) Area Harvested 486887 A 499578 A 484951 A 450239 A 461416 A
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total) Production Quantity 11611000 A 11233400 A 11027200 A 10072100 A 9888490 A
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total) Seed 6465 A 6465 A 5225.5 A 5081.5 A 5114 A
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total) Yield 238475 Fc 224858 Fc 227388 Fc 223706 Fc 214307 Fc
Walnuts, with shell Area Harvested 2435 2473 2192 1614 1666
Walnuts, with shell Production Quantity 5729 5319 4571 2314 2225
Walnuts, with shell Yield 23527.7 Fc 21508.3 Fc 20853.1 Fc 14337 Fc 13355.3 Fc
Watermelons Area Harvested 97718 94946 93726 88189 96556
Watermelons Production Quantity 2198620 2052930 2065170 1995210 2092630
Watermelons Yield 224996 Fc 216221 Fc 220341 Fc 226243 Fc 216727 Fc
Wheat Area Harvested 2138200 2181570 2430250 2363890 1853220
Wheat Production Quantity 5690040 6171250 5055530 6027130 4114060
Wheat Seed 184955 Fc 184955 Fc 185527 Fc 207296 Fc 202762 Fc
Wheat Yield 26611.4 Fc 28288.1 Fc 20802.5 Fc 25496.7 Fc 22199.5 Fc
Yams Area Harvested 25035 Im 25450 Im 25129 Im 26913 Im 27000 F
Yams Production Quantity 244142 Im 233000 Im 231254 Im 252508 Im 250000 F
Yams Yield 97520.3 Fc 91552.1 Fc 92026.7 Fc 93823.8 Fc 92592.6 Fc
Agricultural Production: MT
* = Unofficial figure | A = Aggregate, may include official, semi-official or estimated data | F = FAO estimate | Fc = Calculated data | Im = FAO data based on imputation methodology | M = Data not available | P = Provisional official data
2011-2007 | 2006-2002
crop20062005200420032002
Apples Area Harvested 36107 35493 32993 31532 31519
Apples Production Quantity 863019 850535 980203 841821 857388
Apples Yield 239017 Fc 239635 Fc 297094 Fc 266974 Fc 272023 Fc
Avocados Area Harvested 10442 11548 11933 10053 12306
Avocados Production Quantity 164441 169335 170534 156661 173930
Avocados Yield 157480 Fc 146636 Fc 142910 Fc 155835 Fc 141338 Fc
Bananas Area Harvested 504586 491180 491042 509588 503023
Bananas Production Quantity 6956180 6703400 6583560 6800980 6422860
Bananas Yield 137859 Fc 136475 Fc 134073 Fc 133460 Fc 127685 Fc
Barley Area Harvested 82177 144511 142144 119224 147397
Barley Production Quantity 202940 326251 397160 345320 244600
Barley Seed 10029.8 Fc 9127.2 Fc 14451.1 Fc 14219.4 Fc 11943.4 Fc
Barley Yield 24695.5 Fc 22576.2 Fc 27940.7 Fc 28964 Fc 16594.6 Fc
Beans, dry Area Harvested 4034380 3748660 3978660 4090570 4140530
Beans, dry Production Quantity 3457740 3021640 2967010 3302040 3064230
Beans, dry Seed 159036 Fc 169739 Fc 158634 Fc 173031 Fc 175128 Fc
Beans, dry Yield 8570.68 Fc 8060.59 Fc 7457.31 Fc 8072.32 Fc 7400.57 Fc
Brazil nuts, with shell Production Quantity 28806 30000 F 28500 F 28000 F 27389
Broad beans, horse beans, dry Area Harvested 36857 34452 36179 34792 31579
Broad beans, horse beans, dry Production Quantity 14951 13181 13897 12939 10099
Broad beans, horse beans, dry Seed 2985.46 Fc 3189.28 Fc 2989.62 Fc 3165.49 Fc 3041.39 Fc
Broad beans, horse beans, dry Yield 4056.49 Fc 3825.9 Fc 3841.18 Fc 3718.96 Fc 3198.01 Fc
Buckwheat Area Harvested 47000 F 46000 F 51417 Im 50167 Im 45000 F
