| | | yellow head virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Clavibacter michiganensis (bacterial canker of tomato) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Dermatophilus congolensis | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (sugarcane ratoon stunting disease) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Actinobacteria [phylum] | Mycobacterium bovis | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Bacteroidetes | Paenibacillus larvae | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); Alippi (1992); Alippi (1997); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Bacillus anthracis | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris (yellow disease phytoplasmas) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Melissococcus plutonius | Present | | | OIE (2019); Schotman (1989); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma gallisepticum | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) type | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Mycoplasma synoviae | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Phytoplasma pyri (pear decline) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Firmicutes | Spiroplasma kunkelii (corn stunt spiroplasma) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2008) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Anaplasma marginale | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella abortus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella melitensis | Present | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella ovis | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Brucella suis | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Burkholderia caryophylli (bacterial wilt of carnation) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Burkholderia pseudomallei | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Hepatobacter penaei | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (citrus greening) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); Badaracco et al. (2017); CABI/EPPO (2017) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | citrus huanglongbing (greening) disease (citrus greening) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Coxiella burnetii | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ehrlichia ruminantium | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Escherichia coli | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Francisella tularensis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Mannheimia haemolytica | Present | | | Auad et al. (2001) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pasteurella multocida | Absent | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pseudomonas cichorii (bacterial blight of endive) | Present | | | Alippi (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi (oleander knot) | Present | | Invasive | Bradbury (1986); UK, CAB International (1987) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (bacterial canker of kiwifruit) | Present | | | Balestra et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt of potato) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Ralstonia solanacearum race 2 (moko disease) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2021) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella Abortusequi | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella abortusovis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella gallinarum | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Salmonella pullorum | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Taylorella equigenitalis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Vibrio parahaemolyticus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (cassava bacterial blight) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); UK, CAB International (1993); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (bean blight) | Present | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vasculorum (sugarcane gumming disease) | Present, Localized | | | Bradbury (1986); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas citri (citrus canker) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Goto et al. (1980); Bradbury (1986); Pruvost et al. (1992); Vernière et al. (1998); Li et al. (2007); Gottwald et al. (2009); Paola et al. (2013); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas fragariae (angular leaf spot) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis (bacterial leaf streak of grasses) | Present | | | EPPO (2014) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas translucens pv. translucens (bacterial leaf streak of barley) | Present | | | Sands and Fourrest (1989); Mehta (1990); CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum (bacterial leaf streak of corn) | Present, Widespread | | | Plazas et al. (2018) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xenohaliotis californiensis | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xylella fastidiosa (Pierce's disease of grapevines) | Present | Native | | Coll et al. (2000); CABI and EPPO (2015); Haelterman et al. (2015); Tolocka et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Proteobacteria | Xylophilus ampelinus (bacterial blight of grapevine) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Bradbury (1986); EPPO (2022) |
Bacteria | | Spirochaetes | Leptospira interrogans | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Bacillariophyta | Didymosphenia geminata (didymo) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Viviana Sastre et al. (2013); Beamud et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Aphanomyces astaci | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Aphanomyces invadans | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Peronosclerospora sorghi (sorghum downy mildew) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | FREZZI (1970); UK, CAB International (1988); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Peronospora belbahrii (basil downy mildew) | Present | | Invasive | Ronco et al. (2009); CABI and EPPO (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora austrocedri | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Greslebin et al. (2007); Vélez et al. (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora cinnamomi (Phytophthora dieback) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora colocasiae (taro leaf blight) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora infestans (Phytophthora blight) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1982) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora kernoviae | Present | | | Vélez et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora medicaginis (Phytophthora root rot of lucerne) | Present | | | Hijano (1991) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Phytophthora ramorum (Sudden Oak Death (SOD)) | Present | | | Vélez et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Plasmopara halstedii (downy mildew of sunflower) | Present | | | Gulya et al. (1991); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Chromista | Oomycota | Plasmopara viticola (grapevine downy mildew) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Alternaria triticina (leaf blight of wheat) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Perelló and Sisterna (2006); |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Bipolaris victoriae (Victoria blight of oats) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022); UK, CAB International (1990) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew of grasses and cereals) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2004); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Claviceps africana (ergot) | Present | Introduced | | Bandyopadhyay et al. (1998); CABI and EPPO (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Colletotrichum acutatum (black spot of strawberry) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); Lori et al. (2004); CABI and EPPO (2010); Sir et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Cyclaneusma minus (Cyclaneusma needle-cast) | Present | Introduced | | Rajchenberg et al. (1995) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Diaporthe eres (apple leaf, branch and fruit fungus) | Present | | | Catania and Romero (2008); Fernandez Valiela et al. (1954) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Diaporthe gulyae (Phomopsis stem canker of sunflower) | Present | | | Mancebo et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Didymella fabae (leaf and pod spot) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Farr (1973); Punithalingam (1993); UK, CAB International (1993) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Diplodia seriata (grapevine trunk disease) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2005) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Elsinoë australis (citrus scab) | Present | | | Hyun et al. (2009); Chung (2011); CABI/EPPO (2012); Fan et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Erysiphe platani | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (Fusarium wilt) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1982); Assigbetse et al. (1994); Fernandez et al. (1994) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Fusicladium effusum (pecan scab) | Present | | | Mantz et al. (2008); CABI/EPPO (2012) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Guignardia citricarpa (citrus black spot) | Present, Localized | | | Foguet et al. (1985); Garran (1996); Baayen et al. (2002); CABI/EPPO (2012); Wikee et al. (2013); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Kabatiella zeae (eyespot) | Present | Introduced | | Frezzi (1972); UK, CAB International (1993); Corcuera and Sandoval (1998) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum pathotype (wheat blast) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Alberione et al. (2008); Perelló et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella pini (Dothistroma blight) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Mycosphaerella populorum (septoria leaf spot) | Present | Native | | Sarasola (1944); Ares and Gutierrez (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Phomopsis vexans (Phomopsis blight of eggplant) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Dal Bello and Sisterna (2000); CABI and EPPO (2008) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Pseudocercospora angolensis (leaf spot of Citrus spp.) | Absent, Confirmed absent by survey | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Seiridium cardinale (cypress canker) | Present | Introduced | | Saravi Cisneros (1953); Nag Raj (1994); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Sphaeropsis sapinea (Sphaeropsis blight) | Present | | | Saravi Cisneros (1950); Punithalingham and Waterston (1970) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Ascomycota | Trichoconiella padwickii (stackburn disease) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Winter et al. (1974); UK, CAB International (1984); Gutiérrez et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Amylostereum areolatum | Present | | | Li DaPeng et al. (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Armillaria limonea | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Horak (1980) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Armillaria novae-zelandiae | Present | Native | | Singer (1969) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust) | Present | | | Di Fonzo (1946); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Phakopsora pachyrhizi (soyabean rust) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Carmona et al. (2005); Hernández (2005); Ploper et al. (2005); Ivancovich et al. (2007); CABI and EPPO (2015); Lavilla and Ivancovich (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia graminis (stem rust of cereals) | Present, Widespread | | | CIMMYT (1988); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia horiana (white rust of chrysanthemum) | Present | | | Lindquist and Merlo (1970); CABI and EPPO (2008); Demers et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Puccinia kuehnii (orange rust) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Thecaphora frezii (peanut smut) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Marinelli et al. (1995) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Tilletia controversa (dwarf bunt of wheat) | Absent, Formerly present | | | Astiz Gasso (2019); CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Basidiomycota | Urocystis agropyri (flag smut of wheat) | Absent, Formerly present | | | SENASA (2020); UK, CAB International (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) | Present, Widespread | | | Herrera et al. (2005); Barrionuevo and Ponssa (2008) |
Eukaryota | Fungi | Chytridiomycota | Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Annelida | Alitta succinea (pile worm) | Present | | | Elías et al. (2003); Botto et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Annelida | Ficopomatus enigmaticus (tubeworm) | Present | Introduced | | Rioja (1943); Bastida (1971); Orensanz and Estivariz (1971); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Acarapis woodi (honeybee mite) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aculops lycopersici (tomato russet mite) | Present | | | Rossi (1963); Undurraga and Dybas (1988); Costilla and Barberis (1990); Costilla (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aedes aegypti | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aethina tumida | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Agrotis ipsilon (black cutworm) | Present | | | Galarza (1972); Patruele (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurocanthus woglumi (citrus blackfly) | Present | | | Lopez et al. (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Amphibalanus improvisus (bay barnacle) | Present | | | Darwin (1854) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha fraterculus (South American fruit fly) | Present, Localized | Native | | Weyenbergh (1874); Stone (1942); Blanchard (1961); Ovruski et al. (2003); Oroño et al. (2005); Segura et al. (2006); Vera et al. (2006); Ovruski et al. (2007); Ovruski et al. (2010); Schliserman et al. (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha grandis (South American cucurbit fruit fly) | Present, Localized | Native | | Stone (1942); Blanchard (1961); Norrbom (1991); CABI and EPPO (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha ludens (Mexican fruit fly) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha obliqua (West Indian fruit fly) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | Norrbom (2004); CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anastrepha serpentina (sapodilla fruit fly) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | CABI (Undated); Blanchard (1961); Norrbom et al. (1999); CABI and EPPO (2001); EPPO (2022); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Anthonomus grandis (Mexican cotton boll weevil) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Toledo et al. (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidiella aurantii (red scale) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aonidomytilus albus (tapioca scale) | Present | Native | | UK, CAB International (1978); Nakahara (1982); Claps et al. (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis craccivora (groundnut aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1983); Mier Durante