Consumers are increasingly demanding healthy and sustainable food, produced with the greatest care for the environment, preferably organic and consider businesses and governments responsible for making this food available at accessible prices. The EU strategy from farm to fork, and private public...

Rubber has an essential role in supporting the people's economy in Indonesia, but lately, rubber production has continued to decrease. One of the efforts that significantly affected rubber productivity was a more efficient allocation and use of resources. This effort had to be supported by solid...

Wage inequality and land and labor insecurity are critical barriers to sustainable palm oil production among those employed in Indonesia's small-farm sector. Palm oil contract farming, a pre-harvest agreement between palm oil farmers and transnational processors and traders, facilitates smallholder ...

Smallholders, who cultivate ±30% of the global palm oil land, are critical to the realization of a sustainable palm oil sector. However, particularly independent smallholders, untied to mills, lag behind in yields and experience challenges to market their produce. Sustainability certification, such ...

This research study evaluated technical efficiency and return to scale of okra (Abelmoschus species) production among smallholder rural women farmers, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Specifically, the objectives were to: determine the socio-economic profiles of smallholder rural women okra farmers,...

The adverse impacts of oil palm plantations on socio-ecological conditions in Indonesia are a prominent issue. While farming improvement in large-scale plantations has shown good progress, accelerated expansion coupled with low productivity of smallholder plantations has raised concerns. ...

CONTEXT: Smallholders are responsible for a large share of global palm oil production. Yet, in Indonesia, the main palm oil producing country, smallholders' yields remain low. Better management practices, including short harvest interval (HI, the number of days between two harvest rounds), could...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Indonesia is the second largest natural rubber producer, which it gets primarily from smallholders. However, smallholders are less and less competitive because of unsustainable agricultural practices, while there is huge potential for sustainable natural rubber. This...

Market participation by smallholder indigenous crop farmers holds significant potential for the alleviation of food insecurity and poverty amongst rural households. Smallholder farmers generally play a vital role in the production and marketing of indigenous crops in South Africa. However, ...

Recent global 'land grabbing' has evoked concerns about the dispossession of agricultural smallholders. This concern often assumes that the current smallholders are the continuation of the undifferentiated 'middle peasantry' ('peasant family'), only with a new crop. Drawing from Sumatran oil palm...