Buckwheat Production Quantity 51000 F 50000 F 60345 Im 63651 Im 48000 F
Buckwheat Seed 2880 Fc 2820 Fc 2760 Fc 3085.02 Fc 3010.02 Fc
Buckwheat Yield 10851.1 Fc 10869.6 Fc 11736.4 Fc 12687.8 Fc 10666.7 Fc
Cashew nuts, with shell Area Harvested 710181 700367 691059 682503 665014
Cashew nuts, with shell Production Quantity 243770 152751 187839 183094 164539
Cashew nuts, with shell Yield 3432.51 Fc 2181.01 Fc 2718.13 Fc 2682.68 Fc 2474.22 Fc
Cashewapple Area Harvested 610000 F 594763 Im 600000 F 598000 F 595000 F
Cashewapple Production Quantity 1660000 F 1650000 F 1610000 F 1603000 F 1600000 F
Cashewapple Yield 27213.1 Fc 27742.1 Fc 26833.3 Fc 26806 Fc 26890.8 Fc
Cassava Area Harvested 1896510 1901540 1754880 1633570 1675270
Cassava Production Quantity 26639000 25872000 23926600 21961100 23065600
Cassava Yield 140463 Fc 136058 Fc 136343 Fc 134436 Fc 137683 Fc
Castor oil seed Area Harvested 151060 230911 172704 133879 136109
Castor oil seed Production Quantity 95000 168802 138745 83682 170897
Castor oil seed Seed 2497.51 Fc 2404.98 Fc 3630.85 Fc 2641.35 Fc 2017.28 Fc
Castor oil seed Yield 6288.89 Fc 7310.26 Fc 8033.69 Fc 6250.57 Fc 12555.9 Fc
Cereals (Rice Milled Eqv + (Total) Area Harvested 18423600 A 19312000 A 20426200 A 19929800 A 17877200 A
Cereals (Rice Milled Eqv + (Total) Production Quantity 55310600 A 51275400 A 59542400 A 64026800 A 47396700 A
Cereals (Rice Milled Eqv + (Total) Seed 767030 A 761772 A 877956 A 914038 A 834990 A
Cereals (Rice Milled Eqv + (Total) Yield 30021.6 Fc 26551.1 Fc 29150 Fc 32126.2 Fc 26512.4 Fc
Cereals,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 18423600 A 19312000 A 20426200 A 19929800 A 17877200 A
Cereals,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 59149000 A 55668700 A 63963700 A 67468200 A 50878900 A
Cereals,Total + (Total) Seed 767030 A 761772 A 877956 A 914038 A 834990 A
Cereals,Total + (Total) Yield 32105 Fc 28826 Fc 31314.5 Fc 33853 Fc 28460.2 Fc
Chestnuts Production Quantity F F F F F
Citrus Fruit,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 917782 A 920896 A 938676 A 955619 A 947180 A
Citrus Fruit,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 20404700 A 20184500 A 20530000 A 19268600 A 20844900 A
Citrus Fruit,Total + (Total) Yield 222326 Fc 219184 Fc 218713 Fc 201635 Fc 220073 Fc
Coarse Grain, Total + (Total) Area Harvested 13892500 A 13035400 A 13885900 A 14188700 A 12626400 A
Coarse Grain, Total + (Total) Production Quantity 45137500 A 37817000 A 44867800 A 50980100 A 37316100 A
Coarse Grain, Total + (Total) Seed 387786 A 382420 A 373120 A 388274 A 380684 A
Coarse Grain, Total + (Total) Yield 32490.5 Fc 29010.9 Fc 32311.9 Fc 35930.1 Fc 29554 Fc
Cocoa beans Area Harvested 647135 625384 638825 590945 582315
Cocoa beans Production Quantity 212270 208620 196005 170004 174796
Cocoa beans Yield 3280.15 Fc 3335.87 Fc 3068.21 Fc 2876.82 Fc 3001.74 Fc
Coconuts Area Harvested 289815 290515 285243 280382 276598
Coconuts Production Quantity 2978220 3118940 3117340 2978490 2892350
Coconuts Yield 102763 Fc 107359 Fc 109287 Fc 106230 Fc 104569 Fc
Coffee, green Area Harvested 2312160 2325920 2368040 2395500 2370910
Coffee, green Production Quantity 2573370 2140170 2465710 1987070 2649610