et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1968) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Aphis spiraecola (Spirea aphid) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1969); Portillo (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Apis mellifera | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Apis mellifera scutellata (africanized bee) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); Diniz et al. (2003); Piereira and Chaud-Netto (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Appendiseta robiniae | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Artemia (brine shrimp) | Present | Native | | Van (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly) | Present, Localized | | | CAB International and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1998); Grille et al. (2011); Alemandri et al. (2012); Guerrero et al. (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (MEAM1) (silverleaf whitefly) | Present | | | Shatters et al. (2009); Viscarret et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bemisia tabaci (MED) (silverleaf whitefly) | Present | | | Grille et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bombus terrestris (bumble bee) | Present | Introduced | | Torretta et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Boophilus microplus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Brevipalpus phoenicis (false spider mite) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Bruchophagus roddi (alfalfa seed chalcid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cactoblastis cactorum (cactus moth) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); Pemberton and Cordo (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Callidiellum rufipenne (Japanese cedar longhorn beetle) | Present | Introduced | | Turienzo (2007); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Callinectes sapidus (blue crab) | Present | Native | | Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission (2001); Tavares (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Carcinus maenas (European shore crab) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Hidalgo et al. (2005); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | McPheron and Steck (1996); Gasparich et al. (1997); Gasperi et al. (2002); Ovruski et al. (2003); Ovruski et al. (2004); Oroño et al. (2005); Segura et al. (2006); Ovruski et al. (2010); CABI and EPPO (2015); Funes et al. (2017); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cherax quadricarinatus (redclaw crayfish) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Vigliano and Darrigran (2002); Ahyong and Yeo (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus aonidum (circular scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1988); Claps et al. (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (dictyospermum scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1969); Claps and Terán (2001); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Chrysomya bezziana (Old World screw-worm) | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cinara cupressi sensu lato (Cypress aphid) | Present | | | Ortego (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cinara pruinosa | Present | | | Durante et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Cochliomyia hominivorax (New World screwworm) | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Conoderus rufangulus | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Crocidosema plebejana (cotton tipworm) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ctenarytaina eucalypti (blue gum psyllid) | Present | Introduced | | Fidalgo et al. (2005); Fidalgo et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Culex quinquefasciatus (southern house mosquito) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Morais et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dialeurodes citri (citrus whitefly) | Present | | | International Institute of Entomology (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid) | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Diaspidiotus perniciosus (San José scale) | Present, Widespread | | | Borchsenius (1966); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dipogon lignosus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Diuraphis noxia (Russian wheat aphid) | Present | Introduced | | Reed and Kindler (1994); Clua et al. (2004); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila) | Present | | | Lue ChiaHua et al. (2017); Lavagnino et al. (2018); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Dysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug) | Present | | | Ben-Dov (1994) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Elatobium abietinum (green spruce aphid) | Present | | | Delfino and Binazzi (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Eriosoma lanigerum (woolly aphid) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1975) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Essigella californica (Monterey pine aphid) | Present | | | Ortego and Mier Durante (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Eulachnus rileyi (pine needle aphid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Delfino and Eastop (1980) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Ferrisia virgata (striped mealybug) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1966); Ben-Dov (1994); Trjapitzin and Trjapitzin (1999); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Nakahara (1997); Borbón et al. (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Glycaspis brimblecombei (red gum lerp psyllid) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); Bouvet et al. (2005); CABI and EPPO (2015); Cuello et al. (2018); Cuello et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gonipterus scutellatus (eucalyptus snout beetle) | Present | Introduced | | Marelli (1926); Marelli (1928); CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Grapholita molesta (Oriental fruit moth) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Kirk et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Greenidea ficicola | Present | | | CABI/EPPO (2011); Rossa et al. (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gymnandrosoma aurantianum (citrus fruit borer) | Present | | | Adamski and Brown (2001); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gynaikothrips ficorum (Cuban laurel thrips) | Present | | | Jacot-Guillarmod and Brothers (1986) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Gyropus ovalis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Harmonia axyridis (harlequin ladybird) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Koch et al. (2006); CABI and EPPO (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); Murua et al. (2014); Murúa et al. (2014); Arneodo et al. (2015); Arnemann et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Helicoverpa gelotopoeon | Present | | | Murúa et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Helicoverpa zea (bollworm) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Murúa et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (black tea thrips) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1961) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hemiberlesia lataniae (latania scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hemiberlesia rapax (greedy scale (USA)) | Present | | | Crouzel (1973); Schotman (1989) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hypogeococcus pungens (cactus mealybug) | Present | Native | | Ben-Dov (1994); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Hypsipyla grandella (mahogany shoot borer) | Present | | | Baca (2018); Fiorentino and Diodato de Medina (1991) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | UK, CAB International (1971); Rocca et al. (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Insignorthezia insignis (greenhouse orthezia) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1957) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Leptocybe invasa (blue gum chalcid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Aquino et al. (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Leptoglossus occidentalis (western conifer-seed bug) | Present | Introduced | | Kun and Masciocchi (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Limnoria lignorum (gribble) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | NMNH (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Linepithema humile (Argentine ant) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); Wild (2004); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza huidobrensis (serpentine leafminer) | Present, Localized | | | Salvo and Valladares (1997); Scheffer and Lewis (2001); CABI and EPPO (2002); Banchio et al. (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza sativae (vegetable leaf miner) | Present, Widespread | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Liriomyza trifolii (American serpentine leafminer) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | CABI (Undated); Martinez and Etienne (2002); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Listroderes costirostris (vegetable weevil) | Present, Widespread | | | Bosq (1942); Morrone (1993); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Lobesia botrana (European grapevine moth) | Present | | | SENASA (2020); CABI/EPPO (2012); Heit et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Macrobrachium rosenbergii (giant freshwater prawn) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Macrosiphum euphorbiae (potato aphid) | Present | Introduced | | UK, CAB International (1984) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Megaplatypus mutatus | Present, Widespread | Native | | Wood and Bright (1992); Giménez and Etiennot (2003); CABI and EPPO (2006); Alfaro et al. (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Mononychellus tanajoa (cassava green mite) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Mythimna unipuncta (rice armyworm) | Present | Native | | UK, CAB International (1967) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) | Present, Widespread | | | Smith and Cermeli (1979); UK, CAB International (1979); Foster et al. (2003); Fenton et al. (2010); Olivo and Corronca (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Neoleucinodes elegantalis (eggplant stem borer) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Olckers et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nezara viridula (green stink bug) | Present, Widespread | | | UK, CAB International (1970); Porta (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Nipaecoccus nipae (spiked mealybug) | Present | | | Ben-Dov (1994); CABI and EPPO (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oryzaephilus surinamensis (saw toothed grain beetle) | Present | | | Champ and Dyte (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Otiorhynchus sulcatus (vine weevil) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (cotton, seed bug) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Palaemon macrodactylus (oriental shrimp) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Spivak et al. (2006) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paratrechina longicornis (crazy ant) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Parthenolecanium persicae (peach scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1979); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Paysandisia archon (South American palm borer) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pectinophora gossypiella (pink bollworm) | Present | | | Ankersmit and Adkisson (1967); Flint et al. (1979); UK, CAB International (1990); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phenacoccus manihoti (cassava mealybug) | Present | Native | | Santis (1963); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phenacoccus peruvianus | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2014); Granara de Willink and Szumik (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phenacoccus solenopsis (cotton mealybug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Granara de Willink and Szumik (2007); Kondo et al. (2008); CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Philornis downsi | Present | | | Silvestri et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phoracantha recurva (eucalyptus longhorned borer) | Present | Introduced | | Iede et al. (2000); Kliejunas et al. (2001); Ioirio et al. (2003); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phoracantha semipunctata (eucalyptus longhorned borer) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI and EPPO (2007) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phthorimaea absoluta (tomato leafminer) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Bahamondes and Mallea (1969); Povolny (1975); García and Espul (1982); Schotman (1989); Cifuentes et al. (2011); Haddi et al. (2012); CABI and EPPO (2013); Lobos et al. (2013); Speranza et al. (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phthorimaea operculella (potato tuber moth) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Phyllocnistis citrella (citrus leaf miner) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1986); Diez et al. (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pineus pini (pine woolly aphid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pissodes castaneus (small banded pine weevil) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Planococcus citri (citrus mealybug) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); Ben-Dov (1994); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) | Present | | | Salinas (1986) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Polistes dominula (European paper wasp) | Present | Introduced | | Sackmann et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Polyphagotarsonemus latus (broad mite) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1986) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (mulberry scale) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pseudococcus viburni (obscure mealybug) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Granara Willink (1991); Gimpel and Miller (1996); Dapoto et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Pyrrhalta luteola (elm leaf beetle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Dreistadt (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhinocyllus conicus (thistle-head weevil) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Feldman (1997) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhyacionia buoliana (European pine shoot moth) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Brewer et al. (1968); Havrilenko (1981); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhynchophorus palmarum (South American palm weevil) | Present | | | Blanchard (1937); Wattanapongsiri (1966); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer) | Present | | | Trivelli (1975) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Russelliana solanicola | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Saissetia oleae (olive scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1952) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Scyphophorus acupunctatus (agave weevil) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Siphoninus phillyreae (ash whitefly) | Present | | | Viscarret et al. (2000); CABI/EPPO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sirex noctilio (woodwasp) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Echeverría (1991); Klasmer et al. (1998); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus granarius (grain weevil) | Present | | | Champ and Dyte (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus oryzae (lesser grain weevil) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitophilus zeamais (greater grain weevil) | Present | | | Champ and Dyte (1976) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Sitotroga cerealella (grain moth) | Present | | | Champ and Dyte (1977) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Solenopsis invicta (red imported fire ant) | Present, Localized | Native | | CABI (Undated); Folgarait et al. (2008); CABI and EPPO (2010); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Solenopsis richteri (black imported fire ant) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Pitts (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera eridania (southern armyworm) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); CABI and EPPO (2006); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Nagoshi et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Takecallis taiwanus | Present | | | EPPO (2022); Avila et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tetranychus urticae (two-spotted spider mite) | Present | | | International Institute of Entomology (1996) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Thaumastocoris peregrinus (bronze bug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Noack and Coviella (2006); Carpintero and Dellapé (2006); Nadel et al. (2010); Noack et al. (2011); CABI and EPPO (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tibraca limbativentris (stinkbug) | Present | | | Schotman (1989); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Toxoptera citricida (black citrus aphid) | Present | | | Essig (1949); CABI and EPPO (1998); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tremex fuscicornis (Tremex wasp) | Present | | | Landi et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Trialeurodes vaporariorum (whitefly, greenhouse) | Present | | | Lopez and Botto (1995); Van Nieuwenhove et al. (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Tropilaelaps | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Unaspis citri (citrus snow scale) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1962); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Varroa destructor (Varroa mite) | Present | | | OIE (2019); Montiel and Piola (1976); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Vespula germanica (German wasp) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Willink (1980); Edwards (1984); D'Adamo et al. (2002); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Viteus vitifoliae (grapevine phylloxera) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Wahlgreniella nervata | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Wasmannia auropunctata (little fire ant) | Present | Native | | ISSG (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborinus saxesenii (fruit-tree pinhole borer) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xyleborus volvulus | Present | Native | | Wood and Bright (1992) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Arthropoda | Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Asian ambrosia beetle) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); Córdoba et al. (2021) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Bryozoa | Bugula neritina (brown bryozoan) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Acridotheres cristatellus | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Aristichthys nobilis (bighead carp) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ascidiella aspersa (European sea squirt) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Astronotus ocellatus (oscar) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Silvano and Begossi (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Axis axis (Indian spotted deer) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); Seebens et al. (2017); |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bos taurus (cattle) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bubalus bubalis (Asian water buffalo) | Present | Introduced | | Long (2003); Borghese (2005); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Bubulcus ibis (cattle egret) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Callosciurus erythraeus (Pallas's squirrel) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Novillo and Ojeda (2008); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Capra hircus (goats) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Carassius auratus auratus (goldfish) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Castor canadensis (beaver) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cervus elaphus (red deer) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Flueck et al. (2003); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Columba livia (pigeons) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Corella eumyota (orange-tipped sea squirt) | Present | Native | | Kott (1969); Alurralde et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) | Present | Introduced | | FAO (2019); Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Cyprinus carpio (common carp) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Didelphis marsupialis (common opossum) | Present, Widespread | Native | | IUCN (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Equus asinus (donkeys) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Equus caballus [ISC] (horse) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Grubb (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Equus ferus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Gambusia affinis (western mosquitofish) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Gambusia holbrooki (eastern mosquitofish) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Froese and Pauly (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hoplosternum littorale (armoured catfish) | Present | Native | | FishBase (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) | Present | Introduced | | Froese and Pauly (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Hypostomus plecostomus (suckermouth catfish) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | Lopez et al. (1987); Froese R and Pauly D (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Lepus europaeus (European hare) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Grigera and Rapoport (1983); Bonino et al. (2010); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Lycalopex griseus (South American gray fox) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) | Present | Introduced | | Lever (1996); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Molothrus bonariensis (shiny cowbird) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Myiopsitta monachus (monk parakeet) | Present | Native | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Myocastor coypus (coypu) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Neovison vison (American mink) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011); Lizarralde and Escobar (2000); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Behnke (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (chinook salmon) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ondatra zibethicus (muskrat) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Anderson et al. (2006); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis mossambicus (Mozambique tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Pullin et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Pullin et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oryctolagus cuniculus (rabbits) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ovis aries (sheep) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Ovis aries musimon (European mouflon) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | | Gazzari (1978) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Oxyura jamaicensis (ruddy duck) | Present, Localized | Native | | Fjeldså and Krabbe (1990) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Passer domesticus (house sparrow) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Phalloceros caudimaculatus (dusky millions fish) | Present | Native | | Almirón et al. (2000); López et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Phasianus colchicus (common pheasant) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rachycentron canadum (cobia) | Present | Native | | IUCN (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rana catesbeiana (American bullfrog) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Sanabria et al. (2005); Akmentins and Cardozo (2010); Sanabria et al. (2011); Sanabria et al. (2011); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rangifer tarandus (reindeer) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rattus norvegicus (brown rat) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Rhinella marina (cane toad) | Present | Native | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Salmo trutta (sea trout) | Present | Introduced | | Welcomme (1988); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Salvelinus fontinalis (brook trout) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Lopez et al. (1987); Froese and Pauly (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Salvelinus namaycush (lake trout) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Welcomme (1988) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Sturnus vulgaris (common starling) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Natureserve (2012) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Styela clava (Asian tunicate) | Present | Introduced | | Pereyra et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Styela plicata (pleated sea squirt) | Present | Introduced | | Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) (2011) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Sus scrofa [ISC] (feral pig) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Jaksic et al. (2002); Novillo and Ojeda (2008) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Tyto alba (Barn owl) | Present | Native | | Bruce (1999) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Chordata | Vulpes vulpes (red fox) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Cnidaria | Cordylophora (euryhaline hydroid) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Davis (1957) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Cnidaria | Diadumene lineata | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Cnidaria | Gonionemus vertens | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | | Fofonoff et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Achatina fulica (giant African land snail) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Gutiérrez Gregoric et al. (2013); Gregoric et al. (2011); Gutiérrez Gregoric et al. (2011); Vogler et al. (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Biomphalaria glabrata (marsh snail) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Corbicula fluminea (Asian clam) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Ituarte (1981); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Cornu aspersum (common garden snail) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CFIA (2009); Taylor (1914); Godan (1983); González et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Deroceras invadens (tramp slug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Anon (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Deroceras laeve (meadow slug) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Martín et al. (2009); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Deroceras reticulatum (grey field slug) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Martín et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Limacus flavus | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Limax maximus (leopard slug) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Hylton Scott (1963); Virgillito and Miquel (2013); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Limnoperna fortunei (golden mussel) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Pastorino et al. (1993); Darrigran and Ezcurra de Drago (2000); Seebens et al. (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Magallana gigas (Pacific oyster) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Orensanz et al. (2002); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Marisa cornuarietis (giant ramshorn) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Meghimatium pictum | Present | | | Gutiérrez Gregoric et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Melanoides tuberculata (red-rimmed melania) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Peso et al. (2011); Peso and Quintana (1999); Peso et al. (2010); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Milax gagates | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Hayes et al. (2008); Hayes et al. (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Pomacea maculata | Present, Widespread | Native | | Hayes et al. (2012); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Rapana venosa (veined rapana whelk) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Giberto et al. (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Mollusca | Theba pisana (white garden snail) | Present | | | Rumi et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Aphelenchoides besseyi (rice leaf nematode) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Ditylenchus dipsaci (stem and bulb nematode) | Present | | | Mareggiani and Russo (1992); Doucet (1999); CABI and EPPO (2009); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Globodera pallida (white potato cyst nematode) | Present, Few occurrences | | | CABI/EPPO (2011); Skantar et al. (2007); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Globodera rostochiensis (yellow potato cyst nematode) | Absent, Formerly present | | | Franco et al. (1998); CABI/EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Globodera tabacum (tobacco cyst nematode) | Present | | | Chaves (1993); CABI and EPPO (2004) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Helicotylenchus multicinctus (banana spiral nematode) | Present | | | Costilla et al. (1979); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode) | Present | | | Wrather et al. (1997); CABI and EPPO (2011); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne arenaria (peanut root-knot nematode) | Present | | | Taylor et al. (1982); CABI and EPPO (2003) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne chitwoodi (columbia root-knot nematode) | Present | | | Tiilikkala et al. (1995); CABI/EPPO (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne hapla (root knot nematode) | Present | | | Chaves and Torres (1993); CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Doucet and Pinochet (1992); CABI and EPPO (2002); Cabrera et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Meloidogyne javanica (sugarcane eelworm) | Present, Widespread | | | Costilla et al. (1976); Doucet and Pinochet (1992); CABI and EPPO (2002) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Radopholus similis (burrowing nematode) | Absent, Formerly present | | | CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Trichinella | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Tylenchulus semipenetrans (citrus root nematode) | Present, Widespread | | | Gutierrez (1947); CABI and EPPO (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Xiphinema diversicaudatum (dagger nematode) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Nematoda | Xiphinema index (fan-leaf virus nematode) | Present | | | Vega (1978); CABI and EPPO (2000); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Bothriocephalus acheilognathi | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Waicheim et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus | Present | | | OIE (2009) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus granulosus | Present | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Echinococcus multilocularis | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Gyrodactylus salaris | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Obama nungara | Present | | | Lago-Barcia et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Metazoa | Platyhelminthes | Taenia solium | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila abortus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Planctomycetes [kingdom] | | Chlamydophila psittaci | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Phaeophyta | Undaria pinnatifida (Asian kelp) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); Casas and Piriz (1996); Casas et al. (2004); Pereyra et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Adiantum raddianum (delta maidenhair fern) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Azolla cristata | Present | | | Gardenal et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Azolla filiculoides (water fern) | Present | Native | | Reed (1962); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Blechnum appendiculatum (palm fern) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Christella dentata (soft fern) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Cyrtomium falcatum (Japanese holly fern) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Equisetum arvense (field horsetail) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Macrothelypteris torresiana (swordfern) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteridium aquilinum (bracken) | Present | Native | | Thomson and Alonso-Amelot (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Pteris vittata (Chinese ladder brake fern) | Present | Introduced | | Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (2019); Missouri Botanical Garden (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia auriculata (giant salvinia) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia minima | Present | Native | | GBIF (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Pteridophyta | Salvinia molesta (kariba weed) | Present, Widespread | | | Gunn and Ritchie (1982); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Abutilon grandifolium (hairy Indian mallow) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia angustissima (prairie acacia) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia caven (Roman cassie) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia dealbata (acacia bernier) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia decurrens (green wattle) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CSIRO (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia farnesiana (huisache) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia longifolia (golden wattle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Stellatelli et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia mearnsii (black wattle) | Present | Introduced | | Seebens et al. (2017); ILDIS (2007); IABIN (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia melanoxylon (Australian blackwood) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | ILDIS (2002); Seebens et al. (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acacia saligna (coojong) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthospermum australe (spiny-bur) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acanthospermum hispidum (bristly starbur) | Present | Native | | Marzocca (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acer negundo (box elder) | Present, Localized, Planted | Introduced | | Simberloff et al. (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Acer pseudoplatanus (sycamore) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Achillea millefolium (yarrow) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Achnatherum brachychaetum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aeschynomene americana (shyleaf) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agave americana (century plant) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); JOHNSON (1971) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agrostis avenacea (Pacific bent grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agrostis capillaris (common bent) | Present | Introduced | | Instituto de Botanica Darwinion (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Agrostis castellana | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ailanthus altissima (tree-of-heaven) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); Mier Durante et al. (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aira caryophyllea (silver hairgrass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia julibrissin (silk tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia lebbeck (Indian siris) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Albizia niopoides (silk tree) | Present | Native | | Zuloaga and Morrone (1996) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Allium neapolitanum (False onion weed) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alopecurus myosuroides (black-grass) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2008); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alopecurus pratensis (meadow foxtail) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aloysia citrodora (lemon verbena) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alstroemeria aurea | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Julien et al. (1995); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | SENASA Argentina (2022); Holm et al. (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus blitum (livid amaranth) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Anton and Zoluaga (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus crispus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus cruentus (red amaranth) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Grubben (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus deflexus (Perennial Pigweed) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus dubius (spleen amaranth) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2014); Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus hybridus (smooth pigweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus muricatus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer amaranth) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | EPPO (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth) | Present | | | Zuloaga et al. (2008); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus standleyanus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amaranthus viridis (slender amaranth) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) | Present | Introduced | | Allard (1943); King (1966); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ambrosia tenuifolia (lacy ragweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Amorpha fruticosa (false indigo-bush) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2018); Seebens et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Anagallis arvensis (scarlet pimpernel) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Anethum graveolens (dill) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona cherimola (cherimoya) | Present | Introduced | | Morton (1987) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Annona squamosa (sugar apple) | Present | Native | | World Agroforestry Centre (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Anredera cordifolia (Madeira vine) | Present | | | GBIF (2013); USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Anthemis cotula (dog fennel) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); Randall (2002); Missouri Botanical Garden (2003); Borbón and Zamar (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Antigonon leptopus (coral vine) | Present | Introduced | | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arctotheca calendula (capeweed) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argemone mexicana (Mexican poppy) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Argemone ochroleuca (pale Mexican pricklypoppy) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1977); Krause (1989); Parsons and Cuthbertson (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristolochia elegans (elegant Dutchman’s pipe) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); Weeds of Australia (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aristolochia littoralis (elegant dutchman's pipe) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Armeria maritima | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arrhenatherum elatius (false oat-grass) | Present | Introduced | | Zuloaga et al. (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Artemisia biennis (biennial wormwood) | Present | | | Ling (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Arundo donax (giant reed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | I3N-Argentina (2014); Missouri Botanical Garden (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asclepias curassavica (bloodflower) | Present | | Invasive | Holm et al. (1997); USDA-ARS (2011); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus aethiopicus | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus asparagoides (bridal creeper) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus densiflorus (asparagus fern) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus falcatus (sicklethorn) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Mendoza (1942) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Asparagus setaceus (asparagus fern) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Aster squamatus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Atriplex semibaccata (Australian saltbush) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Austrocylindropuntia subulata (Eve’s needle cactus) | Present | Introduced | | Chinnock (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Avena barbata (slender oat) | Present, Localized | | Invasive | GBIF (2012); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Avena fatua (wild oat) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); Hafliger and Scholz (1981) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Avena sterilis (winter wild oat) | Present, Localized | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Averrhoa bilimbi (bilimbi) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Axonopus compressus (carpet grass) | Present | | | Al-de et al. (1973) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Axonopus fissifolius | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Azadirachta indica (neem tree) | Present | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bacopa monnieri (water hyssop) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa tuldoides (punting pole bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | Guerreiro and Lizarazu (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bambusa vulgaris (common bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | Judziewicz et al. (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bassia hyssopifolia (fivehook bassia) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Anton and Zuloaga (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bidens pilosa (blackjack) | Present | | | Francescangeli and Mitidieri (1990); GRIIS (2018); USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bidens subalternans | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bixa orellana (annatto) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bocconia frutescens (plume poppy) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa barbinodis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa bladhii (Caucasian bluestem) | Present | Introduced | | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bothriochloa ischaemum (yellow bluestem) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bougainvillea spectabilis (great bougainvillea) | Present | | | Palmucci and Wolcan (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brachypodium sylvaticum (slender false brome) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Zuloaga et al. (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica juncea (mustard) | Present | Introduced | | Duke (1983); Missouri Botanical Garden (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica nigra (black mustard) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica rapa (field mustard) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2018); Cazado et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (turnip rape) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bromus hordeaceus (soft brome) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); Planchuelo and Peterson (2000); GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bromus japonicus (Japanese brome) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bromus rigidus (ripgut brome) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Bromus secalinus (rye brome) | Present | Introduced | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Brugmansia suaveolens (white angel's trumpet) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2015); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Buddleja davidii (butterfly bush) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Buddleja madagascariensis (smokebush) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Rodolfo de la Peña (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cabomba caroliniana (Carolina fanwort) | Present | Native | | Washington State Department of Ecology (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Caladium bicolor (heart of Jesus) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calceolaria chelidonioides | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Callisia repens (creeping inch-plant) | Present | Native | | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calopogonium caeruleum (jicama) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calopogonium mucunoides (calopo) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Calotropis procera (apple of sodom) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | World Agroforestry Centre (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean) | Present | Introduced | | Sauer (1964) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canavalia gladiata (sword bean) | Present | Introduced | | POWO (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canna indica (canna lilly) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Canna x generalis (canna lily) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse) | Present | Introduced | | Sola (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Capsicum annuum (bell pepper) | Present | | | FAO (2009); Ferrand et al. (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Capsicum baccatum (pepper) | Present | Native | | Eshbaugh (1970); USDA-ARS (2014); CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardiospermum grandiflorum (balloon vine) | Present | Native | | Flora del Conosur (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon vine) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Carduus nutans (nodding thistle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Carduus pycnocephalus (Italian thistle) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Carpobrotus chilensis (sea fig) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Carpobrotus edulis (hottentot fig) | Present | Introduced | | GISP (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cascabela thevetia (yellow oleander) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cassia fistula (Indian laburnum) | Present, Planted | | | ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina cunninghamiana (Australian beefwood) | Present | Introduced | | Mendonza (1983); World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Casuarina glauca (scaly oak (Australia)) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffel grass) | Present | Introduced | | Zuloaga et al. (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus echinatus (southern sandbur) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cenchrus longispinus (Spiny burrgrass) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centaurea diffusa (diffuse knapweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centaurea iberica (Iberian starthistle) | Present | Introduced | | Parodi (1956); Holm et al. (1979); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centaurea melitensis (Maltese starthistle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Nobile and Luján (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated); Eriksen et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centella asiatica (Asiatic pennywort) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Centratherum punctatum (lark daisy) | Present | Native | | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ceratophyllum demersum (coontail) | Present, Widespread | | | Dorna (1974) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cereus hildmannianus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cestrum parqui (Chilean jessamine) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chamaecrista nictitans (sensitive partridge pea) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chenopodium album (fat hen) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chenopodium murale (nettleleaf goosefoot) | Present, Widespread | | | Nobile and Luján (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris barbata (purpletop chloris) | Present | | | Hafliger and Scholz (1981) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | IABIN (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chloris virgata (feather finger grass) | Present | Native | | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chondrilla juncea (rush skeletonweed) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) | Present | Native | | Gautier (1992) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cinnamomum camphora (camphor laurel) | Present | Introduced | | Dewey (1897) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cirsium vulgare (spear thistle) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2016); Holm et al. (1979); Nobile and Luján (1989) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cissus verticillata (possum grape vine) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantiifolia (lime) | Present | | | FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Citrus aurantium (sour orange) | Present | | | FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome gynandra | Present | Introduced | | Kuhn (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cleome hassleriana | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clerodendrum bungei (rose glorybower) | Present | Introduced | | Flora Mesoamericana (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clidemia hirta (Koster's curse) | Present | Native | | Wester and Wood (1977); Missouri Botanical Garden (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Clytostoma callistegioides | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cocos nucifera (coconut) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's-tears) | Present | Introduced | | Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina benghalensis (wandering jew) | Present | | | Wilson (1981) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Commelina diffusa (spreading dayflower) | Present | | | Ciba Geigy (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conium maculatum (poison hemlock) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Convolvulus arvensis (bindweed) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1977); Istilart (2005); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza bonariensis (hairy fleabane) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); Cazado et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Conyza sumatrensis (tall fleabane) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2004); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cordia alliodora (Ecuador laurel) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cortaderia jubata (purple pampas grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cortaderia selloana (pampas grass) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Corymbia citriodora (lemon-scented gum) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cosmos sulphureus (sulphur cosmos) | Present | Introduced | | Zuloaga et al. (2008); USDA-ARS (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cotoneaster horizontalis (wall-spray) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | | Giorgis et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora (montbretia) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts and Barker (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Crotalaria maypurensis (rattlebox weed) | Present | Native | | Gómez-Sosa (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Croton argenteus (silver July croton) | Present | Native | | Govaerts (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cryptostegia grandiflora (rubber vine) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cucumis anguria (West Indian gherkin) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | IABIN (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuphea carthagenensis (Colombian waxweed) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuphea hyssopifolia (false heather) | Present, Localized | Native | | Hieronymus (1874) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cupressus arizonica (Arizona cypress) | Present | Introduced | | Flora Argentina (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cupressus sempervirens (Mediterranean cypress) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuscuta campestris (field dodder) | Present | Introduced | | Yuncker (1932) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cuscuta epithymum (alfalfa dodder) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) | Present | Introduced | | Zuloaga et al. (2003); Albo et al. (2003); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynara cardunculus (cardoon) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | GBIF (2016); Weeds of Australia (2016); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon nlemfuensis (African Bermuda-grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cynodon plectostachyus (African stargrass) | Present | Introduced | | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus aggregatus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus entrerianus (deeprooted sedge) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus eragrostis (Tall flatsedge) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge) | Present | Introduced | | Zuloaga et al. (2008); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus imbricatus (shingle flatsedge) | Present | Native | | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus meyenianus (Meyen's flatsedge) | Present | Native | | Gilly (1941); IABIN (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | IABIN (2015); Burkart (1952); Mier Durante et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura ferox (fierce thornapple) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Torres et al. (2013); Torres et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura innoxia (downy thorn apple) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Datura stramonium (jimsonweed) | Present | | | Marzocca (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Delairea odorata (Cape ivy) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Hilliard (1977); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Delonix regia (flamboyant) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Descurainia sophia (flixweed) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-NRCS (2016); GBIF (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Desmodium incanum (creeping beggerweed) | Present | | | Parodi (1943); Garbulsky and Deregibus (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Desmodium uncinatum (Silver-leaf desmodium) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium annulatum (Kleberg's bluestem) | Present | Introduced | | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium aristatum (angelton bluestem) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichanthium caricosum (nadi blue grass) | Present | Introduced | | Cook et al. (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dichondra micrantha | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dieffenbachia seguine (dumb cane) | Present | | | Palmucci et al. (2011); Palmucci and Barreto (2007); Alippi and López (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria bicornis (Asian crabgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass) | Present | Introduced | | Zuloaga et al. (2008); Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria eriantha (pangola grass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Encyclopedia of Life (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria fuscescens (yellow crab grass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria insularis (sourgrass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Digitaria sanguinalis (large crabgrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Cabrera (1963) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Diplotaxis tenuifolia | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dipsacus fullonum (common teasel) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dolichandra unguis-cati (cat's claw creeper) | Present | Native | | Ulloa (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Drymaria cordata (tropical chickweed) | Present | Native | | Zuloaga et al. (2008); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Duranta erecta (golden dewdrop) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Dysphania ambrosioides (Mexican tea) | Present | | | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa colona (junglerice) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); Francescangeli and Mitidieri (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1991); Pace et al. (1991); IABIN (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa crus-pavonis (gulf cockspur grass) | Present | Native | | Tropicos (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echinochloa pyramidalis | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | SENASA Argentina (2022); GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Echium plantagineum (Paterson's curse) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eclipta prostrata (eclipta) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Egeria densa (leafy elodea) | Present | Native | | Cabrera (1968); Cook and Urmi-König (1984); USDA-ARS (2003); Cabrera Walsh et al. (2013); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia azurea (anchored water hyacinth) | Present, Localized | Native | | UK, Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew) (2009); USA, Missouri Botanical Garden (2009); USDA-ARS (2009); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) | Present, Localized | | | Gopal (1987); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elaeagnus angustifolia (Russian olive) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elaeagnus pungens (thorny olive) | Present | Introduced | | Carmona and Wright (1999) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elephantopus mollis (elephant's foot) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eleusine indica (goose grass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); Istilart (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elodea canadensis (Canadian pondweed) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | SENASA Argentina (2022); Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Elymus repens (quackgrass) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Emilia fosbergii (Florida tassel-flower) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | I3N-Argentina (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Epilobium ciliatum (northern willowherb) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Epipremnum pinnatum (centipede tongavine) | Present | | | Wright et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis ciliaris (gophertail lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Giraldo Cañas et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis curvula (weeping lovegrass) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis japonica (pond lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis lehmanniana (Lehmann lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Peterson et al. (2001); Soreng et al. (2014); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis pilosa (India lovegrass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eragrostis plana (South African lovegrass) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | SENASA Argentina (2022); Medeiros and Focht (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erechtites hieraciifolius (American burnweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Erechtites valerianifolius (tropical burnweed) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2012); Belcher (1956) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eriocereus martinii (harrisia cactus) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eryngium pandanifolium | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus | Present | | | Constantino (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red gum) | Present | Introduced | | Rejmanek and Richardson (2011); Zalba (1995); WAC (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus globulus (Tasmanian blue gum) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus paniculata (grey ironbark) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eucalyptus sideroxylon (black ironbark) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eugenia uniflora (Surinam cherry) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia davidii | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge) | Absent, Invalid presence record(s) | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia heterophylla (wild poinsettia) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Euphorbia hypericifolia (graceful spurge) | Present | Native | | GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Eustachys retusa | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Fallopia convolvulus (black bindweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Catullo et al. (1983); Falcon et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1991); USDA-NRCS (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) | Present | Introduced | | eMonocot (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Festuca pratensis (meadow fescue) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); GrassWorld (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus carica (common fig) | Present | | | Weber (2003); FAO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ficus microcarpa (Indian laurel tree) | Present | | | Weber (2003); WBN Flora Database (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Flemingia macrophylla (large leaf flemingia) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galega officinalis (goatsrue) | Present, Localized | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier) | Present | | Invasive | Mitidieri and Bianchini (1973); Nobile et al. (2002); USDA-ARS (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galinsoga quadriradiata (shaggy soldier) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Galium aparine (cleavers) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Genista monspessulana (Montpellier broom) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Burkart (1952) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Geoffroea decorticans (Chilean palo verde) | Present, Widespread | Native | Invasive | Tortorelli (1956); Mier Durante et al. (2012); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Glandularia aristigera | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Glechoma hederacea (ground ivy) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gleditsia triacanthos (honey locust) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | ILDIS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009); WAC (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphrena globosa (globe amaranth) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gomphrena serrata (arrasa con todo) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Grevillea robusta (silky oak) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | I3N-Argentina (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gunnera tinctoria (giant rhubarb) | Present | Native | | Global Biodiversity Information Facility (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gymnocoronis spilanthoides (Senegal tea plant) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); USA, USDA-ARS (2008); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Gypsophila paniculata (baby’s breath) | Present | | | Wolcan and Ronco (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hedera helix (ivy) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Zalba and Villamil (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hedychium coronarium (white butterfly ginger lily) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Kissmann (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Helianthus annuus (sunflower) | Present | | | FAO (2009); Mederos et al. (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliocarpus americanus (white moho) | Present, Localized | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012); Lay (1949); Grandtner and Chevrette (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium curassavicum (salt heliotrope) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heliotropium indicum (Indian heliotrope) | Present, Localized | | | Johnston (1928); Burkart (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Helminthotheca echioides (bristly oxtongue) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Heteropogon contortus (spear grass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (China-rose) | Present | | | Loiácono et al. (2003); Rivera et al. (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hirschfeldia incana (shortpod mustard) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Marzocca et al. (1976); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Holcus lanatus (common velvet grass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013); USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hordeum euclaston | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hordeum flexuosum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hordeum pubiflorum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hydrocotyle ranunculoides (floating pennywort) | Present, Few occurrences | Introduced | | EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hymenachne amplexicaulis (hymenachne) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Flora del Conosur (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015); Gaetán et al. (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hypochaeris radicata (cat's ear) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-NRCS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Hyptis brevipes (lesser roundweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Impatiens walleriana (busy lizzy) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Fonseca et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Indigofera suffruticosa (Anil indigo) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipheion uniflorum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea alba (white moonflower ) | Present | Native | | Zuloaga et al. (2008); Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea cairica (five-fingered morning glory) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2020) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea carnea | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (bush morning glory) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea hederifolia (scarlet-creeper ) | Present | Native | | Staples (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea indica (ocean blue morning-glory) | Present | | | Staples (2017); USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea nil (white edge morning-glory) | Present | Native | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea purpurea (tall morning glory) | Present | Native | | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea quamoclit (cypress vine) | Present | Introduced | | Staples (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ipomoea triloba (three-lobe morning glory) | Present, Localized | | | Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jacaranda mimosifolia (jacaranda) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha curcas (jatropha) | Present, Planted | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Jatropha gossypiifolia (bellyache bush) | Present, Widespread | Native | | CSIRO (1998) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Juncus acutus (spiny rush) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Juncus effusus (common rush) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Kirschner (2002); FOA (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Juncus planifolius (broadleaf rush) | Present | Native | | Balslev (1980); Zuloaga and Morrone (1996) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Juncus tenuis (slender rush) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Justicia pectoralis (freshcut) | Present | Native | | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | GRIIS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lamarckia aurea | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lantana camara (lantana) | Present | Native | Invasive | Morton (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lantana montevidensis | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lathyrus japonicus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leersia hexandra (southern cut grass) | Present | | | Pyrah (1969) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna aequinoctialis (lesser duckweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna minuta | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lemna perpusilla (duckweed) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonotis nepetifolia (Christmas candlestick) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leonurus japonicus (honeyweed) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lepidium draba (hoary cress) | Present, Localized | | Invasive | Rouquaud and Videla (1996); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lepidium perfoliatum (clasping pepperweed) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lepidium virginicum (Virginian peppercress) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa fusca (sprangletop) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2014); WCSP (2018); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leptochloa mucronata (mucronate sprangletop ) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | ILDIS (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Leucanthemum vulgare (oxeye daisy) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ligustrum japonicum (Japanese privet) | Present | Introduced | | Uzzell (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ligustrum lucidum (broad-leaf privet) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Gavier-Pizarro et al. (2012); Aguirre-Acosta et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ligustrum sinense (Chinese privet) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Montaldo (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ligustrum vulgare (common privet) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | I3N-Argentina (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Limnobium laevigatum (South American spongeplant) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Linaria dalmatica (dalmatian toadflax) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Puntieri and Brion (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lolium multiflorum (Italian ryegrass) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013); Goldring et al. (2007); Goldring et al. (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lolium rigidum (rigid ryegrass) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lolium temulentum (darnel) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); Ratera (1983) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | I3N-Argentina (2014); Blood (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia grandiflora (water primrose) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2009); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia peploides (water primrose) | Present | Native | | Zardini et al. (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ludwigia peruviana (primrose willow) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Luffa aegyptiaca (loofah) | Present | | | Zipcode Zoo (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lupinus angustifolius (narrow-leaf lupin) | Present | Introduced | | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lythrum maritimum (pukamole) | Present | Native | | Pensiero et al. (2005); Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) | Present | | | Torres and Puntieri (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro) | Present | Introduced | | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Malva sylvestris | Present | | | Mier Durante et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Manilkara zapota (sapodilla) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Marrubium vulgare (horehound) | Present | Introduced | | Weiss et al. (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Medicago lupulina (black medick) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Medicago polymorpha (bur clover) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea grass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melia azedarach (Chinaberry) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | World Agroforestry Centre (2002) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melilotus albus (honey clover) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Evans (2001); Mier Durante et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melilotus officinalis (yellow sweet clover) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | IABIN (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis minutiflora (molasses grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Melinis repens (natal redtop) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia aegyptia (hairy woodrose) | Present | Native | | Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia cissoides (roadside woodrose) | Present | Native | | Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Merremia umbellata (hogvine) | Present | Native | | Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (crystalline iceplant) | Present | Introduced | Naturalized | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Miconia calvescens (miconia) | Present | Native | | Meyer (1994) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mikania micrantha (bitter vine) | Present | | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa diplotricha (giant sensitive plant) | Present, Localized | Native | | Holm et al. (1977); Waterhouse and Norris (1987); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mimosa pigra (giant sensitive plant) | Present | Native | | Wiggins and Porter (1971) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Mirabilis jalapa (four o'clock flower) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Miscanthus sinensis (eulalia) | Present | Introduced | | Tropicos (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Modiola caroliniana (Carolina bristlemallow) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Moorochloa eruciformis (sweet signal grass) | Present | Introduced | | Troncoso and Bacigalupo (1982) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Morus alba (mora) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry) | Present | Native | | Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrot's feather) | Present | | | Orchard (1981); Claps (1991); Maine et al. (1998); Nunez et al. (1998); Sabbatini et al. (1998); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Myroxylon balsamum (Peru balsam) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nandina domestica (Nandina) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); GBIF (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nassella neesiana (Chilean needlegrass) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nassella tenuissima (Mexican feather grass) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock grass) | Present, Localized | Native | | Erb (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nasturtium microphyllum (one-row watercress) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-NRCS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Neonotonia wightii (perennial soybean) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicandra physalodes (apple of Peru) | Present | | | Marzocca (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicotiana glauca (tree tobacco) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicotiana langsdorffii | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicotiana longiflora | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicotiana plumbaginifolia (Tex-Mex tobacco) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | | | Funk et al. (2007); Mercado Cárdenas