Coffee, green Yield 11129.7 Fc 9201.39 Fc 10412.5 Fc 8295.01 Fc 11175.5 Fc
Cotton lint Production Quantity 956800 * 1210530 * 1254460 * 726558 * 713230 *
Cottonseed Production Quantity 1826600 * 2311000 * 2394870 * 1387070 * 1363510 *
Cottonseed Seed 56262.8 Fc 44900.4 Fc 63166.2 Fc 57502 Fc 35891.6 Fc
Fibre Crops Nes Production Quantity 85144 Im 100000 F 98000 F 97500 F 96583
Fibre Crops Primary + (Total) Area Harvested 1194900 A 1520540 A 1392410 A 947477 A 978298 A
Fibre Crops Primary + (Total) Production Quantity 1317230 A 1550870 A 1565620 A 1022910 A 992524 A
Fibre Crops Primary + (Total) Yield 11023.7 Fc 10199.5 Fc 11244 Fc 10796.2 Fc 10145.4 Fc
Figs Area Harvested 3007 2911 3113 3109 3111
Figs Production Quantity 26476 23697 26839 25586 23921
Figs Yield 88047.9 Fc 81405 Fc 86215.9 Fc 82296.6 Fc 76891.7 Fc
Fruit excl Melons,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 2413180 A 2362740 A 2383550 A 2408060 A 2390550 A
Fruit excl Melons,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 38012400 A 36586200 A 36884000 A 35451200 A 36530500 A
Fruit excl Melons,Total + (Total) Yield 157520 Fc 154847 Fc 154744 Fc 147219 Fc 152813 Fc
Fruit, tropical fresh nes Area Harvested 44363 35820 36576 34994 35542
Fruit, tropical fresh nes Production Quantity 615196 479813 491619 485342 478652
Fruit, tropical fresh nes Yield 138673 Fc 133951 Fc 134410 Fc 138693 Fc 134672 Fc
Garlic Area Harvested 10486 10362 10517 15099 15715
Garlic Production Quantity 87779 86199 85597 123099 114436
Garlic Seed 5629 Fc 5245 Fc 5251.5 Fc 5258.5 Fc 7549.5 Fc
Garlic Yield 83710.7 Fc 83187.6 Fc 81389.2 Fc 81527.9 Fc 72819.6 Fc
Grapefruit (inc. pomelos) Area Harvested 4200 F 3965 Im 4000 F 3629 Im 3600 F
Grapefruit (inc. pomelos) Production Quantity 71000 F 68000 F 67500 F 64923 Im 67000 F
Grapefruit (inc. pomelos) Yield 169048 Fc 171501 Fc 168750 Fc 178901 Fc 186111 Fc
Grapes Area Harvested 75354 73203 71637 68432 66300
Grapes Production Quantity 1257060 1232560 1291380 1067420 1148650
Grapes Yield 166821 Fc 168376 Fc 180267 Fc 155983 Fc 173250 Fc
Groundnuts, with shell Area Harvested 110777 136048 104501 89174 97093
Groundnuts, with shell Production Quantity 249916 315239 236488 187719 195284
Groundnuts, with shell Seed 4568.52 Fc 4464.92 Fc 5457.16 Fc 4217.36 Fc 3566.96 Fc
Groundnuts, with shell Yield 22560.3 Fc 23171.2 Fc 22630.2 Fc 21050.9 Fc 20113.1 Fc
Gums Natural Production Quantity 55 F 55 F 55 F 50 F 48
Jute Area Harvested 4179 4168 1513 1047 987
Jute Production Quantity 6052 5936 2326 1485 1459
Jute Yield 14481.9 Fc 14241.8 Fc 15373.4 Fc 14183.4 Fc 14782.2 Fc
Jute & Jute-like Fibres + (Total) Area Harvested 16861 A 16657 A 8607 A 7468 A 6831 A
Jute & Jute-like Fibres + (Total) Production Quantity 25951 A 26100 A 12645 A 10464 A 10067 A
Jute & Jute-like Fibres + (Total) Yield 15391.1 Fc 15669.1 Fc 14691.5 Fc 14011.8 Fc 14737.2 Fc
Lemons and limes Area Harvested 46829 50266 48553 50950 50125
Lemons and limes Production Quantity 1031290 1030530 985623 981339 984551
Lemons and limes Yield 220225 Fc 205015 Fc 202999 Fc 192608 Fc 196419 Fc
Linseed Area Harvested 18679 21914 11171 5753 5000 *
Linseed Production Quantity 13442 15819 10338 6199 5000 *
Linseed Seed F F F F F
Linseed Yield 7196.32 Fc 7218.67 Fc 9254.32 Fc 10775.3 Fc 10000 Fc
Maize Area Harvested 12613100 11549400 12410700 12965700 11750900
Maize Production Quantity 42661700 35113300 41787600 48327300 35933000
Maize Seed 350270 Fc 324935 Fc 306228 Fc 321621 Fc 324143 Fc
Maize Yield 33823.3 Fc 30402.7 Fc 33670.6 Fc 37273.2 Fc 30578.9 Fc
Mangoes, mangosteens, guavas Area Harvested 74782 68141 69617 68136 66676
Mangoes, mangosteens, guavas Production Quantity 1217190 1002210 949610 925018 849751
Mangoes, mangosteens, guavas Yield 162765 Fc 147079 Fc 136405 Fc 135761 Fc 127445 Fc
Maté Area Harvested 78633 76101 74800 84438 79616
Maté Production Quantity 434483 429730 403281 501702 513526
Maté Yield 55254.5 Fc 56468.4 Fc 53914.6 Fc 59416.6 Fc 64500.3 Fc
Natural rubber Area Harvested 106897 112396 106375 103586 102000 F
Natural rubber Production Quantity 105434 103708 98813 93790 95900 *
Natural rubber Yield 9863.14 Fc 9227.02 Fc 9289.12 Fc 9054.31 Fc 9401.96 Fc
Nuts, nes Area Harvested 3600 F 3547 Im 3500 F 3400 F 3000 F
Nuts, nes Production Quantity 2600 F 2500 F 2200 F 2000 F 1909
Nuts, nes Yield 7222.22 Fc 7048.21 Fc 6285.71 Fc 5882.35 Fc 6363.33 Fc
Oats Area Harvested 323998 367921 347126 297083 254663
Oats Production Quantity 405657 522428 459526 435092 298686
Oats Seed 14147.5 Fc 34188.4 Fc 36996.1 Fc 34917.6 Fc 29787.2 Fc
Oats Yield 12520.4 Fc 14199.5 Fc 13238 Fc 14645.5 Fc 11728.7 Fc
Oil palm fruit Area Harvested 59000 F 56000 F 55000 F 51600 F 45000 F
Oil palm fruit Production Quantity 590000 F 560000 F 550000 F 516000 F 450000 F
Oil palm fruit Yield 100000 Fc 100000 Fc 100000 Fc 100000 Fc 100000 Fc
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total) Area Harvested 23547400 A 24840700 A 23245000 A 19779500 A 17656300 A
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total) Production Quantity 42871100 A 42143300 A 40853100 A 42188300 A 34929400 A
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total) Seed 681048 A 723012 A 775182 A 713993 A 605562 A
Oilcakes Equivalent + (Total) Yield 18206.3 Fc 16965.4 Fc 17575 Fc 21329.3 Fc 19783 Fc
Oilcrops Primary + (Total) Area Harvested 23698700 A 25071800 A 23417800 A 19913700 A 17792700 A
Oilcrops Primary + (Total) Production Quantity 10533100 A 10438800 A 10091600 A 10296000 A 8649010 A
Oilcrops Primary + (Total) Seed 159951 A 168981 A 182373 A 167426 A 141422 A
Oilcrops Primary + (Total) Yield 4444.61 Fc 4163.58 Fc 4309.35 Fc 5170.33 Fc 4860.99 Fc
Oilseeds, Nes Production Quantity 17299 Im 17372 Im 16941 Im 16793 Im 14161 Im
Olives Area Harvested 10 F 10 F 10 F 10 F 6 F
Olives Production Quantity 5 F 5 F 5 F 5 F 2 F
Olives Yield 5000 Fc 5000 Fc 5000 Fc 5000 Fc 3333.33 Fc
Onions, dry Area Harvested 63314 58388 58361 68790 68869
Onions, dry Production Quantity 1345910 1137680 1157560 1229850 1222120
Onions, dry Yield 212577 Fc 194848 Fc 198345 Fc 178783 Fc 177456 Fc
Oranges Area Harvested 805903 805665 823220 836041 828846
Oranges Production Quantity 18032300 17853400 18313700 16917600 18530600
Oranges Yield 223753 Fc 221598 Fc 222464 Fc 202354 Fc 223571 Fc