et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oeceoclades maculata (monk orchid) | Present | Introduced | | Garay and Taylor (1976) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Onopordum acanthium (scotch thistle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Cabrera (1971); Boeleke (1986) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia aurantiaca (jointed cactus) | Present, Localized | Native | | Moran et al. (1976); USDA-ARS (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia humifusa | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Opuntia monacantha (common prickly pear) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis articulata | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991); Seebens et al. (2017); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Oxalis debilis (pink woodsorrel) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Panicum repens (torpedo grass) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parentucellia viscosa (yellow glandweed) | Present | Introduced | | Puntieri and Brion (2004) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parkinsonia aculeata (Mexican palo-verde) | Present | Native | | Garcia (2000); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Parthenium hysterophorus (parthenium weed) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Castex et al. (1940); Dale (1981); Aneja et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalidium geminatum (Egyptian paspalidium) | Present | Native | | Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum conjugatum (buffalo grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum dilatatum (dallisgrass) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum distichum (knotgrass) | Present | Native | | Chase (1929); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum fasciculatum (bull grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2019) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum millegrana (yerba brava) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum notatum (Bahia grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum paniculatum (Russell River grass) | Present | Native | | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum urvillei (Vasey grass) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Zuloaga et al. (1994); Missouri Botanical Garden (2012); Soreng et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum vaginatum (seashore paspalum) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paspalum virgatum (sword grass) | Present | Native | | Clayton et al. (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora caerulea (blue passionflower) | Present | Native | Invasive | Dendinagi (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora edulis (passionfruit) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014); Cervi (1997); Wolcan and Larran (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower) | Present, Localized | Native | | Killip (1938); Dendinagi (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Passiflora suberosa (corkystem passionflower) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pastinaca sativa (parsnip) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Paulownia tomentosa (paulownia) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008); Jiang (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu grass) | Present | Introduced | | Sisterna and Wolcan (1990) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum macrourum (African feather grass) | Present | | | Weber (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum polystachion (mission grass) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pennisetum purpureum (elephant grass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pereskia aculeata (Lemon-vine) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Persicaria maculosa (redshank) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Persicaria punctata (dotted smartweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Petiveria alliacea (guinea hen weed) | Present | Native | | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phalaris aquatica (bulbous canarygrass) | Present | Introduced | | Oram et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phalaris minor (littleseed canarygrass) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phalaris paradoxa (awned canary-grass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phalaris platensis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean) | Present | | | ILDIS (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phleum pratense (timothy grass) | Present | Introduced | | Kew (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phoenix canariensis (Canary Island date palm) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phormium tenax (New Zealand flax) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Introduced | | Hanelt et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phragmites australis (common reed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Phyllostachys aurea (golden bamboo) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-APHIS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis angulata (cutleaf groundcherry) | Present | | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | Native | | Cerri (2006) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pilosella officinarum (mouse-ear hawkweed) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Gottschlich (1996) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pimenta dioica (allspice) | Present | | | FAO (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus caribaea (Caribbean pine) | Present | Introduced | | Simberloff et al. (2010); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Sarasola et al. (2006); Langdon et al. (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus elliottii (slash pine) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Zalba (1995); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus oocarpa (ocote pine) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus patula (Mexican weeping pine) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus pinaster (maritime pine) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pinus radiata (radiata pine) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | Zalba (1995) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Zuloaga et al. (2008); Lenicov et al. (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pithecellobium dulce (Manila tamarind) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plantago lanceolata (ribwort plantain) | Present | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1979); Conticello and Gandullo (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Plantago major (broad-leaved plantain) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Poa annua (annual meadowgrass) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | I3N-Argentina (2014); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Poa compressa (Canada bluegrass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Poa flabellata | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polycarpon tetraphyllum (fourleaf allseed) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polygonum aviculare (prostrate knotweed) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polygonum hydropiper (marsh pepper) | Absent, Unconfirmed presence record(s) | | | SENASA Argentina (2022); Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polygonum lapathifolium (pale persicaria) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Polypogon monspeliensis (annual beard grass) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pontederia cordata (pickerel weed) | Present | | | Witt and Luke (2017); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pontederia rotundifolia | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Populus alba (silver-leaf poplar) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Populus nigra (black poplar) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca oleracea (purslane) | Present | Introduced | | Legrand (1952) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Portulaca pilosa (kiss-me-quick) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prosopis ruscifolia | Present, Localized | Native | Invasive | Morello et al. (1971); Burkart (1976) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Prunella vulgaris (self-heal) | Present | Introduced | | WCSP (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Psidium guajava (guava) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | I3N-Argentina (2013); Carranza et al. (2002); Schliserman et al. (2004); USDA-ARS (2012); FAO (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Pyracantha coccinea (scarlet firethorn) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Vergara-Tabares et al. (2016); Missouri Botanical Garden (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ranunculus cymbalaria | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ranunculus parviflorus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Raphanus sativus (radish) | Present | | | Istilart (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rhamnus cathartica (buckthorn) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | Anon (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rhaponticum repens (Russian knapweed) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Maddox et al. (1985); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ricinus communis (castor bean) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | I3N-Argentina (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rivina humilis (bloodberry) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) | Present, Planted | Introduced | Invasive | CABI (Undated); Mier Durante et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) | Present | | | Gorustovich et al. (1999) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rotala ramosior | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass) | Present | Introduced | | Millhollon and Burner (1993) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus fruticosus (blackberry) | Present | | | Funes et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rubus rosifolius (roseleaf raspberry) | Present | Introduced | | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ruellia simplex (Mexican petunia) | Present | Native | | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rumex acetosella (sheep's sorrel) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rumex crispus (curled dock) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Rumex obtusifolius (broad-leaved dock) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salix fragilis (crack willow) | Present | | | Serra et al. (2013); Budde et al. (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salix humboldtiana (pencil willow) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Isebrands and Richardson (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salpichroa origanifolia | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Salsola kali (common saltwort) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015); Mier Durante et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Samanea saman (rain tree) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sansevieria trifasciata (mother-in-law’s tongue) | Present | Introduced | | Hurrell et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schinus molle (false pepper tree) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian pepper tree) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated); USDA-ARS (2007); McKay et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schismus arabicus (Arabian schismus) | Present | Introduced | | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Schizolobium parahyba (Brazilian fern tree) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Garcia and Monteiro (1997); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sechium edule (chayote) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Securigera varia (crown vetch) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senecio inaequidens (South African ragwort) | Present | | | EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senecio jacobaea (common ragwort) | Absent, Formerly present | | | HARPER and WOOD (1957); Holm et al. (1979); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senecio madagascariensis (fireweed) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Cabrera (1941); López et al. (2008); Seebens et al. (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senecio vulgaris | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Delhey and Kiehr-Delhey (1988) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna alata (candle bush) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016); Keller (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna corymbosa | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna hirsuta (hairy senna) | Present | Native | | ILDIS (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna multijuga (November shower) | Present, Only in captivity/cultivation | | | Hanelt et al. (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod) | Present, Widespread | Native | | Palmer and Pullen (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna occidentalis (coffee senna) | Present | Native | | Holm et al. (1979); ILDIS (2002); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna septemtrionalis (smooth senna) | Present | Introduced | | Irwin and Barneby (1982); ILDIS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Senna spectabilis (whitebark senna) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sesbania punicea (red sesbania) | Present | Native | | Erb (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria parviflora (knotroot foxtail) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979); Arregui et al. (2001); GBIF (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria verticillata (bristly foxtail) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Setaria viridis (green foxtail) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sida linifolia (flaxleaf fanpetals) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Silene gallica (common catchfly) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Silene latifolia subsp. alba (white campion) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Silybum marianum (variegated thistle) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sinapis arvensis (wild mustard) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sisymbrium irio | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum elaeagnifolium (silverleaf nightshade) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Morton (1976); Amor (1978); Holm et al. (1979); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum mauritianum (tobacco tree) | Present, Localized | Native | | Roe (1972) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum sisymbriifolium (sticky nightshade) | Present | Native | | POWO (2020); CABI Data Mining (2011); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum tuberosum (potato) | Present | | | USDA-ARS (2014); Avila et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum vernei | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Solanum viarum (tropical soda apple) | Present | Native | | GRIN (2008); Nee (1999); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Soliva sessilis | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2010); GBIF (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus asper (spiny sow-thistle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Fonseca et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sonchus oleraceus (common sowthistle) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | IABIN (2014); Istilart (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass) | Present, Localized | Introduced | | Holm et al. (1991); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spartina densiflora | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spartium junceum (Spanish broom) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | Sanhueza and Zalba (2012); Mier Durante et al. (2012); USDA-ARS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Spergula arvensis (corn spurry) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sphaeralcea bonariensis | Present | | | Cazado et al. (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sphaeralcea miniata | Present | | | Mier Durante et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus indicus (rat tail grass) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Sporobolus pyramidatus (whorled dropseed) | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachys arvensis (staggerweed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979); Govaerts (2014); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stachytarpheta cayennensis (blue snakeweed) | Present, Few occurrences | Native | | Troncoso (1979); Davidse et al. (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stellaria media (common chickweed) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1977); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syngonium podophyllum (arrowhead vine) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Syzygium cumini (black plum) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tagetes minuta (stinking Roger) | Present | Native | Invasive | Holm et al. (1991); Holm et al. (1997); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tamarindus indica (tamarind) | Present | Introduced | | ILDIS (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tamarix ramosissima (saltcedar) | Present | Introduced | | Gaskin and Schaal (2003); Missouri Botanical Garden (2007) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tanacetum vulgare (tansy) | Present | Introduced | | Zuloaga and Morrone (1999) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | | Gracia et al. (1983); Holm et al. (1997); Doucet et al. (2000) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tecoma capensis (Cape honeysuckle) | Present | Introduced | | Ulloa (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tecoma stans (yellow bells) | Present, Widespread | Introduced | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tectona grandis (teak) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tephrosia candida (white tephrosia) | Present | Introduced | | Orwa et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond) | Present | Introduced | | Davidse et al. (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tetragonia tetragonioides (New Zealand spinach) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2013); Zuloaga and Morrone (1996) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Themeda quadrivalvis (grader grass) | Present | Introduced | | CABI (Undated); |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thlaspi arvense (field pennycress) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2019); Holm et al. (1991) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Thunbergia alata (black eyed Susan) | Present | Introduced | | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tibouchina herbacea (cane tibouchina) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tithonia rotundifolia (red sunflower) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2018) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Toona ciliata (toon) | Present, Planted | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trachelium caeruleum | Present | | | Wolcan and Grego (2005) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Trachypogon spicatus (spiked crinkleawn) | Present | Native | | Zuloaga et al. (2008) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia fluminensis (wandering Jew) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia pallida (purple queen) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tradescantia zebrina (wandering jew) | Present | Introduced | | Govaerts (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tragus berteronianus | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tragus racemosus (stalker bur grass) | Present | Introduced | | Sulekic and Zapater (2001) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine) | Present | | | Marzocca (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tridax procumbens (coat buttons) | Present | | | Holm et al. (1979) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Triumfetta semitriloba (burweed) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tropaeolum majus (common nasturtium) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Tropaeolum polyphyllum | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha angustifolia (lesser bulrush) | Present, Widespread | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha domingensis (southern cattail) | Present | Native | | Crespo and Pérez-Moreau (1967) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Typha latifolia (broadleaf cattail) | Present | Native | | USA, USDA-ARS (2010) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Ulex europaeus (gorse) | Present, Planted | Introduced | | ILDIS (2007); IABIN (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa decumbens (signal grass) | Present | Introduced | | Zuloaga and Morrone (2003) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa mutica (para grass) | Present | Introduced | | Clayton et al. (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urochloa platyphylla (broadleaf signalgrass) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urtica dioica (stinging nettle) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Weigend and Luebert (2009) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Urtica urens (annual nettle) | Present, Widespread | | | Holm et al. (1997) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Utricularia gibba | Present | Native | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vachellia macracantha (porknut) | Present | | | ILDIS (2017) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbascum thapsus (common mullein) | Present | Introduced | Invasive | ISSG (2014); Missouri Botanical Garden (2014); USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbena bonariensis (clusterflower vervain) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbena brasiliensis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbena litoralis (blue vervain) | Present | Native | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbena rigida (stiff verbena) | Present, Localized | Native | | GBIF (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Verbesina encelioides (golden crownbeard) | Present, Widespread | | Invasive | Holm et al. (1979); Lopez et al. (1996); GBIF (2012); EPPO (2022) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vernicia fordii (tung-oil tree) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Veronica serpyllifolia (thymeleaf speedwell) | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2011) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vicia villosa (hairy vetch) | Present | Introduced | | Missouri Botanical Garden (2015) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vulpia bromoides (squirreltail fescue) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2012) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Vulpia myuros (annual fescue) | Present | Introduced | | USDA-ARS (2014) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Wisteria sinensis (Chinese wisteria) | Present, Localized | Introduced | Invasive | Hurrell et al. (2011); Mier Durante et al. (2012); ILDIS (2013); CABI (Undated) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Xanthium spinosum (bathurst burr) | Present | Native | Invasive | Istilart (2005); Missouri Botanical Garden (2013); USDA-ARS (2013) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Yucca aloifolia (Spanish bayonet) | Present | Introduced | | GBIF (2016); Darwin Botanical Institute (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Spermatophyta | Zinnia peruviana (Peruvian zinnia) | Present | Native | | CABI (Undated); USDA-ARS (2016) |
Eukaryota | Plantae | Streptophyta | Campylopus introflexus | Present | Native | | Gradstein and Sipman (1978) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Paramyxea | Marteilia refringens | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Babesia bovis | Present | | | CABI Data Mining (2001) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Bonamia exitiosa | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Bonamia ostreae | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Gymnodinium catenatum | Present, Localized | | | Balech (1964) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Perkinsus marinus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Perkinsus olseni | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Toxoplasma gondii | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Tritrichomonas foetus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma equiperdum | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Eukaryota | Protista | Protozoa | Trypanosoma evansi | Present | Introduced | | Desquesnes et al. (2013); OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | African horse sickness virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | African swine fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Arterivirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | avian infectious bronchitis virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | avian metapneumovirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Avipoxvirus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Barley yellow dwarf viruses (barley yellow dwarf) | Present | | | CABI (Undated) |
Virus | | | bluetongue virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine herpesvirus 1 | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine leukemia virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | bovine viral diarrhea virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | camelpox virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | caprine arthritis encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Citrus leprosis virus C (leprosis of citrus) | Present | | | Vergani (1945); Bitancourt (1955); CABI/EPPO (2013); Cáceres et al. (2013); EPPO (2022); CABI (Undated) |
Virus | | | classical swine fever virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Cowpea mild mottle virus (angular mosaic of beans) | Present | | | Rodríguez Pardina et al. (2004); Celli et al. (2016); CABI and EPPO (2019); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | duck hepatitis A virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | eastern equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equid herpesvirus 1 | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine arteritis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine infectious anaemia virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | equine influenzavirus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2018); OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | foot-and-mouth disease virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | fowlpox virus | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Gallid herpesvirus 2 | Present | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Haliotid herpesvirus 1 | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious bursal disease virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious myonecrosis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | infectious salmon anemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | influenza A virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2018); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Japanese encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | lumpy skin disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Maize chlorotic mottle virus | Present, Localized | | | CABI and EPPO (2014); Teyssandier et al. (1983) |
Virus | | | Maize dwarf mosaic virus (dwarf mosaic of maize) | Present | | | Teyssandier et al. (1983); Yossen et al. (1983); CABI and EPPO (2003); CABI (Undated) |
Virus | | | Maize lethal necrosis disease | Present | | | Gordon et al. (1984); CABI (Undated) |
Virus | | | myxoma virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Nairobi sheep disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Newcastle disease virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Nipah virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Papaya ringspot virus | Present | | | Cabrera Mederos et al. (2016) |
Virus | | | Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMV) | Present | | | CABI (Undated); CABI and EPPO (2009) |
Virus | | | peste des petits ruminants virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Plum pox virus (sharka) | Present, Few occurrences | | | Zotto et al. (2006); CABI and EPPO (2007); Zotto et al. (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Potato spindle tuber viroid (spindle tuber of potato) | Absent, Eradicated | | | CABI (Undated); Fernandez Valiela and Calderoni (1965); CABI and EPPO (2014); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | rabies virus | Present, Localized | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | red sea bream iridovirus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Rift Valley fever virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | rinderpest virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | spring viraemia of carp virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Sugarcane mosaic virus (sugarcane mosaic) | Present | | | ISSCT (1989); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | Suid herpesvirus 1 | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (internal cork disease of sweet potato) | Present | | | CABI and EPPO (2003); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | swine vesicular disease virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE Handistatus (2005) |
Virus | | | Taura syndrome virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (tomato spotted wilt) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1978); Ferrand et al. (2015); EPPO (2022) |
Virus | | | transmissible gastroenteritis virus | Present | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2018); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus | Absent, No presence record(s) | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | visna/maedi virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE Handistatus (2005); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | West Nile virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | western equine encephalitis virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); CABI Data Mining (2001); OIE (2019) |
Virus | | | Wheat streak mosaic virus (wheat streak) | Present | | | UK, CAB International (1982) |
Virus | | | White spot syndrome virus | Absent | | | OIE (2019); OIE (2019) |