Other Bastfibres Area Harvested 12682 12489 7094 6421 5844
Other Bastfibres Production Quantity 19899 20164 10319 8979 8608
Other Bastfibres Yield 15690.7 Fc 16145.4 Fc 14546.1 Fc 13983.8 Fc 14729.6 Fc
Other melons (inc.cantaloupes) Area Harvested 21350 15981 15499 16266 12500 F
Other melons (inc.cantaloupes) Production Quantity 500021 352742 340863 349498 180000 F
Other melons (inc.cantaloupes) Yield 234202 Fc 220726 Fc 219926 Fc 214864 Fc 144000 Fc
Palm kernels Production Quantity 128000 F 124594 Im 121500 F 121000 F 119786
Palm oil Production Quantity 170000 * 160000 * 142000 * 129000 * 118000 *
Papayas Area Harvested 36650 32559 34445 36244 35626
Papayas Production Quantity 1897640 1573820 1612350 1714590 1597700
Papayas Yield 517774 Fc 483375 Fc 468094 Fc 473069 Fc 448465 Fc
Peaches and nectarines Area Harvested 22453 23794 23864 24507 23744
Peaches and nectarines Production Quantity 199719 235471 235720 220364 218292
Peaches and nectarines Yield 88949.8 Fc 98962.3 Fc 98776.4 Fc 89918.8 Fc 91935.6 Fc
Pears Area Harvested 1723 1759 1779 1784 1873
Pears Production Quantity 18161 19746 19894 19790 19696
Pears Yield 105403 Fc 112257 Fc 111827 Fc 110930 Fc 105158 Fc
Peas, dry Area Harvested 1677 2061 3957 2426 3336
Peas, dry Production Quantity 4175 5674 10839 6388 7986
Peas, dry Yield 24895.7 Fc 27530.3 Fc 27392 Fc 26331.4 Fc 23938.8 Fc
Pepper (Piper spp.) Area Harvested 33224 31832 26635 25628 23101
Pepper (Piper spp.) Production Quantity 80316 79102 65800 67197 56935
Pepper (Piper spp.) Yield 24174.1 Fc 24849.8 Fc 24704.3 Fc 26220.2 Fc 24646.1 Fc
Persimmons Area Harvested 8534 8309 8112 7472 6958
Persimmons Production Quantity 168274 164849 162288 158131 141364
Persimmons Yield 197181 Fc 198398 Fc 200059 Fc 211631 Fc 203168 Fc
Pineapples Area Harvested 66845 61787 59163 57986 61127
Pineapples Production Quantity 2560630 2292470 2215950 2160020 2149850
Pineapples Yield 383070 Fc 371028 Fc 374550 Fc 372507 Fc 351702 Fc
Potatoes Area Harvested 140826 142219 142704 151850 161124
Potatoes Production Quantity 3151720 3130170 3047080 3089020 3126410
Potatoes Seed 266040 Fc 253517 Fc 256721 Fc 257006 Fc 273568 Fc
Potatoes Yield 223802 Fc 220095 Fc 213525 Fc 203426 Fc 194038 Fc
Pulses,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 4072910 A 3785170 A 4018800 A 4127790 A 4175450 A
Pulses,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 3476870 A 3040500 A 2991750 A 3321370 A 3082320 A
Pulses,Total + (Total) Seed 162021 A 172928 A 161624 A 176196 A 178169 A
Pulses,Total + (Total) Yield 8536.56 Fc 8032.64 Fc 7444.38 Fc 8046.36 Fc 7382 Fc
Pyrethrum,Dried Production Quantity
Quinces Area Harvested 185 215 230 236 200 F
Quinces Production Quantity 910 1078 1248 1266 900 F
Quinces Yield 49189.2 Fc 50139.5 Fc 54260.9 Fc 53644.1 Fc 45000 Fc
Ramie Area Harvested 447 539 539 539 480
Ramie Production Quantity 1221 1158 1196 1381 1378
Ramie Yield 27315.4 Fc 21484.2 Fc 22189.2 Fc 25621.5 Fc 28708.3 Fc
Rapeseed Area Harvested 31000 * 30000 * 34000 * 34000 * 32000 *
Rapeseed Production Quantity 41000 * 40000 * 57000 * 57000 * 55000 *
Rapeseed Seed 160 Fc 155 Fc 150 Fc 170 Fc 170 Fc
Rapeseed Yield 13225.8 Fc 13333.3 Fc 16764.7 Fc 16764.7 Fc 17187.5 Fc
Rice, paddy Area Harvested 2970920 3915860 3733150 3180860 3145870
Rice, paddy Production Quantity 11526700 13192900 13277000 10334600 10457100
Rice, paddy Seed 221564 Fc 228773 Fc 303948 Fc 286840 Fc 242198 Fc
Rice, paddy Yield 38798.4 Fc 33690.9 Fc 35565.1 Fc 32490 Fc 33240.7 Fc
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 2107690 A 2116850 A 1970280 A 1856130 A 1905290 A
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 30549300 A 29770200 A 27749300 A 25803700 A 26920100 A
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total) Seed 266040 A 253517 A 256721 A 257006 A 273568 A
Roots and Tubers,Total + (Total) Yield 144942 Fc 140635 Fc 140839 Fc 139019 Fc 141291 Fc
Rye Area Harvested 2932 4543 3402 2738 4847
Rye Production Quantity 2353 6109 4315 3814 5073
Rye Seed 386.6 Fc 391.5 Fc 468.3 Fc 340.2 Fc 281.3 Fc
Rye Yield 8025.24 Fc 13447.1 Fc 12683.7 Fc 13929.9 Fc 10466.3 Fc
Seed cotton Area Harvested 898008 1263320 1150040 717832 768182
Seed cotton Production Quantity 2899400 3668290 3801380 2201690 2170120
Seed cotton Yield 32287 Fc 29036.9 Fc 33054.3 Fc 30671.4 Fc 28250.1 Fc
Sesame seed Area Harvested 25000 * 25000 * 24000 * 24000 * 24000 *
Sesame seed Production Quantity 16000 * 16000 * 15000 * 15000 * 15000 *
Sesame seed Seed 110 Fc 250 Fc 250 Fc 240 Fc 240 Fc
Sesame seed Yield 6400 Fc 6400 Fc 6250 Fc 6250 Fc 6250 Fc
Sisal Area Harvested 279584 240019 233224 221638 202805
Sisal Production Quantity 248111 213082 199322 187008 171266
Sisal Yield 8874.29 Fc 8877.71 Fc 8546.38 Fc 8437.54 Fc 8444.86 Fc
Sorghum Area Harvested 722200 788186 931061 753767 423603
Sorghum Production Quantity 1604920 1520540 2158870 1804920 786757
Sorghum Seed 10072.5 Fc 10958 Fc 12216.9 Fc 14090.6 Fc 11519.1 Fc
Sorghum Yield 22222.7 Fc 19291.6 Fc 23187.2 Fc 23945.3 Fc 18573 Fc
Soybeans Area Harvested 22047300 22948900 21539000 18524800 16365400
Soybeans Production Quantity 52464600 51182100 49549900 51919400 42769000 *
Soybeans Seed 822856 Fc 883308 Fc 937072 Fc 864054 Fc 740992 Fc
Soybeans Yield 23796.4 Fc 22302.6 Fc 23004.7 Fc 28027 Fc 26133.8 Fc
Strawberries Area Harvested 370 F 362 Im 365 F 363 Im 360 F
Strawberries Production Quantity 2800 F 2724 Im 2750 F 2616 Im 2700 F
Strawberries Yield 75675.7 Fc 75248.6 Fc 75342.5 Fc 72066.1 Fc 75000 Fc
Sugar cane Area Harvested 6355500 5805520 5631740 5371020 5100480
Sugar cane Production Quantity 477411000 422957000 415206000 396012000 364391000
Sugar cane Yield 751178 Fc 728543 Fc 737261 Fc 737312 Fc 714425 Fc
Sunflower seed Area Harvested 67829 69000 * 42000 * 52000 * 43000 *
Sunflower seed Production Quantity 87362 94000 * 56000 * 77000 * 56000 *
Sunflower seed Seed 870.58 Fc 813.95 Fc 828 Fc 504 Fc 624 Fc
Sunflower seed Yield 12879.7 Fc 13623.2 Fc 13333.3 Fc 14807.7 Fc 13023.3 Fc
Sweet potatoes Area Harvested 44357 45311 46844 46351 43895
Sweet potatoes Production Quantity 518541 513646 538503 533165 498046
Sweet potatoes Yield 116902 Fc 113360 Fc 114957 Fc 115028 Fc 113463 Fc
Tangerines, mandarins, clem. Area Harvested 60850 61000 62903 64999 64609
Tangerines, mandarins, clem. Production Quantity 1270110 1232600 1163210 1304740 1262740
Tangerines, mandarins, clem. Yield 208728 Fc 202066 Fc 184921 Fc 200732 Fc 195443 Fc
Tea Area Harvested 2505 2520 2710 2843 3894
Tea Production Quantity 4052 4473 5347 5559 8687
Tea Yield 16175.7 Fc 17750 Fc 19730.6 Fc 19553.3 Fc 22308.7 Fc
Tobacco, unmanufactured Area Harvested 495706 493761 462265 392619 344080
Tobacco, unmanufactured Production Quantity 900381 889426 921281 656200 670309
Tobacco, unmanufactured Yield 18163.6 Fc 18013.3 Fc 19929.7 Fc 16713.4 Fc 19481.2 Fc
Tomatoes Area Harvested 58893 60526 60152 63479 62520
Tomatoes Production Quantity 3362660 3452970 3515570 3708600 3652920
Tomatoes Yield 570978 Fc 570494 Fc 584448 Fc 584225 Fc 584280 Fc
Treenuts,Total + (Total) Area Harvested 715442 A 705401 A 696003 A 687565 A 669692 A
Treenuts,Total + (Total) Production Quantity 277396 A 187427 A 220685 A 214793 A 195746 A
Treenuts,Total + (Total) Yield 3877.27 Fc 2657.03 Fc 3170.75 Fc 3123.97 Fc 2922.93 Fc
Triticale Area Harvested 101088 134868
Triticale Production Quantity 208898 278333
Triticale Yield 20665 Fc 20637.4 Fc
Tung Nuts Area Harvested 184 184 171 254 311
Tung Nuts Production Quantity 383 383 286 425 435
Tung Nuts Yield 20815.2 Fc 20815.2 Fc 16725.2 Fc 16732.3 Fc 13987.1 Fc
Vegetables fresh nes Area Harvested 205000 F 200000 F 198000 F 195000 F 195000 F
Vegetables fresh nes Production Quantity 2400000 F 2350000 F 2300000 F 2250000 F 2250000 F
Vegetables fresh nes Yield 117073 Fc 117500 Fc 116162 Fc 115385 Fc 115385 Fc
Vegetables Primary + (Total) Area Harvested 452039 A 430718 A 423418 A 440919 A 429993 A
Vegetables Primary + (Total) Production Quantity 9643280 A 9017020 A 9118980 A 9566850 A 8910610 A
Vegetables Primary + (Total) Seed 5629 A 5245 A 5251.5 A 5258.5 A 7549.5 A
Vegetables Primary + (Total) Yield 213329 Fc 209349 Fc 215366 Fc 216975 Fc 207227 Fc
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total) Area Harvested 452039 A 430718 A 423418 A 440919 A 429993 A
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total) Production Quantity 9643280 A 9017020 A 9118980 A 9566850 A 8910610 A
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total) Seed 5629 A 5245 A 5251.5 A 5258.5 A 7549.5 A
Vegetables&Melons, Total + (Total) Yield 213329 Fc 209349 Fc 215366 Fc 216975 Fc 207227 Fc
Walnuts, with shell Area Harvested 1661 1487 1444 1662 1678
Walnuts, with shell Production Quantity 2220 2176 2146 1699 1909
Walnuts, with shell Yield 13365.4 Fc 14633.5 Fc 14861.5 Fc 10222.6 Fc 11376.6 Fc
Watermelons Area Harvested 92996 85461 80889 82285 75389
Watermelons Production Quantity 1946910 1637430 1719390 1905800 1491130
Watermelons Yield 209354 Fc 191600 Fc 212562 Fc 231610 Fc 197791 Fc
Wheat Area Harvested 1560180 2360700 2807220 2560230 2104900
Wheat Production Quantity 2484850 4658790 5818850 6153500 3105660
Wheat Seed 157680 Fc 150579 Fc 200888 Fc 238924 Fc 212108 Fc
Wheat Yield 15926.7 Fc 19734.8 Fc 20728.2 Fc 24035 Fc 14754.4 Fc
Yams Area Harvested 26000 F 27776 Im 25853 Im 24355 Im 25000 F
Yams Production Quantity 240000 F 254351 Im 237084 Im 220462 Im 230000 F
Yams Yield 92307.7 Fc 91572.2 Fc 91704.6 Fc 90520.2 Fc 92000 Fc
Agricultural Production: MT
* = Unofficial figure | A = Aggregate, may include official, semi-official or estimated data | F = FAO estimate | Fc = Calculated data | Im = FAO data based on imputation methodology | M = Data not available | P = Provisional official data

Land Usage

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2011-2007 | 2006-2002
land use20112010200920082007
Agricultural area Area 275030 Fm 273421 Fm 273520 Fm 273489 Fm 271082 Fm
Agricultural area certified organic Area 932 I 932 I 932.1 I
Agricultural area in conversion to organic Area 834 I 834 I 833.7 I
Agricultural area irrigated Area 4454 W
Agricultural area organic, total Area 1765.8 I 1765.8 I 1765.8 I 1765.8 I
Arable land Area 71930 Fm 70321 Fm 70420 Fm 70239 Fm 67831.6 Fm
Arable land and Permanent crops Area 79030 Fm 77421 Fm 77520 Fm 77489 Fm 75081.6 Fm
Country area Area 851488 W 851488 W 851488 W 851488 W 851488 W
Forest area Area 517328 Fm 519522 Q 521716 Fm 523911 Fm 526105 Fm
Inland water Area 5546 Fm 5546 Fm 5546 Fm 5546 Fm 5546 Fm
Land area Area 845942 Fm 845942 Fm 845942 Fm 845942 Fm 845942 Fm
Other land Area 53584.4 Fm 52999 Fm 50705.6 Fm 48542.2 Fm 48755.2 Fm
Permanent crops Area 7100 Fm 7100 Fm 7100 Fm 7250 Fm 7250 Fm
Permanent meadows and pastures Area 196000 Fm 196000 Fm 196000 Fm 196000 Fm 196000 Fm
Total area equipped for irrigation Area 5400 I 5200 Fm 5000 Fm 4800 Fm 4650 Fm
Land Usage: (1000 Ha)
E = Expert sources from FAO (including other divisions) | Fm = Manual Estimation | I = Country data reported by International Organizations where the country is a member (Semi-official) - WTO, EU, UNSD, etc. | Q = Official data reported on FAO Questionnaires from countries | W = Data reported on country official publications or web sites (Official) or trade country files
2011-2007 | 2006-2002
land use20062005200420032002
Agricultural area Area 270681 Fm 271299 Fm 271011 Fm 268477 Fm 265868 Fm
Agricultural area certified organic Area
Agricultural area in conversion to organic Area
Agricultural area irrigated Area
Agricultural area organic, total Area 880 I 842 I
Arable land Area 67434.5 Fm 68023.1 Fm 67206 Fm 64642 Fm 61504 Fm
Arable land and Permanent crops Area 74680.5 Fm 75298.7 Fm 74511 Fm 71977 Fm 68868 Fm
Country area Area 851488 W 851488 W 851488 W 851488 Q 851488 Q
Forest area Area 528300 Fm 530494 Q 533584 Fm 536674 Fm 539763 Fm
Inland water Area 5546 Fm 5546 Fm 5546 Fm 5546 Fm 5546 Fm
Land area Area 845942 Fm 845942 Fm 845942 Fm 845942 F 845942 F
Other land Area 46961.9 Fm 44149.3 Fm 41347.2 Fm 40791.4 Fm 40310.6 Fm
Permanent crops Area 7246 W 7275.6 Fm 7305 Fm 7335 Fm 7364 Fm
Permanent meadows and pastures Area 196000 Fm 196000 Fm 196500 Fm 196500 Fm 197000 F
Total area equipped for irrigation Area 4601 I 4600 Fm 4500 Fm 4200 Fm 3900 Fm
Land Usage: (1000 Ha)
E = Expert sources from FAO (including other divisions) | Fm = Manual Estimation | I = Country data reported by International Organizations where the country is a member (Semi-official) - WTO, EU, UNSD, etc. | Q = Official data reported on FAO Questionnaires from countries | W = Data reported on country official publications or web sites (Official) or trade country files
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